Ethereum Platform Review: Opportunities and Challenges for Private and Consortium Blockchains

8/16/2019 Ethereum Platform Review: Opportunities and Challenges for Private and Consortium Blockchains

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tradeoffs between the “dumb blockchain” and “smart blockchain” approach will be confined to the question

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http://github.com/ethereum/testshttp://github.com/ethereum/testshttp://github.com/ethereum/testshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halting_problemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halting_problemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halting_problemhttps://bitcoin.org/en/developer-reference#term-op-checkmultisighttps://bitcoin.org/en/developer-reference#term-op-checkmultisighttps://bitcoin.org/en/developer-reference#term-op-checkmultisighttps://blog.ethereum.org/2015/10/22/security-alert-implementation-of-blockhash-instruction-in-c-and-go-clients-can-potentially-cause-consensus-issue-fixed-please-update/https://blog.ethereum.org/2015/10/22/security-alert-implementation-of-blockhash-instruction-in-c-and-go-clients-can-potentially-cause-consensus-issue-fixed-please-update/https://blog.ethereum.org/2015/09/10/security-alert-previous-security-patch-can-lead-to-invalid-state-root-on-go-clients-with-a-specific-transaction-sequence-fixed-please-update/https://blog.ethereum.org/2015/09/10/security-alert-previous-security-patch-can-lead-to-invalid-state-root-on-go-clients-with-a-specific-transaction-sequence-fixed-please-update/https://blog.ethereum.org/2015/09/03/security-alert-implementation-bug-in-go-clients-causing-increase-in-difficulty-fixed-miners-check-and-update-go-clients-if-necessary/https://blog.ethereum.org/2015/09/03/security-alert-implementation-bug-in-go-clients-causing-increase-in-difficulty-fixed-miners-check-and-update-go-clients-if-necessary/https://blog.ethereum.org/2015/09/03/security-alert-implementation-bug-in-go-clients-causing-increase-in-difficulty-fixed-miners-check-and-update-go-clients-if-necessary/https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Common_Vulnerabilities_and_Exposures#CVE-2010-5139https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Common_Vulnerabilities_and_Exposures#CVE-2010-5139https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Common_Vulnerabilities_and_Exposures#CVE-2010-5139https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=152030.0https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=152030.0https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=152030.0https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=152030.0https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Common_Vulnerabilities_and_Exposures#CVE-2010-5139https://blog.ethereum.org/2015/09/03/security-alert-implementation-bug-in-go-clients-causing-increase-in-difficulty-fixed-miners-check-and-update-go-clients-if-necessary/https://blog.ethereum.org/2015/09/10/security-alert-previous-security-patch-can-lead-to-invalid-state-root-on-go-clients-with-a-specific-transaction-sequence-fixed-please-update/https://blog.ethereum.org/2015/10/22/security-alert-implementation-of-blockhash-instruction-in-c-and-go-clients-can-potentially-cause-consensus-issue-fixed-please-update/https://bitcoin.org/en/developer-reference#term-op-checkmultisighttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halting_problemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halting_problemhttp://github.com/ethereum/testshttp://github.com/ethereum/tests


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14/45

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strictly necessary; one can instead allocate users’ “gas units” directly, much like CPU hours are al ,/6-'%8 -48

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http://www.underhanded-c.org/http://www.underhanded-c.org/http://www.underhanded-c.org/http://www.underhanded-c.org/https://bitsharestalk.org/index.php?topic=17801.0https://bitsharestalk.org/index.php?topic=17801.0https://bitsharestalk.org/index.php?topic=17801.0https://bitsharestalk.org/index.php?topic=17801.0https://bitsharestalk.org/index.php?topic=17801.0http://www.underhanded-c.org/http://www.underhanded-c.org/


17/45

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and running “entire” programs is largely false: regardless of the VM’s performance, the time bottleneck is

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http://www.multichain.com/blog/2015/11/smart-contracts-slow-blockchains/http://www.multichain.com/blog/2015/11/smart-contracts-slow-blockchains/http://www.multichain.com/blog/2015/11/smart-contracts-slow-blockchains/http://bytemaster.github.io/blog/2015/12/30/Why-I-like-Ethereum/http://bytemaster.github.io/blog/2015/12/30/Why-I-like-Ethereum/http://bytemaster.github.io/blog/2015/12/30/Why-I-like-Ethereum/http://bytemaster.github.io/blog/2015/12/30/Why-I-like-Ethereum/https://bitcoin.org/en/bitcoin-core/capacity-increases-faq#size-bumphttps://bitcoin.org/en/bitcoin-core/capacity-increases-faq#size-bumphttps://bitcoin.org/en/bitcoin-core/capacity-increases-faq#size-bumphttps://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Script#Arithmetichttps://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Script#Arithmetichttps://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Script#Arithmetichttps://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Script#Arithmetichttps://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Script#Arithmetichttps://bitcoin.org/en/bitcoin-core/capacity-increases-faq#size-bumphttps://bitcoin.org/en/bitcoin-core/capacity-increases-faq#size-bumphttp://bytemaster.github.io/blog/2015/12/30/Why-I-like-Ethereum/http://bytemaster.github.io/blog/2015/12/30/Why-I-like-Ethereum/http://bytemaster.github.io/blog/2015/12/30/Why-I-like-Ethereum/http://www.multichain.com/blog/2015/11/smart-contracts-slow-blockchains/http://www.multichain.com/blog/2015/11/smart-contracts-slow-blockchains/


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https://eprint.iacr.org/2015/702.pdfhttps://eprint.iacr.org/2015/702.pdfhttps://eprint.iacr.org/2015/702.pdfhttps://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Scalability#CPUhttps://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Scalability#CPUhttps://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Scalability#CPUhttp://www.finextra.com/finextra-downloads/newsdocs/Embracing%20Disruption%20White%20Paper_FINAL_Jan-16.pdfhttp://www.finextra.com/finextra-downloads/newsdocs/Embracing%20Disruption%20White%20Paper_FINAL_Jan-16.pdfhttp://www.finextra.com/finextra-downloads/newsdocs/Embracing%20Disruption%20White%20Paper_FINAL_Jan-16.pdfhttp://www.csopasset.us/en-us/education/china-equity-market/http://www.csopasset.us/en-us/education/china-equity-market/http://www.csopasset.us/en-us/education/china-equity-market/http://dbshards.com/database-sharding/http://dbshards.com/database-sharding/http://dbshards.com/database-sharding/http://www.arcturnus.com/ethereum-lightning-network-and-beyond/http://www.arcturnus.com/ethereum-lightning-network-and-beyond/http://www.arcturnus.com/ethereum-lightning-network-and-beyond/http://www.arcturnus.com/ethereum-lightning-network-and-beyond/http://bitcoinrelaynetwork.org/http://bitcoinrelaynetwork.org/http://bitcoinrelaynetwork.org/http://bitcoinrelaynetwork.org/http://bitcoinclassic.com/http://bitcoinclassic.com/http://bitcoinclassic.com/https://bitcoinmagazine.com/articles/segregated-witness-part-how-a-clever-hack-could-significantly-increase-bitcoin-s-potential-1450553618https://bitcoinmagazine.com/articles/segregated-witness-part-how-a-clever-hack-could-significantly-increase-bitcoin-s-potential-1450553618https://bitcoinmagazine.com/articles/segregated-witness-part-how-a-clever-hack-could-significantly-increase-bitcoin-s-potential-1450553618https://bitcoinmagazine.com/articles/segregated-witness-part-how-a-clever-hack-could-significantly-increase-bitcoin-s-potential-1450553618http://bitcoinclassic.com/http://bitcoinrelaynetwork.org/http://bitcoinrelaynetwork.org/http://www.arcturnus.com/ethereum-lightning-network-and-beyond/http://www.arcturnus.com/ethereum-lightning-network-and-beyond/http://www.arcturnus.com/ethereum-lightning-network-and-beyond/http://dbshards.com/database-sharding/http://www.csopasset.us/en-us/education/china-equity-market/http://www.finextra.com/finextra-downloads/newsdocs/Embracing%20Disruption%20White%20Paper_FINAL_Jan-16.pdfhttps://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Scalability#CPUhttps://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Scalability#CPUhttps://eprint.iacr.org/2015/702.pdf


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.2%,81 '$-' -(% -,(%-85 0%,,E)48%(1'//8 :5 8%7%,/+%(1G (#'+.!&%+%,# 5&%2&(33"+2 -48 @ABC# (the “unspent

transaction outputs” concept in Bitcoin). In Bitcoin, the way that a transaction actually works is that it

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“coin”: it has a denomination and an owner, and the primary two r ),%1 0$26$ - '(-41-6'2/4 *)1' 1-'21.5 '/ :%

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described in the “privacy” section. Similarly to UTXOs, receipts are also objects that are produced by

transaction execution and can be “consumed” by execution of a further tra 41-6'2/4e $%46%@ '$%5 6-4 :%

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execution have been completed. Due to the receipts’ asynchrony, the process would still be highly

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address, and so we can solve the “targeted attack” problem with random sampling schemes, randomly

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Furthermore, malfeasance is easier to disincentivize and police; as Vlad Zamfir has said, “[proof of stake

schemes] would be like if the ASIC farm burned down when it mined an invalid block” "TC

Hence, the general approach in a public blockchain context is to first collate transactions into “transaction

groups” whose effect is disjoint from each other, and then for each transaction group to select a random set

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http://dfinity.io/about.htmlhttp://dfinity.io/about.htmlhttp://dfinity.io/about.htmlhttp://www.pmg.lcs.mit.edu/papers/osdi99.pdfhttp://www.pmg.lcs.mit.edu/papers/osdi99.pdfhttp://www.pmg.lcs.mit.edu/papers/osdi99.pdfhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_fault_tolerancehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_fault_tolerancehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_fault_tolerancehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_fault_tolerancehttps://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=131901.0https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=131901.0https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=131901.0https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pzIl3vmEytYhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pzIl3vmEytYhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pzIl3vmEytYhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pzIl3vmEytYhttps://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=131901.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_fault_tolerancehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_fault_tolerancehttp://www.pmg.lcs.mit.edu/papers/osdi99.pdfhttp://dfinity.io/about.htmlhttp://dfinity.io/about.html


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http://www.forbes.com/sites/andygreenberg/2013/09/05/follow-the-bitcoins-how-we-got-busted-buying-drugs-on-silk-roads-black-market/#64dea53189a8http://www.forbes.com/sites/andygreenberg/2013/09/05/follow-the-bitcoins-how-we-got-busted-buying-drugs-on-silk-roads-black-market/#64dea53189a8http://motherboard.vice.com/read/how-a-two-timing-dea-agent-got-busted-for-making-money-off-the-silk-roadhttp://motherboard.vice.com/read/how-a-two-timing-dea-agent-got-busted-for-making-money-off-the-silk-roadhttp://motherboard.vice.com/read/how-a-two-timing-dea-agent-got-busted-for-making-money-off-the-silk-roadhttp://motherboard.vice.com/read/how-a-two-timing-dea-agent-got-busted-for-making-money-off-the-silk-roadhttp://motherboard.vice.com/read/how-a-two-timing-dea-agent-got-busted-for-making-money-off-the-silk-roadhttp://motherboard.vice.com/read/how-a-two-timing-dea-agent-got-busted-for-making-money-off-the-silk-roadhttp://www.forbes.com/sites/andygreenberg/2013/09/05/follow-the-bitcoins-how-we-got-busted-buying-drugs-on-silk-roads-black-market/#64dea53189a8


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