Essential to ManufacturingEssential to Manufacturing

Measurements•What is measurement?

•What is a measurement system?

•How many systems of measurement are there?

•What do measurement tools look like and how are they used?

•What role does measurement have in manufacturing?

Measurements

• the act or process of assigning numbers to phenomena (any event that is observable, however commonplace it might be), to describe it, according to a rule. It normally requires the use of instruments to observe it.

Measurements• Name what we measure. Give an example.

• Distances – How far, how long, how tall, etc.• Sizes – shoes, clothes, hats• Area – Acres, square feet• Volume – engine sizes, (cubic liters).

Liquids – Gasoline and water are sold by the gallon, Cola bottles are in both liters and

ounces.Gases – Oxygen, Helium, Nitrogen (sold in tanks)

• Weights – our own, buying vegetables, • Time – seconds, minutes, hours, days, etc.• Combinations – Miles per gallon

Measurement Systems

• Two systems of measurement used today:

•The English System (the oldest)

•The Metric System (used world-wide)

• Both are still used today despite an effort to convert all measurement in the US to metric starting in the early 1970s.

English/Metric ConversionAssignment

• With both systems in use in the US, sometimes there will be a need to compare or convert one to the other. With that in mind, take the worksheet provided, find a website that converts metric and English measurements and complete the worksheet.

Metric System Measurements

Distance•Millimeter•Centimeter

•Meter•Kilometer

Volume•Liter

•Cubic Meter

Weight• Gram

•Kilogram•Metric ton

Area Square Meter

Square Kilometer

1. What is measurement?

A. Mathematical formula

B. The process of assigning numbers to something by rule, to describe it.

C. A way to make something

D. None of the above

2. The two systems of measurement are…

A. Feet and inches

B. Meter and Kilometer

C. Metric and English

D. French and German

3. A measurement of distance in the English System is…

A. Feet and inches

B. Meter and Kilometer

C. Gallon

D. Pounds

4. A measurement of weight in the English System is…

A. Feet and inches

B. Meter and Kilometer

C. Gallon

D. Pounds

5. A measurement of volume in the English System is…

A. Feet and inches

B. Meter and Kilometer

C. Gallon

D. Pounds

6. A measurement of distance in the Metric System is…

A. Feet and inches

B. Meter and Kilometer

C. Gallon

D. Pounds

7. A measurement of volume in the Metric System is…

A. Gallon

B. Meter and Kilometer

C. Liter

D. Feet and inches

8. The smallest measurement of distance in the Metric System is…

A. Millimeter

B. Centimeter

C. Meter

D. Yard

Measuring Distance in English

Using a measuring tool called a ruler

Where did it come from?

Why 12 inches?

The King’s Foot

One Foot

The King’s Foot

One FootToo big for some things...

...So they used the length of the King’s first knuckle

One Inch

Why 12 inches not 10 or 13?

Simply because it took 12 lengths of his first knuckle to equal his foot.

...So they used the length of the King’s first knuckle

One InchBut that was too big for some other things...

...So they cut the inches into fractions (a part less than

the whole)On an English system ruler all of the fractions are made by cutting the previous measurement in half, so the numerator (bottom) is going to be even. When you divide something in half, you’re dividing it by 2, so it should be even.

If you divide one thing in half, now you’ve got two parts, If you take those halves and cut them in half again, you now have four parts and so on.

Remember the “magic number” - 2

In math you can write 1 divided by 2 like this:12

So what’s half of that? How do you divide a fraction by 2? You multiply the denominator by 2! Half of one half is:

14

Half of that is 1/8, half of that: 1/16, half of that 1/32 and so on and so on

9. The common distance measuring tool used in the English system is called a..

A. GPS

B. Measuring Stick

C. Meter Stick

D. Ruler

10. An English foot has how many inches?

A. 12

B. 10

C. 36

D. 24

11. Who’s foot was the “standard” for the original measurement?

A. The President of the US

B. The King of France

C. The King of England

D. No one. Everyone just used their own foot.

12. Why 12 inches in a foot?

A. Sounds better than 13

B. It took 12 fingertips to equal the length of the king’s foot.

C. Someone just made it up

D. Even numbers are easier to remember

13. What do we call the marks on an English ruler between the inches?

A. Feet

B. Centimeters

C. Divisions

D. Fractions

14. How many fractions are normally found between the inches on an English ruler?

A. 12

B. 16

C. 24

D. 36

...That’s exactly how they made the fractions

between the inches.

1/2 1/4

...So they cut the inches into fractions

1/2 1/4 1/8 and 1/16

You should have noticed that as the fractions got

smaller, so did the length of the lines between the

whole numbers. That helps to identify a half from the fourths and so

on.

If you don’t remember what the fraction is just

by looking at the, you can always count the number

of lines between the whole numbers. If there are 16, then your ruler is divided into sixteenths.

..then you can do the math to determine the

fraction.

If you counted 10 lines from the whole number, that would be 10 sixteenths. Here’s where that “magic number 2” comes in.

To get the fraction to it’s lowest possible denominator DIVIDE both numbers in the fraction by 2 and keep doing it until the top number is odd.

10 = 5 Top number’s odd so 10/16 = 5/816 8

If the fraction comes between two whole numbers like 1 and 2, then the measurement is the first whole number and the fraction in this case it would be 1 and 5/8ths

There are two ways you will be expected to

measure1. Take your ruler and measure an existing

object. Ex: Measure an existing line

2. Make something new by making an exact measurement, Ex: Draw a line an exact length

15. Name this measurement

A. 1/2

B. 1/3

C. 1/4

D. 5/16

16. Name this measurement

A. 3/4

B. 3/8

C. 1-3/4

D. 2-3/4

To create a measurement you have to reverse the

previous trick. What if you have to draw a line that is exactly ¾” long? If you

don’t know by looking at the lines, You have to make ¾ into 16ths so you can find it on the ruler.

Before you divided both by 2, this time you have to MULTIPLY both by 2 until you have 16ths

3 = 6 = 12 Denominator is 16ths so 3/4 = 12/16ths4 8 16

If the measurement has a whole number before the fraction like 12, then the measurement is 12 inches and the fraction in this case it would be 12 and 12/16ths

Now, you try it…

With your ruler, complete the two measuring assignments by accurately measuring and writing the answer next to the line and then draw lines exactly as long as the measurements provided.

The Metric ruler is much different. Everything is

based on 10

10mm (millimeters) = 1cm (centimeter)100cm= 1m (meter)1m = 100cm    (cm = centimeter, cent means 100)1m = 1000mm  (mm = millimeter, mil means 1000)

The Metric Ruler

17. Name this measurement

A. 3.5mm

B. 35mm

C. 3-1/2 in

D. 35cm

18. On a metric ruler what measurement is numbered?

A. Millimeters

B. Centimeters

C. Meters

D. Yards

19. Which is the larger measurement?

A. 1 meter

B. 1 yard

C. 305 millimeters

D. 24 inches

20. Which device is used for precision measurements?

A. Tape measure

B. Ruler

C. Odometer

D. Micrometer

How good are you?Go to: www.rsinnovative.com/rulergame

You must show your instructor your score. Keep trying to get a better score!!

Some production requires precision measurements

and that requires precision measuring instruments

Engines and many other car parts have to fit as close to perfect as possible. That means

measurements to thousandths of an inch or millimeter

Micrometers are precision measuring devices

This device measures in metric dimensions. It can measure to one thousandth of a mm.

That’s .001mm

Why is precision measurement so important

in manufacturing?

End Unit 7 Measurements

1. B

2. C

3. A

4. D

5. C

6. B

7. C

8. A

9. D

10.A

11.C

12.B

13.D

14.B

15.C

16.C

17.B

18.B

19.A

20.D