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8/13/2019 ET 4357 Lecture 1 Introduction
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Observation Systems: introduction
International Research Centre for Telecommunications and Radar
Introduction
Observation Systems
Lecture 1
Docents: Herman Russchenberg, Christine Unal
8/13/2019 ET 4357 Lecture 1 Introduction
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Observation Systems: introduction
International Research Centre for Telecommunications and Radar
Satellite observationsof tsunami, 2004
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Observation Systems: introduction
International Research Centre for Telecommunications and Radar
Sar image
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Observation technology et!"
Observation Systems: introduction
Remote sensing
Measurement of properties of objects without cominginto physical contactwith the object
Objects are at a large distance
8/13/2019 ET 4357 Lecture 1 Introduction
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Observation Systems: introduction
International Research Centre for Telecommunications and Radar
Objects under study
Sur#ace o# the $arth
Oceans
%tmos&here $nvironment
Sub'sur#ace
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8/13/2019 ET 4357 Lecture 1 Introduction
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Observation Systems: introduction
International Research Centre for Telecommunications and Radar
Oceans
+arine ecology
+arine economy, trans&ort
$nvironmental monitoring
Climatic change
8/13/2019 ET 4357 Lecture 1 Introduction
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Observation Systems: introduction
International Research Centre for Telecommunications and Radar
!tmosphere
)eather &rediction
)ater management
Climatic change
*elecommunications
%viation sa#ety
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Observation Systems: introduction
International Research Centre for Telecommunications and Radar
Rain#all ' clouds -ind turbulence aerosols gases -ind -ater currents '-ater .uality vegetation minerals ' oil #ields subsidence trans&ort o# &ollution ' #ishing grounds '
chloro&hyl in oceans ' sand storms rain #orest ' archaeologicalob/ects ' earth crusts ' earth .ua0es ' -ater va&our #ields 'illegal dum&ing radiation shi&s cars ' aircra#ts etc etc 'etc
What to measure?
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8/13/2019 ET 4357 Lecture 1 Introduction
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Observation Systems: introduction
International Research Centre for Telecommunications and Radar
sensors
Radar
Radiometer
Lidar
Principles, signal processing, retrieval
techniques, data analysis
8/13/2019 ET 4357 Lecture 1 Introduction
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Observation Systems: introduction
International Research Centre for Telecommunications and Radar
"undaments of remote sensing
+easurement o# electromagnetic2 radiationcoming #rom the ob/ect under study
3assive techni.ues
%ctive techni.ues
Inverse &roblem
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8/13/2019 ET 4357 Lecture 1 Introduction
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8/13/2019 ET 4357 Lecture 1 Introduction
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Observation Systems: introduction
International Research Centre for Telecommunications and Radar
%ample of inverse problem &
*he satellite measures
an em'-ave
-ith intensity I6
What is the temperatureof the Earth?
Earth
satellite
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Observation Systems: introduction
International Research Centre for Telecommunications and Radar
%ample of inverse problem 2
*he sensor measures a signal -ith &o-er P.How much water is in the ground?
Water reservoir
sensor
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Observation Systems: introduction
International Research Centre for Telecommunications and Radar
%ample of inverse problem '
Ice cloud
The sensor observes apolarization change.
What is the shape of ice
crystals?
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Observation Systems: introduction
International Research Centre for Telecommunications and Radar
$o solve the inverse problem
% &riori 0no-ledge o# the mediumneeded
% good understanding o# the scattering&rocess
Is required
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Observation Systems: introduction
International Research Centre for Telecommunications and Radar
!ctive remote sensing &
*ransmitter
Receiver
Object changes properties of transmitted ave
Object under
study
scattering
8/13/2019 ET 4357 Lecture 1 Introduction
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Observation Systems: introduction
International Research Centre for Telecommunications and Radar
ctive remote sensing !
Transmitter Receiver
Object changes properties of transmitted ave
Object under
study
absorption
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8/13/2019 ET 4357 Lecture 1 Introduction
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Observation technology et!"
Observation Systems: introduction
8/13/2019 ET 4357 Lecture 1 Introduction
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Observation Systems: introduction
International Research Centre for Telecommunications and Radar
8/13/2019 ET 4357 Lecture 1 Introduction
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Observation Systems: introduction
International Research Centre for Telecommunications and Radar
&'()W radar
"ulse radar
8/13/2019 ET 4357 Lecture 1 Introduction
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Observation Systems: introduction
International Research Centre for Telecommunications and Radar
8/13/2019 ET 4357 Lecture 1 Introduction
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Observation Systems: introduction
International Research Centre for Telecommunications and Radar
8/13/2019 ET 4357 Lecture 1 Introduction
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Observation Systems: introduction
International Research Centre for Telecommunications and Radar
"article ** wavelength
Rayleigh scattering
!cattered poer " particle volume squared
"article scattering
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8/13/2019 ET 4357 Lecture 1 Introduction
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8/13/2019 ET 4357 Lecture 1 Introduction
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Observation Systems: introduction
International Research Centre for Telecommunications and Radar
"rinciple o# lidar$ light detection and ranging
transmission
reception
Wavelength % m
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Observation Systems: introduction
International Research Centre for Telecommunications and Radar
In#ra(red lidar,round based
+pace borne
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Observation Systems: introduction
International Research Centre for Telecommunications and Radar
+pace(based cloud
observation with lidar
8/13/2019 ET 4357 Lecture 1 Introduction
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8/13/2019 ET 4357 Lecture 1 Introduction
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Observation Systems: introduction
International Research Centre for Telecommunications and Radar
! blac) body absorbs allradiation
%nd emits again766
ccording to "lanck/s law
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8/13/2019 ET 4357 Lecture 1 Introduction
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Observation Systems: introduction
International Research Centre for Telecommunications and Radar
I
Radiation source$ 4 5absorption constant6d+
65 )I*
d!
dI=
+= *d!)eeII
-
= *d!Optical path length
4ackground radiation
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Observation Systems: introduction
International Research Centre for Telecommunications and Radar
'icrowave appro7imation$ ($h
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8/13/2019 ET 4357 Lecture 1 Introduction
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Observation Systems: introduction
#bser$ations!stems
%ignal generation %ignal processing
Inter&retation
$nd user
8ature9ob/ect
$+'theory
Scattering &rocess
In&ut users
3hysical descri&tion
Signal theory
Radar technolog