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Essential technologies andconcepts for home networks

Yasuo Tan

Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

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Topics

• Home networks– Architecture– Components– Examples

• Ethernet family– Old and modern Ethernet

• IEEE1394– Serial bus technology– Isochronous transfer– Protocol stacks

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Home networks

• A network in home– Internet to home– Network of home appliances– New networked devices

• Huge market• Severe requirements

– Cost– Safety– Ease of use

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3 types of home networks

• Audio Visual (A/V)– TV, Audio– Video, Camera

• Amenity– Air conditioning– Security– Bathroom– Health check

• Information– Telephone, FAX– Internet (WWW, mail)

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Audio Visual home network

• Network of A/V equipments– Tuner– VCR, DVD Player– Audio set

• Broadcasting and communication between equipments• One way or Bi-directional• Very high bit rate (100Mbps - 1Gbps)• Home area (control from wide area)• HAVi, VESA Home Network

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Amenity home network

• Environment management for residence(Home automation)– Air conditioning– Security– Bathroom– Health check

• Control• Bi-directional• Low bit rate (9600bps - 15Mbps)• Home area (access from wide area)• X10, LonWorks, CEBus, Echonet

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Information home network

• Originates from telephone– Telephone, Video-phone– FAX, e-mail– WWW, streaming

• Communication• Bi-directional• High bit rate (64kbps - 100Mbps)• Wide area

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VESA Home Network

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VESA Home Network

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HAVi

• Network of A/V equipments• IEEE1394 as the network cabling and transport

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HAVi

• device class– Full AV (FAV)– Intermediate AV (IAV)– Base AV (BAV)– Legacy AV (LAV)

• Java• Object oriented

modeling

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Echonet

• Energy consumption• Health care for seniors

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Echonet

• Proposed vision of the Echonet

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Echonet

• Scope of Echonet development

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Echonet

• Applications

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Echonet

• Gateways

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Echonet

• Gateway architecture

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Components of home networks

• Different types of networks• Gateways between heterogeneous networks• Application servers• Connection to external networks• Network security

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Service location

• Location of the service must be discovered before use• URL and DNS are the most powerful tools in the

Internet

• Plug and play, zero administrative work is required in home networks

• Peer to peer communication/application is required for home appliances

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Jini

• Service lookup and software(driver) download mechanism for home appliances

• Java, RMI, Java spaces• Service• Federation• Lookup service• Discovery and Join• http://www.sun.com/jini

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Jini

lookup service

(1)service retrieval (2)notification of reques t

(3)download of programs (drivers )

(4)serviceclient service

lookup service

client service

(1)advertisement of attached locat ion(2)detect ion

(3)response (Discovery)

(4)registration of service information (Join)

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Network protocol stacks

applicationtransportnetworkdatalinkphysical

applicationpresentationsessiontransportnetworkdatalinkphysical

application

transport

network

physical

OSI 5 Layer TCP/IP

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Physical and Datalink for HN(wired)

LengthSpeedWire

5m12 Mbps (V.1.1)480 Mbps (V.2.0)

STPUSB

100-500 m10, 100, 1000 Mbps10 Gbps (SM -Fibre)

UTP, co-ax, telephone line, Fibre

Ethernet

4.5 – 100 m100, 200, 400 Mbps-3.2 Gbps

UTP, co-ax, POF, MM-Fibre

IEEE1394

100-200 m10 Mbpsco-ax cable for TVCable Modem

hundreds of meters50/60 Kbpspower lineX-10

hundreds of meters14 Mbpspower lineHomePlug

150m (V.1.0)30m (V.2.0)

1 Mbps (V.1.0)2 Mbps (V.2.0)

telephone line (2w)HomePNA

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Physical and Datalink for HN(wireless)

DistanceSpeedBand

100 m (?)35 Mbps5GHiSWANa(ARIB STD-T70)

100 m (?)70 Mbps5GWireless 1394(ARIB STD-T72)

100 m (?)54 Mbps2.4GIEEE802.11g

100 m54 Mbps5GIEEE802.11a

100m11 Mbps2.4GIEEE802.11b

10m1 Mbps (V.1.1)2.4GBluetooth

50m0.8/1.6 Mbps (V.1.2)2.4GHomeRF

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Physical and Datalink for HN

• Cost – new cabling system or not

• Ease of use – physical strength, connector– plug and play

• Speed– maximum speed– total speed (bridging, switching, or shared media)– QoS control

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Ethernet

• Packet switching– Variable length frame based communication– MAC address on each frame

• Old Ethernet– Shared media (CSMA/CD)– 10 Mbps– Co-ax cable

• Modern Ethernet– Dedicated media with switching hub (multi-port bridge)– 100-1000 Mbps– UTP cable

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old Ethernet

host A host B

host C

MAC A MAC B

MAC C

MAC A MAC B data

host A host B

host C

MAC A MAC B

MAC C

host DMAC D

host DMAC D

MAC D MAC C data

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modern Ethernet

host A

host B

host C

MAC A

MAC B

MAC C

MAC A MAC B data

host D

MAC D

P1

P2

P3

P4

Buffer

CPU

CAM

MAC D MAC C data

D4

C3

B2

A1

hosts (MAC address)

portSwitching Hub

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VLAN

• Priority and multiplexing on a link7 1 6 6 2 46-1500 4

7 1 6 6 2 2 2 46-1500 4

Start Frame Delimiter 10101011

preamble (10101010)

des tination address source address length data

Frame Check Sequence (CRC)

LSB MSB

order of transmit

transmitted from LSB in each octets

preamble (10101010)

des tination address source address length data

Start Frame Delimiter 10101011

Frame Check Sequence (CRC)

Tag Protocol Identifier 802.1Qtag type 8100H

Tag Control Information

Tag Control Information

User Priority

Canonical Format Indicator

VLAN IdentifierVLAN Identifier 0 : only 802.1p priority is used (no VLAN) 1-4095 : VLAN ID (1 for default VL AN) 4095 : reserved

Canonical Format Indicator a flag that shows this frame contains a source routing when bridged from 802.5 to 802.3

User Priority priori ty of 802.1p

in byte

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Ethernet

• Evolved to quite different technology• Scalable from 10 Mbps to 10 Gbps• Same frame format and compatibility• Plug and play with hardware (MAC) address• Priority and QoS control in bridged network• Huge install base (low cost)• Ethernet in the First Mile (EFM)

– Ethernet frame on the telephone line– Under development in the IEEE802.3ah task force

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IEEE1394

• High performance serial bus– IEEE1394 -1995– IEEE1394a -2000

• "Not a Network" (slide 7) but used as a network now• Compatible with other busses (slide 8, 9)• Shares memory space• Live attach and detach• Low cost, High performance, and Unsupervised

communication channel• Isochronous and Asynchronous communication• Fair arbitration for Asynchronous communication

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Addressing of IEEE1394

• 64bit IEEE1212 addressing• Shares one address space with all devices• Specifies the location of register/memory in each device

Bus # node # resis ter space(FFFFF) resister address (0 to FFF FFFF)

10bit 6bit 20bit 28bit

Bus # node # private space(FFFFF) private address (0 to FFF FFFF)

Bus # node # init ial memory space address (0 to FFFF DFFF FFFF)

Address T ype

memory

private

register

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Addressing example

Bus # node # resis ter space(FFFFF) resister address (0 to FFF FFFF)

10bit 6bi t 20bit 28bit

register

Bus #0

Bus #1

Bus #1023 (local bus)

Bus #1022

・ ・ ・

Bus #0

Bus #1

Bus #1023 (local bus)

Bus #1022

・ ・ ・

Private(FFFE)

register(FFFF)

initial memory

space

・ ・ ・

IEEE1212 CSR

Serial Bus

ROM (1K window)

0

512

1024

2048

ini tial units space

256M

1023 (3FF)

63 (3F)

1048575 (FFFFF)

512 (200)

local bus broadcast register space

FFFF FFFF F000 0200 = all CYCLE_TIME registers on local bus

CYCLE_T IME

• slide9

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Real-time traffic

• Real-time traffic (voice, movie) require constant delivery• Data traffic tends to send data at a burst• Data traffic can block the delivery of real-time data

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Isochronous communication

• Slide 4• Reserves the bandwidth before communication• A channel is allocated for each communication• Guaranteed bandwidth and interval• Ideal for video data transfer

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Asynchronous communication

• Ordinary packet communication• Application can use 3 types of transactions

– Write Transaction– Read Transaction– Lock Transaction

• compare swap• mask swap• fetch add• wrap add

• Split transactions are available for read and lock transactions

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Cycle structure of IEEE1394

• Iso and Async on the same bus!• c.f. CSMA/CD of Ethernet

cycle start data = x ch A ch B ch C ch N・・・ packet B packet Cack ack

Isochronous Asynchronous

cycle #i

cycle s tart data = y ch A

cycle #i+1cycle #i-1

packet A ack

time

nominal cycle period (125 micro Sec)

s tart delay x of cycle #i-1 start delay y

of cycle #i

subact ion (long) gaps (10μ)

acknoledge (short) gaps (0.04μ)

Isochronous (short) gaps (0.04μ)

> =

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Fairness Interval

• Fairness in Asynchronous transfer• slide 31, 32• All nodes who has async data take part in the arbitration• Winner is determined based on the ID (which is

dynamically assigned in the boot up process of the bus depending on the topology)

• Once the winner make the asnync communication, it must wait until all other nodes finish their async transfer

• A fairness interval ends when all nodes have done• Fairness interval is independent of the cycle

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Protocol Stack of IEEE1394

• Only the serial bus layer is defined in IEEE1394• Other layers must be developed for each application

classes

Open HCI

bus driver

bus managementdevice driver

serial bus

middle ware

application

transaction layer

link layer

physical layer

hardware

firmw are

application layer

defined in IEEE1394-1995

an example of layer structure

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Video Transfer on IEEE1394recording format

data sequence

digital video recorder transmission

SD/HD/SDL-DVCR MPE G2TS (D-VHS)

AV/C commands and transaction sets

FCP

CMP

PCR CIP layer

transaction layer

link layer

seria

l bu

s m

anag

emen

t

physical layer

SD: Standard Definition FCP : Function Control Protocol CMP : Connection Management Protocol PCR : Plug Control Register SD : Standard Definition HD : High Definition SDL : Standard Definition Long mode DVCR : Digital Video Cassette Recorder

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AV/C

• Control of Audio Visual equipments• A equipment is divided into some logical subunits• Sending a command and receiving its response using

FCP (Function Control Protocol)• Descriptors for Tuner, VCR, Disc, Camera

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IP/1394

• FIFO model• Asynchronous Streams

– Broadcast for IP/1394 nodes only

• 1500byte MTU– 1394 under 200Mbps cannot

carry 1500byte packet– Fragments in "IP1394 layer"

IP packet

encapsulation header

1394 header

IP layer

IP1394 layer

1394 layer

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Discussion

• What is the home network?• What should be the home network?• What kind of upper (layer 3 and above) protocol will fit?• What kind of physical and datalink technology will fit?• How home network can rise your quality of life?• How home network can contribute to solve the social

problems?• When will you get a home network in your home?• What will be the killer application for home networks?• How home network change the human beings?

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Summary

• Home network is a emerging system which will have an impact on our daily life

• Home network requires a bit different technologies than LAN or Internet and will contain some different types of networks in a system

• Ethernet is one of the most reasonable technology for home network datalink/physical layer

• IEEE1394 is quite different technology from packet switching technology like Ethernet, and has some features especially valuable for home networks