Essential Grammar xs

7/17/2019 Essential Grammar xs

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THE ENGLISHALPHABETWe use the English Alphabet

for using, speaking, writing andreading in English.Check over the English

Alphabets writing andpronunciation.

Writing Pronunciation(Inurkish!

Aa E"

#b #iCc $i%d %iEe &'f Ef g Ci)h E"*Ii A" + Ce"

-k -e" l El/0 E01n En2o 2Pp Pi34 -"56r Ar$s Est i

7u 8u9v 9iWw %abl:"u;< Eks

8" 9a"=> =ed

SPELLING THENAMESHow do you spellit?/Can you spellit?We use the spellings at 0an"statuses. (If so0eone doesntunderstand to we said etc.!

We use the English Alphabetspronunciations for spelling.Check over the dialogue and

read it loudl".

Paul )ello.!o"n )ello, sir.PaulCan I 0eet "ou?!o"n8es, of course. I want to 0eettoo. Whats "our na0e?PaulPaul. And "ours?

!o"n /ine is +ohn. I0 thirt":two"ears old.Paul )00. #ut, I didnt understand"our na0e. Can "ou spell it?!o"n8es, I can spell. It is +:2:):1.Paul hank "ou ver" 0uch.!o"n8oure welco0e.@


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Check over the words and theirspellings, and then read the0loudl".

#$ #ookB #:%ouble 2:-%$ /eetB /:%ouble E:&$ /essengerB /:E:%ouble $:E:1:

:E:6If a word has got the sa0e twoletters successive, we dont spell ;:;D.We spell that for0B %ouble ;.D

E'E(CISESA$ )ill in t"e *lan+s$

,-itin. P-onuniation 0In Tu-+is"1

+ 34 Pp => Ii El i Ar E"

B$ Spell t"e wo-ds$#$ ine %$ )ot &$ $tud" 2$English 3$Pla" 4$ etter

C$ )ind t"e 5eans in you-ditiona-ies and w-ite t"e5down0Tu-+is" 5eans1$

Si- @@@@@@@@@@@@@@..Meet@@@@@@@@@@@@@@67 ou-se@@@@@@@@@@@..Mine @@@@@@@@@@@@@.8ou-s @@@@@@@@@@@@@9nde-stand @@@@@@@@@@..,o--y @@@@@@@@@@@@..Spell @@@@@@@@@@@@@.

P(6N69NSWe use the pronouns for

na0es.Check over at downs. henread the0 loudl".

P-onounI I. singular person8ou II. singular person)e III. singular person(0ale!$he III.singular person(fe0ale!It III. singular person(ani0al

and obects!We I. plural person8ou II. plural personhe" III. plural personWho I. 4uestion person

P6SSESSI6NA:!ECTI;ESWe use the possessionpronouns for possessions.Check over at downs. henread the0 loudl".

P-onoun Possession P-onounI /"8ou 8our)e )is

$he )erIt ItsWe 2ur8ou 8ourhe" heirWho Whose

C"e+ o 8ou- "o5ewo-+> His alulato-

G


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> He- 5a-+s> Its *one> 6u- students> 8ou- pape-> T"ei- *oa-d

> ,"ose a-

THE ACTI;IT8 a$ C"e+ o


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T6 BE,"at does to *e 5ean? ,-ite

down$DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD

Positi


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uestion in p-esent0?1)ave I? %o I have?)ave "ou? %o "ou have?)as he? %oes he have?)as she? J %oes she have?

)as it? %oes it have?)ave we? %o we have?)ave "ou? %o "ou have?)ave the"? %o the" have?

Positi


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I a0 a student.I study0" lesson a lot.

I .oto school e


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also:dodoes gogoesstud"studies carr"carries

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@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

e! %o "ou like English?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

f! Which cit" do "ou live?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

3$What do "ou do everda"? /akesu00ar" shortl".@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

P6E$E1C21I1727$ E1$E

/aria iscookin. now.It looks delicious.

A0adeus /o>artis pla"in.the piano.

eopold /o>art()is dad! is pla"in.the violin.he wo0an is listenin. the0.

1V>0 )ik0et is thinkin.$

,"en we use p-esentontinuous tense so5et"in. is"appenin. t"en$

Positive 'or0BI a0 N 9ing)eM$heMIt is N 9ingWeM8ouMhe" are N 9ing

1egative 'or0B

I a0 notN9ing)eM$heMIt is not N 9ingWeM8ouMhe" are not N 9ing

3uestion 'or0BA0 I N 9ingIs )eM$heMIt N 9ingAre WeM8ouMhe" N 9ing

Positive AnswerB8es, I a0. ( N 9ing!

8es, heMsheMit is. ( N 9ing!8es, weM"ouMthe" are. ( N 9ing!

1egative AnswerB1o, I a0 not. ( N 9ing!1o, heMsheMit is not. ( N 9ing!1o, weM"ouMthe" are not. ( N 9ing!

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:I a-entwatchin.television.:8ou a-entlistenin.to 0e.:he telephone is ringin.$:A-e"ou feelin.allright?:Is it rainin.?

:Wh" a-e"ou wearin. a coat? It isntcold toda".:Whats 6o" doin.?

E'E(CISES#$What is happening now? Write truesentences.

a! XIMwashMnotM0" hairY@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

b! X$nowMitM?Y@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

c! X1otMto the radioMIMlistenY@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

d! XlearnMIMChieneseMnotY@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

%$/ake sentences what do "ou want.

#ut the" 0ust have presentcontinuous.

a!@@@@@@@@@@@@@@b!@@@@@@@@@@@@@@c!@@@@@@@@@@@@@@d!@@@@@@@@@@@@@@e!@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

&$Answer the 4uestions for "ourself.

a! What are "ou doing?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@b!What is "our teacher doing?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@c!What is "our desk:friend doing?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@d!Who is teaching?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@e! Are "ou listening "our teacher now?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

OI WA$ I1 2''ICEA$ 1I).

EricB I a0 tired and asleep.AnnaB Wh" are "ou?EricB #ecause I was in office last night.AnnaB Wh" were "ou in office lastnight?EricB #ecause 0" secretar" was onholida". )e is going to go backto0orrow.AnnaB I a0 so sorr", 0" dear. 8oushould go to bed and sleep.EricB 8es, I will do.

AnnaB )ave a nice sleep, 0" dear.EricB hank "ou ver" 0uch.

uestions#$Wh" is Eric tired and asleep?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

%$Wh" was Eric in the office lastnight?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

&$Where is Erics secretar"?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

2$What should Eric do?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

Positive 'or0B

IM)eM$heMIt wasN 2bect, Adective@

WeM8ouM

he" wereN 2bectN Adective@

1egative 'or0B

IM)eM$heMIt wasnt N2bect, Adective..

WeM8ouMhe" werentN 2bect, Adective..

3uestion 'or0B

Was IM)eM$heMIt N 2bect, Adective@

R


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Were WeM8ouMhe" 2bect, Adective@

Positive AnswerB

8es, IM)eM$heMIt was (N2b, Ad@!8es, WeM8ouMhe" were (N2b, Ad@!

1egative AnswerB

1o, IM)eM$heMIt wasnt (N2b, Ad@!1o, weM

werent (N2b, Ad@!8ouMhe"

Ti5e e=p-essions o7 was/we-eand si5ple past tense

a.o a wee+ a.otwo yea-s a.ot"-ee "ou-s a.onine 5inutes a.oD et$

last last ni."t

last daylast wee+endlast yea-last Mondaylast wee+D et$

also:

yeste-day

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ed$ He-e a-e so5e i5po-tanti--e.ula-


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&$Put the verb in the correct for0 ofthe past (positive, negative or4uestion!.

a! I @@ (Pla"! tennis "esterda" but I@@@@ (1otMwin!

b! We @@@ (Wait! a long ti0e for thebus but it @@@@ (1otMco0e!

c! hat is a nice shirt. Where @@@@@(8ouMbu"! it?

d! AB @@@ (ItMrain! "esterda"?

#B 1o, it was a nice da".

e! Wh" @@@@@ (8ouMdo! it?

2$ 'ill in the blank.O Edd" @@@@@ "ears old last "ear.$o, she is twent":three "ears old now.

3$6ead the part and answer the4uestions about the part.

THE G(EAT LEA:E( ATATR( Atat[rk was born in $elVnik in UU.)is father was Ali 6>a Efendi, and his0other was =[be"de )an0. )isparents called hi0 /ustafa. )is father, Ali 6>a Efendi diedwhen little /ustafa startes pri0ar"school, so the" 0oved to another cit".he" sta"ed there with his uncle. )eworked on his uncles far0 for

so0eti0e. hen, he went back to$elVnik, and startes \e0si Efendi

$chool again. ater, he entered thee


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g! Who did give hi0 to O/ustafana0e?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

h! Which countr" did he found?

@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

i! When did he found it countr"?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

! Where is his 0ausoleu0?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

k! What was his 0aths teachers na0e?@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

)E6E I$M)E6E A6E

T"e-e isa 0an on the roof.

/onda"uesda"Wednesda"hursda"'rida"$aturda"$unda"

T"e-e a-eseven da"s in a week.

singular:

there is @ (theres!

there is not@ (there isnt or theres not!is there @?

plural:

there are @there are not @ (there arent!are there @?

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c! @@@@@ five people in 0" fa0il"B0" parents, 0" two sisters and 0e.

d! We cant take an" photographs.@@@@@@@ a fil0 in the ca0era.

e! )ow 0an" students @@@@@ in"our class?

f! Where can we sit? @@@@@@ an"chairs.

&$)ow 0an" students are there in"our class? Write down.@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

)2W /A18M)2W /7C)

We use O)ow 0an" for countableand plural obects.e


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a kilo of sugar

half kilo of cheese

a packet of tea

a bowl of soup

a bottle of 0ilk

a cup of coffee

so5e

We use so0eD, for countable anduncountable, singular and plural andpositive.e


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e


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here is so0ething under the tree. Itcan be a dog.

So5et"in.(obect, ani0als, etc.!J a thing but we dont know that.

_>le0 lives so5ew"e-enear /e


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,e use t"ese 7o- tellin. ou- wis"o- wis"es$,antF,ant to

Positive and 1egative

IWe (N! WA1 or WA1 2N 98ou (:! %21 WA1 or Want toN 9he"

)e (N! WA1$ or WA1$ 2N9$he (:! %2E$1 WA1 or %2E$1

WA1 2N 9It

3uestion

I%o 8ou WA1 or WA1 2N9

Wehe"

)e%oes $he WA1 or WA1

2N 9It

,ould li+eF,ould li+e to


I

We8ouhe" N! would like or would like toN9)e :! wouldnt like or wouldnt like$he toN9It

3uestion

I

8ouWeWould he" like orD like toN9

)e$heIt

ATTENTI6NWe use would and want for onl"nouns.

WouldN nounWant N noun

We use want to and would like to foronl" verbs.

Would like toN9erbWant toN 9erb

E'E(CISES

#$ 'ill in the blanks with would like,would like to, want, want to, wouldntlike, wouldnt like to, dontMdoesntwant, dontMdoesnt want to.

a! I @@@@ Xpolite, positiveY coffee.

b! )e @@@@Xrude, negativeY ride ahorse.

c! We @@@@Xrude, positiveY besuccessful students.

d! he" @@@@ Xpolite,negativeY stud".

e! $he @@@@ Xpolite, positiveY have agood ob.

%$What would "ou like and whatwould "ou like to do? Write down.

a! @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@.b! @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@.

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c! @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@.d! @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@.e! @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@.&$What doesnt "our desk:friend wantand what doesnt "our desk:friend

want to do?

a! @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@.b! @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@.c! @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@.d! @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@.e! @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@.

2 P6E'E6

(ead t"e dialo.ue$

A %o "ou like to pla" video ga0es?B 1o, I dont like. I prefer co0puter tovideo ga0es.AWh" do "ou prefer pla"ingco0puter to pla"ing co0puter ga0es?B #ecause it is 0ore eno"able thanvideo ga0es.

,"at did "appen? ,"at did

t"ey spea+? ,-ite down$@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

,e use t"e -ule o7 si5plep-esent tense 7o- tellin. ou-p-e7e-ene$

E'E(CISES

#$Write their preference. 7se thetableau.

e


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C2/PA6I$I21 2'A%+ECI9E$

Ali is twent" "ears old.Ah0et is twent":one "ears old.

Ah0et is older than Ali.Ali is "ounger than Ah0et.

Ah0et isnt "ounger than Ali.Ali isnt older than Ah0et.

We use ^er for short adectives (s"llable!.

E


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We use O0ore and Othe 0ost fortwo and 0ore s"llables.

E


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:o t"e5 usin. t"e in7o$

#$Ah0et is ,US 0. /eh0et is ,RS 0. @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

%$here are roo0s in our house.here are K roo0s in their house. @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

&$Elif alwa"s gets SS in English. A"ealwa"s gets SS in English. @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

2$)er car is KSSS. 8our car is KSSS. @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

2#+EC P621271$I/e8ou8ou)e)i0$he)erItItWe7s8ou8ou

he"

he"

P2$$E$$I9E P621271$I0ine8ou"ours)ehis$hehersItItsWe2urs8ou8ours

he"heirs

6E'E;I9E P621271$Ib" 0"self8oub" "ourself)eb" hi0self$heb" herselfWeb" ourselves8oub" "ourselveshe"b" the0selves

)E $A/EA$M%I''E6E1 '62/

stbook Gndbookhe first book is the sa0e as the secondbook.

stbook Gndbook

he first book is different fro0 second

book.

(9LET"e sa5e asNoun t"e sa5e as noun

:i77e-ent 7-o5Noun di77e-ent 7-o5 noun

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: It is the sa0e as "our bag.Ma+e sentenes usin. t"e sa5eas o- di77e-ent 7-o5 in t"e7ollowin. *lan+s$#. 2ur car is blue. 8our car is green.

@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@%$/" na0e is i0. )is na0e is %avid. @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@&$A"es acket is orange. /ine acketis orange. @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@2$)er foreign language is English. )isforeign language is 'rench. @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

W)A %2 827 )I1-2' I?

What do "ou think of(about! N 1ounor

What do "ou think of(about!N9erbing

AWhat do "ou think of the food?BI think, it is delicious.

C Can I help "ou?:8es, please. Id like to bu" a presentfor 0" 0o0.CWhat do "ou think of bu"ing forher?:I think, shed like a new bracelet.

EWhat do "ou think of bad0inton?)I think, it is e


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Wh" @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

b! I have to go ho0e.Wh" @@@@@@@@@@@@@@

c! +o" has to work this evening.When @@@@@@@@@@@@@@

d! he" have to leave earl".What @@@@@@@@@@@@@@

W)A I$ )E /AE6WI) 827?AWhat is the 0atter with "ou?BIve got a sore throat.

AWh" dont "ou see a doctor?BI did.AWhat did he sa"?B)e gave 0e so0e drugs.

CWhere were "ou "esterda"?:I was at the dentists.CWhat was the 0atter with "ou?:I had a toothache.CIs it aching now?:1o. I fell nice now.

ILNESSESI! a sore throat

II! the 0easles III! a te0perature I9! a toothache 9! flu 9I! a sto0achache 9II! a cold 9III! a headache

W)8 %21 827@?AI0 bored.BWh" dont we go to park?AI0 not feeling well.BWhat is the 0atter with "ou?AIve a headache.BI0 so sorr". #ut I a0 sure, "oullget better.Ahanks.

E'E(CISES#. /atch the sentences in A with thesentences in #.

A$ B$

(@! I0 tired.

(@! /" car isver" old.(@! I dontfell well.(@! We arethirst".

(@! I dontsee well.

)E8 $A8M)E $A8$@!o"nB What does #ob sa"?Geo-.eB )e sa"s, he is ver" happ"toda".!o"nWh" is he happ" toda"?Geo-.eB )e sa"s, toda" is his birthda".

!o"n2hH I didnt know that. ell hi00" best wishes.Geo-.e2-. I told hi0 "our bestwishes and he thanks "ou.

E'E(CISES#$Ask and answer as in the e


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: T"e "ild-enWe do our ho0eworkever" da".A@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@B@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

7$E% 2PositiveBA subect N used to N 9erb(Ever" subect can!

1egativeBA subect N didnt use to N 9erb(Ever" subect can!

3uestionB%id N A subect N use to N 9erb(Ever" subect can!:$erap used to work for thegovern0ent.: Tea"e-B %id "ou use to pla"basketball? Ben 1o, I didnt use to pla"basketball.

Tea"e-)ow about "our brother?

Ben8es, he used to.: I used to do 0" ho0eworks.: %id he use to run?: $he didnt use to use co0puter

E'E(CISES#$Ask 4uestions to the underlinedwords.a! @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@he" used to live in a village ten "earsago.

b! @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@1o, he didnt use to be a student inRU.c! @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@8es, 0" father used to s0oke atuniversit".d! @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@We used to go to our school on foot.

%$What did "ou use to do and whatdidnt "ou use to do? Write down.

I used toZ@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

@@@@@@@@@

I didnt use toZ@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

P6E$E1 PE6'EC

E1$E

)is shoes are dirt".

)e is cleaning his shoes.

)e has cleaned his shoes.(J his shoes are clean now!

has cleanedM have gone etc. is thepresent perfect. (haveMhas N pastparticiple!

GQ


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IWe8ouhe"

N B)ave

: B)avent

9erb:

(pastparticiple!

Cleaned'inished:oneBeenBou."tTa+en

)e$heIt

N B )as: B )asnt

3uestionB

)ave

I8ouWehe"

9erb:

(pastparticiple!

Cleaned'inished:one

BeenBou."tTa+en

)as

)e$heIt

,e use t"e p-esent pe-7ettense 7o- an ation in t"e pastwit" a -esult now$

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know known

leave left

lose lost

0ake 0ade

0eet 0et

pa" paid

put put

read read

ring rung

sa" said

see seen

sell sold

sit sat

sleep slept

speak spoken

stand stood

take taken

tell told

think thought

understand understood

win won

write written

Ti5e isnt i5po-tant in t"ep-esent pe-7et tense$:I bought a new car "esterda".:I have bought a new car.

(! he door is close.(G! +ill is opening the door.(! +ill has opened the door.

!ust a s"o-t ti5e a.o$ )o-positi


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E'E(CISES#$What has happened?a! (heMcleanMhis shoes!@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

b! (sheMcloseMthe window!@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@c! (the"MgoMto bed!@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@d! (heMhave a bath!@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@e! (the pictureMfallMdown!@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

%$Co0plete sentences with the verbs.e

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Essential Grammar xs