285Temple of the Night Sun 284

IndexItalic numbers indicate representative figures

Adosado (to Str. F8-1-Sub.1), 64–69, 73, 77, 81aguada, 19Aguateca, 241Aguila ceramic group, 40, 55, 67, 82, 115, 117, 124Altun Ha, 22, 162, 163, 164, 195Alvarado, Eliseo, 24American Museum of Natural History, 160ancestors, 132, 134, 135, 217, 234, 252Andrews, George, 79Animal Skull, 207Antigua, 27, 239, 243, 245atole, 141, 232Aztec, 167, 218Bajo El Palmar, 16Baking Pot, 160Balamku, 14, 137Balanza ceramic group, 82, 88, 98, 121, 124, 138bamboo, 219–221Barton Ramie, 96baskets, 151, 162, 249bats, 16, 17, 19, 45, 113beads, 60, 90, 123, 138, 173, 211, 212, 234, 236; in El

Diablo tomb, 52, 165, 167–169, 170, 173, 175, 200, 203–204, 232, 234, 237, 238, 240, 243

Beaubien, Harriet, 26Becan, 91, 214, 215Bejucal, 16, 20, 23, 24, 46, 96, 104, 177, 231bier (teem), 51, 52, 53, 86, 108, 117, 137, 146, 148–149,

156, 162, 163, 164, 182, 195, 205, 206, 207, 245, 255, 259

Bonampak, 53, 192Boucher, Sylvian, 214Buenavista Escarpment, 16, 17, 21, 45, 113, 139, 209Buenavista Valley, 16, 17, 20, 21burials A31 (Uaxactun), 110 Burial 1 (El Zotz), 20, 207 Burial 2 (Bejucal), 23, 24 Burial 3 (Bejucal), 24 Burial 5 (Bejucal), 24 Burial 6 (El Zotz), 26, 64, 65, 184–189, 192, 200, 203, 206 Burial 9 (El Zotz), 14, passim Burial 10 (Tikal), 207

Burial 13 (El Zotz), 21 Burial 14 (El Zotz), 21 Burial 15 (El Zotz), 67, 69, 190–192, 206 Burial 16 (El Zotz), 21, 22, 39 Burial 18 (El Zotz), 21 Burial 21 (El Zotz), 23 Burial 22 (El Zotz), 23 Burial 22 (Tikal), 105 Burial 24 (El Peru), 177 Burial 25 (El Peru), 137 Burial 39 (El Peru), 207 Burial 48 (Tikal), 207 Burial 82 (Piedras Negras), 86 Burial 85 (Tikal), 14, 159 Burial 116 (Tikal), 163, 164 Burial 125 (Tikal), 86 Burial 160 (Tikal), 207 Burial 162 (Tikal), 207 Burial 166 (Tikal), 14 Burial 167 (Tikal), 14, 207 Burial 195 (Tikal), 52, 207 Burial 196 (Tikal), 163caches (associated with El Diablo tomb) Cache 1, 54, 55, 56, 58, 63, 67, 184 Cache 2, 55, 57, 63, 184 Cache 3, 26, 64, 65, 184–189, 192, 206 Cache 4, 26, 40, 41, 44, 189 Cache 5, 26, 40, 42, 44, 189, 192 Cache 6, 26, 40, 42, 44, 189, 196 Cache 7, 26, 40, 43, 44, 189 Cache 8, 26, 40, 44, 183, 189 Cache 9, 55, 66, 67, 190, 192, 207, 256 Cache 10, 67, 69, 190–192, 206Cahal Pech, 207Calakmul, 14, 96, 98, 128, 163, 164, 240Caldero Buff Polychrome ceramic group, 82, 103, 105Callaghan, Michael G., 100, 106Campaña, Luz Evelia, 214Caracol, 48, 207Caribal ceramic group, 82, 108Caribbean, 16, 169caves, 16, 19, 45, 113, 139, 141, 165Ceibal, 241celts, 52, 171, 174, 175, 177, 211, 212, 232, 234, 236, 237centipedes, 89, 94ceramic disk, 110

Index

Temple of the Night Sun 286 287

ceramic groups Aguila, 40, 55, 67, 82, 115, 117, 124 Balanza, 82, 88, 98, 121, 124, 138 Caldero Buff Polychrome, 82, 103, 105 Caribal, 82, 108 Dos Arroyos, 19, 82, 83 Dos Hermanos, 82, 96, 110, 141, 145 Pucte, 82, 100, 107 Quintal, 82, 83, 117, 145Chahk, 58, 60, 211, 221. See also Masks 4, 12Chan Chich, 14Chase, Arlen F., 207Chase, Diane Z., 207Cheetham, David T., 207chicozapote, 58chocolate, 100, 108–110Chumash, 239cinnabar, 113, 123, 128, 157, 159, 168, 169, 194, 195, 200,

202, 203, 205, 206, 207, 231, 239, 251, 252, 257, 261, 263Codex Vienna, 232–233Comalcalco, 52Conus, 52, 53, 163, 165, 169, 177, 232copal, 46, 159, 186, 189, 206, 234Copan, 48, 89, 113, 160, 213, 214, 215, 218, 231, 233,

241; Hunal tomb, 14, 69; Margarita tomb, 14, 69, 163

cordage, 108, 162, 249Culbert, T. Patrick, 40, 96, 100cyclododecane, 27, 182, 203, 234, 243, 244, 245, 247dental incrustations, 177, 192Diedrich, Martin, 79, 81, 209, 211dog canines, 169, 177, 232Dos Arroyos ceramic group, 19, 82, 83Dos Hermanos ceramic group, 82, 96, 110, 141, 145Dos Pilas, 214dynasty founder, 12, 14, 58, 69, 221, 231Dzibilchaltun, 177earspools, 14, 21, 23, 77, 81, 172, 173, 211, 212, 214–218,

234, 236, 237Ek’ Balam, 48El Chayal, 159, 239, 241El Diablo Tomb, 14, 24–27, passimEl Mirador, 20El Palmar, 16, 20, 21, 50, 145El Peru, 137, 151, 160, 177, 207El Yesal, 16El Zotz 14, passim; Accession Platform (Str. M7-1-

Sub.2), 18, 22–23; Eastern Causeway, 18; El Diablo Group, 14, passim; El Tejón Group, 16, 17, 20, 21, 78; Las Palmitas Group, 16; Southern Causeway, 18; Str. F8-2, 82; Str. F8-4, 82; Str. F8-5, 69, 78, 82; Str. F8-7, 78, 82; Str. F8-8, 82; Str. F8-12, 18, 21, 82; Str.

F8-13, 18, 82; Str. F8-14 tomb, 18, 21; Str. F8-15, 19, 82; Str. F8-16, 19, 82; Str. F8-17, 19, 78, 82; Str. F8-18, 38, 82; Strs. G8-1–5, 19; Str. L7-1, 78; Str. L7-11, 39, 76; Str. L8-9, 14; Str. L8-10, 14, 23; Str. L8-11, 14, 23; Str. M7-1, 14, 18, 21, 22–23, 39, 64, 69. See also burials; caches; El Diablo tomb; masks; Str. F8-1; vessels

entrada, 104, 231, 233Estrada-Belli, Francisco, 14Fahsen, Federico, 20Fash, William L., 213faunal remains, 177–179felid phalanx, 179feline kilts, 53, 156, 179Fisher, Kevin, 36Flores, 27GI, 211, 215, 216, 218Garrido López, Jose Luis, 23Godoy, Arturo, 24, 26, 27gourds, 105, 149, 156, 248, 253graffiti, 63Green, Vance, 36Guillot Vassaux, Alejandro, 21Gulf of Mexico, 16Gutiérrez Castillo, Yeny Myshell, 165Hammond, Norman, 137Hatzcab Ceel, 160Hauberg Stela, 211, 215, 218headdresses, 22, 73, 212, 215, 216, 236; of El Zotz

Burial 9 ruler, 27, 147, 170, 173, 244, 245hematite, 113, 123, 128, 157, 158, 159, 162, 163, 167,

179, 194–195, 203, 206, 207, 231, 232, 238, 239, 245, 249, 251–252, 257

Henderson, John S., 100hieroglyphs, 89, 91, 146, 160, 212–213, 216, 231, 244,

245, 248–249Holmul, 14, 91, 98, 100, 106, 113, 121, 128, 137, 211howler monkeys, 51, 88–94, 121–123, 131–132, 214,

217, 232incense burner (censer), 90, 91Instituto de Antropología e Historia (IDAEH), 27,

243Itzam K’an Ahk, 128Izapa, 212jade, 14, 21, 22, 23, 52, 86, 90, 160, 165, 171–177, 193,

217, 232, 234–238, 240, 245–247Jaguar God of the Underworld (JGU), 63, 91, 150,

213–215, 218, 232. See also Masks 2, 5, 6, 8Jasaw Chan K’awiil, 164Jester God (Ux Yop Huun), 22Jívaro, 218Joyce, Rosemary A., 100

Kaminaljuyu, 14, 94, 110, 128, 207K’an Chitam, 212kingship, 12, 22, 86, 163, 171, 232–233K’inich Yax K’uk’ Mo’, 214Keeley, Lawrence H., 240Knodell, Alex, 24Kohunlich, 212, 214Kohzuma, Takamitsu, 242Kovacevich, Brigitte, 236Krejci, Estella, 96La Avispa, 16La Entrada, 241leather, 162leaves, 55, 96, 259Lipiello, Lauren, 36López Muñoz, Joel, 82macaws, 137, 214Machaquila, 48Magee, Catherine, 24, 25, 26, 27Maize God, 22, 89, 90, 91, 94, 132Manik ceramic phase, 83, 87masks, 14, 23, 52, 160, 165, 170, 171, 173, 177, 215, 234,

237–238, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247; architectural, 20, 22, 26, 45, 58, 60, 64, 74, 76, 77, 78, 79, 211, 214, 216, 217, 218, 231, 244; on infants, 187–188, 192, 206; on the cornice of the Temple of the Night Sun:

Mask 1, 61, 211, 216, 222 Mask 2, 211, 214, 216, 223 Mask 3, 208, 211, 212, 216, 217, 224 Mask 4, 211, 212, 215, 217, 225 Mask 5, 60, 62, 211, 215, 216, 226 Mask 6, 211, 216 Mask 7, 211, 212, 214, 216, 217, 227 Mask 8, 211, 213, 214, 215, 216, 228 Mask 9, 211, 217 Mask 10, 211, 216 Mask 11, 211 Mask 12, 79, 211, 215, 217, 229 Mask 13, 211, 216 Mask 14, 211, 214, 216mat (petate), 159, 162, 239, 240mica, 24, 157, 160, 247Mirador “Basin,” 16mirrors, 86, 90, 146, 160, 231, 238, 244, 245Mitla, 233Mixtec, 51, 177, 218, 232, 233monkey scribes, 89, 90, 91, 214, 217Motagua region, 234Mundo Perdido (Tikal), 98, 100, 110, 137Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Etnología, 244, 248Muwaan bird, 89Naranjo, 12

necklaces, 52, 124, 165, 167–169, 170, 203–204, 232, 243

needles, 159, 179, 239Neff, Hector, 113, 139night sun, 214obsidian, 40, 44, 52, 157, 159, 160, 177, 189, 195, 232,

238–239, 240–242ocelots, 53, 179Pacbitun, 160Paddler Gods, 216Palenque, 55, 104, 163, 207, 213, 214, 218; Temple of

the Foliated Cross, 211, 219, 220pearls, 164, 232peccaries, 50, 142, 144, 154, 244, 248, 249Pedregal Modeled ceramic type, 78, 82, 83Pendergast, David M., 195Pennsylvania State University, 105Pérez, Griselda, 27petate. See matPeten 14, 16, 20, 45, 113, 137, 183, 207, 214Piedra Labrada, 104Piedrasanta, Rony, 20Piedras Negras, 52, 86, 96, 207, 219, 220, 221plaques, 21, 52, 171, 173, 234, 236–237Pomona, 214Popol Vuh, 217Principal Bird Deity (PBD), 22, 90, 91, 94, 214, 215Pring, Duncan C., 137Proskouriakoff, Tatiana, 21, 219psychoduct, 14, 23, 54, 55Pucte ceramic group, 82, 100, 107pulque, 141pyrite, 86, 146, 157, 160, 194, 244, 245quadripartite badge, 90quails, 24, 134, 177quartz, 203, 236, 251quatrefoil, 88, 89, 94, 132Quintal ceramic group, 82, 83, 117, 145Quirigua, 91rattles, 123, 163, 165, 167, 169, 177reservoir (aguada), 19residues, 46, 94, 100, 108, 113, 123, 128, 137, 141, 144,

231, 242, 245, 247, 255 Río Azul, 14, 52, 106, 219Rubinstein, Alexa, 36San Bartolo, 22, 23, 212, 214, 215, 217, 220, 221San Benito, 27San Diego, 214San Jerónimo, 241San Pedro Mártir River, 16Saquij ceramic phase, 82–83scaffolds, 23, 218–221, 233

IndexTemple of the Night Sun 286

Temple of the Night Sun 288

Scott, David A., 239shells, 14, 23, 26, 48, 52, 53, 86, 124, 160, 163, 164–170,

177, 200, 203, 217, 232, 238, 243, 245, 247, 249, 251Sihyaj Chan K’awiil, 214, 215Sihyaj K’ahk’, 104Simon, Katie, 36Smith, B. Holly, 197Smith, Robert E., 106Spondylus, 21, 48, 52, 53, 163, 164, 165–167, 217, 232, 243Stanzione, Vincent, 214Str. F8-1 (El Zotz), 14, 17, 18, 21, 26, 32–34, passim Str. F8-1-1st (Upper Temple), 32, 34, 71, 77–78, 81, 231 Str. F8-1-2nd (Middle Temple), 32, 34, 71–77, 78, 81, 211, 231 Str. F8-1-Sub.1A (Shrine), 14, 24, 26, 32, 34, 39, 58,

60, 63–64, 67, 69, 71, 73, 74, 81, 211, 231 Str. F8-1-Sub.1B (Temple of the Night Sun, front chamber), 34, 59–63, passim Str. F8-1-Sub.1C (Temple of the Night Sun, rear chamber), 34, 58, passim Str. F8-1-Sub.2 (Red Temple), 34, 38–39Stuart, David, 22, 213, 219stucco objects, 105, 146, 147–156, 243, 244, 245, 248–249subadult remains in caches, 46, 48, 51, 64, 67, 96, 115,

117, 124, 145, 165, 170, 181, 182, 183, 184–189, 190–192, 195, 196–207, 231, 232, 242

Sun God, 22, 91, 209, 213, 214, 215, 217, 232–233. See also Mask 3

Takalik Abaj, 212tamales (waaj), 55, 100, 163, 232, 240Taube, Karl, 22, 89, 91, 219, 231teem. See bierTemple of the Night Sun. See Str. F8-1Teotihuacan, 14, 87, 104, 212, 215, 231, 233Tepeu ceramic phase, 14textiles, 50, 86, 96, 100, 162, 163, 179, 203, 212, 231, 239,

245, 247, 249, 259–263Tikal, 12, 14, 16, 20, 40, 52, 82, 83, 86, 87, 96, 98, 100, 104,

105, 110, 113, 121, 137, 144, 145, 159, 163, 164, 207, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 221, 231, 232

tinklers, 232, 234Tlaloc, 215, 218Tombs Tomb 1, Str. III (Calakmul), 14, 96, 163 Tomb 1, Str. C1 (Río Azul), 14 Tomb 4 (Balamku), 14 Tomb 5 (Balamku), 14, 137 Tomb 19, Str. C1 (Río Azul), 14, 52 Tomb 23, Str. C1 (Río Azul), 14 Tomb B-1, Mound B (Kaminaljuyu), 14 Tomb B-4/7 (Altun Ha), 22, 162, 163, 195 Tombs 1–3, Temple of the Cross (Palenque), 163 See also Copan, El Diablo TombTonina, 215, 218

toso, 151turtles, 50, 124, 128, 232Tzakol ceramic phase, 38, 83Uaxactun, 20, 21, 82, 83, 96, 100, 106, 110, 134, 137,

144, 177Ubelaker, Douglas H., 197University of Pennsylvania Museum, 160Uolantun, 211Urita Gouged-Incised ceramic type (Balanza

Group), 21, 82, 88, 121, 124Valdés, Juan Antonio, 20, 21VanKirk, Jacques, 79Vaughan, Patrick, 241Verano, John, 207vessels (in El Diablo tomb) Vessel 1, 48, 50, 88–94, 121, 131, 132, 142, 144 Vessel 2, 38, 46, 48, 96, 115, 197, 259 Vessel 3, 46, 50, 98–100, 107, 108, 119, 163, 259 Vessel 4, 46, 50, 100, 105, 107, 108 Vessel 5, 103–105, 132 Vessel 6, 105–106, 107, 132 Vessel 7, 46, 50, 100, 107, 108, 110 Vessel 8, 46, 50, 108–110, 162 Vessel 9, 50, 110–113, 139 Vessel 10, 48, 113 Vessel 11, 46, 48, 113, 115, 117, 119, 124, 197, 198,

263 Vessel 12, 46, 48, 50, 51, 117, 200 Vessel 13, 46, 48, 51, 87, 117, 119, 124, 202 Vessel 14, 46, 50, 119, 131, 163 Vessel 15, 48, 50, 121–123, 124, 128, 138, 139, 142, 144 Vessel 16, 46, 48, 124, 131, 145, 170, 198, 200, 203, 263 Vessel 17, 48, 50, 124–128, 138 Vessel 18, 50, 88, 91, 106, 121, 131–134, 135, 137, 142, 144, 177, 243 Vessel 19, 48, 106, 123, 134, 135–137, 142, 144 Vessel 20, 50, 113, 128, 138–141, 142 Vessel 21, 48, 141, 162, 240 Vessel 22, 50, 121, 134, 138, 142–144 Vessel 23, 46, 48, 50, 51, 124, 138, 145, 205, 206waaj. See tamaleswasps, 27, 44–45wood, 27, 50, 51, 52, 53, 58, 63, 76, 86, 87, 104, 105,

108, 117, 137, 146, 147, 148–151, 154, 156, 163, 164, 203, 206, 245, 247, 248, 249, 253, 255

Xipe Totec, 218Yax Ehb Xook, 14Yax Nuun Ahiin I, 207Yax Pahsaj, 218Yo’nal Ahk, 52Yucatan, 58Zapotec, 177zuhuy ha’, 113, 141