Essential Questions1. Why and how did the French and British interfere with American

ships?

2. How did the impressment of American sailors led to the War of 1812?

3. Why would Native American nations of the west side with the British?

4. What is nationalism and how did it play a part in the United States’ entry into the War of 1812?

5. What role did the “War Hawks” play in the United States going to war against Britain?

6. The Treaty of Ghent showed that there was no winner to the war, but in what ways did the United States change after the War of 1812?

Ch. 8.2 The War of 1812

MAIN IDEAWar breaks out again between the United States and Britain in 1812.

WHY IT MATTERS NOW

The War of 1812 showed that the U.S. was willing and able to protect its national interest.

British and French Rivalries• British blockade

(shutting a port to prevent people or supplies going in or out) of French ports.

• British, France seize American ships.-Confiscate cargoes.

Grievances Against Britain• Impressment –seizing Americans,

drafting them into British navy.• Chesapeake incident further angers

Americans.• Embargo (Gov. order to forbid

foreign trade) declared.-Ban on exports.-meant to hurt European markets.-hurt American economics instead.

Tecumseh’s Confederacy• Shawnee chief tries to

create a confederacy.-tells people to return to traditional beliefs, practices.-Wants to restore Indian lands.

• William Henry Harrison, defeat Native Americans at the Battle of Tippecanoe.

Nationalist War Hawks• War Hawks want war

with Britain. -Impressment of U.S. sailors -natives use British arms. • Madison chooses war.

-British hurting U.S. trade and economy.

The War at Sea• 16 ships, 3

frigates; U.S. Navy wins battles, USS Constitution 1812.

• British continue to blockade U.S. ports.

The War in Canada• U.S. not ready; early British wins.• 1813, Lake Erie, U.S. wins

battles (Oliver Hazard Perry).• N. Americans fight on both sides.

-1813, Battle of Thames River, Tecumseh killed in battle.

Burning of D.C.

• By 1814, British raid and burn towns.

• Burn Wash. D.C. in retaliation for York, Canada.

“The Star-Spangled Banner” • 1814, Francis

Scott Key poem inspired by the battle at Ft. McHenry, Baltimore, MD.

• Becomes national anthem in 1931.

The Battle of New Orleans• Gen. Andrew

Jackson, national hero.-defeats N. Amer. at Battle of Horseshoe Bend, 1813.-destroys N. Amer. military power in the South.-1815, defeats British force in New Orleans.

-Two weeks after peace declared.

The Treaty of Ghent• Signed X-mas, 1814.

-Declared armistice, but doesn’t resolve all issues.

• 1815, trade opens between the two countries.

• 1817, limited war ships on Great Lakes.• 1818, Louisiana Territory set at 49th parallel. • Agree to occupy Oregon Territory jointly for

10 years.

Impact and Legacy• United States becomes increasing self-

sufficient, Industrializing.• Southern and western tribes subdued and

subjected.• Need for a better transportation systems.• Greater sense of nationalism (patriotism).• Break up of two-party system.

-Federalist call for secession (separation)