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ERP System and Current Practices. References Vernadat, Enterprise modeling and integration 王立志 , 系統化運籌與供應鏈管理 Keller, SAP R/3 process-oriented implementation Oracle ERP training handouts Shtub, Enterprise Resource Planning. Drivers for Enterprise Integration. Lower customer loyalty. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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ERP System and Current Practices
References
Vernadat, Enterprise modeling and integration 王立志 , 系統化運籌與供應鏈管理 Keller, SAP R/3 process-oriented implementati
on Oracle ERP training handouts Shtub, Enterprise Resource Planning
Drivers for Enterprise Integration
Enterprise
Lower price Lower customer loyalty
Shorter time to market / customerBetter quality
Shorter productlife cycle
More choices
Source: 林欽文 , “Supply chain management in Taiwan’s mfg,” in 1999 CALS/eBusiness 管理與技術研討會
Enterprise System Integration Trend
ACC
BOM PUR
INV EOS
POS
FIN SFC
CAD/CAM
MRP MRPⅡ
EISCIM
ERPEDI
CALS SCP/SCM
Time
ExtranetECGL
Systemintegration
Island system
Partiallyintegrated
system
Individualenterpriseintegration
Supply chainintegration
Inter-Enterprise Integration vs. Intra-Enterprise Integration
Partnershipcontrol system
Bank
Retailers
In-houseinventory
control
PlantX
PlantA
PlantB
In-housemanufacturing
logisticscontrol
inter-enterpriseinteractions
MPR
Enterprise 1 Enterprise 2
Inter-enterpriseintegration level
Intra-enterpriseintegration level
Local sitecontrol systems
Enterprise Integration: Definition
Enterprise integration is concerned with facilitating information, control, and material flows across organizational boundaries by connecting all the necessary functions and heterogeneous functional entities in order to improve communication, cooperation, and coordination within this enterprise so that the enterprise behaves as an integrated whole, therefore enhancing its overall productivity, flexibility, and capacity for management of change.
The aims of enterprise integration are: to enable communication among the various functional entities of the
enterprise to provide interoperability of IT applications, and to facilitate coordination of functional entities for executing business
processes
Enterprise Integration Migration Path
Migration PathEnterprise
AS-ISState
EnterpriseTO-BEState
BusinessObjectives
BusinessConstraints
ReferenceModels
ModelingFormalism
EvaluationCriteria
StructuredApproach
Your Enterprise
Distribution
CustomerServices
SharedServices
OrderMgmt
AR
Production
Planning
Engineering
Procurement
AP
Supplier Network
CustomerNetwork
EDI EDI
ERP was the Enabler of Intra-Enterprise Integration
The Old ERP World
3PL
delivery schedule
confirmation
Business Process
Outsourcing
self-service
ContractManufacturing
schedulesconfirmation
CRM
Port
al
Fulfillment Planning
FinancialInstitutions
e-invoicee-checkconfirmation
Trading Exchange
requisition
FinancialInstitutions
e-invoicee-check
confirmationrequirementsfeedback
Customers
CollaborativeDesign
e-ERP Model
e-Business Application Architecture
Acc
ou
nti
ng
&A
cco
un
tin
g &
Fin
anci
als
Fin
anci
als
Acc
ou
nti
ng
&A
cco
un
tin
g &
Fin
anci
als
Fin
anci
als
Pro
du
ctio
nP
rod
uct
ion
Pro
du
ctio
nP
rod
uct
ion
Lo
gis
tic
sL
og
isti
cs
Lo
gis
tic
sL
og
isti
cs
Sal
es &
Sal
es &
Dis
trib
uti
on
Dis
trib
uti
on
Sal
es &
Sal
es &
Dis
trib
uti
on
Dis
trib
uti
on
Hu
ma
nH
um
an
Res
ou
rces
Res
ou
rces
Hu
ma
nH
um
an
Res
ou
rces
Res
ou
rces
Enterprise Resource PlanningEnterprise Resource PlanningEnterprise Resource PlanningEnterprise Resource Planning
e-Supply Chain Managemente-Supply Chain Managemente-Supply Chain Managemente-Supply Chain Management
Business Business Partners,Partners,SuppliersSuppliers
Business Business Partners,Partners,SuppliersSuppliers
Customers,Customers,ResellersResellers
Customers,Customers,ResellersResellers
CR
MC
RM
CR
MC
RM
Em
plo
yees
Em
plo
yees
Em
plo
yees
Em
plo
yees
HR
MS
/OR
MS
HR
MS
/OR
MS
HR
MS
/OR
MS
HR
MS
/OR
MS
Source: 鄭正中 , Paragon
e-Supply Chain Information Backbone
Elements of Enterprise Information System
Advanced planning and scheduling (APS) advanced system to provide from supply chain optimization to
real-time shop floor control Enterprise resource planning (ERP)
transactional backbone to ensure data integrity and best business processes
Manufacturing execution system (MES) management of information related to the production processes to
efficiently utilize resources (macro-level process control) Manufacturing control system (MCS)
real-time control of the production processes (micro-level process control)
Product data management (PDM) management of product data information across the enterprise
Functions of Enterprise Information System
Supply ChainStrategic Planning
Supply Chain Planning
Supply ChainNetwork Planning
Finance
Project Management
Service Management
WarehouseManagement
Demand planning and Forecasting
Supply Planning
Inventory Planning
Sales and OperationsPlanning
Distribution Planning
Transportation Planning
Shipment Scheduling
ManufacturingForecasting
MPSMRPCRP
DistributionDRP
Inventory ControlPurchase Control
TransportationManagement
APS ERP
DispatchingProduction Unit
Product Tracking &Genealogy
Shop FloorOperation Scheduling
Shop Floor Control
Resource Allocation& StatusMaintenance
ManagementPerformance
Analysis
Quality Assurance
Product Structure,BOM
ConfigurationManagement
Process Planning
Manual Process Control
Programmable LogicController
Supervisory Controland Data Acquisition
Distribution Control System
Human Machine Interface
EngineeringChange
CAD / CAM
MES
MCS
PDMQualityManagement
Data CollectionAcquisitionLabor Management
Document Control
Process Control
Interactions between ERP/APS and MES
Shop Floor ScheduleProduct DemandBOM / Recipe / Formula / DrawingResourceRouting / ProcessLabor CharacteristicsInventory StatusSOP, HEALTH, WORK Instructions
Order Status / CompletionsResource Status / Usage
Labor Status UsageMaterial Status / Usage
Actual BOM / RecipeActual Routing / Process
Product TraceabilityScrap / Waste
CostingProduct DefinitionProcess DefinitionHuman ResourcesStandard Operation ProcedureInventory ManagementPurchasingDistributionProduction Planning Forecasting Shop Floor Operation Scheduling
Resource AllocationProduction DispatchingDocument ControlData Collection / AcquisitionLabor ManagementWIP Status / TraceabilityProduct TrackingQuality ManagementPerformance AnalysisProcess ManagementMaintenance Management
ERP/APS MES
Enterprise Resource Planning
Enterprise transactional backbone to ensure data integrity and best business processes
Using a single database streamlines the flow of information through a business
Four main (M) functions: Money (financial) Man (human resources) Manufacturing (production and logistics) Marketing (sales and distribution)
Need for an Integrated Database
Primaryrequirements
Demand foroutsourced
partsReference
units
Order foroutsourced
parts
Customerorder
Invoices
Pn-1PnP1 P2
Sales / Marking
Production
Engineering
Purchasing
Accounts payable
Accounts receivable
Production controllingSales / Marketinginformation system
...
...
...
Process : Order processing Function-orienteddata islands
Integrateddatabase
Functions Objects / Outputs = Products
Enterprise Resource Planning
CentralDatabase
Humanresource
managementapplications
Reportingapplications
Serviceapplication
Sales anddelivery
applications
Inventory and supplyapplications
Manufacturingapplications
Financialapplications
Managers andstakeholders
CustomersSuppliersBack-office
administratorsand workers
Sales forceand customerservice reps
Employees
Features of ERP Compared to MRPII Focus on external supply chain Client/server architecture (3 levels) Relationship database and SQL Graphic user interface Multiple database support Front-end systems for decision support Automated EDI Interoperability with multiple platforms Standard application programming
interfaces
Client/Server: Scalability
Presentation
ApplicationScalability
Database
......
ERP Market Size in 2000-2005
Data source: Gartner Group, 2002/10
Year Market Size(Million)
2000 33,619
2001 29,463
2002 30,203
2003 31,917
2004 34,157
2005 37,051
Global ERP Information Service in 2000-2005
Data source: Gartner Group, 2002/10 (in million)
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Software support 2,860 3,267 3,653 4,153 4,667 5,172
Consulting 4,154 3,648 3,816 4,071 4,255 4,602
Training 814 684 707 744 832 823
Development & Integration
15,946 13,827 14,556 15,624 16,585 18,122
Outsourcing Management
2,346 2,539 2,631 2,871 3,322 3,700
Total 26,120 23,965 25,363 27,464 29,661 32,419
Global ERP Information Service Market Growth Rate in 2000-2005
Data source: Gartner Group, 2002/10
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 01-05 CAGR
Software support 14% 12% 14% 12% 11% 12.17%
Consulting -12% 5% 7% 5% 8% 5.98%
Training -16% 3% 5% 12% -1% 4.74%
Development & Integration
-13% 5% 7% 6% 9% 7.00%
Outsourcing Management
8% 4% 9% 16% 11% 9.87%
Total -8% 6% 8% 8% 9% 7.85%
Global ERP Information Service Regional Market Growth Rate in 2000-2005
Data source: Gartner Group, 2002/10
Total 4.42%
Eastern Europe 5.51%
Japan 9.74%
Rest of the world 0.3%
Pacific Asia 9.58%
Western Europe 4.29%
Northern America 3.43%
Latin America 4.97%
Global ERP Software Market
Data source: Gartner Group, 2002/10 (in million)
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Manufacturing Management
3,192 2,147 1,931 1,757 1,774 1,824
Personnel Management
1,148 1,033 962 893 902 923
Financial
Management
3,159 2,318 1,947 1,803 1,820 1,885
Total 7,499 5,498 4,840 4,453 4,496 4,632
台灣 ERP 市場發展MRP部門
大型主機成本
少樣大量大眾市場
MRPII工廠
迷你電腦品質
多樣少量區隔市場
ERP企業
主從架構速度
多樣大量利基市場
EERP供應鏈網路運算協同規劃大量客製1對 1行銷
應用軟體應用範圍系統架構管理重點生產模式市場特性
2000-2003 年台灣 ERP 市場規模分析單位:新台幣十億元
1997 2.13
1998 4.68
1999 6.13
2000 7.72
2001 9.88
2002 12.65
2003 16.19
2000 年台灣 ERP 市場營收項目分析硬體 9%
軟體授權 31%
教育訓練 7%
維護支援 8%
顧問服務 45%
2000 年台灣 1000 大製造業 ERP 導入分析
暫時不考慮 24%
兩年內導入 13%
一年內導入 17%
已導入 46%
2000 年台灣中小企業 ERP 需求分析
不需要 50.2%
已導入 11.6%
計劃導入 38.2%
(26% 外商, 74%本土業者 )
SAP R/3 System
R/3
Client/Server
ABAP/4
FIFinancial
Accounting
COControlling
IMInvestment
Mgmt.
ISIndustrySolutions
WFWorkflow
PSProjectSystem
PMPlant
Mainten.
HRHuman
Resources
SDSales&
Distribution
QMQuality
Management
PPProductionPlanning
MMMaterials
Mgmt.
Oracle ERP System
Planning• Oracle Supply Chain Plannin
g• Oracle Rythmn• Oracle Master Scheduling• Oracle MRP• Oracle Capacity
Procurement• Oracle Purchasing• Oracle Payables• Oracle Supplier Scheduling• Oracle Web Suppliers
Manufacturing• Oracle Engineering• Oracle Bills of Material• Oracle Work in Process• Oracle Cost Management• Oracle Quality
Distribution• Oracle Order Entry• Oracle Product Configurator• Oracle Inventory • Oracle Receivables• Oracle Web Customers
Front Office• Oracle Sales & Marketing• Oracle Service• Oracle Apps. Data Warehou
se• Oracle Sales Compensation
Electronic Commerce• Oracle EDI Gateway• Oracle Alert• Oracle Workflow• Oracle Interoffice
Finance• Oracle General Ledger• Oracle Cash Management• Oracle Assets• Oracle Financial Analyzer• Oracle Project Costing• Oracle Project Billing• Oracle Prs’l Time & Expens
e
Human Resources• Oracle Human Resources• Oracle Payroll• Oracle Training Admin.• Oracle Time Management• Oracle Web Employees
Process Manufacturing • Oracle GEMMS
Oracle ERP Solutions
總帳系統
客戶訂單客戶訂單
主生產排程MPS
主生產排程MPS
要徑產能模擬
RCCP
要徑產能模擬
RCCP
物料需求計劃MRP
物料需求計劃MRP
請購作業 請購作業 採購作業 採購作業 收料作業 收料作業
生產指示DiscreteRepetitiveFlowProject
生產指示DiscreteRepetitiveFlowProject
生產發料生產發料
生產控制製程移轉
生產控制製程移轉
生產入庫生產入庫
出貨作業出貨作業細部產能模擬CRP
細部產能模擬CRP
應付帳款立帳
應付帳款立帳 付款作業 付款作業
應收帳款立帳
應收帳款立帳 收款作業 收款作業
票據管理 票據管理 成本管理成本管理主需求排程
MDS
主需求排程MDS
固定資產管理固定資產管理
供應鍵管理最佳化排程供應鍵管理最佳化排程
銷售預測FCST
銷售預測FCST
統一發票管理
統一發票管理
Generic Functions in an Enterprise
OrdersProcessing
OrdersDB
WarehousingDB
WarehousingManagement
TransportationManagement
OrdersDelivery
CustomerService
DistributionManagement
ATPAvailable to
Promise
MasterProductionSchedule
DemandPlanning
Sales & Distribution
SupplyPlanning
Procurement
PurchaseDB
PartsDB
InventoryManagement
Shop FloorControl
ManufacturingExecution
EquipmentControl
OperationsScheduling
WIPDB
SPCDB
QualityManagement
PlantMaintenance
Customer
FinanceControl
Administration
EIS /DSS
HRDevelopment
PersonnelDB
Acc.DB
Product DataManagement
CAD / CAE /CAx
ProductionEngineering
ProcessDesign
BOMDB
FacilityDB
Supplier
MaterialsPlanning
ProductionPlaning &Scheduling
Logistics Supporting
Product/ProcessDevelopment
Production
Source: 林欽文 , “Supply chain management in Taiwan’s mfg,” in 1999 CALS/eBusiness 管理與技術研討會
Potential Functions in ERP
OrdersProcessing
ERP
OrdersDB
WarehousingDB
WarehousingManagement
TransportationManagement
OrdersDelivery
ERP
CustomerServiceERP
DistributionManagement
ATPERP
SCP / MPSERP
DemandPlanning
ERP
SupplyPlanning
ProcurementERP
PurchaseDB
PartsDB
InventoryManagement
ERP
Shop FloorControl
MESERP
EquipmentControl
OperationsScheduling
WIPDB
SPCDB
QMERP
PMERP
Customer
FI & COERP
AdministrationERP
EIS / DSSERP
HRERP
PersonnelDB
Acc.DB
PDMERP
CAD / CAE /CAx
ProductionEngineering
ProcessDesign
BOMDB
FacilityDB
Supplier
MPRERP
FactoryPlanning
Sales & Distribution
Logistics Supporting
Product/ProcessDevelopment
Production
Source: 林欽文 , “Supply chain management in Taiwan’s mfg,” in 1999 CALS/eBusiness 管理與技術研討會
Order Fulfillment Process
The process is triggered by customer’s order.
The process is aimed at fulfilling customer’s order to ensure the long-term success of the organization.
Design of Order Fulfillment Process
Focus on Time, Cost, Flexibility, and Quality.
The key design factor is the way production and purchasing orders are initiated.
Order Fulfillment Process Chart
Order Management Order entry, order processing, order fulfillment
Customer Service Customer management, sales support (post-sales service), sales
returns
Sales & Marketing Sales planning, forecast, sales & distribution system information,
sales compensation, pricing & discount management.
Part I: Outbound Logistics
Order Management for e-BusinessGoal: Improve responsiveness & customer service
• Demand from all sources
• Customer self service
• Configuration w/ guided selling
• Global order promising
• Advanced pricing & deals
• Integrated fulfillment
• Tailorable user interface
• Flexible, high volume arch.
OrderManagement
DemandCapture
ConfigurationMgmt.
AdvancedPricing
GlobalATPRelease
Management
FlexibleWorkflow
Object-basedArchitecture
InventoryManagement
Customer Service
Customer Management Define customers, sites and contacts Maintain customer information Define credit limits and limits per order Define customer agreement and
payment
Customer Service Sales Support
Identify service requirement Create sale and service employee
plan Schedule service
Sales Return Determine return materials process Receive and inspect returns Credit to customers
Sales and Marketing
Sale Planning Plan sales quantity for groups of products Evaluate planned sales quantities with data
(sales revenue, rebates, discount) Plan profitability
Forecast Predict future price and demand
Sales and Distribution Information System Gather, condense and evaluate data from
sales
Sales & Marketing
Sales Compensation
Pricing and Discount Management Create pricing list Define currency Change price structure Define discount program
Part II: Production Logistics Production Planning
Sales and operations planning, demand management, master planning (MPS), MRP, capacity planning, scheduling
Inventory Control Inventory, WIP, logistics information system, warehouse management
Shop Floor Control Product & Process Development
Engineering, BOM, routing, materials forecast Quality
Planning, inspection, control, certification, notification. Plant Maintenance
Preventive maintenance, maintenance order management, service management
Part III: Inbound Logistics
Procurement Purchasing Supplier Scheduling Receiving Invoice Certification Vender Management
Part IV: Integrated Logistics
Human Resources Organizational Management, Workforce Planning, T
raining & Event Management, Recruitment, Time Management, Incentive Wages, Payroll, Travel, Personal Development.
Financial Management Investment Management, Cash Management, Depre
ciation Simulation, Capital Measures. Accounting Management
General Ledger, A/P, A/R, Legal Consolidation, Asset Management.
Part IV: Integrated Logistics
Cost Management Overhead Cost Controlling, Product Cost Controlling,
Profitability analysis. IT Related Management
E-commerce (Web employee, Suppliers, Customers), EDI, Workflow, Business Intelligence System (BIS), Exception System (alert).
Project Management Planning, Budgeting, Execution, Costing, Information
System.
ERP Implementation
Six Phases
Definition Operations Analysis Solution Design Build Transition Production
Objective of Six Phases
Definition: Determine current and future business needs.
Analysis: Map business models to applications.
Design: Define solutions and architecture. Build: Code and test solutions. Transition: Train users, convert data,
deploy systems. Production: Maintain and evaluate system.
11 Processes Business Process Architecture Business Requirements Definition Business Requirements Mapping Application & Technical
Architecture Module Design & Build Data Conversion Documentation Business System testing Performance Testing Adoption and Learning Production Migration
電腦化作業管理流程改善
Implementation Strategy
導入規劃導入策略導入專案組織與計劃Kick-Off Meeting
Operation Analysis
作業分析教育訓練 (Training)現行作業分析 (OA)
Solution Design
解決方案規劃解決方案規劃 (BRM)應用系統設定 (Config.)作業流程規劃 (SOP)客製化範圍的定案
Build
解決方案構築Documentation
作業文件製作 作業文件製作 (Documentation)
作業流程試作(SOP Walkthrough)專案小組測試 (CRP)客製化作業
相關操作人員訓練 (End User Training)操作人員操作測試 (End User CRP)上線資料準備 (Data Preparation)
Transition
上線準備
On-Production
正式上線正式上線 (Production)上線後支援 (Post Support)
導入方法論 : AIM ApplicationImplementationMethodology
Roles (38 totally)
Client Executive
Client project manager
Client staff member
IS manager
System administrator
Key users and users
Project manager
System Architect
DBA and DBD
Network Administrator
Developer
Business Analyst
Information Tech Infrastructure Selection Strategy Control: desired control level of corporate Structure : organizational structure and
how tightly integrated should be Database : desired structure and how
accessible Customization: modifications Best Practice: industry practice
Implementation: Generalized Industry Application Determine the goals and expected
deliverables from project Scope of project Budget(20% hardware, 30% software, 10%
education, 30% consulting service, 10% others)
Scheduling time of implementation Figuring out the required resource
Implementation: Generalized Industry Application
Selecting the team members Identifying the roles and leadership Understanding the process Eliminating the waste Change management Hardware and OS installation Attending System Training
Implementation: Generalized Industry Application Exercising the whole system and testing the
users’ understanding Setting up security and permissions Real parts specific pilot Beginning pilot Entering fixed and variable data Documenting policies and procedures Go live
導入成功關鍵因素(Critical Successful Factor)
Commitment
Participation
Change
Education & Training
Project Planning &
Control
高階經營管理者的承諾全責專案經理與專案小組投入
對“改變”之接受性與認同
教育訓練之落實專案之計劃與控管
教育訓練中心
• 產品相關之教育訓練• 縮短客戶學習時間
諮詢顧問中心
• 各種諮詢顧問• 協助規劃系統與績效評估• 發揮產品最大效益
產品、工具之瞭解
In-HouseTraining
On-SiteTraining
應用軟體之使用應用軟體導入
規
劃
建
檔
上
線
ERP 導入專案
導入協助
客戶服務中心
• 電話諮詢• 必要之線上協助• 提供使用問題之解決方案
導入過程協助
選擇合適之軟體與導入顧問Your Company
SoftwareVendor
ConsultingFirm
Project
電腦化專案組織架構圖
軟體商專案委員會 + 客戶專案委員會
財務顧問財務顧問
製造顧問製造顧問
供銷顧問供銷顧問
技術顧問技術顧問
財務小組負責人財務小組負責人
製造小組負責人製造小組負責人
供銷小組負責人供銷小組負責人
技術小組負責人技術小組負責人
Oracle PM 客戶 PM
教育訓練教育訓練
客戶支援客戶支援
預估 ERP 專案效益 無形效益
延用新科技架構整合資訊流 藉更新資訊流 , 激勵企業再造 (Reengineering) 建置智慧管理決策資訊系統
有形效益主目標訂為改善現況績效指標 庫存週轉 現金週轉 應收帳款 成本 / 品質效益指標