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www.Farm-N.dk. Estimation of N-surplus and -losses in Denmark using ’Farm-N’. Dept. for Agroecology, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences. Motivation. Legislation on the losses of N to the environment nitrates (EU Nitrates Directive) ammonia (EU National Emissions Ceilings Directive) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries
Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences
Estimation of N-surplus and -losses in Denmark using ’Farm-N’
Dept. for Agroecology, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences
www.Farm-N.dk
Ib Sillebak Kristensen
Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries
Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences
Motivation
• Legislation on the losses of N to the environment – nitrates (EU Nitrates Directive)
– ammonia (EU National Emissions Ceilings Directive)
– nitrous oxide (Kyoto agreement)
• Farm N surplus is good environmental indicator
• Farm N surpluses can be calculated fairly accurately and reliably
Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries
Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences
Herd Animals
Milk
Manure
Manure
Manurestorage
Manure from storage
Cash crops
Manure fromgrazing
Input-output = Farm gate surplus
N2-fixation
Fertilizer
Field
Concentrate
GrazingSilage, grain& straw (net)
Nitrogen flow on farm
Fields
Cattle / Pigs
Inputs Outputs
Losses
Farm
N-flows, [kg N/ha] +/- standard deviation
Farm Dairy LSU/ha= 1,9Inputs Outputs
Herd , 190 LSU 48 +/- 1 MilkFeed 105 +/- 4 N-surplusHerd = 204 +/- 5
N-effHerd = 61 / 260 = 23% 13 +/- 1 MeatBedding 4 +/- 1
Total 155 +/- 29N-lossManure 24
179 +/- 28
Field = 100 HaN-surplusField = 143 +/- 41
Fertilizer 72 +/- 4 N-effField = 155 / 299 = 52% 0 +/- 0 Crops
Fixation 32 +/- 8
Deposition 16 +/- 5
Total inputs 228 +/- 11 N-surplusFarm gate = 168 +/- 11 Total outputs 61 +/- 2
N-effFarm gate = 61 / 228 = 27%
N-flows, [kg N/ha] +/- standard deviation
Farm Dairy LSU/ha= 1,9Inputs Outputs
Herd , 190 LSU 48 +/- 1 MilkFeed 105 +/- 4 N-surplusHerd = 204 +/- 5
N-effHerd = 61 / 260 = 23% 13 +/- 1 MeatBedding 4 +/- 1
Total 155 +/- 29N-lossManure 24
179 +/- 28
Field = 100 HaN-surplusField = 143 +/- 41
Fertilizer 72 +/- 4 N-effField = 155 / 299 = 52% 0 +/- 0 Crops
Fixation 32 +/- 8
Deposition 16 +/- 5
Total inputs 228 +/- 11 N-surplusFarm gate = 168 +/- 11 Total outputs 61 +/- 2
N-effFarm gate = 61 / 228 = 27%
Reliable
Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries
Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences
The tool
• A whole-farm model for N flow
• Focus on the interaction between crop and livestock production
• Static model, results represent average situation
• Deterministic, so the same input produces the same output
• Underlying assumption: Nutrient quota used to regulate management.
• Desired feature: Best possible management
• As simple as possible
Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries
Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences
Farm Field Rotation Cattle Pig Manure Balance Results Doc
Farm-N
Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries
Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences
Field
Rotation 1Arable rotation with grass/clover ley
Rotation 2Continuous maize
Farm-N
Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries
Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences
Crop rotation
Optimized crop rotation
with respect to- maximum yield- minimum N-surplus
subject to- repeating crop sequence- same crop acreage each year- ad hoc rules
Farm-N
Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries
Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences
Cattle
BreedCategoriesNumbersFeeding regimeProduction levelEfficiencyHousing type
Farm-N
Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries
Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences
Pigs
CategoriesNumbersFeeding regimeProduction levelEfficiencyHousing type
Farm-N
Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries
Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences
Manure
Optimized manure application
with respect to- maximum utilization
subject to- fields allowed to receive manure- crop-specific utilization rates
Farm-N
Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries
Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences
Balance of field – livestock interactions
Produced - used - losses + bought – sold = 0
System definitions
Technical coefficients
Rest
Farm-N
Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries
Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences
Results
Farm-N
Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries
Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences
Results
Distribution of Farm gate N-surplus = 168 kg N/ha
Lost of input7%4%1%7%2%3%5%
Farm-N
N-balances on idealized DK dairy farm, 1.9 LSU/ha irrigated sand.
DK dairy
Grass/clover
Maize
Area use, % low N-eff high N-eff
-grass/clover 30% 70% 30%
-maize 20% 0% 35%
N-import, N ha-1
-feed 109 91 79
-mineral N 72 100 80
-fixation + dep. 48 89 47
N-export, N ha-1 -61 -61 -61
Farm N-balance 168 220 145
N-losses on idealized DK dairy farms, irr. sand. kg N ha-1
DK dairy
Grass/ Clover
Low N-eff
Maize
High N-eff
Farm N-balance 168 220
145
N-losses
-amm. vol. 31 34 28
-denitrification 17 23 18
-acc. soil-N 49 84 53
-leaching 71 79 47
N-losses on idealized DK dairy farms, irr. sand, kg N ha-1
DK dairy
Grass/ clover
low N-eff
Maize
high N-eff
Farm N-balance 168 220 145
N-losses
-amm. vol. 31 34 28
-denitrification 17 23 18
-acc. soil-N (low C/N) 49 (38) 84 (73) 53 (41)
-leaching(low C/N) 71 (82) 79 (89) 47 (57)
Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries
Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences
Conclusions
• A web-based prototype is available• Uses data available to the farmer• Negotiations with Danish authorities on its
use for screening environmental impacts
Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries
Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences
Future developments
• Farm P balance ?• Data import from farm management programs
?• Online collaboration on system definitions
(farmer, adviser, regulation authority) ?• Internationalisation ?
Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries
Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences
www.farm-N.dk/FarmNTool
Herd Animals
Milk
Manure
Manure
Manurestorage
Manure from storage
Cash crops
Manure fromgrazing
Input-output = Farm gate surplus
N2-fixation
Fertilizer
Field
Rouhage+ grain for fodder
Straw
Storage:-rouhage-grain-straw
Concentrate
GrazingSilage, grain& straw (net)
N-flows, [kg N/ha] +/- standard deviation
Farm Dairy LSU/ha= 1,9Inputs High C/N Outputs
Herd , 190 LSU 48 +/- 1 MilkFeed 105 +/- 4 N-surplusHerd = 204 +/- 5
N-effHerd = 61 / 260 = 23% 13 +/- 1 MeatBedding 4 +/- 1
Total 155 +/- 29Grazed 45 +/- 13 N-lossManure 24Conserved 85 +/- 25Grain 26 +/- 2 0 +/- 0 Manure
179 +/- 28
Manure 0 +/- 0 Field = 100 Ha 0 +/- 0 GrainN-surplusField = 143 +/- 41
Fertilizer 72 +/- 4 N-effField = 155 / 299 = 52% 0 +/- 0 Crops
Fixation 32 +/- 8
Deposition 16 +/- 5
Total inputs 228 +/- 11 N-surplusFarm gate = 168 +/- 11 Total outputs 61 +/- 2
N-effFarm gate = 61 / 228 = 27%
N-flows, [kg N/ha] +/- standard deviation
Farm Max grass/clover LSU/ha= 1,9Inputs Outputs
Herd , 190 LSU 48 +/- 1 MilkFeed 55 +/- 2 N-surplusHerd = 207 +/- 3
N-effHerd = 61 / 261 = 23% 13 +/- 1 MeatBedding 7 +/- 1
Total = 205 +/- 42Grazed = 89 +/- 26 N-lossManure 21
Conserved = 111 +/- 33Grain = 6 +/- 1 0 +/- 0 Manure
186 +/- 29
Manure 0 +/- 0 Field = 100 Ha 0 +/- 0 GrainN-surplusField = 169 +/- 55
Fertilizer 100 +/- 5 N-effField = 205 / 375 = 55% 0 +/- 0 Crops
Fixation 73 +/- 18
Deposition 16 +/- 5
Total inputs 251 +/- 20 N-surplusFarm gate = 191 +/- 20 Total outputs 61 +/- 2
N-effFarm gate = 61 / 251 = 24%
N-flows, [kg N/ha] +/- standard deviation
Farm Max. maize & W/C LSU/ha= 1,9Inputs Outputs
Herd , 190 LSU 48 +/- 1 MilkFeed 95 +/- 4 N-surplusHerd = 207 +/- 4
N-effHerd = 61 / 260 = 23% 13 +/- 1 MeatBedding 7 +/- 1
Total 165 +/- 40Grazed 25 +/- 7 N-lossManure 25Conserved 133 +/- 39Grain 8 +/- 1 0 +/- 0 Manure
182 +/- 29
Manure 0 +/- 0 Field = 100 Ha 0 +/- 0 GrainN-surplusField = 144 +/- 30
Fertilizer 80 +/- 4 N-effField = 165 / 309 = 53% 0 +/- 0 Crops
Fixation 31 +/- 8
Deposition 16 +/- 5
Total inputs 230 +/- 11 N-surplusFarm gate = 169 +/- 11 Total outputs 61 +/- 2
N-effFarm gate = 61 / 230 = 26%
N-flows, [kg N/ha] +/- standard deviation
Farm Arable, irrigated LSU/ha= 0,5Inputs Outputs
Herd , 50 LSU 0 +/- 0 MilkFeed 86 +/- 3 N-surplusHerd = 55 +/- 4
N-effHerd = 31 / 86 = 36% 31 +/- 1 MeatBedding 0 +/- 0
0 +/- 0N-lossManure 9
0 +/- 0 Manure
46,3 +/- 7
Manure 0 +/- 0 Field = 100 Ha 90,6 +/- 9 GrainN-surplusField = 92 +/- 14
Fertilizer 119 +/- 6 N-effField = 91 / 183 = 50% 0 +/- 0 Crops
Fixation 2 +/- 0
Deposition 16 +/- 5
Total inputs 223 +/- 9 N-surplusFarm gate = 101 +/- 12 Total outputs 121 +/- 9
N-effFarm gate = 121 / 223 = 55%
N-flows, [kg N/ha] +/- standard deviation
Farm Pig, sand LSU/ha= 1,4Inputs Outputs
Herd , 140 LSU 0 +/- 0 MilkFeed 244 +/- 10 N-surplusHerd = 155 +/- 10
N-effHerd = 89 / 244 = 36% 89 +/- 4 MeatBedding 0 +/- 0
0 +/- 0N-lossManure 25
0 +/- 0 Manure
130 +/- 21
Manure 0 +/- 0 Field = 100 Ha 90,8 +/- 9 GrainN-surplusField = 110 +/- 23
Fertilizer 54 +/- 3 N-effField = 91 / 201 = 45% 0 +/- 0 Crops
Fixation 2 +/- 0
Deposition 16 +/- 5
Total inputs 315 +/- 11 N-surplusFarm gate = 136 +/- 15 Total outputs 180 +/- 9
N-effFarm gate = 180 / 315 = 57%
Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries
Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences
http://www.Farm-N.DK/
Litteraturliste
Berntsen, J. and Petersen, B. M. 2005: C-TOOL, Danish version see http://web.agrsci.dk/jbe/bin/ctool.html. Jørgensen, M. S., Detlefsen, N., and Hutchings, N. J. 2005: FarmN: A Decision Support Tool for Managing Nitrogen Flow at the Farm Level. EFITA (European Federation for Information Technology in Agriculture, Food and the Environment) konferencen, Vila Real, Portugal, 25.-27. juli-2005. http://130.226.173.223/farmn/FarmNTool.pdf 1-7. Kristensen, I. S. 2005a: Nitrogen balance from cash crop farms (2002). http://www.lcafood.dk/processes/agriculture/N_balance_cash_crop_farms_2002.htm. Kristensen, I. S. 2005b: Nitrogen balance from dairy farms (2002). http://www.lcafood.dk/processes/agriculture/N_balance_dairyfarms_2002.htm#table_1. Kristensen, I. S. 2005c: Nitrogen balance from pig farms (2002). http://www.lcafood.dk/processes/agriculture/N_balance_pigfarms_2002.htm. Kristensen, I. S. 2005d: Uncertanties on Farm Gate N-balances, see. http://www.agrsci.org/afdelinger/forskningsafdelinger/jpm/medarbejdere/isk/oversigtsside_med_publikationer. Kristensen, I. S., Detlefsen, N., Hutchings, N., and Petersen, B. M. 2005: Documentation of the used coefficients in Farm-N. http://130.226.173.223/farmn/Documentation%20of%20the%20used%20coefficients%20in%20Farm.pdf. Petersen, B. M. and Berntsen, J. 2003: The turnover of soil organic matter on different farm types. http://www.darcof.dk/enews/sep03/orgmat.html. DARCOF.eNews. September 2003.