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Essentials of SociologyFifth Edition
Chapter Three
SocializationThis multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law:any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program.
Copyright © 2004 by Allyn and Bacon
Copyright © 2004 by Allyn and Bacon 2
Socialization
A process people go through to learn societal expectations
Society makes us human
Copyright © 2004 by Allyn and Bacon 3
What is human about human nature?
How many of our characteristics come
from “nature” (heredity) and how many
from “nurture” (the social environment)?
Copyright © 2004 by Allyn and Bacon 4
Examples of the importance of socialization
Kinglsey’s case study of Isabelle (language)
Skeels and Dye’s experiment with institutionalized orphans (IQ)
Pine’s case study of Genie (bonding) Harlow’s experiment with rhesus
monkeys (critical learning stage)
Copyright © 2004 by Allyn and Bacon 5
Cooley’s Looking Glass Self
Charles Horton Cooley stated we develop a self by interacting with others.
The Looking Glass Self—the process by which a self develops.
Copyright © 2004 by Allyn and Bacon 6
Mead’sRole Taking
Children learn to take the role of others.• Learned during play
Significant other Generalized other
Copyright © 2004 by Allyn and Bacon 7
Agents of Socialization
Agents of socialization— people and groups that influence our self-concept, emotions, attitudes, and behavior.
The family The neighborhood Religion Day care School and Peer
groups Sports The workplace
Copyright © 2004 by Allyn and Bacon 8
Agents of socialization
Break into pairs/groups. Each will be assigned one agent of socialization (refer to pages 67-71). Discuss how and why this institution socializes us then share with others.
Copyright © 2004 by Allyn and Bacon 9
Socialization into Gender
Gender socialization—the ways in which society sets children onto different courses in life because they are male or female.
Copyright © 2004 by Allyn and Bacon 10
Socialization into Gender
Gender- your sex is determined physically, your gender is a culture’s way of identifying your sex (masculine/feminine)
Gender identity- the fundamental sense of being male or female
Gender typing- society’s ideas about being male or female
Copyright © 2004 by Allyn and Bacon 11
Gender messages in the family
Susan Goldberg and Michael Lewis• laboratory observation with mothers and
their 6 month old infants
Do strangers treat babies differently if they think the baby is a boy or girl?
Copyright © 2004 by Allyn and Bacon 12
Socialization into Emotions
Universal emotions Expression of emotions vary by
culture, class and gender
Copyright © 2004 by Allyn and Bacon 13
Are We Prisonersof Socialization?
Sociologists do not think of people as robots.
Socialization is powerful, but the self is dynamic.
Each of us is actively involved in the social construction of the self.