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ESA Missions and Related Activities in the ILWS Framework. Hermann J. Opgenoorth Solar System Missions Division Research and Science Support Department ESA - ESTEC. Ulysses. Exploring the Heliosphere in 4 Dimensions. Ulysses Milestones. Launch: 6 Oct 1990 by space shuttle Discovery - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Solar System Missions Division
ESA Missions and Related Activities
in the ILWS Framework Hermann J. Opgenoorth
Solar System Missions DivisionResearch and Science Support Department
ESA - ESTEC
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Solar System Missions Division
Ulysses
Exploring the Heliosphere in 4 Dimensions
Solar System Missions Division
Ulysses Milestones
• Launch: 6 Oct 1990 by space shuttle Discovery
• Polar Passes:
1994 (south) / 1995 (north)
2000 (south) / 2001 (north)
2006/7 (south) / 2007/8 (north)
• End of Prime Mission: 30 Sep 1995
• ESA Extensions of Scientific Operations:
Jun 1993 SPC: 1 Oct 1995 – 31 Dec 2001 (6.2 yrs)
Jun 2000 SPC: 1 Jan 2002 – 30 Sep 2004 (2.75 yrs)
Feb 2004 SPC: 1 Oct 2004 – 31 Mar 2008 (3.5 yrs)
Nov 2007 SPC: 1 Apr 2008 – early 2009 (on contingency funds to support Great Observatory)
On 15 Jan 2008 loss of X-band transmitter - continued operation on S-Band
…with slowly freezing hydrazine because of absent X-band transmitter heat output.
June 12, 2008: END-OF-MISSION Press Event in Paris ESA-HQ - Orbit in Peace - Ulysses !!!
Solar System Missions Division
Ulysses 3rd round over the sun’s poles
Solar System Missions Division
Ulysses: still measuring the polar solar wind
Fast wind from the N polar coronal hole
X-band Anomaly (15 Jan 2008)
[ Max. N latitude (80°) reached on 14 Jan 2008 ]
velocity
density
temperature
perihelion
Fast wind from the S polar coronal hole
Solar System Missions Division
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SOHO - our eye on the Sun
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Solar System Missions Division
SOHO’s Future• Current mission extension until 12/2009
• Joint programs with HINODE and STEREO
• 08/2008: Launch of “next-generation SOHO”: SDO
• 2009: cross-calibration of MDI/EIT with SDO
• > 2010: reduced automated mission (Bonus/Bogart mission)
(coronagraphs, TSI,…)
• Recent Senior review outcome: continued operation to 2013 (See NASA presentation)
• ESA decision pending - presentation to Nov 2008 SPC (in competition)
Solar System Missions Division
magnetopause
cusplobe
magnetosheath
solarwind
plasma sheet
bow shock
Scientific regions visited by Cluster: Scientific regions visited by Cluster: daysidedayside
February
Solar System Missions Division
magnetopause
cusp lobe
magnetosheath
solarwind
plasma sheet
bow shock
Scientific regions visited by Cluster: Scientific regions visited by Cluster: nightsidenightside
September
Solar System Missions Division
Cluster milestones• Cluster I launched by Ariane 5 (failure): 4 June 1996
• Cluster II first Launch: 16 July 2000 by Soyuz Fregat (first ESA spacecraft from Baikonour)
• Second launch: 10 August 2000 by Soyuz Fregat
• End of Prime Mission: 1 February 2003
• First extension: 1 Feb. 2003 - 31 Dec. 2005 + full orbit coverage
• Cluster active archive startup: Feb 2003
• 2nd extension: 1 Jan. 2006 - 31 Dec. 2009 Very successful mid-term review in late 2007
• Because of raised perigee no reentry until 2013
• New 4 year extension proposal (including coll.
with Themis and Swarm) to be submitted to
Nov 2008 SPC (decision in competition)
2001
2008-2009
2010-2013 decreased inclination
Solar System Missions Division
Cluster observed long electron diffusion region near magnetic reconnection
Simulation of magnetic reconnection [Shay et al., 2007]
Solar System Missions Division
Cluster observations in electron diffusion region[Phan et al., Phys. Rev. Let., 2007]
Very good agreement between observations and simulations
Observations Simulations
B-field
Velocity
Density
CLUSTER
[Lavraud et al., Geophys. Res. Lett, 2007]
CME accelerate plasma above 1000 km/s near magnetosphere
SOHO CME
Cluster high speed flows and simulations
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SolarWindspeed
Solar System Missions Division
10
100
1000
10000
100000
Jan-01 Jan-02 Jan-03 Jan-04 Jan-05 Jan-06 Jan-07
Date
Inter-spececraft distance (Km)
C1,C2,C3C3,C4
cusptail
C1
C2
C3
C4
d
Separation distances changed every 6 Separation distances changed every 6 monthsmonths
50km!
“Multiscale”
April-May 2008: 45 deg. tilt of C3 close to C4 - first real 3-d field and wave measurements !
ESA Support to Hinode
• ESA, in sub-contractual collaboration with the Norwegian Space Centre, provides
one additional downlink contact to Hinode for each of the 15 orbits per day
• This support considerably improves the overall scientific data return and the cadence of
observations from the Hinode mission
• The European scientific community is
catered with processed data through
a dedicated Hinode data centre
at the University of Oslo
• MoU with JAXA about partnership
• ESA commitment maintained after X-band
Failure and activities presently shifted to
increased support via S-band stations, also
utilising Norwegian assets in Antarctica.
Hinode
ESA - EOP Living Planet 3-satellite mission to study core dynamics and geodynamo processes, crustal magnetisation, and ocean circulation from low Earth orbit. Ionosphere-magnetosphere current systems and magnetic forcing of the upper atmosphere need to be derived and taken care of - “one man’s noise is another man’s data” Selected by Earth Obs. Program Board for Launch in 2009 (now late 2010) Electric Field Instrument (Ion Drift Meter) provided by CSA in collaboration with ESA Science Programme
Plan to use new Cluster extension for collaboration in ionosphere / magnetosphere interaction studies during 2011-2012 Plan to use extensive ground-based network for calibration and science
ILWS Future Missions - SWARM
Solar System Missions Division
PROBA - 2 ESA Technology Demonstrator
Project for On-Board Autonomy within ESA D/TECSuccessor of PROBA1 (launched in 2001, dedicated to Earth observation)
ESA mission with Belgium as lead funder (through GSTP)
Prime contractor: Verhaert Design & Devl. (Belgium)
Schedule: development 2003-2006 and expected launch in 2009 into an LEO 06-18 Sun-synchronous orbit
Following a proposal to the ESA NLM programme the Proba-2 science operation has been «adopted« for a 2 year mission duration by the May 2006 SPC meeting - at a cost of 2.8 Meuro for ESA.
Implementation of operation support presently ongoing
Solar System Missions Division
Clear ESA and European memberstateinterest to participate in this mission -but discussion presently on hold,awaiting clarity about Solar Orbiterpayload selection
KuaFu - in detailed study phase within CNSA, CMA, and PKUSolar Storm, Aurora and Space Weather Exploration
Launch Date: 2012
Solar System Missions Division
Bepi Colombo:two satellites
to Mercury’s
magnetosphere
Solar System Missions Division
Bepi Colombo:two satellites
to Mercury’s
magnetosphere
Mission/Programmatic Status at present:
Recent mass crisis (>500 kg) makesSoyuz launcher no longer feasible
Due to heat load new heavier structuremust be developed, now using Ariane 5launcher with expected date of 2014
Expected cost increase : order of 180 M€
Vote in SPC June 2008 not to cancel the mission following SPRT recommendation
Other cost increases in H/P, Gaia, LPFrequire reassessment of CV programme
Renewed discussion about “overheated”Science Programme at next SPC (Nov 08)… stay tuned
Solar System Missions Division
Solar Orbiter Next major Solar and
Heliospheric mission ESA ILWS flagship
2015 - 2025
Now with theInner
HeliosphericSentinels
Solar System Missions Division
4 Inner Heliospheric Spacecraft OrbitsJoint Solar Orbiter / Sentinels (“SOS”) Science and Technology Definition Team (JSTDT) installed by ESA and NASA evaluated synergistic science opportunities such a joint mission and defined an updated joint mission definition. Obvious science opportunities are • the remote sensing capabilities of Solar Orbiter added to the in situ Sentinels and • a multi-spacecraft in-situ heliospheric connectivity to any such observations on the Sun added to the Solar orbiter mission• increased overall data return
JSTDT report published in Autumn 2007
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Solar System Missions Division
• Nov SPC meeting: Solar Orbiter confirmed in Cosmic Vision at
cost cap of 300 Meuro (assumption of NASA launcher)• Oct 2007: Parallel AO for Solar Orbiter (ESA)
and FOSO - SMEX (NASA)• Jan/Febr 2008: Payload Proposals received by ESA and NASA• April/May 2008: payload categorisation NASA and selection ESA• 9 June 2008: payload selection coordination meeting ESA/NASA (announcement around time of next ESA NASA Bilateral, 16 July 08)• Status within ESA at present:
- Crisis of Bepi Colombo may spill over to SO in terms of cost and time schedule- Solar Orbiter may enter timeframe of new
Cosmic Vision- At present activities continued with launch
option 2015, but newly initiated cost and schedule
reassessment.
Solar Orbiter Mission Status
Solar System Missions Division
COSMIC VISION 2015-2025
Overwhelming response to Cosmic Vision call ca 90 proposals (~50 for SS)In Solar System area down-selection to 2 M class and 2 L class missions
M - Class Missions (300 M€ envelope):
Marco Polo - sample return mission to asteroid
Cross Scale - true multi-scale mission for general space plasma physicsconsiderable interest for ILWS and international collaboration (see next slides)
L - Class Missions (650 M€ envelope): to be down-selected to only 1 in late 2009
Laplace - Jovian system and Tandem - Kronian system missions
Solar System Missions Division
Euclid-400-51b
In Astronomy area similar down-selection to M-missions:Plato (extra-solar planet finder), Euclid (dark energy) and Spica (Infrared Space telescope with JAXA) andL-Mission: Xeus (X-ray observatory)
After parallel studies of all competitors in 2009/10 final down-selection toone M- and one L-mission (possibly two M-missions with larger envelope)
Competetive L-mission from present programme
Solar System Missions Division
Cross-Scale – key concepts• Multiple spacecraft clusters /constellations on a hierarchy of scales
• Electron groupElectron instruments3 axis electric and magnetic fields
• Ion groupFast ion instrumentsMagnetic field instruments
• Fluid groupBulk plasma and field instrumentsEnergetic particles
• NoteNeed different instrumentation at each scaleOther agencies could provide one or more scales
Cross-Scale
34
Mission requirements• Key Concepts
Behaviour ≠ Behaviour of – Simultaneous multi-scale– Near-Earth: unique in situ plasma
laboratory
• Mission Design– Electron Scale: Comprehensive
payload– Ion Scale: Targeted payload– Fluid Scale: Context payload– Focus: coupling between scales– Extensive payload at electron scale:
JAXA SCOPE
Cross-Scale
35
Alternative configurations
Three tetrahedra Shared corner
Cross-Scale
36
Orbit/Launch• Near-Earth space contains
– Shocks– Reconnection– Turbulence
• Orbit: 1.4x25 Re or 10x25 Re (14 deg. inclination)
• Launch up to 10 s/c via dispenser, • presently studying 5 and 7 s/c
options.• Separate SCOPE launch for 2
JAXA + 3rd party• Extendable by other agencies
Cross-Scale
37
Planning• Selected for further study in October 2007• Science Study Team composition (Nov 2007)• Concurrent Design Facility study (Dec 2007)• Invitation to tender to Industry (Mar 2008)• Selection of 2 parallel studies (May/June 2008)• Industrial Study for 1 year• Selection of one M and one L or alternatively two M missions in late 2009
Solar System Missions Division
Other ESA NewsScience Directorate (D/Sci) will cease to exist on 15 June 2008
New Directorate of Science and Robotic Exploration (D/SRE)Director remains the same: D. Southwood re-appointed 1+2 yrs to April 2011Main effect initially: ExoMARS will fall in D/SRE responsibility area
RSSD split into Sci-S (Scientific part, mainly in ESTEC, NL) and Sci-O (Operational part, mainly in ESAC, Spain) (VN’s out June 11, 2008)
“Nationally Led Missions” concept will continue, biennial calls for proposals
SOLAR Payload Suite has started to operate on ISS Columbus module
New ESA Council proposal for Space Situation Awareness Programme (incl. SW) to Conf. of Ministers in Nov. 2008 (see A. Glover, End-User TG)
Proba-3 continues within ESA Technology Directorate (D/TEC): Formation Flying Demonstrator with possibly a coronagraph on main spacecraft and separate occulter on second spacecraft.
Solar System Missions Division
European ILWS Strategy in an Overview
Major ESA Support or ESA – led Modest ESA Support
Strong ESA/SCI endorsement
1 Sun and Solar Wind Energy Source
Soho & Ulysses ext.Solar Orbiter BC–MMO SolarSent.
Solar – B grnd. stat.Coronagraph (MoO)Stereo grnd. stat
L1 mission(s)Solar - ISS Proba - 2
2a Ionosphere - Thermosphere Energy deposition
Swarm To be identifiedDemeterRavens
2b Magnetosphere Energy conversion
Cluster / DSP extensionM 3 development
NLM’scandidates tbi
OrbitalsFrisbeeNational Multi-Sats
3 Sun and Climate End-to-End Observ.
_ TSI M of Opp / C-PhPicard & Earthshine
_
4 Data Exploitation, Analysis & Models
Cluster Active Archive (CAA)
SDO DB or EN-SVO Stereo / Solar–B GrSt
Model and Theory Space Weather / GB
European ILWS Strategy in an Overview
Major ESA Support
or ESA – ledModest ESA Support
Strong ESA/SCI endorsement
1 Sun and Solar Wind Energy Source
Soho & Ulysses ext.Solar Orbiter <==BC–MMO SolarSent.
Solar – B grnd. stat.Coronagraph (Soho Bonus Miss.)Stereo grnd. stat. <=
L1 mission(s)> KuaFu ASolar - ISS (D/HME) == Proba - 2
2a Ionosphere - Thermosphere Energy deposition
Swarm To be identified
DemeterRavens -> KuaFu B
2b Magnetosphere Energy conversion
Cluster / DSP extensionCross-Scale (CV15-25)
NLM’s (?)candidates tbi
Orbitals -> RBSP ?Frisbee (?)Natnl. Multi-Sats(?)
3 Sun and Climate End-to-End Observ.
SOHO Bonus <== Mission (TSI)
TSI - Mission of Opp. Earthshine (?)
Picard (CNES)
4 Data Exploitation, Analysis & Models
Cluster Active Archive (CAA)
SDO DB or EN-SVO Stereo / Solar–B GrSt
Model and Theory Space Weather / GB