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Essential QuestionsEssential Questions
What is the definition of matter?What is the definition of matter? Differentiate between physical and Differentiate between physical and
chemical properties.chemical properties. Illustrate the states of matterIllustrate the states of matter Know the changes of states of matterKnow the changes of states of matter What are the signs that tell you that What are the signs that tell you that
a chemical reaction might be taking a chemical reaction might be taking place?place?
Classification of Classification of MatterMatter
Matter? Matter?
Does it Matter? Does it Matter?
What’s the Matter? What’s the Matter?
So, What is Matter ?So, What is Matter ?
Matter is defined as anything that Matter is defined as anything that has :has :
Mass (inertia Mass (inertia a resistance to change in movement)a resistance to change in movement)
Takes up space (volume)Takes up space (volume)
Physical PropertyPhysical Property
Any quality or condition of a Any quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or substance that can be observed or measured measured without changing the without changing the substances identity.substances identity.Examples: color, solubility, odor, Examples: color, solubility, odor,
hardness, melting point, and statehardness, melting point, and state
Physical States of MatterPhysical States of MatterThere’s 4 of them !There’s 4 of them !
SOLIDS SOLIDS Have definite (or fixed) shape and volumeHave definite (or fixed) shape and volume
The particles in a solid are The particles in a solid are held fairly rigidly in held fairly rigidly in place.place.
Physical States of MatterPhysical States of MatterThere’s 4 of them !There’s 4 of them !
LIQUIDS LIQUIDS Have a definite volume but no fixed shape.Have a definite volume but no fixed shape.
The particles in a liquid are The particles in a liquid are free to flow around free to flow around each othereach other
Physical States of MatterPhysical States of MatterThere’s 4 of them !There’s 4 of them !
GASES GASES Have neither definite or fixed shape or volume.Have neither definite or fixed shape or volume.
The particles in a gas are: The particles in a gas are: widely disbursed,widely disbursed,
interact weakly,interact weakly,
move independently at high move independently at high speed,speed,
and completely fill any container they and completely fill any container they occupy.occupy.
44thth Type of Matter Type of Matter
PLASMAPLASMA Gases whose particles are so hot Gases whose particles are so hot
they have acquired an electrical they have acquired an electrical charge.charge.
Changes of StateChanges of State
Physical Changes in MatterPhysical Changes in Matter
change in a change in a substance that substance that doesn’t doesn’t changechange the the identity of the identity of the substancesubstance
Ex. grinding, Ex. grinding, cutting, melting, cutting, melting, boilingboiling
Includes all changes Includes all changes of stateof state (physical (physical changes of a changes of a substance from one substance from one state to another)state to another)
Chemical Changes in MatterChemical Changes in Matter
a change in which a substance a change in which a substance is is converted into a different substanceconverted into a different substance
same as chemical reactionsame as chemical reaction doesn’t changedoesn’t change the amount of matter the amount of matter
presentpresent reactantsreactants – substances that react – substances that react productsproducts – substances that form – substances that form
Signs of Chemical ChangeSigns of Chemical Change
Energy is always absorbed or given Energy is always absorbed or given offoff
Change in color or odorChange in color or odor Production of a gasProduction of a gas IrreversibilityIrreversibility
Chemical or Physical?Chemical or Physical?
Cookies are bakedCookies are baked Water boilsWater boils Salt dissolves in waterSalt dissolves in water Milk spoilsMilk spoils A metal chair rustsA metal chair rusts Paper is tornPaper is torn A tree burns downA tree burns down
Law of Conservation of MassLaw of Conservation of Mass
In any physical change or chemical In any physical change or chemical reaction, reaction, mass is neither created mass is neither created nor destroyed; it is conserved.nor destroyed; it is conserved.
Law of Conservation of Mass
Total mass of substances before reaction
= Total mass of substance after reaction
From the law of conservation of mass:
Can you find the amount of oxygen that reacts?
Mercury + oxygen red-orange residue
2.53g 2.73g
EQ’s EQ’s How is matter classified?How is matter classified? What are pure substances?What are pure substances? What are mixtures?What are mixtures? What are homogeneous mixtures?What are homogeneous mixtures? What are heterogeneous mixtures?What are heterogeneous mixtures?
A. Matter FlowchartA. Matter Flowchart
MATTER
Can it be physically separated?
Homogeneous Mixture
(solution)
Heterogeneous Mixture Compound Element
MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE
yes no
Can it be chemically decomposed?
noyesIs the composition uniform?
noyes
Colloids Suspensions
Pure SubstancesPure Substances every sample has every sample has
samesame:: characteristic propertiescharacteristic properties compositioncomposition
are made of: are made of: one type of atom: one type of atom:
elementelement• Ex: iron, gold, oxygenEx: iron, gold, oxygen
2 or more types of 2 or more types of atoms: atoms: compoundcompound• Ex: salt, sugar, waterEx: salt, sugar, water
Which are pure substances?Which are pure substances?
MixturesMixtures blend of blend of 2 or more types2 or more types of matter of matter each component each component keeps its own keeps its own
identity and propertiesidentity and properties the components are the components are only physically only physically
mixedmixed can be can be separated using physical separated using physical
meansmeans properties of the mixture are a properties of the mixture are a
combination of the combination of the componenent’s propertiescomponenent’s properties
Homogeneous MixturesHomogeneous Mixtures
also called also called solutionsolution
uniform in uniform in compositioncomposition
no visible partsno visible parts
Ex: Ex: vinegarvinegar clear airclear air salt watersalt water brassbrass
MixturesMixtures
Heterogeneous MixturesHeterogeneous Mixtures
not uniform in not uniform in compositioncomposition
visible partsvisible parts
Ex: Ex: soilsoil concreteconcrete bloodblood chocolate chip chocolate chip
cookiescookies sand in watersand in water iced tea with ice iced tea with ice
Substance or Mixture?Substance or Mixture? A homogeneous mixture A homogeneous mixture
lookslooks like a substance like a substance Is the material in question Is the material in question
always a single kind of always a single kind of material? For instance, there material? For instance, there are different grades of are different grades of gasoline and different kinds gasoline and different kinds of cough syrupof cough syrup
Is the material in question Is the material in question physically separable?physically separable?
EQ’sEQ’s What are five physical What are five physical
separation techniques?separation techniques?
Physical Separation Physical Separation TechniquesTechniques
FiltrationFiltration- solid part - solid part is trapped by filter is trapped by filter paper and the liquid paper and the liquid part runs through the part runs through the paperpaper
VaporizationVaporization- where - where the liquid portion is the liquid portion is evaporated off to evaporated off to leave solidleave solid
Physical Separation Physical Separation TechniquesTechniques
DecantingDecanting- when - when liquid is poured off liquid is poured off after solid has settled after solid has settled to bottomto bottom
CentrifugeCentrifuge- machine - machine that spins a sample that spins a sample very quickly so that very quickly so that components with components with different densities different densities will separatewill separate
Physical Separation Physical Separation TechniquesTechniques
Paper Chromatography-Paper Chromatography- used to used to separate mixtures because different separate mixtures because different parts move quicker on paper than otherparts move quicker on paper than other
Classify the following as a Classify the following as a substance or a mixturesubstance or a mixture
SilverSilver Alphabet soupAlphabet soup Salt waterSalt water Table salt (sodium chloride)Table salt (sodium chloride) Motor oilMotor oil
PracticePracticeDetermine whether each of the following is element, Determine whether each of the following is element,
compound, homogeneous mixture or heterogeneous mixture.compound, homogeneous mixture or heterogeneous mixture.
airair zinczinc chlorinechlorine granitegranite aluminumaluminum sugar in watersugar in water bloodblood sucrosesucrose stainless steelstainless steel sodium chloridesodium chloride
brassbrass whole milkwhole milk appleapple table salttable salt soft drinkssoft drinks vinegarvinegar concreteconcrete sodiumsodium baking soda (NaHCObaking soda (NaHCO33)) gravelgravel
How do you separate different substances How do you separate different substances from a mixture?from a mixture?
You have just been given the latest You have just been given the latest creation of your science teacher. The teacher creation of your science teacher. The teacher presents you with a mixture of presents you with a mixture of sawdust, iron sawdust, iron filings, salt, and sandfilings, salt, and sand. He needs to separate . He needs to separate the mixture and wants your help. You are to the mixture and wants your help. You are to separate the mixture and find the total mass of separate the mixture and find the total mass of each of the substances in the mixture!each of the substances in the mixture!
You are to describe your proposed separation You are to describe your proposed separation plan. Present your plan to your teacher for plan. Present your plan to your teacher for approval. approval.
You will then conduct the experiment and You will then conduct the experiment and separate the mixtureseparate the mixture
Upon completion of the experiment each Upon completion of the experiment each member of the group will submit a final papermember of the group will submit a final paper
The Final Paper Must Include the The Final Paper Must Include the Following:Following:
**Introduction: Define a mixture and Introduction: Define a mixture and properties of the ingredients properties of the ingredients
in this in this mixture mixture
*Materials: List of lab equipment used*Materials: List of lab equipment used
*Procedures: Numbered step by step *Procedures: Numbered step by step procedures to took to separate the procedures to took to separate the
mixture mixture
*Results: Mass of each substance*Results: Mass of each substance
*Conclusion: A description of problems *Conclusion: A description of problems you encountered while conducting the you encountered while conducting the lab lab
Ideas as to how you could improve your Ideas as to how you could improve your methods to better separate each ingredient.methods to better separate each ingredient.