Essential Medicines List_WHO Model List-2015

WHOModelListof

EssentialMedicines

19thList(April2015)

(AmendedAugust2015)

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http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/essentialmedicines/en/

Thepublishedmaterialisbeingdistributedwithoutwarrantofanykind,eitherexpressedorimplied.Theresponsibilityfortheinterpretationanduseofthemateriallieswiththereader.Innoeventshallthe

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19theditionWHOModelListofEssentialMedicines(April2015)ExplanatorynotesThecorelistpresentsalistofminimummedicineneedsforabasichealthcaresystem,listingthemostefficacious,safeandcosteffectivemedicinesforpriorityconditions.Priorityconditionsareselectedonthebasisofcurrentandestimatedfuturepublichealthrelevance,andpotentialforsafeandcosteffectivetreatment.Thecomplementarylistpresentsessentialmedicinesforprioritydiseases,forwhichspecializeddiagnosticormonitoringfacilities,and/orspecialistmedicalcare,and/orspecialisttrainingareneeded.Incaseofdoubtmedicinesmayalsobelistedascomplementaryonthebasisofconsistenthighercostsorlessattractivecosteffectivenessinavarietyofsettings.Thesquareboxsymbol()isprimarilyintendedtoindicatesimilarclinicalperformancewithinapharmacologicalclass.Thelistedmedicineshouldbetheexampleoftheclassforwhichthereisthebestevidenceforeffectivenessandsafety.Insomecases,thismaybethefirstmedicinethatislicensedformarketing;inotherinstances,subsequentlylicensedcompoundsmaybesaferormoreeffective.Wherethereisnodifferenceintermsofefficacyandsafetydata,thelistedmedicineshouldbetheonethatisgenerallyavailableatthelowestprice,basedoninternationaldrugpriceinformationsources.NotallsquareboxesareapplicabletomedicineselectionforchildrenseethesecondEMLcfordetails.TherapeuticequivalenceisindicatedonlyonthebasisofreviewsofefficacyandsafetyandwhenconsistentwithWHOclinicalguidelines.Nationallistsshouldnotuseasimilarsymbolandshouldbespecificintheirfinalselection,whichwoulddependonlocalavailabilityandprice.Theasymbolindicatesthatthereisanageorweightrestrictiononuseofthemedicine;detailsforeachmedicinecanbefoundinTable1.1.Wherethe[c]symbolisplacednexttothecomplementarylistitsignifiesthatthemedicine(s)require(s)specialistdiagnosticormonitoringfacilities,and/orspecialistmedicalcare,and/orspecialisttrainingfortheiruseinchildren.Wherethe[c]symbolisplacednexttoanindividualmedicineorstrengthofmedicineitsignifiesthatthereisaspecificindicationforrestrictingitsusetochildren.ThepresenceofanentryontheEssentialMedicinesListcarriesnoassuranceastopharmaceuticalquality.Itistheresponsibilityoftherelevantnationalorregionaldrugregulatoryauthoritytoensurethateachproductisofappropriatepharmaceuticalquality(includingstability)andthat,whenrelevant,differentproductsareinterchangeable.ForrecommendationsandadviceconcerningallaspectsofthequalityassuranceofmedicinesseetheWHOMedicineswebsitehttp://www.who.int/medicines/areas/quality_assurance.Medicinesanddosageformsarelistedinalphabeticalorderwithineachsectionandthereisnoimplicationofpreferenceforoneformoveranother.Standardtreatmentguidelinesshouldbeconsultedforinformationonappropriatedosageforms.ThemaintermsusedfordosageformsintheEssentialMedicinesListcanbefoundinTable1.2.

DefinitionsofmanyofthesetermsandpharmaceuticalqualityrequirementsapplicabletothedifferentcategoriesarepublishedinthecurrenteditionofTheInternationalPharmacopoeiahttp://www.who.int/medicines/publications/pharmacopoeia.

EssentialMedicines 19theditionWHOModelList

19th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (April 2015) page 1

1. ANAESTHETICS

1.1 General anaesthetics and oxygen

1.1.1 Inhalational medicines

halothane Inhalation.isoflurane Inhalation.nitrousoxide Inhalation.oxygen Inhalation (medicinalgas).1.1.2 Injectable medicinesketamine Injection:50mg(ashydrochloride)/ mL in10mLvial.

propofol*Injection:10 mg/ mL;20 mg/ mL.*Thiopentalmaybeusedasanalternativedependingonlocalavailabilityandcost.

1.2 Local anaesthetics

bupivacaineInjection: 0.25%;0.5%(hydrochloride)invial.Injectionforspinalanaesthesia:0.5%(hydrochloride)in4mLampouletobemixedwith7.5%glucosesolution.

lidocaine

Injection: 1%;2%(hydrochloride)invial.Injectionforspinalanaesthesia:5%(hydrochloride)in2mLampouletobemixedwith7.5%glucosesolution.Topicalforms:2%to4%(hydrochloride).

lidocaine+epinephrine(adrenaline)Dentalcartridge: 2%(hydrochloride)+epinephrine1:80000.Injection:1%;2%(hydrochlorideorsulfate)+epinephrine1:200000invial.

ComplementaryList

ephedrineInjection:30mg(hydrochloride)/mLin1mLampoule.(Foruseinspinalanaesthesiaduringdelivery,topreventhypotension).

1.3 Preoperative medication and sedation for short-term procedures

atropine Injection: 1mg(sulfate)in1 mL ampoule.

midazolamInjection: 1mg/ mL.Oralliquid:2mg/mL[c].Tablet:7.5mg;15mg.

morphine Injection: 10mg(sulfate orhydrochloride)in1mLampoule.



2. MEDICINES FOR PAIN AND PALLIATIVE CARE

2.1 Non-opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIMs)

acetylsalicylicacidSuppository: 50mgto150mg.Tablet:100mgto500mg.

ibuprofenaOralliquid: 200mg/5 mL.Tablet:200mg;400mg;600mg.a Not in children less than 3 months.

paracetamol*

Oralliquid: 125mg/5 mL.Suppository:100mg.Tablet:100mgto500mg.*Notrecommendedforantiinflammatoryuseduetolackofprovenbenefittothateffect.

2.2 Opioid analgesics

codeine Tablet: 30mg(phosphate).

morphine*

Granules(slowrelease;tomixwithwater):20mg200mg(morphinesulfate).Injection:10mg(morphinehydrochlorideormorphinesulfate)in1mLampoule.Oralliquid:10mg(morphinehydrochlorideormorphinesulfate)/5mL.Tablet(slowrelease):10mg200mg(morphinehydrochlorideormorphinesulfate).Tablet(immediaterelease):10mg(morphinesulfate).*Alternativeslimitedtohydromorphoneandoxycodone

2.3 Medicines for other common symptoms in palliative care

amitriptyline Tablet:10mg;25mg;75mg.

cyclizine[c] Injection:50mg/ mL.Tablet:50mg.

dexamethasone

Injection:4mg/ mL in1 mL ampoule(asdisodiumphosphatesalt).Oralliquid:2mg/5mL.Tablet:2mg[c];4mg.



diazepam

Injection:5mg/ mL.Oralliquid:2mg/5mL.Rectalsolution:2.5mg;5mg;10mg.Tablet:5mg;10mg.

docusatesodium Capsule:100mg.Oralliquid:50mg/5mL.

fluoxetinea Solidoraldosageform: 20mg(ashydrochloride).a >8 years.

haloperidolInjection: 5mgin1 mL ampoule.Oralliquid:2mg/mL.Solidoraldosageform:0.5mg;2mg;5mg.

hyoscinebutylbromide Injection:20mg/mL.

hyoscinehydrobromide[c] Injection:400micrograms/ mL;600micrograms/mL.Transdermalpatches:1mg/72hours.

lactulose[c] Oralliquid:3.13.7g/5mL.loperamide Solidoraldosageform:2mg.

metoclopramide

Injection:5mg (hydrochloride)/mLin2mLampoule.Oralliquid:5mg/5mL.Solidoralform:10mg(hydrochloride).

midazolamInjection:1 mg/ mL;5 mg/ mL.Solidoraldosageform:7.5mg;15mg.Oralliquid:2mg/mL[c].

ondansetron[c] a

Injection:2mgbase/ mL in2mLampoule(ashydrochloride).Oralliquid:4mgbase/5mL.Solidoraldosageform:Eq4mgbase;Eq8mgbase.a >1 month.

senna Oralliquid:7.5mg/5mL.3. ANTIALLERGICS AND MEDICINES USED IN ANAPHYLAXIS

dexamethasone Injection:4mg/ mL in1 mL ampoule(asdisodiumphosphatesalt).

epinephrine(adrenaline) Injection: 1mg(ashydrochlorideorhydrogentartrate)in1mLampoule.

hydrocortisone Powderforinjection: 100mg(assodiumsuccinate)invial.



loratadine*

Oralliquid:1mg/ mL.Tablet:10mg.*Theremaybearoleforsedatingantihistaminesforlimitedindications(EMLc).

prednisolone Oralliquid: 5 mg/ mL [c].Tablet:5mg;25mg.

4. ANTIDOTES AND OTHER SUBSTANCES USED IN POISONINGS

4.1 Non-specific

charcoal,activated Powder.4.2 Specific

acetylcysteineInjection: 200mg/ mL in10 mLampoule.Oralliquid:10%[c];20%[c].

atropine Injection: 1mg(sulfate)in1 mLampoule.calciumgluconate Injection: 100mg/ mL in10 mLampoule.methylthioniniumchloride(methyleneblue) Injection:10mg/mLin10mLampoule.

naloxone Injection: 400micrograms(hydrochloride)in1 mLampoule.

penicillamine Solidoraldosageform: 250mg.potassiumferrichexacyanoferrate(II)2H2O(Prussianblue) Powderfororaladministration.

sodiumnitrite Injection: 30mg/ mL in10 mLampoule.sodiumthiosulfate Injection: 250mg/ mL in50 mLampoule.

ComplementaryListdeferoxamine Powderforinjection: 500mg(mesilate)invial.dimercaprol Injectioninoil: 50mg/ mL in2mLampoule.

fomepizole Injection:5mg/ mL (sulfate)in20mLampouleor1 g/mL(base)in1.5mLampoule.

sodiumcalciumedetate Injection: 200mg/ mL in5 mLampoule.succimer Solidoraldosageform: 100mg.



5. ANTICONVULSANTS/ANTIEPILEPTICS

carbamazepineOralliquid: 100mg/5 mL.Tablet(chewable):100mg;200mg.Tablet(scored):100mg;200mg.

diazepam Gelorrectalsolution:5 mg/ mLin0.5mL;2 mL;4mLtubes.

lorazepam Parenteralformulation:2mg/mLin1mLampoule;4mg/mLin1mLampoule.

magnesiumsulfate*

Injection: 0.5g/ mL in2 mL ampoule(equivalentto1gin2mL;50%weight/volume);0.5g/mLin10mLampoule(equivalentto5gin10mL;50%weight/volume).*Foruseineclampsiaandseverepreeclampsiaandnotforotherconvulsantdisorders.

midazolam

Solutionfororomucosaladministration:5mg/mL;10mg/mLAmpoule*:1mg/mL;10mg/mL*forbuccaladministrationwhensolutionfororomucosaladministrationisnotavailable

phenobarbitalInjection:200mg/ mL (sodium).Oralliquid:15mg/5mL.Tablet:15mgto100mg.

phenytoin

Injection: 50mg/ mL in5 mLvial(sodiumsalt).Oralliquid:25mgto30mg/5mL.*Solidoraldosageform:25mg;50mg;100mg(sodiumsalt).Tablet(chewable):50mg.*Thepresenceofboth25mg/5mLand30mg/5mLstrengthsonthesamemarketwouldcauseconfusioninprescribinganddispensingandshouldbeavoided.

valproicacid(sodiumvalproate)

Oralliquid: 200mg/5 mL.Tablet(crushable):100mg.Tablet(entericcoated):200mg;500mg(sodiumvalproate).

ComplementaryList

ethosuximideCapsule: 250mg.Oralliquid:250mg/5mL.



valproicacid(sodiumvalproate) Injection:100mg/mLin4mLampoule;100mg/mLin10mLampoule.

6. ANTI-INFECTIVE MEDICINES

6.1 Anthelminthics

6.1.1 Intestinal anthelminthics

albendazole Tablet(chewable): 400mg.levamisole Tablet: 50mg;150mg(ashydrochloride).mebendazole Tablet(chewable): 100mg;500mg.niclosamide Tablet(chewable): 500mg.praziquantel Tablet: 150mg;600mg.

pyrantelOralliquid: 50mg(asembonateorpamoate)/ mL.Tablet(chewable):250mg(asembonateorpamoate).

6.1.2 Antifilarials

albendazole Tablet(chewable): 400mg.diethylcarbamazine Tablet: 50mg;100mg(dihydrogencitrate).ivermectin Tablet(scored): 3mg.6.1.3 Antischistosomals and other antitrematode medicines

praziquantel Tablet: 600mg.triclabendazole Tablet: 250mg.

ComplementaryList

oxamniquine*

Capsule: 250mg.Oralliquid:250mg/5mL.*Oxamniquineislistedforusewhenpraziquanteltreatmentfails.

6.2 Antibacterials

6.2.1 Beta-lactam medicines

amoxicillinPowderfororalliquid: 125mg(astrihydrate)/5mL;250mg(astrihydrate)/5mL[c].Solidoraldosageform:250mg;500mg(astrihydrate).

amoxicillin+clavulanicacid

Oralliquid: 125 mgamoxicillin+31.25mgclavulanicacid/5mLAND250mgamoxicillin+62.5mgclavulanicacid/5mL[c].Tablet:500mg(astrihydrate)+125mg(aspotassiumsalt).



ampicillin Powderforinjection: 500mg;1g(assodiumsalt)invial.

benzathinebenzylpenicillinPowderforinjection: 900 mgbenzylpenicillin(=1.2millionIU)in5mLvial[c];1.44gbenzylpenicillin(=2.4millionIU)in5mLvial.

benzylpenicillin Powderforinjection: 600mg(=1millionIU);3g(=5millionIU)(sodiumorpotassiumsalt)invial.

cefalexin[c] Powderforreconstitutionwithwater:125mg/5mL;250mg/5mL(anhydrous).Solidoraldosageform:250mg(asmonohydrate).

cefazolin*aPowderforinjection:1g(assodiumsalt)invial.*Forsurgicalprophylaxis.a >1 month.

cefixime*Capsule: 400mg(astrihydrate).*Listedonlyforsingledosetreatmentofuncomplicatedanogenitalgonorrhoea.

ceftriaxone*a

Powderforinjection: 250mg;1g(assodiumsalt)invial.*Donotadministerwithcalciumandavoidininfantswithhyperbilirubinaemia.a >41 weeks corrected gestational age.

cloxacillin

Capsule: 500mg;1g(assodiumsalt).Powderforinjection:500mg(assodiumsalt)invial.Powderfororalliquid:125mg(assodiumsalt)/5mL.

phenoxymethylpenicillinPowderfororalliquid: 250mg(aspotassiumsalt)/5mL.Tablet:250mg(aspotassiumsalt).

procainebenzylpenicillin*

Powderforinjection: 1g(=1millionIU);3g(=3millionIU)invial.*Procainebenzylpenicillinisnotrecommendedasfirstlinetreatmentforneonatalsepsisexceptinsettingswithhighneonatalmortality,whengivenbytrainedhealthworkersincaseswherehospitalcareisnotachievable.

ComplementaryList

cefotaxime*[c]Powderforinjection:250mgpervial(assodiumsalt).*3rdgenerationcephalosporinofchoiceforuseinhospitalizedneonates.



ceftazidime Powderforinjection:250mgor1g(aspentahydrate)invial.

imipenem*+cilastatin*

Powderforinjection: 250mg(asmonohydrate)+250mg(assodiumsalt);500mg(asmonohydrate)+500mg(assodiumsalt)invial.*Listedonlyforthetreatmentoflifethreateninghospitalbasedinfectionduetosuspectedorprovenmultidrugresistantinfection.Meropenemisindicatedforthetreatmentofmeningitisandislicensedforuseinchildrenovertheageof3months.

6.2.2 Other antibacterials

azithromycin*

Capsule: 250mg;500mg(anhydrous).Oralliquid:200mg/5mL.*OnlylistedforsingledosetreatmentofgenitalChlamydiatrachomatisandoftrachoma.

chloramphenicol

Capsule: 250mg.Oilysuspensionforinjection*:0.5g(assodiumsuccinate)/mLin2mLampoule.*Onlyforthepresumptivetreatmentofepidemicmeningitisinchildrenolderthan2years.Oralliquid:150mg(aspalmitate)/5mL.Powderforinjection:1g(sodiumsuccinate)invial.

ciprofloxacin*

Oralliquid: 250mg/5 mL (anhydrous)[c].SolutionforIVinfusion:2mg/mL(ashyclate)[c].Tablet:250mg(ashydrochloride).*Squareboxappliestoadultsonly.

clarithromycin*Solidoraldosageform: 500mg.*ForuseincombinationregimensforeradicationofH.Pyloriinadults.

doxycyclinea

Oralliquid:25 mg/5 mL [c];50mg/5mL(anhydrous)[c].Solidoraldosageform:50mg[c];100mg(ashyclate).aUse in children



erythromycin

Powderforinjection: 500mg(aslactobionate)invial.Powderfororalliquid:125mg/5mL(asstearateorestolateorethylsuccinate).Solidoraldosageform:250mg(asstearateorestolateorethylsuccinate).

gentamicin Injection: 10mg;40mg(assulfate)/mLin2 mLvial.

metronidazole

Injection: 500mgin100 mL vial.Oralliquid:200mg(asbenzoate)/5mL.Suppository:500mg;1g.Tablet:200mgto500mg.

nitrofurantoin Oralliquid: 25 mg/5 mL [c].Tablet:100mg.

spectinomycin Powderforinjection: 2g(ashydrochloride)invial.

sulfamethoxazole+trimethoprim

Injection:

80mg+16mg/mLin5mLampoule;80mg+16mg/mLin10mLampoule.Oralliquid:200mg+40mg/5mL.Tablet:100mg+20mg;400mg+80mg;800mg+160mg.

trimethoprima Oralliquid: 50mg/5 mL [c].Tablet:100mg;200mg.a >6 months.

ComplementaryList

clindamycinCapsule:150mg(ashydrochloride).Injection:150mg(asphosphate)/mL.Oralliquid:75mg/5mL(aspalmitate)[c].

vancomycin Powderforinjection: 250mg(ashydrochloride)invial.6.2.3 Antileprosy medicinesMedicinesused in the treatmentof leprosy shouldneverbeused except in combination.Combinationtherapyisessentialtopreventtheemergenceofdrugresistance.Colourcodedblisterpacks(MDTblisterpacks) containing standard twomedicine (paucibacillary leprosy) or threemedicine (multibacillaryleprosy)combinationsforadultandchildhoodleprosyshouldbeused.MDTblisterpackscanbesuppliedfreeofchargethroughWHO.clofazimine Capsule: 50mg;100mg.dapsone Tablet: 25mg;50mg;100mg.



rifampicin Solidoraldosageform: 150mg;300mg.6.2.4 Antituberculosis medicines

WHOrecommendsandendorsestheuseoffixeddosecombinationsandthedevelopmentofappropriatenewfixeddosecombinations,includingmodifieddosageforms,nonrefrigeratedproductsandpaediatricdosageformsofassuredpharmaceuticalquality.

ethambutol Oralliquid: 25 mg/ mL [c].Tablet:100mgto400mg(hydrochloride).

ethambutol+isoniazid Tablet: 400mg+150mg.ethambutol+isoniazid+pyrazinamide+rifampicin Tablet:275mg+75mg+400mg+150mg.

ethambutol+isoniazid+rifampicin Tablet:275mg+75mg+150mg.

isoniazidOralliquid: 50 mg/5 mL [c].Tablet:100mgto300mg.Tablet(scored):50mg.

isoniazid+pyrazinamide+rifampicinTablet:

75mg+400mg+150mg.150mg+500mg+150mg(Forintermittentusethreetimesweekly).

isoniazid+rifampicin

Tablet:

75mg+150mg;150mg+300mg.60mg+60mg(Forintermittentusethreetimesweekly).150mg+150mg(Forintermittentusethreetimesweekly).

pyrazinamide

Oralliquid: 30 mg/ mL [c].Tablet:400mg.Tablet(dispersible):150mg.Tablet(scored):150mg.

rifabutinCapsule: 150mg.**ForuseonlyinpatientswithHIVreceivingproteaseinhibitors.

rifampicin Oralliquid: 20 mg/ mL [c].Solidoraldosageform:150mg;300mg.

rifapentine*Tablet:150mg*FortreatmentoflatentTBinfection(LTBI)only

streptomycin Powderforinjection: 1g(assulfate)invial.ComplementaryList



Reservesecondlinedrugsforthetreatmentofmultidrugresistanttuberculosis(MDRTB)shouldbeusedinspecializedcentresadheringtoWHOstandardsforTBcontrol.

amikacin Powderforinjection:100mg;500mg;1g(assulfate)invial.

bedaquiline Tablet:100mgcapreomycin Powderforinjection: 1g(assulfate)invial.

cycloserine*Solidoraldosageform: 250mg.*Terizidonemaybeanalternative

delamanid Tablet:50mg

ethionamide*Tablet:125mg;250mg.*Protionamidemaybeanalternative.

kanamycin Powderforinjection:1g(assulfate)invial.

levofloxacin*Tablet:250mg;500mg;750mg.*Ofloxacinandmoxifloxacinmaybealternativesbasedonavailabilityandprogrammeconsiderations.

linezolid

Injectionforintravenousadministration:2mg/mLin300mLbagPowderfororalliquid:100mg/5mL,Tablet:400mg;600mg

paminosalicylicacidGranules: 4ginsachet.Tablet:500mg.

streptomycin[c] Powderforinjection:1g(assulfate)invial.6.3 Antifungal medicines

amphotericinB Powderforinjection: 50mginvial(assodiumdeoxycholateorliposomalcomplex).

clotrimazoleVaginalcream: 1%;10%.Vaginaltablet:100mg;500mg.

fluconazoleCapsule: 50mg.Injection:2mg/mLinvial.Oralliquid:50mg/5mL.

flucytosineCapsule: 250mg.Infusion:2.5gin250mL.

griseofulvinOralliquid:125mg/5 mL [c].Solidoraldosageform:125mg;250mg.



nystatin

Lozenge: 100000IU.Oralliquid:50mg/5mL[c];100000IU/mL[c].Pessary:100000IU.Tablet:100000IU;500000IU.

ComplementaryListpotassiumiodide Saturatedsolution.

6.4 Antiviral medicines

6.4.1 Antiherpes medicines

aciclovir

Oralliquid: 200mg/5 mL [c].Powderforinjection:250mg(assodiumsalt)invial.Tablet:200mg.

6.4.2 Antiretrovirals

Based on current evidence and experience of use, medicines in the following three classes ofantiretrovirals are included as essentialmedicines for treatment andpreventionofHIV (preventionofmothertochildtransmissionandpostexposureprophylaxis).WHOemphasizestheimportanceofusingtheseproductsinaccordancewithglobalandnationalguidelines. WHOrecommendsandendorsestheuse of fixeddose combinations and the development of appropriate new fixeddose combinations,including modified dosage forms, nonrefrigerated products and paediatric dosage forms of assuredpharmaceuticalquality.Scored tablets can be used in children and therefore can be considered for inclusion in the listing oftablets,providedthatadequatequalityproductsareavailable.6.4.2.1 Nucleoside/Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors

abacavir(ABC)Oralliquid: 100mg(assulfate)/5mL.Tablet:300mg(assulfate).

lamivudine(3TC)Oralliquid: 50mg/5 mL.Tablet:150mg.

stavudine(d4T)Capsule: 15 mg;20mg;30mg.Powderfororalliquid:5mg/5mL.

tenofovirdisoproxilfumarate(TDF) Tablet:300mg(tenofovirdisoproxilfumarateequivalentto245mgtenofovirdisoproxil).

zidovudine(ZDVorAZT)

Capsule: 100mg;250mg.Oralliquid:50mg/5mL.SolutionforIVinfusioninjection:10mg/mLin20mLvial.Tablet:300mg.

6.4.2.2 Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors



efavirenz(EFVorEFZ)a Capsule: 50mg;100mg;200mg.Tablet:200mg(scored);600mg.a >3 years or >10 kg weight.

nevirapine(NVP)Oralliquid: 50mg/5 mL.Tablet:50mg(dispersible);200mg.

6.4.2.3 Protease inhibitorsSelectionofprotease inhibitor(s) from theModelListwillneed tobedeterminedbyeachcountryafterconsideration of international and national treatment guidelines and experience. Ritonavir isrecommendedforuseincombinationasapharmacologicalbooster,andnotasanantiretroviralinitsownright.Allotherproteaseinhibitorsshouldbeusedinboostedforms(e.g.withritonavir).

atazanaviraSolidoraldosageform:100mg;150mg;300mg(assulfate).a >25 kg.

darunavir aTablet:75mg;400mg;600mg;800mga >3 years

lopinavir+ritonavir(LPV/r)Oralliquid: 400mg+100mg/5mL.Tablet(heatstable):100mg+25mg;200mg+50mg.

ritonavirOralliquid: 400mg/5 mL.Tablet(heatstable):25mg;100mg.

saquinavir(SQV)a Solidoraldosageform: 200mg;500mg(asmesilate).a >25 kg.

FIXED-DOSE COMBINATIONS

abacavir+lamivudine Tablet(dispersible,scored):60mg(assulfate)+30mg

efavirenz+emtricitabine*+tenofovir

Tablet:600mg+200mg+300mg(disoproxilfumarateequivalentto245mgtenofovirdisoproxil).*Emtricitabine(FTC)isanacceptablealternativeto3TC,basedonknowledgeofthepharmacology,theresistancepatternsandclinicaltrialsofantiretrovirals.

emtricitabine*+tenofovir

Tablet: 200mg+300mg(disoproxilfumarateequivalentto245mgtenofovirdisoproxil).*Emtricitabine(FTC)isanacceptablealternativeto3TC,basedonknowledgeofthepharmacology,theresistancepatternsandclinicaltrialsofantiretrovirals.



lamivudine+nevirapine+stavudineTablet: 150mg+200mg+30mg.Tablet(dispersible):30mg+50mg+6mg[c].

lamivudine+nevirapine+zidovudine Tablet: 30mg+50mg+60mg[c];150mg+200 mg+300mg.

lamivudine+zidovudine Tablet: 30mg+60mg[c];150mg+300mg.6.4.3 Other antivirals

oseltamivir*

Capsule:30mg;45mg;75mg(asphosphate).Oralpowder:12mg/mL.*potentiallysevereorcomplicatedillnessduetoconfirmedorsuspectedinfluenzavirusinfectioninaccordancewithWHOtreatmentguidelines.

ribavirin*

Injectionforintravenousadministration:800mgand1gin10mLphosphatebuffersolution.Solidoraldosageform:200mg;400mg;600mg.*Forthetreatmentofviralhaemorrhagicfevers

valganciclovir*

Tablet:450mg.*Forthetreatmentofcytomegalovirusretinitis(CMVr).

6.4.4 Antihepatitis medicines6.4.4.1 Medicines for hepatitis B

6.4.4.1.1 Nucleoside/Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors

entecavirOralliquid:0.05mg/mLTablet:0.5mg;1mg

tenofovirdisoproxilfumarate(TDF) Tablet:300mg(tenofovirdisoproxilfumarateequivalentto245mgtenofovirdisoproxil).6.4.4.2 Medicines for hepatitis C

Basedoncurrentevidence,medicinesinthefollowingclassesofdirectactingantiviralmedicinesareincludedasessentialmedicinesfortreatmentofhepatitisCvirusinfection.WHOguidelinesrecommendspecificcombinationtherapyutilizingmedicinesfromdifferentclasses. 6.4.4.2.1 Nucleotide polymerase inhibitors

sofosbuvir Tablet:400mg6.4.4.2.2 Protease inhibitors

simeprevir Capsule150mg6.4.4.2.3 NS5A inhibitors

daclatasvir Tablet:30mg;60mg (ashydrochloride)6.4.4.2.4 Non-nucleoside polymerase inhibitors



dasabuvir Tablet: 250mg6.4.4.2.5 Other antivirals

ribavirin*

Injectionforintravenousadministration:800mgand1gin10mLphosphatebuffersolution.Solidoraldosageform:200mg;400mg;600mg.*ForthetreatmentofhepatitisC,incombinationwithpeginterferonand/ordirectactingantiviralmedicines

ComplementaryList

pegylatedinterferonalfa(2aor2b)*

Vialorprefilledsyringe:180micrograms(peginterferonalfa2a),80microgram,100microgram(peginterferonalfa2b).*Tobeusedincombinationwithribavirin.

FIXED-DOSE COMBINATIONS

Alternative combinations of DAAs from different pharmacological classes are possible

ledipasvir+sofosbuvir Tablet:90mg+400mg.ombitasvir+paritaprevir+ritonavir Tablet:12.5mg+75mg+50mg6.5 Antiprotozoal medicines6.5.1 Antiamoebic and antigiardiasis medicines

diloxanidea Tablet: 500mg(furoate).a >25 kg.

metronidazoleInjection: 500mgin100 mL vial.Oralliquid:200mg(asbenzoate)/5mL.Tablet:200mgto500mg.

6.5.2 Antileishmaniasis medicines

amphotericinB Powderforinjection: 50mginvial(assodiumdeoxycholateorliposomalcomplex).

miltefosine Solidoraldosageform:10mg;50mg.paromomycin Solutionforintramuscularinjection:750mgof

paromomycinbase(asthesulfate).

sodiumstibogluconateormeglumineantimoniateInjection: 100mg/ mL,1vial=30mLor30%,equivalenttoapproximately8.1%antimony(pentavalent)in5mLampoule.

6.5.3 Antimalarial medicines

6.5.3.1 For curative treatment



Medicines for the treatment of P. falciparummalaria cases should be used in combination. The listcurrentlyrecommendscombinationsaccordingto treatmentguidelines. WHOrecognizesthatnotallofthe fixed dose combinations (FDCs) in the WHO treatment guidelines exist, and encourages theirdevelopment and rigorous testing. WHO also encourages development and testing of rectal dosageformulations.

amodiaquine*Tablet: 153mg or200mg(ashydrochloride).*Tobeusedincombinationwithartesunate50mg.

artemether*Oilyinjection: 80mg/ mL in1mLampoule.*Foruseinthemanagementofseveremalaria.

artemether+lumefantrine*

Tablet: 20mg+120mg.Tablet(dispersible):20mg+120mg[c].*Notrecommendedinthefirsttrimesterofpregnancyorinchildrenbelow5kg.

artesunate*

Injection: ampoules,containing60mganhydrousartesunicacidwithaseparateampouleof5%sodiumbicarbonatesolution.Foruseinthemanagementofseveremalaria.Rectaldosageform:50mg[c];200mgcapsules(forprereferraltreatmentofseveremalariaonly;patientsshouldbetakentoanappropriatehealthfacilityforfollowupcare)[c].Tablet:50mg.*Tobeusedincombinationwitheitheramodiaquine,mefloquineorsulfadoxine+pyrimethamine.

artesunate+amodiaquine*

Tablet: 25 mg+ 67.5 mg;50 mg+135mg;100 mg+270mg.*Othercombinationsthatdeliverthetargetdosesrequiredsuchas153mgor200mg(ashydrochloride)with50mgartesunatecanbealternatives.

artesunate+mefloquine Tablet: 25 mg+ 55mg;100 mg+220mg.

chloroquine*Oralliquid: 50mg(asphosphateorsulfate)/5 mL.Tablet:100mg;150mg(asphosphateorsulfate).*ForuseonlyforthetreatmentofP.vivaxinfection.

doxycycline*Capsule: 100mg(ashydrochlorideorhyclate).Tablet(dispersible):100mg(asmonohydrate).*Foruseonlyincombinationwithquinine.

mefloquine*Tablet: 250mg(ashydrochloride).*Tobeusedincombinationwithartesunate50mg.



primaquine*Tablet: 7.5mg;15mg(asdiphosphate).*OnlyforusetoachieveradicalcureofP.vivaxandP.ovaleinfections,givenfor14days.

quinine*

Injection: 300mgquininehydrochloride/mL in2mLampoule.Tablet:300mg(quininesulfate)or300mg(quininebisulfate).*Foruseonlyinthemanagementofseveremalaria,andshouldbeusedincombinationwithdoxycycline.

sulfadoxine+pyrimethamine*Tablet: 500mg+25mg.*Onlyincombinationwithartesunate50mg.

6.5.3.2 For prophylaxis

chloroquine*

Oralliquid: 50mg(asphosphateorsulfate)/5 mL.Tablet:150mg(asphosphateorsulfate).*ForuseonlyincentralAmericanregions,forP.vivaxinfections.

doxycyclinea Solidoraldosageform: 100mg(ashydrochloride orhyclate).a >8 years.

mefloquinea Tablet: 250mg(ashydrochloride).a >5 kg or >3 months.

proguanil*Tablet: 100mg(ashydrochloride).*Foruseonlyincombinationwithchloroquine.

6.5.4 Antipneumocystosis and antitoxoplasmosis medicines

pyrimethamine Tablet: 25mg.sulfadiazine Tablet:500mg.

sulfamethoxazole+trimethoprim

Injection:80mg+16mg/mLin5mLampoule;80mg+16mg/mLin10mLampoule.Oralliquid:200mg+40mg/5mL[c].Tablet:100mg+20mg;400mg+80mg[c].

ComplementaryList pentamidine Tablet: 200mg;300mg(asisethionate).

6.5.5 Antitrypanosomal medicines

6.5.5.1 African trypanosomiasis

Medicinesforthetreatmentof1ststageAfricantrypanosomiasis



pentamidine*Powderforinjection:200mg(asisetionate)invial.*TobeusedforthetreatmentofTrypanosomabruceigambienseinfection.

suraminsodium*Powderforinjection: 1ginvial.*TobeusedforthetreatmentoftheinitialphaseofTrypanosomabruceirhodesienseinfection.

Medicinesforthetreatmentof2ndstageAfricantrypanosomiasis

eflornithine*Injection:200mg(hydrochloride)/mLin100 mLbottle.*TobeusedforthetreatmentofTrypanosomabruceigambienseinfection.

melarsoprolInjection: 3.6%solution,5 mLampoule(180mgofactivecompound).

nifurtimox*

Tablet: 120mg.*Onlytobeusedincombinationwitheflornithine,forthetreatmentofTrypanosomabruceigambienseinfection.

ComplementaryList[c]melarsoprol Injection:3.6%solutionin5mLampoule(180mgof

activecompound).6.5.5.2 American trypanosomiasis

benznidazoleTablet: 12.5mg[c];100mg.Tablet(scored):50mg.

nifurtimox Tablet: 30mg;120mg;250mg.7. ANTIMIGRAINE MEDICINES7.1 For treatment of acute attack

acetylsalicylicacid Tablet: 300mgto500mg.ibuprofen[c] Tablet:200mg;400mg.

paracetamol Oralliquid: 125mg/5 mL [c].Tablet:300mgto500mg.

7.2 For prophylaxis

propranolol Tablet: 20mg;40mg(hydrochloride).8. ANTINEOPLASTICS AND IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVES

Medicineslistedbelowshouldbeusedaccordingtoprotocolsfortreatmentofthediseases. 8.1 Immunosuppressive medicines

ComplementaryList



azathioprine Powderforinjection:100mg(assodiumsalt)invial.Tablet(scored):50mg.

ciclosporin

Capsule: 25mg.Concentrateforinjection:50mg/mLin1mLampoulefororgantransplantation.

8.2 Cytotoxic and adjuvant medicines

ComplementaryList

alltransretinoidacid(ATRA) Capsule:10mg. Acutepromyelocyticleukaemia.allopurinol[c] Tablet:100mg;300mg.

asparaginasePowderforinjection:10000IUinvial.

Acutelymphoblasticleukaemia.

bendamustineInjection: 45mg/0.5mL;180mg/2mL.

Chroniclymphocyticleukaemia Follicularlymphoma

bleomycin

Powderforinjection:15mg(assulfate)invial. Hodgkinlymphoma Kaposisarcoma Ovariangermcelltumour Testiculargermcelltumour

calciumfolinate

Injection:3mg/mLin10mLampoule.Tablet:15mg.

Earlystagecoloncancer Earlystagerectalcancer Gestationaltrophoblasticneoplasia Metastaticcolorectalcancer Osteosarcoma Burkittlymphoma

capecitabine

Tablet:150mg;500mg. Earlystagecoloncancer Earlystagerectalcancer Metastaticbreastcancer Metastaticcolorectalcancer



carboplatin

Injection:50mg/5mL;150mg/15mL;450mg/45mL;600mg/60mL.

Earlystagebreastcancer Epithelialovariancancer Nasopharyngealcancer Nonsmallcelllungcancer Osteosarcoma Retinoblastoma

chlorambucilTablet: 2mg.

Chroniclymphocyticleukaemia.

cisplatin

Injection:50mg/50mL;100mg/100mL. Cervicalcancer(asaradiosensitizer) Headandneckcancer(asaradiosensitizer) Nasopharyngealcancer(asaradiosensitizer) Nonsmallcelllungcancer Osteosarcoma Ovariangermcelltumour Testiculargermcelltumour

cyclophosphamide

Powderforinjection:500mginvial.Tablet:25mg.

Chroniclymphocyticleukaemia DiffuselargeBcelllymphoma Earlystagebreastcancer Gestationaltrophoblasticneoplasia Hodgkinlymphoma Follicularlymphoma Rhabdomyosarcoma Ewingsarcoma Acutelymphoblasticleukaemia Burkittlymphoma Metastaticbreastcancer.

cytarabine

Powderforinjection:100mginvial. Acutemyelogenousleukaemia Acutelymphoblasticleukaemia Acutepromyelocyticleukaemia Burkittlymphoma.

dacarbazinePowderforinjection:100mginvial.

Hodgkinlymphoma

dactinomycin

Powderforinjection: 500microgramsinvial. Gestationaltrophoblasticneoplasia Rhabdomyosarcoma Wilmstumour



daunorubicin

Powderforinjection:50mg(hydrochloride)invial. Acutelymphoblasticleukaemia Acutemyelogenousleukaemia Acutepromyelocyticleukaemia

docetaxelInjection:20mg/ mL;40mg/ mL.

Earlystagebreastcancer Metastaticbreastcancer Metastaticprostatecancer

doxorubicin

Powderforinjection: 10mg;50mg(hydrochloride)invial.

DiffuselargeBcelllymphoma Earlystagebreastcancer Hodgkinlymphoma Kaposisarcoma Follicularlymphoma Metastaticbreastcancer Osteosarcoma Ewingsarcoma Acutelymphoblasticleukaemia Wilmstumour Burkittlymphoma

etoposide

Capsule:100mg.Injection:20mg/mLin5mLampoule.

Testiculargermcelltumour Gestationaltrophoblasticneoplasia Hodgkinlymphoma Nonsmallcelllungcancer Ovariangermcelltumour Retinoblastoma Ewingsarcoma Acutelymphoblasticleukaemia Burkittlymphoma

fludarabinePowderforinjection:50mg(phosphate)invial.Tablet:10mg

Chroniclymphocyticleukaemia.

fluorouracil

Injection:50mg/mLin5mLampoule. Earlystagebreastcancer Earlystagecoloncancer Earlystagerectalcancer Metastaticcolorectalcancer Nasopharyngealcancer.



filgrastim

Injection:120micrograms/0.2mL;300micrograms/0.5mL;480micrograms/0.8mLinprefilledsyringe300micrograms/mLin1mLvial,480mg/1.6mLin1.6mLvial.

Primaryprophylaxisinpatientsathighriskfordevelopingfebrileneutropeniaassociatedwithmyelotoxicchemotherapy.

Secondaryprophylaxisforpatientswhohaveexperiencedneutropeniafollowingpriormyelotoxicchemotherapy

Tofacilitateadministrationofdosedensechemotherapyregimens

gemcitabinePowderforinjection:200mginvial,1ginvial.

Epithelialovariancancer Nonsmallcelllungcancer

hydroxycarbamideSolidoraldosageform:200mg;250mg;300mg;400mg;500mg;1g.

Chronicmyeloidleukaemia.

ifosfamide

Powderforinjection: 500mgvial;1gvial;2gvial. Testiculargermcelltumour Ovariangermcelltumour Osteosarcoma Rhabdomyosarcoma Ewingsarcoma

imatinibTablet:100mg;400mg.

Chronicmyeloidleukaemia Gastrointestinalstromaltumour

irinotecanInjection: 40mg/2mLin2 mLvial;100mg/5mLin5mLvial;500mg/25mLin25mLvial.

Metastaticcolorectalcancer.

mercaptopurineTablet:50mg.

Acutelymphoblasticleukaemia Acutepromyelocyticleukaemia.

mesna

Injection:100mg/mLin4mLand10mLampoules.Tablet:400mg;600mg.

Testiculargermcelltumour Ovariangermcelltumour Osteosarcoma Rhabdomyosarcoma Ewingsarcoma.



methotrexate

Powderforinjection:50mg(assodiumsalt)invial.Tablet:2.5mg(assodiumsalt).

Earlystagebreastcancer Gestationaltrophoblasticneoplasia Osteosarcoma Acutelymphoblasticleukaemia Acutepromyelocyticleukaemia

oxaliplatin

Injection:50mg/10mLin10mLvial;100mg/20mLin20mLvial;200mg/40mLin40mLvial.Powderforinjection:50mg,100mginvial.

Earlystagecoloncancer Metastaticcolorectalcancer

paclitaxel

Powderforinjection: 6mg/ mL. Epithelialovariancancer Earlystagebreastcancer Metastaticbreastcancer Kaposisarcoma Nasopharyngealcancer Nonsmallcelllungcancer Ovariangermcelltumour

procarbazine Capsule: 50mg(ashydrochloride).

rituximab

Injection: 100mg/10mLin10mLvial;500mg/50mLin50mLvial.

DiffuselargeBcelllymphoma Chroniclymphocyticleukaemia Follicularlymphoma.

tioguanine[c] Solidoraldosageform:40mg. Acutelymphoblasticleukaemia.

trastuzumabPowderforinjection:60mg;150mg;440mginvial

EarlystageHER2positivebreastcancer MetastaticHER2positivebreastcancer.

vinblastine

Powderforinjection:10mg(sulfate)invial. Hodgkinlymphoma Kaposisarcoma. Testiculargermcelltumour Ovariangermcelltumour



vincristine

Powderforinjection:1mg;5mg(sulfate)invial. DiffuselargeBcelllymphoma Gestationaltrophoblasticneoplasia Hodgkinlymphoma Kaposisarcoma Follicularlymphoma Retinoblastoma Rhabdomyosarcoma Ewingsarcoma Acutelymphoblasticleukaemia Wilmstumour Burkittlymphoma.

vinorelbineInjection: 10mg/mLin1 mLvial;50mg/5mLin5mLvial.

Nonsmallcelllungcancer Metastaticbreastcancer

8.3 Hormones and antihormones

ComplementaryList

anastrozoleTablet:1mg.

Earlystagebreastcancer Metastaticbreastcancer.

bicalutamideTablet:50mg.

Metastaticprostatecancer.

dexamethasone

Injection:4mg/ mL in1 mL ampoule(asdisodiumphosphatesalt).Oralliquid:2mg/5mL[c].


leuprorelinDoseform

Earlystagebreastcancer Metastaticprostatecancer

hydrocortisonePowderforinjection:100mg(assodiumsuccinate)invial.


methylprednisolone[c]

Injection: 40mg/ mL (assodiumsuccinate)in1 mLsingledosevialand5mLmultidosevials;80mg/mL(assodiumsuccinate)in1mLsingledosevial.

Acutelymphoblasticleukamia.



prednisolone

Oralliquid:5mg/mL[c].Tablet:5mg;25mg.

Chroniclymphocyticleukaemia DiffuselargeBcelllymphoma Hodgkinlymphoma Follicularlymphoma Acutelymphoblasticleukaemia Burkittlymphoma

tamoxifenTablet: 10mg;20mg(ascitrate).

Earlystagebreastcancer Metastaticbreastcancer

9. ANTIPARKINSONISM MEDICINES

biperidenInjection: 5mg(lactate)in1 mLampoule.Tablet:2mg(hydrochloride).

levodopa+carbidopa Tablet: 100mg+10mg;100mg+25mg;250mg+25mg10. MEDICINES AFFECTING THE BLOOD

10.1 Antianaemia medicines

ferroussaltOralliquid: equivalentto25mgiron(assulfate)/mL.Tablet:equivalentto60mgiron.

ferroussalt+folicacidTablet: equivalentto60mgiron+400microgramsfolicacid(nutritionalsupplementforuseduringpregnancy).

folicacidTablet: 400micrograms*;1mg;5mg.*periconceptualuseforpreventionoffirstoccurrenceofneuraltubedefects

hydroxocobalamin Injection: 1mg(asacetate,ashydrochlorideorassulfate)in1mLampoule.10.2 Medicines affecting coagulation

enoxaparin*

Injection:ampouleorprefilledsyringe20mg/0.2mL;40mg/0.4mL;60mg/0.6mL;80mg/0.8mL;100mg/1mL;120mg/0.8mL;150mg/1mL*Alternativesarelimitedtonadroparinanddalteparin

heparinsodium Injection: 1000IU/ mL;5000IU/mL;20000IU/ mLin1mLampoule.



phytomenadioneInjection: 1mg/ mL [c]; 10mg/mLin5mLampoule.Tablet:10mg.

protaminesulfate Injection: 10mg/ mL in5 mLampoule.tranexamicacid Injection: 100 mg/ mL in10 mLampoule.warfarin Tablet: 1mg;2mg;5mg(sodiumsalt).

ComplementaryList[c]

desmopressinInjection:4micrograms/mL(asacetate)in1mLampoule.Nasalspray:10micrograms(asacetate)perdose

heparinsodium Injection:1000IU/mL;5000IU/mLin1mLampoule.protaminesulfate Injection:10mg/mLin5mLampoule.warfarin Tablet:0.5mg;1mg;2mg;5mg(sodiumsalt).

10.3 Other medicines for haemoglobinopathies

ComplementaryList

deferoxamine*Powderforinjection: 500mg(mesilate)invial.*Deferasiroxoralformmaybeanalternative,dependingoncostandavailability.

hydroxycarbamide Solidoraldosageform:200mg;500mg;1g.11. BLOOD PRODUCTS OF HUMAN ORIGIN AND PLASMA SUBSTITUTES11.1 Blood and blood components

InaccordancewiththeWorldHealthAssemblyresolutionWHA63.12,WHOrecognizesthatachievingselfsufficiency,unlessspecialcircumstancesprecludeit,inthesupplyofsafebloodcomponentsbasedonvoluntary,nonremuneratedblooddonation,andthesecurityofthatsupplyareimportantnationalgoalstopreventbloodshortagesandmeetthetransfusionrequirementsofthepatientpopulation.AllpreparationsshouldcomplywiththeWHOrequirements.freshfrozenplasma platelets redbloodcells wholeblood 11.2 Plasma-derived medicinesAllhumanplasmaderivedmedicinesshouldcomplywiththeWHOrequirements.11.2.1 Human immunoglobulins

antiDimmunoglobulin Injection: 250microgramsinsingledosevial.Antirabiesimmunoglobulin Injection: 150IU/mLinvial.Antitetanusimmunoglobulin Injection: 500IUinvial.

ComplementaryList



normalimmunoglobulin

Intramuscularadministration:16%proteinsolution.*Intravenousadministration:5%;10%proteinsolution.**Subcutaneousadministration:15%;16%proteinsolution.**Indicatedforprimaryimmunedeficiency.**IndicatedforprimaryimmunedeficiencyandKawasakidisease.

11.2.2 Blood coagulation factors

ComplementaryListcoagulationfactorVIII Powderforinjection:500IU/vial.coagulationfactorIX Powderforinjection:500IU/vial,1000IU/vial.

11.3 Plasma substitutes

dextran70*Injectablesolution:6%.*Polygeline,injectablesolution,3.5%isconsideredasequivalent.

12. CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINES

12.1 Antianginal medicines

bisoprolol*Tablet: 1.25 mg;5mg.*includesmetoprololandcarvedilolasalternatives.

glyceryltrinitrate Tablet(sublingual): 500micrograms.isosorbidedinitrate Tablet(sublingual): 5mg.verapamil Tablet:40mg; 80mg(hydrochloride).12.2 Antiarrhythmic medicines

bisoprolol*Tablet: 1.25 mg;5mg.*includesmetoprololandcarvedilolasalternatives.

digoxinInjection: 250micrograms/ mLin2mLampoule.Oralliquid:50micrograms/mL.Tablet:62.5micrograms;250micrograms.

epinephrine(adrenaline) Injection:100micrograms/ mL(asacidtartrate orhydrochloride)in10mLampoule.

lidocaine Injection: 20mg(hydrochloride)/mLin5mLampoule.



verapamilInjection: 2.5mg(hydrochloride)/mLin2mLampoule.Tablet:40mg;80mg(hydrochloride).

ComplementaryList

amiodaroneInjection:50mg/mLin3mLampoule(hydrochloride).Tablet:100mg;200mg;400mg(hydrochloride).

12.3 Antihypertensive medicines

amlodipine Tablet: 5 mg(asmaleate,mesylateorbesylate).

bisoprolol*

Tablet:1.25 mg;5mg.*includesatenolol,metoprololandcarvedilolasalternatives.Atenololshouldnotbeusedasafirstlineagentinuncomplicatedhypertensioninpatients>60years

enalapril Tablet: 2.5mg;5mg(ashydrogenmaleate).

hydralazine*

Powderforinjection: 20mg(hydrochloride)inampoule.Tablet:25mg;50mg(hydrochloride).*Hydralazineislistedforuseonlyintheacutemanagementofseverepregnancyinducedhypertension.Itsuseinthetreatmentofessentialhypertensionisnotrecommendedinviewoftheevidenceofgreaterefficacyandsafetyofothermedicines.

hydrochlorothiazideOralliquid:50mg/5 mL.Solidoraldosageform:12.5mg;25mg.

methyldopa*

Tablet:250mg.*Methyldopaislistedforuseonlyinthemanagementofpregnancyinducedhypertension.Itsuseinthetreatmentofessentialhypertensionisnotrecommendedinviewoftheevidenceofgreaterefficacyandsafetyofothermedicines.

ComplementaryListsodiumnitroprusside Powderforinfusion: 50mginampoule.



12.4 Medicines used in heart failure

bisoprolol*Tablet:1.25 mg;5mg.*includesmetoprololandcarvedilolasalternatives.

digoxin

Injection: 250micrograms/ mLin2mLampoule.Oralliquid:50micrograms/mL.Tablet:62.5micrograms;250micrograms.

enalapril Tablet: 2.5mg;5mg(ashydrogenmaleate).

furosemide Injection: 10mg/ mL in2 mLampoule.Oralliquid:20mg/5mL[c].Tablet:40mg.

hydrochlorothiazide Oralliquid:50mg/5 mL.Solidoraldosageform:25mg.

spironolactone Tablet: 25mg.ComplementaryListdopamine Injection:40mg/mL(hydrochloride)in5mLvial.

12.5 Antithrombotic medicines

12.5.1 Anti-platelet medicines

acetylsalicylicacid Tablet: 100mg.clopidogrel Tablet:75mg;300mg12.5.2 Thrombolytic medicines

ComplementaryListstreptokinase Powderforinjection: 1.5millionIUinvial.

12.6 Lipid-lowering agents

simvastatin*Tablet: 5mg;10mg;20mg;40mg.*Foruseinhighriskpatients.

13. DERMATOLOGICAL MEDICINES (topical)

13.1 Antifungal medicines

miconazole Creamorointment:2%(nitrate).seleniumsulfide Detergentbasedsuspension:2%.sodiumthiosulfate Solution: 15%.

terbinafine Cream: 1% orOintment:1%terbinafinehydrochloride.



13.2 Anti-infective medicines

mupirocinCream(asmupirocincalcium):2%.Ointment:2%.

potassiumpermanganate Aqueoussolution: 1:10000.

silversulfadiazinea Cream:1%.a >2 months.

13.3 Anti-inflammatory and antipruritic medicines

betamethasonea Creamorointment:0.1%(asvalerate).a Hydrocortisone preferred in neonates.

calamine Lotion.hydrocortisone Creamorointment:1%(acetate).13.4 Medicines affecting skin differentiation and proliferation

benzoylperoxide Creamorlotion: 5%.coaltar Solution: 5%.fluorouracil Ointment: 5%.podophyllumresin Solution: 10%to25%.salicylicacid Solution: 5%.urea Creamorointment: 5%;10%.13.5 Scabicides and pediculicides

benzylbenzoatea Lotion: 25%.a >2 years.

permethrinCream: 5%.

Lotion:1%.14. DIAGNOSTIC AGENTS

14.1 Ophthalmic medicines

fluorescein Eyedrops: 1%(sodiumsalt).tropicamide Eyedrops: 0.5%.14.2 Radiocontrast media

amidotrizoate Injection: 140mgto420mgiodine(assodium ormegluminesalt)/mLin20mLampoule.

bariumsulfate Aqueoussuspension.

iohexol Injection: 140mgto350mgiodine/mLin5 mL;10mL;20mLampoules.



ComplementaryListbariumsulfate[c] Aqueoussuspension.meglumineiotroxate Solution:5gto8giodinein100mLto250mL.

15. DISINFECTANTS AND ANTISEPTICS

15.1 Antisepticschlorhexidine Solution:5%(digluconate).ethanol Solution: 70%(denatured).povidoneiodine Solution: 10% (equivalentto1%availableiodine).15.2 Disinfectants

alcoholbasedhandrub

Solutioncontainingethanol80%volume/volumeSolutioncontainingisopropylalcohol75%volume/volume

chlorinebasecompound Powder: (0.1%availablechlorine)forsolution.chloroxylenol Solution: 4.8%.glutaral Solution: 2%.

16. DIURETICS

amiloride Tablet: 5mg(hydrochloride).

furosemide Injection: 10mg/ mL in2 mLampoule.Oralliquid:20mg/5mL[c].Tablet:10mg[c];20mg[c];40mg.

hydrochlorothiazide Solidoraldosageform:25mg.mannitol Injectablesolution: 10%;20%.spironolactone Tablet: 25mg.

ComplementaryList[c]hydrochlorothiazide Tablet(scored):25mg.mannitol Injectablesolution:10%;20%.

spironolactone Oralliquid: 5mg/5 mL;10mg/5mL;25mg/5 mL.Tablet:25mg.

17. GASTROINTESTINAL MEDICINES


pancreaticenzymes Ageappropriateformulationsanddosesincludinglipase,proteaseandamylase.

17.1 Antiulcer medicines



omeprazole Powderforinjection:40mginvialPowderfororalliquid:20mg;40mgsachets.Solidoraldosageform:10mg;20mg;40mg.

ranitidine

Injection: 25 mg/ mL (ashydrochloride)in2 mLampoule.Oralliquid:75mg/5mL(ashydrochloride).Tablet:150mg(ashydrochloride).

17.2 Antiemetic medicines

dexamethasone

Injection: 4mg/ mL in1 mL ampoule(asdisodiumphosphatesalt).Oralliquid:0.5mg/5mL;2mg/5mL.Solidoraldosageform:0.5mg;0.75mg;1.5mg;4mg.

metoclopramidea

Injection: 5mg(hydrochloride)/mLin2mLampoule.Oralliquid:5mg/5mL[c].Tablet:10mg(hydrochloride).a Not in neonates.

ondansetrona

Injection:2mgbase/ mL in2mLampoule(ashydrochloride).Oralliquid:4mgbase/5mL.Solidoraldosageform:Eq4mgbase;Eq8mgbase;Eq24mgbase.a >1 month.

17.3 Anti-inflammatory medicines

sulfasalazineRetentionenema.Suppository:500mg.Tablet:500mg.

ComplementaryList

hydrocortisoneRetentionenema.Suppository:25mg(acetate).(theonlyappliestohydrocortisoneretentionenema).

17.4 Laxatives

senna Tablet: 7.5mg(sennosides)(ortraditionaldosageforms).

17.5 Medicines used in diarrhoea



17.5.1 Oral rehydration

oralrehydrationsalts

Powderfordilution in200 mL;500mL;1L.glucose: 75mEqsodium: 75mEqormmol/Lchloride: 65mEqormmol/Lpotassium: 20mEqormmol/Lcitrate: 10mmol/Losmolarity: 245mOsm/Lglucose: 13.5g/Lsodiumchloride: 2.6g/Lpotassiumchloride: 1.5g/Ltrisodiumcitratedihydrate*: 2.9g/L*trisodiumcitratedihydratemaybereplacedbysodiumhydrogencarbonate(sodiumbicarbonate)2.5g/L.However,asthestabilityofthislatterformulationisverypoorundertropicalconditions,itisrecommendedonlywhenmanufacturedforimmediateuse.

17.5.2 Medicines for diarrhoea

zincsulfate*Solidoraldosageform: 20mg.*Inacutediarrhoeazincsulfateshouldbeusedasanadjuncttooralrehydrationsalts.

18. HORMONES, OTHER ENDOCRINE MEDICINES AND CONTRACEPTIVES

18.1 Adrenal hormones and synthetic substitutes

fludrocortisone Tablet:100micrograms(acetate).hydrocortisone Tablet:5mg;10mg;20mg.18.2 Androgens

ComplementaryListtestosterone Injection: 200mg(enanthate)in1mLampoule.

18.3 Contraceptives

18.3.1 Oral hormonal contraceptives

ethinylestradiol+levonorgestrel Tablet: 30micrograms+150micrograms.ethinylestradiol+norethisterone Tablet: 35micrograms+1mg.

levonorgestrel Tablet: 30micrograms;750micrograms(packoftwo);1.5mg.



18.3.2 Injectable hormonal contraceptives

estradiolcypionate+medroxyprogesteroneacetate Injection:5mg+25mg.medroxyprogesteroneacetate Depotinjection: 150mg/ mL in1mLvial.norethisteroneenantate Oilysolution: 200mg/ mL in1mLampoule.18.3.3 Intrauterine devices

coppercontainingdevice

levonorgestrelreleasingintrauterinesystem Intrauterinesystemwithreservoircontaining52mgoflevonorestrel

18.3.4 Barrier methods

condoms diaphragms 18.3.5 Implantable contraceptives

etonogestrelreleasingimplant Singlerodetonogestrelreleasingimplant,containing68mgofetonogestrel.

levonorgestrelreleasingimplant Tworodlevonorgestrelreleasingimplant,eachrodcontaining75mgoflevonorgestrel(150mgtotal). 18.3.6 Intravaginal contraceptives

progesteronevaginalring*Progesteronereleasingvaginalringcontaining2.074gofmicronizedprogesterone.*Foruseinwomenactivelybreastfeedingatleast4timesperday

18.4 Estrogens

18.5 Insulins and other medicines used for diabetes

gliclazide*

Solid oraldosage form: (controlledrelease tablets)30mg;60mg;80mg.*glibenclamidenotsuitableabove60years.

glucagon Injection:1 mg/ mL.

insulininjection(soluble) Injection: 40IU/ mL in10 mLvial;100IU/mL in10mLvial.

intermediateactinginsulinInjection: 40IU/ mL in10 mLvial;100IU/mL in10mLvial(ascompoundinsulinzincsuspensionorisophaneinsulin).

metformin Tablet: 500mg(hydrochloride).ComplementaryList[c]metformin Tablet:500mg(hydrochloride).



18.6 Ovulation inducersComplementaryListclomifene Tablet:50mg(citrate).

18.7 Progestogens

medroxyprogesteroneacetate Tablet: 5mg.18.8 Thyroid hormones and antithyroid medicines

levothyroxine Tablet: 25micrograms [c];50micrograms;100micrograms(sodiumsalt).

potassiumiodide Tablet: 60mg.propylthiouracil Tablet: 50mg.

ComplementaryList[c]Lugolssolution Oralliquid:about130mgtotaliodine/mL.potassiumiodide Tablet:60mg.propylthiouracil Tablet:50mg.

19. IMMUNOLOGICALS

19.1 Diagnostic agents

AlltuberculinsshouldcomplywiththeWHOrequirementsfortuberculins.tuberculin,purifiedproteinderivative(PPD) Injection.19.2 Sera and immunoglobulins

AllplasmafractionsshouldcomplywiththeWHOrequirements.

Antivenomimmunoglobulin*Injection.

*Exacttypetobedefinedlocally.diphtheriaantitoxin Injection: 10000IU;20000IUinvial.



19.3 Vaccines

WHO immunizationpolicy recommendations arepublished invaccinepositionpaperson thebasisofrecommendationsmadebytheStrategicAdvisoryGroupofExpertsonImmunization(SAGE).WHOvaccinepositionpapersareupdatedthreetofourtimesperyear.Thelistbelowdetailsthevaccinesforwhich there is a recommendation from SAGE and a correspondingWHO positionpaper as at 27February 2015. Themost recentversionsof theWHOpositionpapers, reflecting the current evidencerelatedtoaspecificvaccineandtherelatedrecommendations,canbeaccessedatanytimeontheWHOwebsiteat:http://www.who.int/immunization/documents/positionpapers/en/index.html.Vaccine recommendationsmay be universal or conditional (e.g., in certain regions, in some highriskpopulationsoraspartofimmunizationprogrammeswithcertaincharacteristics).Detailsareavailableinthe relevant position papers, and in the Summary Tables of WHO Routine ImmunizationRecommendationsavailableontheWHOwebsiteat:http://www.who.int/immunization/policy/immunization_tables/en/index.html.SelectionofvaccinesfromtheModelListwillneedtobedeterminedbyeachcountryafterconsiderationofinternationalrecommendations,epidemiologyandnationalpriorities.AllvaccinesshouldcomplywiththeWHOrequirementsforbiologicalsubstances.WHOnotedtheneedforvaccinesusedinchildrentobepolyvalent.Recommendationsforall BCGvaccinediphtheriavaccineHaemophilusinfluenzaetypebvaccinehepatitisBvaccineHPVvaccinemeaslesvaccinepertussisvaccinepneumococcalvaccinepoliomyelitisvaccinerotavirusvaccinerubellavaccinetetanusvaccineRecommendationsforcertainregionsJapaneseencephalitisvaccineyellowfevervaccinetickborneencephalitisvaccine



RecommendationsforsomehighriskpopulationscholeravaccinehepatitisAvaccinemeningococcalmeningitisvaccinerabiesvaccinetyphoidvaccineRecommendationsforimmunizationprogrammeswithcertaincharacteristicsinfluenzavaccine(seasonal)mumpsvaccinevaricellavaccine20. MUSCLE RELAXANTS (PERIPHERALLY-ACTING) AND CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS

atracurium Injection: 10mg/ mL (besylate).

neostigmineInjection: 500microgramsin1mLampoule;2.5mg(metilsulfate)in1mLampoule.Tablet:15mg(bromide).

suxamethoniumInjection: 50mg(chloride)/ mLin2mLampoule.Powderforinjection(chloride),invial.

vecuronium[c] Powderforinjection:10mg(bromide)invial.ComplementaryList

pyridostigmineInjection: 1mgin1 mL ampoule.Tablet:60mg(bromide).

vecuronium Powderforinjection:10mg(bromide)invial.21. OPHTHALMOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS

21.1 Anti-infective agents

aciclovir Ointment: 3%W/W.azithromycin Solution(eyedrops):1.5%.gentamicin Solution(eyedrops):0.3%(sulfate).ofloxacin Solution(eyedrops): 0.3%.tetracycline Eyeointment: 1%(hydrochloride).21.2 Anti-inflammatory agents

prednisolone Solution(eyedrops): 0.5%(sodiumphosphate).



21.3 Local anaesthetics

tetracainea Solution(eyedrops): 0.5%(hydrochloride).a Not in preterm neonates.

21.4 Miotics and antiglaucoma medicines

acetazolamide Tablet: 250mg.latanoprost Solution(eyedrops): latanoprost50micrograms/mL

pilocarpine Solution(eyedrops): 2%;4%(hydrochloride ornitrate).

timolol Solution(eyedrops): 0.25%;0.5%(ashydrogenmaleate).21.5 Mydriatics

atropine*a

Solution(eyedrops): 0.1%;0.5%;1%(sulfate).*[c]Orhomatropine(hydrobromide)orcyclopentolate(hydrochloride).a >3 months.

ComplementaryListepinephrine(adrenaline) Solution(eyedrops):2%(ashydrochloride).

21.6 Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) preparationsComplementaryListbevacizumab Injection:25mg/mL.

22. OXYTOCICS AND ANTIOXYTOCICS

22.1 Oxytocics

ergometrine Injection: 200micrograms(hydrogenmaleate)in1mLampoule.

misoprostol

Tablet: 200micrograms. Managementofincompleteabortionandmiscarriage;

Preventionandtreatmentofpostpartumhaemorrhagewhereoxytocinisnotavailableorcannotbesafelyused

Vaginaltablet:25micrograms.**Onlyforuseforinductionoflabourwhereappropriatefacilitiesareavailable.

oxytocin Injection: 10IUin1 mL.ComplementaryList



mifepristone*misoprostol*Wherepermittedundernationallawandwhereculturallyacceptable.

Tablet200mgtablet200micrograms.*Requiresclosemedicalsupervision.

22.2 Antioxytocics (tocolytics)

nifedipine Immediatereleasecapsule: 10mg.23. PERITONEAL DIALYSIS SOLUTION

ComplementaryListintraperitonealdialysissolution(ofappropriatecomposition) Parenteralsolution.

24. MEDICINES FOR MENTAL AND BEHAVIOURAL DISORDERS

24.1 Medicines used in psychotic disorders

chlorpromazine

Injection: 25mg(hydrochloride)/mLin2mLampoule.Oralliquid:25mg(hydrochloride)/5mL.Tablet:100mg(hydrochloride).

fluphenazine Injection: 25mg(decanoate orenantate)in1 mLampoule.

haloperidolInjection: 5mgin1 mL ampoule.Tablet:2mg;5mg.

risperidone Solidoraldosageform:0.25mgto6.0mg.ComplementaryList

chlorpromazine[c] Injection: 25mg(hydrochloride)/mLin2mLampoule.Oralliquid:25mg(hydrochloride)/5mL.Tablet:10mg;25mg;50mg;100mg(hydrochloride).

clozapine Solidoraldosageform:25to200mg.

haloperidol[c] Injection:5mgin1mLampoule.Oralliquid:2mg/mL.Solidoraldosageform:0.5mg;2mg;5mg.



24.2 Medicines used in mood disorders24.2.1 Medicines used in depressive disordersamitriptyline Tablet: 25mg;75mg.(hydrochloride).fluoxetine Solidoraldosageform: 20mg(ashydrochloride).


fluoxetinea Solidoraldosageform:20mg(ashydrochloride).a >8 years.

24.2.2 Medicines used in bipolar disorderscarbamazepine Tablet(scored): 100mg;200mg.lithiumcarbonate Solidoraldosageform:300mg.

valproicacid(sodiumvalproate) Tablet(entericcoated): 200mg;500mg(sodiumvalproate).

24.3 Medicines for anxiety disorders diazepam Tablet(scored): 2mg;5mg.24.4 Medicines used for obsessive compulsive disordersclomipramine Capsule: 10mg;25mg(hydrochloride).24.5 Medicines for disorders due to psychoactive substance use

nicotinereplacementtherapy(NRT)Chewinggum:2mg;4mg(aspolacrilex).Transdermalpatch:5mgto30mg/16hrs;7mgto21mg/24hrs.

ComplementaryList

methadone*

Concentratefororalliquid:5mg/mL;10mg/mL(hydrochloride).Oralliquid:5mg/5mL;10mg/5mL(hydrochloride).*Thesquareboxisaddedtoincludebuprenorphine.Themedicinesshouldonlybeusedwithinanestablishedsupportprogramme.

25. MEDICINES ACTING ON THE RESPIRATORY TRACT25.1 Antiasthmatic and medicines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

beclometasoneInhalation(aerosol): 50 micrograms(dipropionate)perdose;100micrograms(dipropionate)perdose(asCFCfreeforms).

budesonide[c] Inhalation(aerosol): 100microgramsperdose;200microgramsperdose.

epinephrine(adrenaline)Injection: 1mg(ashydrochlorideorhydrogentartrate)in1mLampoule.

ipratropiumbromide Inhalation(aerosol):20micrograms/metereddose.



salbutamol

Inhalation(aerosol): 100micrograms(assulfate)perdose.Injection: 50micrograms (as sulfate)/mL in 5mLampoule.Metereddoseinhaler(aerosol):100micrograms(assulfate)perdose.Respiratorsolutionforuse innebulizers:5mg (assulfate)/mL.

26. SOLUTIONS CORRECTING WATER, ELECTROLYTE AND ACIDBASE DISTURBANCES26.1 Oraloralrehydrationsalts Seesection17.5.1.potassiumchloride Powderforsolution.26.2 Parenteral

glucose Injectablesolution: 5%(isotonic);10%(hypertonic);50%(hypertonic).

glucosewithsodiumchloride

Injectablesolution: 4%glucose,0.18%sodiumchloride(equivalenttoNa+30mmol/L,Cl30mmol/L).Injectablesolution:5%glucose,0.9%sodiumchloride(equivalenttoNa+150mmol/LandCl150mmol/L);5%glucose,0.45%sodiumchloride(equivalenttoNa+75mmol/LandCl75mmol/L)[c].

potassiumchloride

Solution: 11.2%in20 mL ampoule(equivalenttoK+1.5mmol/mL,Cl1.5mmol/mL).Solutionfordilution:7.5%(equivalenttoK1mmol/mLandCl1mmol/mL)[c];15%(equivalenttoK2mmol/mLandCl2mmol/mL)[c].

sodiumchloride Injectablesolution: 0.9%isotonic(equivalenttoNa+154mmol/L,Cl154mmol/L).

sodiumhydrogencarbonateInjectablesolution:1.4%isotonic(equivalenttoNa+167mmol/L,HCO3167mmol/L).Solution:8.4%in10mLampoule(equivalenttoNa+1000mmol/L,HCO31000mmol/L).

sodiumlactate,compoundsolution Injectablesolution.26.3 Miscellaneouswaterforinjection 2mL;5mL;10mLampoules.



27. VITAMINS AND MINERALSascorbicacid Tablet: 50mg.calcium Tablet:500mg(elemental).

cholecalciferol*[c] Oralliquid: 400IU/ mL.Solidoraldosageform:400IU;1000IU.*Ergocalciferolcanbeusedasanalternative.

ergocalciferolOralliquid: 250micrograms/mL(10000IU/ mL).Solidoraldosageform:1.25mg(50000IU).

iodineCapsule: 200 mg.

Iodizedoil:1mL(480mgiodine);0.5mL(240mgiodine)inampoule(oralorinjectable);0.57mL(308mgiodine)indispenserbottle.

nicotinamide Tablet: 50mg.pyridoxine Tablet: 25mg(hydrochloride).

retinol

Capsule: 50000IU;100 000IU;200000IU(aspalmitate).Oraloilysolution:100000IU(aspalmitate)/mLinmultidosedispenser.Tablet(sugarcoated):10000IU(aspalmitate).Watermiscibleinjection:100000IU(aspalmitate)in2mLampoule.

riboflavin Tablet: 5mg.sodiumfluoride Inanyappropriatetopicalformulation.thiamine Tablet: 50mg(hydrochloride).

ComplementaryListcalciumgluconate Injection:100mg/mLin10mLampoule.

28. EAR, NOSE AND THROAT MEDICINES [c]

aceticacid Topical:2%,inalcohol. budesonide Nasalspray:100microgramsperdose. ciprofloxacin Topical:0.3%drops(ashydrochloride).

xylometazolinea Nasalspray: 0.05%.aNot in children less than 3 months.



29. SPECIFIC MEDICINES FOR NEONATAL CARE 29.1 Medicines administered to the neonate [c]

caffeinecitrate Injection: 20 mg/ mL (equivalent to 10mg caffeinebase/mL).Oralliquid:20mg/mL(equivalentto10mgcaffeinebase/mL).

Chlorhexidine Solution or gel: 7.1% (digluconate) delivering 4%chlorhexidine(forumbilicalcordcare)[c].

ComplementaryListibuprofen Solutionforinjection:5mg/mL.

prostaglandinESolutionforinjection:ProstaglandinE1:0.5mg/mLinalcohol.ProstaglandinE2:1mg/mL.

surfactant Suspension for intratracheal instillation:25mg/mLor80mg/mL.

29.2 Medicines administered to the mother

dexamethasone Injection:4mg/ mL dexamethasonephosphate(asdisodiumsalt)

30. MEDICINES FOR DISEASES OF JOINTS

30.1 Medicines used to treat gout

allopurinol Tablet: 100mg.30.2 Disease-modifying agents used in rheumatoid disorders (DMARDs)

chloroquine Tablet: 100mg;150mg(asphosphateorsulfate).ComplementaryList azathioprine Tablet: 50mg.hydroxychloroquine[c] Solidoraldosageform: 200mg(assulfate).methotrexate Tablet:2.5mg(assodiumsalt).penicillamine Solidoraldosageform:250mg.sulfasalazine Tablet:500mg.

30.3 Juvenile joint diseases

acetylsalicylicacid*(acuteorchronicuse)

Suppository:50mgto150mg.Tablet:100mgto500mg.*Foruseforrheumaticfever,juvenilearthritis,Kawasakidisease.



Table 1.1: Medicines with age or weight restrictions

atazanavir >25kgatropine >3monthsbenzylbenzoate >2yearsbetamethasonetopicalpreparations hydrocortisonepreferredinneonatescefazolin >1monthceftriaxone >41weekscorrectedgestationalagedarunavir >3yearsdiloxanide >25kgdoxycycline >8years(exceptforseriousinfectionse.g.cholera)efavirenz >3yearsor>10kgfluoxetine >8yearsibuprofen >3months(exceptIVformforpatentductusarteriosus)mefloquine >5kgor>3monthsmetoclopramide Notinneonatesnevirapine >6weeksondansetron >1monthsaquinavir >25kgsilversulfadiazine >2monthstetracaine Notinpretermneonatestrimethoprim >6monthsxylometazoline >3months



Table 1.2: Explanation of dosage forms

A. Principal dosage forms used in EML oral administration

Term

Definition

Solidoraldosageform

Referstotabletsorcapsulesorothersoliddosageformssuchasmeltsthatareimmediatereleasepreparations.Itimpliesthatthereisnodifferenceinclinicalefficacyorsafetybetweentheavailabledosageforms,andcountriesshouldthereforechoosetheform(s)tobelisteddependingonqualityandavailability.Thetermsolidoraldosageformisneverintendedtoallowanytypeofmodifiedreleasetablet.

Tablets

Refersto: uncoatedorcoated(filmcoatedorsugarcoated)tabletsthatare

intendedtobeswallowedwhole; unscoredandscored*; tabletsthatareintendedtobechewedbeforebeingswallowed; tabletsthatareintendedtobedispersedordissolvedinwateror

anothersuitableliquidbeforebeingswallowed; tabletsthatareintendedtobecrushedbeforebeingswallowed.Thetermtabletwithoutqualificationisneverintendedtoallowanytypeofmodifiedreleasetablet.

Tablets(qualified)

Referstoaspecifictypeoftablet:chewabletabletsthatareintendedtobechewedbeforebeingswallowed;dispersibletabletsthatareintendedtobedispersedinwateroranothersuitableliquidbeforebeingswallowed;solubletabletsthatareintendedtobedissolvedinwateroranothersuitableliquidbeforebeingswallowed;crushabletabletsthatareintendedtobecrushedbeforebeingswallowed;scoredtabletsbearingabreakmarkormarkswheresubdivisionisintendedinordertoprovidedosesoflessthanonetablet;sublingualtabletsthatareintendedtobeplacedbeneaththetongue.Thetermtabletisalwaysqualifiedwithanadditionalterm(inparentheses)inentrieswhereoneofthefollowingtypesoftabletisintended:gastroresistant(suchtabletsmaysometimesbedescribedasentericcoatedorasdelayedrelease),prolongedreleaseoranothermodifiedreleaseform.

* Scoredtabletsmaybedividedforeaseofswallowing,providedthatdoseisawholenumberoftablets.



Term

Definition

Capsules

Referstohardorsoftcapsules.Thetermcapsulewithoutqualificationisneverintendedtoallowanytypeofmodifiedreleasecapsule.

Capsules(qualified)Thetermcapsulewithqualificationreferstogastroresistant(suchcapsulesmaysometimesbedescribedasentericcoatedorasdelayedrelease),prolongedreleaseoranothermodifiedreleaseform.

Granules

Preparationsthatareissuedtopatientasgranulestobeswallowedwithoutfurtherpreparation,tobechewed,ortobetakeninorwithwateroranothersuitableliquid.Thetermgranuleswithoutfurtherqualificationisneverintendedtoallowanytypeofmodifiedreleasegranules.

OralpowderPreparationsthatareissuedtopatientaspowder(usuallyassingledose)tobetakeninorwithwateroranothersuitableliquid.

Oralliquid

Liquidpreparationsintendedtobeswallowed i.e.oralsolutions,suspensions,emulsionsandoraldrops,includingthoseconstitutedfrompowdersorgranules,butnotthosepreparationsintendedfororomucosaladministratione.g.garglesandmouthwashes.Oralliquidspresentedaspowdersorgranulesmayofferbenefitsintheformofbetterstabilityandlowertransportcosts.Ifmorethanonetypeoforalliquidisavailableonthesamemarket(e.g.solution,suspension,granulesforreconstitution),theymaybeinterchangedandinsuchcasesshouldbebioequivalent.Itispreferablethatoralliquidsdonotcontainsugarandthatsolutionsforchildrendonotcontainalcohol.

B. Principal dosage forms used in EMLc parenteral administration

Term Definition

Injection Referstosolutions,suspensionsandemulsionsincludingthoseconstitutedfrompowdersorconcentratedsolutions.

Injection(qualified) Routeofadministrationisindicatedinparentheseswhererelevant.Injection(oily) Theterm`injectionisqualifiedby`(oily)inrelevantentries.Intravenousinfusion Referstosolutionsandemulsionsincludingthoseconstitutedfrom

powdersorconcentratedsolutions.



C. Other dosage forms

Modeofadministration

Termtobeused

Totheeye Eyedrops,eyeointments.Topical Forliquids:lotions,paints.

Forsemisolids:cream,ointment.Rectal Suppositories,gelorsolution.Vaginal Pessariesorvaginaltablets.Inhalation Powderforinhalation,pressurizedinhalation,nebulizer.



Indexabacavir (ABC) 12 abacavir + lamivudine 13 acetazolamide 38 acetic acid 42 acetylcysteine 4 acetylsalicylic acid 2, 18, 29, 43 aciclovir 12, 37 albendazole 6 alcohol based hand rub 31 allopurinol 19, 43 all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) 19 amidotrizoate 30 amikacin 11 amiloride 31 amiodarone 28 amitriptyline 2, 40 amlodipine 28 amodiaquine 16 amoxicillin 6 amoxicillin + clavulanic acid 6 amphotericin B 11, 15 ampicillin 7 anti-D immunoglobulin 26 antitetanus immunoglobulin 27 antivenom immunoglobulin 35 artemether 16 artemether + lumefantrine 16 artesunate 16 artesunate + amodiaquine 16 artesunate + mefloquine 16 ascorbic acid 42 asparaginase 19 atazanavir 13 atracurium 37 atropine 1, 4, 38 azathioprine 19, 43 azithromycin 8, 37 barium sulfate 30, 31 BCG vaccine 36 beclometasone 40 bedaquiline 11 bendamustine 19 benzathine benzylpenicillin 7 benznidazole 18 benzoyl peroxide 30 benzyl benzoate 30 benzylpenicillin 7 betamethasone 30 bevacizumab 38 bicalutamide 24 biperiden 25 bisoprolol 27, 28, 29 bleomycin 19 budesonide 40, 42 bupivacaine 1 caffeine citrate 43 calamine 30 calcium 42 calcium folinate 19 calcium gluconate 4, 42 capecitabine 19 capreomycin 11 carbamazepine 5, 40 carboplatin 20 cefalexin 7 cefazolin 7

cefixime 7 cefotaxime 7 ceftazidime 8 ceftriaxone 7 charcoal, activated 4 chlorambucil 20 chloramphenicol 8 chlorhexidine 31 chlorine base compound 31 chloroquine 16, 17, 43 chloroxylenol 31 chlorpromazine 39 chlorpromazine 39 cholecalciferol 42 cholera vaccine 37 ciclosporin 19 ciprofloxacin 8, 42 cisplatin 20 clarithromycin 8 clindamycin 9 clofazimine 9 clomifene 35 clomipramine 40 clopidogrel 29 clotrimazole 11 cloxacillin 7 clozapine 39 coagulation factor IX 27 coagulation factor VIII 27 coal tar 30 codeine 2 condoms 34 copper-containing device 34 cyclizine 2 cyclophosphamide 20 cycloserine 11 cytarabine 20 dacarbazine 20 daclatasvir 15 dactinomycin 20 dapsone 9 darunavir 13 dasabuvir 15 daunorubicin 21 deferoxamine 4, 26 delamanid 11 desmopressin 26 dexamethasone 2, 3, 24, 32, 43 dextran 70 27 diaphragms 34 diazepam 3, 5, 40 diethylcarbamazine 6 digoxin 27, 29 diloxanide 15 dimercaprol 4 diphtheria antitoxin 35 diphtheria vaccine 36 docetaxel 21 docusate sodium 3 dopamine 29 doxorubicin 21 doxycycline 8, 17 efavirenz (EFV or EFZ) 13 efavirenz + emtricitabine + tenofovir 13 eflornithine 18 emtricitabine + tenofovir 14



enalapril 28, 29 enoxaparin 25 entecavir 14 ephedrine 1 epinephrine (adrenaline) 3, 28, 38, 40 ergocalciferol 42 ergometrine 38 erythromycin 9 estradiol cypionate + medroxyprogesterone acetate 34 ethambutol 10 ethambutol + isoniazid 10 ethambutol + isoniazid + pyrazinamide + rifampicin 10 ethambutol + isoniazid + rifampicin 10 ethanol 31 ethinylestradiol + levonorgestrel 33 ethinylestradiol + norethisterone 33 ethionamide 11 ethosuximide 5 etonogestrel-releasing implant 34 etoposide 21 ferrous salt 25 ferrous salt + folic acid 25 filgrastim 22 fluconazole 11 flucytosine 11 fludarabine 21 fludrocortisone 33 fluorescein 30 fluorouracil 21, 30 fluoxetine 3, 40 fluphenazine 39 folic acid 25 fomepizole 4 fresh frozen plasma 26 furosemide 29, 31 gemcitabine 22 gentamicin 9, 37 gliclazide 34 glucagon 34 glucose 41 glucose with sodium chloride 41 glutaral 31 glyceryl trinitrate 27 griseofulvin 12 Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine 36 haloperidol 3, 39 halothane 1 heparin sodium 25, 26 hepatitis A vaccine 37 hepatitis B vaccine 36 HPV vaccine 36 hydralazine 28 hydrochlorothiazide 28, 29, 31 hydrocortisone 3, 24, 30, 32, 33 hydroxocobalamin 25 hydroxycarbamide 22, 26 hydroxychloroquine 43 hyoscine butylbromide 3 hyoscine hydrobromide 3 ibuprofen 2, 18, 43 ifosfamide 22 imatinib 22 imipenem + cilastatin 8 influenza vaccine 37 insulin injection (soluble) 34 intermediate-acting insulin 34 intraperitoneal dialysis solution (of appropriate composition)

39

iodine 42 iohexol 30 ipratropium bromide 40 irinotecan 22 isoflurane 1 isoniazid 10 isoniazid + pyrazinamide + rifampicin 10 isoniazid + rifampicin 10 isosorbide dinitrate 27 ivermectin 6 Japanese encephalitis vaccine 36 kanamycin 11 ketamine 1 lactulose 3 lamivudine (3TC) 12 lamivudine + nevirapine + stavudine 14 lamivudine + nevirapine + zidovudine 14 lamivudine + zidovudine 14 latanoprost) 38 ledipasvir + sofosbuvir 15 leuprorelin 24 levamisole 6 levodopa + carbidopa 25 levofloxacin 11 levonorgestrel 33 levonorgestrel-releasing implant 34 levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system 34 levothyroxine 35 lidocaine 1, 28 lidocaine + epinephrine (adrenaline) 1 linezolid 11 lithium carbonate 40 loperamide 3 lopinavir + ritonavir (LPV/r) 13 loratadine 4 lorazepam 5 Lugol's solution 35 magnesium sulfate 5 mannitol 31 measles vaccine 36 mebendazole 6 medroxyprogesterone acetate 34, 35 mefloquine 17 meglumine iotroxate 31 melarsoprol 18 meningococcal meningitis vaccine 37 mercaptopurine 22 mesna 22 metformin 35 methadone 40 methotrexate 23, 43 methyldopa 28 methylprednisolone 24 methylthioninium chloride (methylene blue) 4 metoclopramide 32 metronidazole 9, 15 miconazole 29 midazolam 1, 3, 5 mifepristone 39 miltefosine 15 misoprostol 38, 39 morphine 1, 2 mumps vaccine 37 mupirocin 30 naloxone 4 neostigmine 37 nevirapine (NVP) 13 niclosamide 6



nicotinamide 42 nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) 40 nifedipine 39 nifurtimox 18 nitrofurantoin 9 nitrous oxide 1 norethisterone enantate 34 normal immunoglobulin 27 nystatin 12 ofloxacin 38 ombitasvir + paritaprevir + ritonavir 15 omeprazole 32 ondansetron 3, 32 oral rehydration salts 33, 41 oseltamivir 14 oxaliplatin 23 oxamniquine 6 oxygen 1 oxytocin 39 packed red blood cells 26 paclitaxel 23 p-aminosalicylic acid 11 pancreatic enzymes 31 paracetamol 2, 18 paromomycin 15 pegylated interferon alfa 2a 15 penicillamine 4, 43 pentamidine 18 permethrin 30 pertussis vaccine 36 phenobarbital 5 phenoxymethylpenicillin 7 phenytoin 5 phytomenadione 26 pilocarpine 38 platelet concentrates 26 pneumococcal vaccine 36 podophyllum resin 30 poliomyelitis vaccine 36 potassium chloride 41 potassium ferric hexacyano-ferrate(II) -2H20 (Prussian blue) 4 potassium iodide 12, 35 potassium permanganate 30 povidone iodine 31 praziquantel 6 prednisolone 4, 25, 38 primaquine 17 procaine benzylpenicillin 7 procarbazine 23 progesterone vaginal ring 34 proguanil 17 propofol 1 propranolol 18 propylthiouracil 35 prostaglandin E 43 protamine sulfate 26 pyrantel 6 pyrazinamide 10 pyridostigmine 37 pyridoxine 42 pyrimethamine 17 quinine 17 rabies immunoglobulin 26 rabies vaccine 37 ranitidine 32 retinol 42 ribavirin 14, 15 riboflavin 42

rifabutin 10 rifampicin 10 rifapentine 10 risperidone 39 ritonavir 13 rituximab 23 rotavirus vaccine 36 rubella vaccine 36 salbutamol 41 salicylic acid 30 saquinavir (SQV) 13 selenium sulfide 29 senna 3, 32 silver sulfadiazine 30 simeprevir 15 simvastatin 29 sodium calcium edetate 4 sodium chloride 41 sodium fluoride 42 sodium hydrogen carbonate 41 sodium lactate 41 sodium nitrite 4 sodium nitroprusside 28 sodium stibogluconate or meglumine antimoniate 16 sodium thiosulfate 4, 29 sofosbuvir 14 spectinomycin 9 spironolactone 29, 31 stavudine (d4T) 12 streptokinase 29 streptomycin 11 succimer 4 sulfadiazine 17 sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine 17 sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim 9, 17 sulfasalazine 32, 43 suramin sodium 18 surfactant 43 suxamethonium 37 tamoxifen 25 tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 12, 14 terbinafine 29 testosterone 33 tetanus vaccine 36 tetracaine 38 tetracycline 38 thiamine 42 thioguanine 23 tick-borne encephalitis vaccine 37 timolol 38 tranexamic acid 26 trastuzumab 23 triclabendazole 6 trimethoprim 9 tropicamide 30 tuberculin, purified protein derivative (PPD) 35 typhoid vaccine 37 urea 30 valganciclovir 14 valproic acid (sodium valproate) 5, 6, 40 vancomycin 9 varicella vaccine 37 vecuronium 37 verapamil 27, 28 vinblastine 23 vincristine 24 vinorelbine 24 warfarin 26



water for injection 41 whole blood 26 xylometazoline 42

yellow fever vaccine 36 zidovudine (ZDV or AZT) 13 zinc sulfate 33

Documents

Essential Medicines List_WHO Model List-2015