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Essential QuestionEssential Question
What were the causes What were the causes of the American of the American
Revolution?Revolution?
The French and Indian WarThe French and Indian War
French French TerritorTerritor
yy
Fort BeausejourFort Beausejour
French French TerritorTerritor
yy
Fort LouisbourgFort Louisbourg
French French TerritorTerritor
yy
Port RoyalPort Royal
Who Fought This War?Who Fought This War?
The FrenchThe French
The BritishThe British
The ColonistsThe Colonists
Indian GroupsIndian Groups
French French MovementMovement
French army moved French army moved into western into western Pennsylvania in 1754Pennsylvania in 1754
France wanted to use France wanted to use the Ohio River to the Ohio River to travel to the travel to the Mississippi, then on to Mississippi, then on to New Orleans.New Orleans.
George WashingtonGeorge Washington
Virginia Virginia governor sent governor sent George George Washington to Washington to western western PennsylvaniaPennsylvania
Fort NecessityFort Necessity
Washington Washington quickly built Fort quickly built Fort NecessityNecessity
French attacked French attacked and defeated and defeated WashingtonWashington
Fort NecessityFort Necessity
Fort NecessityFort Necessity
The Albany ConferenceThe Albany Conference
June 1754June 1754
7 colonies sent 7 colonies sent representatives representatives to discuss an to discuss an alliance with the alliance with the Iroquois Indians Iroquois Indians
Albany Plan of UnionAlbany Plan of Union
Proposed by Proposed by Benjamin FranklinBenjamin Franklin
Idea that colonies Idea that colonies unite to form a unite to form a federal governmentfederal government
RejectedRejected
British VictoryBritish Victory
Battle of QuebecBattle of Quebec
Treaty of Treaty of ParisParis
(1763)(1763)
Pontiac’s WarPontiac’s War
Pontiac – chief of Pontiac – chief of the Ottawathe Ottawa
United other United other Indian tribes to Indian tribes to attack British attack British forts and settlers forts and settlers along the frontieralong the frontier
Proclamation Act of 1763Proclamation Act of 1763
Issued by King Issued by King GeorgeGeorge
No settlers allowed No settlers allowed to move west of to move west of the Proclamation the Proclamation Line drawn along Line drawn along the Appalachian the Appalachian MountainsMountains
Taxes on the ColoniesTaxes on the Colonies
Needed to pay Needed to pay war debt and war debt and cost of British cost of British soldiers in soldiers in AmericaAmerica
James OtisJames Otis
Wrote a pamphlet Wrote a pamphlet which stated:which stated:
““No taxation No taxation without without representation.”representation.”
Colonists had no Colonists had no representatives in representatives in ParliamentParliament
The Stamp ActThe Stamp Act
March 1765March 1765
Required stamps Required stamps on all printed on all printed materialsmaterials
Newspapers, wills, Newspapers, wills, deeds, dice, deeds, dice, playing cardsplaying cards
Quartering ActQuartering Act
Forced colonists Forced colonists to house British to house British soldierssoldiers
Sons of LibertySons of Liberty
Held outdoor Held outdoor meetings and meetings and demonstrationsdemonstrations
Protested British Protested British actsacts
Quote, Sons of LibertyQuote, Sons of Liberty
““In the morning a mob assembled and In the morning a mob assembled and erected a gallows near the town house erected a gallows near the town house and the dispers’d, and about ten a clock and the dispers’d, and about ten a clock reassembled and took the effigies of reassembled and took the effigies of several men and the Stamp Master . . . several men and the Stamp Master . . . To said gallows where they were hung To said gallows where they were hung up by the neck . . . About dusk they up by the neck . . . About dusk they broke every window in his house, frames broke every window in his house, frames and all, likewise chairs, tables, pictures and all, likewise chairs, tables, pictures and everything they could come across.”and everything they could come across.”
Nonimportation AgreementNonimportation Agreement
Merchants Merchants pledged not to pledged not to buy any British buy any British goodsgoods
Daughters of LibertyDaughters of Liberty
Supported the Supported the colonistscolonists
Began weaving Began weaving homespun – a homespun – a simple cloth that simple cloth that became a sign of became a sign of patriotismpatriotism
Boston MassacreBoston Massacre
Britain sent Britain sent 1000 troops 1000 troops to Bostonto Boston
Soldiers Soldiers harassed by harassed by the crowdsthe crowds
Boston MassacreBoston Massacre
Troops fired into Troops fired into the crowdthe crowd
First victim was First victim was Crispus AttucksCrispus Attucks
5 died in all5 died in all
Committee of Committee of CorrespondenceCorrespondence
March 1773March 1773
Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson asked each colony asked each colony to create a to create a committee to committee to communicate with communicate with other coloniesother colonies
Began to unify the Began to unify the coloniescolonies
Tea Act Tea Act (1773)(1773)
Created to help Created to help the British East the British East India CompanyIndia Company
Company could Company could bypass colonial bypass colonial merchantsmerchants
Boston Tea PartyBoston Tea Party
Dec. 1773Dec. 1773
Men dumped Men dumped 342 chests of 342 chests of tea into the tea into the harborharbor
Coercive ActsCoercive Acts
Boston Tea Party Boston Tea Party angered King angered King George IIIGeorge III
Created laws Created laws designed to designed to punish punish MassachusettsMassachusetts
Intolerable ActsIntolerable Acts
Shut down the port of BostonShut down the port of Boston
All officials appointed by the royal governor All officials appointed by the royal governor rather than electedrather than elected
Town meetings bannedTown meetings banned
Housing must be provided for British soldiersHousing must be provided for British soldiers
Common SenseCommon Sense
Pamphlet written Pamphlet written by Thomas Paineby Thomas Paine
Attacked King Attacked King George III as a George III as a tyranttyrant
Time to claim Time to claim independenceindependence
Thomas PaineThomas Paine
““Everything that is right or reasonable Everything that is right or reasonable pleads for separation. The blood of the pleads for separation. The blood of the slain, the weeping voice of nature slain, the weeping voice of nature cries, ‘Tis time to part . . . Every spot of cries, ‘Tis time to part . . . Every spot of the old world is overrun with the old world is overrun with oppression. Freedom hath been oppression. Freedom hath been hunted around the globe . . . And hunted around the globe . . . And England hath given her warning to England hath given her warning to depart.”depart.”
Declaration of Declaration of IndependenceIndependence
July 4, 1776July 4, 1776
Declared the Declared the colonies colonies independent of independent of EnglandEngland
The United The United States of States of AmericaAmerica