ESaTDORProfessor David Shaw

School of Environmental SciencesLiverpool University

European Seas and Territorial Development, Opportunities and Risks

Territorial Agenda of the EU 2020 ‘Maritime activities are essential for territorial cohesion in Europe. ........

The Marine Strategy Framework Directive and EU Integrated Maritime Policy call for coordinated actions from Member States on maritime spatial planning. Such planning should be integrated into the existing planning systems to enable harmonious and sustainable development of a land-sea continuum.’

(Informal Ministerial Meeting of Ministers responsible for Spatial Planning and Territorial Development, 2011, para55).

Territorial and Terrestrial are not synonymousNew ways of conceptualising territorialityNew ways of workingNew information requirements

Reconceptualising the Territorial Agenda

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Terrestrial and marine elements of a nations territory

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• Map the different types of sea use across Europe to develop typology of coastal/marine regions drawing on existing ESPON typologies

• Identify developmental opportunities (and constraints) for different coastal/marine regions

• Explore best practice in terms of terrestrial-marine governance

• Provide guidance and advice on how these critical assets can be effectively and democratically managed

• Suggest further areas for research to maximise opportunities, but minimise human impacts on marine assets

ESaTDOR- Dipping ESPON Toes in the Water

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The Team

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Project Partners Thematic Responsibilities Sea Responsibilities

PP1 University of Liverpool, UK (Shaw, Kidd Jay and McGowan Energy Atlantic Ocean

PP2 Norwegian Institute for Urban and Regional Planning, Norway (Langerland, Juvkam and Kvinge)

Economic Use Arctic Ocean

PP3 MCRIT, Spain (Esquius-Rafat and Ulied Transport and Shipping Mediterranean Sea

PP4 University Malaga, Spain (Iglesias-Campos and Ruiz-Sinoga) Data Protocols and Mapping

PP5 University of Valencia, Spain (Farinos) Coastal Governance Case Study Guidance

PP6 Leibniz Institute for Baltic Seas Research, Germany, (Holger) Baltic Sea

PP7 VU University- IVM, Netherlands Jansen and Gilbert) Coastal and Marine Ecosystems North Sea

PP8 Thessaly University, Greece (Cocossis and Gonzalez) Coastal Governance Mediterranean

PP9 Constanta Maritime University University ,Romania, Panait and Stanca) Black Sea

ESaTOR- Dipping ESPONS toes in the water

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Preliminary Findings

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Thematic Area Key Territorial Development Opportunities Key Risks Economic Use Climate change > new fisheries species

Infrastructure associated with new maritime routes Aquaculture development Increased cruise tourism Ecotourism Development of new technologies in shipbuilding and

marine renewable energy production Marine equipment

Inadequate governance arrangements for resource exploitation (Arctic/Mediterranean)

Environmental pressures caused by intensive coastal land use

Pollution threat to marine living and non-living resources

Relatively high labour costs requires high capital intensity and ongoing innovation activities

Energy and Pipelines

Fossil Fuel Development Marine Renewables International energy and telecommunication grids Carbon Storage

Increased carbon emissions associated with oil and gas development

Environmental damage associated with new energy sources

Restrictions to other sea uses associated with energy development

Transport Growth of Shipping New maritime routes (esp. Arctic) Short Sea Shipping Cruise Activity New Infrastructure Gas and Oil Shipping Leisure development

Shipping accidents Pollution Administrative barriers to shipping/transport of goods

Environment Associated with good environmental quality: Ecotourism Conservation services Fisheries

Associated with poor environmental quality: Fisheries and aquaculture depletion Species loss Loss of natural sea defences Human health impacts

Regional Seas Defined

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Data Collection Challenges

• Lack of availability and consistency of marine data

• Inconsistency in maritime boundaries

• Varying scale of land sea interactions

• Difficulty in disaggregating data sets – between land and sea and between different sea areas

• Lack of established protocol for sub-sea mapping

ESPON Data mapping Toolkit December

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Typology of Seas

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• Proposal: a 5-category typology based on varying experience related to levels of human use; maritime connections, land sea interactions, environmental conditions and risk, and economic significance.

Governance

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“Spatial planning refers to methods used ...to influence the future distribution of activities in space. It balances demands for development, with the need to protect the environment and to achieve social and economic objectives” (CEC1997).

Anticipated Policy Outcomes• Consistency and effectiveness of coastal and maritime data

collection• Innovative ways of understanding land sea interactions• Suggestions and encouragement for more effective governance

arrangements• Preliminary identifications of areas territorial development risks and

opportunities taking into account the marine environment.

Conclusions

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