erovnuli implementaciis kanonmdebloba

leqcia #20

1. mimoxilva• erovnuli zomebis gatarebis valdebulebebi.

– slaidi 2

• “nebismieri saWiro zomebi”, – slaidebi 3-5

• erovnuli implementaciis ZiriTadi aspeqtebis SemuSaveba– slaidebi 6-15

• saswavlo magaliTiI: iaponiis erovnuli implementacia– slaidi 16

• saswavlo magaliTi II: didi britaneTis erovnuli implementacia – slaidi 17

• saswavlo magaliTi III. aSS erovnuli implementacia– slaidi 18

• samodelo kanoni da kriminalizacia.– slaidebi 19-20

2. erovnuli kanonmdebloba

• 11 seqtembris Semdeg gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba SeiZina bi SemuSavebis, warmoebis, dagrovebis an sxvagvarad SeZenis an flobis amkrZalvelma erovnulma kanonmdeblobam.

• 21-e saukuneSi mravalma qveyanam Seqmna an gadasinja Tabisi kanonmdebloba maT kvlav SesatyvisobaSi darwmunebis mizniT.

• amgvari kanonmdeblobis gaZlierebis saWiroeba gaizarda.• erovnuli kanonmdebloba aris iuridiuli procesi, romelic

pirdapir gavlenas axdens individualur samecniero kvlevebze da bioagentebis gadacemaze. aq “ar vicodi” ver dagvexmareba

• “konvenciis yovelma monawile qveyanam unda, Tavis konstituciur procesebTan TanxmobaSi, miiRos nebismieri aucilebeli zoma, romelic aRkveTavs konvenciis muxliT I gaTvaliswinebuli agentebis, toqsinebis, iaraRis, aRWurvilobisa da gadacemis saSualebebis SemuSavebas, dagrovebas, SeZenas, an flobas, da moaxdens maT prevencias ...[xazgasma damatebulia]”.

3. btik muxli IV

4. muxli IV - Sedegis valdebuleba

• “muxli IV ar aris mxolod qmedebis valdebuleba, amavdroulad is Sedegis valdebulebacaa. ar iqneba sakmarisi erovnul kanonmdeblobaSi muxliT IV gaTvaliswinebuli valdebulebis dasakmayofileblad mxolod akrZalvis Setana, vinaidan monawile qveynebma unda miiRon “akrZalvisa da prevenciis” zomebi. [xazgasma teqstis originalSi]

5. gaeros uSiSroebis sabWos rezolucia 1540

• “qveynebma unda miiRon da aamuSavon efeqturi zomebi, raTa daafuZnon Sinauri kontroli ... biologiuri iaraRisa da misi gadacemis saSualebebis gavrcelebis aRsakveTad, masTan dakavSiremuli masalis kontrolis CaTvliT, da amitom unda:

• …(a) SeimuSavon da gaataron saTanado efeqturi zomebi warmoebaSi, gamoyenebaSi, SenaxvaSi da transportirebaSi myofi amgvari agentebis aRricxva da usafrTxoeba;

• (b) SeimuSavon da gaataron saTanado fizikuri dacvis efeqturi zomebi .”

6. “nebismieri saWiro zoma”

7. eqsportis kontroli

• teqnologiis Secvlam SeiZleba eqsportis kontroli gaarTulos.

• magram qveynebi gamoepasuxnen am gamowvevebs da mravalma qveyanam ara marto ganaaxla eqsportis kontrolis debulebebi da agentebisa da aRWurvilobis siebi, aramed “yvela kontroli gaaerTiana”, raTa daefaraT “ormagi daniSnulebis” yvela punqti.

8. biousafrTxoebis regulaciebi • janmo-s mier biousafrTxoeba ganimarteba, rogorc

“paTogenebisa da toqsinebis uneblie eqspoziciis, an maTi SemTxveviT gabnevis prevenciisaTvis bioizolaciis principebis, teqnologiebisa da praqtikis gansaxorcielebeli zomebi”.

• didi britaneTis COSHH regulaciebiT, magalitad, es moicavs: janmrTelobisa da usafrTxoebis politikis codnas; regulaciebis Sesabamisad qcevas; sakutari tavisa da imaT gafrTxielbas, romeltac SeiZleba Seexos maTi qmedeba (an umoqmedoba); da usafrTxoebis yvela problemis Setyobineba.

9. biologiuri dacvis zomebi (i)

• biologiuri dacva btik-Si “yvelaze farTod gamoiyeneba paTogenuri mikroorganizmebis, toqsinebisa da msgavsi masalis usafrTxoebisa da kontrolis ganxorcielebis meqanizmebs”.

• ZiriTadi zomebi moicavs: personalis saimedoobas; fizikur usafrTxoebas; sainformacio teqnologiebis usafrTxoebas; masalebis kontrolsa da angariSgebas; masalebis gadatanis usafrTxoebas da programis marTvas.

10. biologiuri dacvis zomebi (ii)

“[2003 wels] monawile qveynebi SeTanxmdnen ... Semdegis faseulobaze: paTogenebis koleqciebis dacvisa da maTi mSvidobiani miznebiT gamoyenebis yovelmxrivi da konkretuli zomebis saWiroebaze. sayovelTaod aRiares biologiuri dacvis im zomebisa da procedurebis mniSvneloba,romlebic uzrunvelyofs, rom amgvari saSiSi masala miuwvdomeli iqneba im pirebisaTvis, romelTac isini SeiZleba borotad, konvenciis miznebis sawinaaRmdegod gamoiyenon.”

11. qcevis kodeqsi

• 2005 wlis btik Sexvedrebze diskusiis Sedegad gaizarda interesi qcevis kodeqsis /eTikis /praqtikis mimarT, romlebic ise unda iyos Seqmnili, rom aamaRlos btik-is Sesaxeb informirebulobis done da uzrunvelyos, rom mecnierebma ician Tavisi valdebuleba ar moutanon ziani.

• miuxedavad amisa, mraval qveyanas ar gaaCnia mecnierebisaTvis qcevis kodeqsi, Tumca zog erovnul akademias amgvari kodeqsi aqvs.

12. ganaTleba• ganaTleba - btik-ze da nebismier

adgilas diskusiaSi mas sul ufro mzardi roli emiWeba, da mniSvnelovnad meti yuradReba eqceva ganaTlebas, romelic sasicocxlo mecnierebSi pasuxismgeblobis kulturas gaaRvivebs da uzrunvelyofs, rom isini icnobdnen im kanonmdeblobasa da regulaciebs, romlebic marTavs samecniero kvlevebs.

13. erovnuli kanonmdeblobis Sefaseba: ek (germania) [BWC/CONF.VI/WP.3] (i)

• muxl I-Tan dakavSirebuli erovnuli kanonmdeblobis 5 ZiriTadi maxasiaTebeli:

1. xSirad aklia valdebulebebis darRvevis gamo damsjeli RonisZiebebi ,

2. qbb kanonebi Seicavs Seicavs damsjel RonisZiebebs CarCo kanonmdeblobaSi,

3. aregulirebs da akontrolebs bi-sTan dakavSirebul masalebs daSvebuli saqmianobis licenzirebiT,

4. akrZalvebis gamoyeneba mxolod Sida teritoriiT Semoifargleba,

5. antiteroristuli kanonebi SeiZleba ar faravdes sxva arasamTavrobo struqturebis saqmianobas.

14. erovnuli kanonmdeblobis Sefaseba: ek (germania) [BWC/CONF.VI/WP.3] (ii)

• sakanonmdeblo muxli III-s ganxilvisaTvis unda gaviTvaliswinoT sami saWiro punqti.

1. mSvidobiani miznebiT gadazidvebis garkveuli tipis Sesruleba,

2. agentebisa da toqsinebis specifiurad gansazRvruli cxrili, da

3. “…valdebuleba … ar gadasces ‘arapirdapir’, da ‘aranairad ar Seuwyos xeli’ aralegalur transportirebas”

15. detaluri sakanonmdeblo elementebi: iaponia (BWC/CONF.VI/WP.17)

• efeqturi sakanonmdeblo zomebi konvenciiT moTxovnili akrZalvebisa da prevenciis uzrunvelsayofad

• eqsportis kontroli• paTogenebisa da toqsinebis usafrTxoeba da

kontroli• bunebrivi an gamiznulad gamowveuli

epidemiebis mimarT prevenciuli da reagirebis SesaZleblobebis gaZliereba saerTaSoriso meqanizmebTan TanamSromlobiT

• biologiur iaraRTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebSi ganaTleba da gacnobiereba

16. iaponiis erovnuli implementacia• 1982 wels miRebuli da 2001 wels gadasinjuli baqteriologiuri

(biologiuri) da toqsiuri iaraRis SemuSavebis, warmoebis, da dagrovebis akrZalvis konvenciis implementaciis SesaxebakrZalva exeba biologiuri an toqsiuri iaraRis warmoebas, flobas, gadacemas, da miRebas, - da 2001 wlis Semdeg – maT gamoyenebasa da gavrcelebas [ix. agreTve SeniSvnebis nawili]

• 1949 wlis ucxoeTTan urTierTgacvlis kontrolis brZaneba [kabinetis brZaneba # 260 1980] , dafuZnebuli ucxoeTTan urTierTgacvlis a da ucxoeTTan vaWrobis kontrolis brZaneba“zogierTi adamianebis cxovelebisa da mcenareebis sawinaaRmdego paTogenebis eqsporti yvela qveyanaSi da sferoebi, romlebic ekonomikis, vaWrobisa da mrewvelobis ministrisgan nebarTvas saWiroebs.”

• 2004 wlis rekombinantul dnm-iani eqsperimentebis gaidlainebi,“romlebic mogvianebiT iqneba aRwerili, iZleva genetikurad modificirebuli organizmebis (gmo) klasifikacias bioizolaciis doneebis mixedviT jgufebSi, da adgens, TiToeuli jgufisaTvis, laboratoriuli dizainisa da gmo-ebTan usafrTxod mopyrobis procedurebs.”

17. didi britaneTiserovnuli implementacia

• antiteroristuli kriminaluri da usafrTxoebis aqti (ATCSA)(2001) saSualeba misca mTavrobas ganexorcielebina uprecedento xarisxis kontroli “didi britaneTis daaxloebiT 450 dawesebulebaze, romelTac specifiuri paTogenebi gaaCniaT.”

• janmrTelobis wesebis mixedviT saSiSi nivTierebebis kontrolis (COSHH) regulaciebi, romlebic moiTxovs, rom “biologiuri agentebiT Catarebuli garkveuli samuSaoebi unda ecnobos [janmrTelobisa da usafrTxoebis aRmasrulebels (HSE)]”.

• 2002 wlie eqsportis kontrolis aqti, awesebs “kontrols didi britaneTidan da nebismieri britaneli piris mier teqnologiis gadacemaze nebismier adgilas da nebismieri saSualebiT”; “awesebs kontrols saqonlis SeZenaze, moxmarebaze an moZraobaze an saqmianobaze. agreTve iRebs zomebs faruli gadacemis winaaRmdeg.

• gulebisa da gonebis’ kampania”.

18. aSS erovnuli implementacia• erovnuli kanonmdebloba btik-is farglebSi akrZalvebis

Sesaxeb moicavs sisxlis samarTlis debulebebs, konfiskacias, saSiSi paTogenebisa da toqsinebis usafrTxoebas, eqsportis kontrols, sanqciebs, ucxoeTis daxmarebis SezRudvebs, safrTxis erTobliv Semcirebas, da sagangebo situaciebisadmi mzadyofnasa da reagirebas. specifiuri kodeqsi, romelic Seiqmna zemoTCamoTvlil akrZalviT zomebTan dakavSirebiT da aRwerili iyo aSS-s mier 2003 wlis btik eqspertebis Sexvedraze warmodgenil samuSao dokumentSi.

• sazogadoebrivi janmrTelobis usafrTxoeba da bioterorizmisaTvis mzadyofnisa da reagirebis 2002 wlis aqti (sazogadoebrivi kanoni 107-188)asaxavs daavadebaTa kontrolisa da prevenciis centrebis mier Sedgenil rCeuli agentebisa da toqsinebis sias, da soflis meurneomis mier saministros Sedgenil sasoflo-sameurneo cxovelebis sias.

• VERTIC exmareba qveynebs samodelo kanonis SemuSavebiT, romelic:

• “…qmnis mZlavr da mravalmxriv sistemas, biologiuri dacvis zomebis CaTvliT, biologiuri iaraRis gavrcelebis prevenciis mizniT.”

• “…aZlevs masakasa prevenciis saSualebas, biologiuri da toqsiuri agentebisa da toqsinebis da aRWurvilobisa da teqnologiebis siis SeqmniT.”

19. VERTIC –is samodelo kanoni

• harvard saseqsis programa (hsp) muSaobs “saerTaSoriso kriminalizaciis” konvenciis samuSao variantze.

• SeimuSaves “konvenciis samuSao varianti, romelic saerTaSoriso samarTlis farglebSi sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulad aRiarebs nebismieri piris mier gacnobierebulad biologiuri an qimiuri iaraRis SemuSaveba, warmoeba, SeZena, floba, gadacema an gamoyeneba, an gacnobierebulad SekveTa, mimarTva andaxmarebis gaweva amgvari saqmianobisaTvis an biologiuri an qimiuri iaraRis gamoyenebiT daSineba.”

20. harvard saseqsi: saerTaSoriso kriminalizacia

sanimuSo SekiTxvebi1. aRwereT, ra kanonmdebloba aqvs miRebuli Tqvens qveyanas

bi SemuSavebis, warmoebis, dagrovebis an sxvagvarad miRebis prevenciisaTvis?

2. aRwereT, ra kanonmdebloba aqvs miRebuli Tqvens qveyanas im agentebis, aRWurvilobisa da gamocdilebis eqsportis prevenciisaTvis, romlebic SeiZleba ganixilebodes, rogorc ormagi daniSnulebis?

3. SeafaseT gaidlainebi an regulaciebi, romlebic aqvT Tqvens kvleviT laboratoreibs an institutebs, raTa acnobon individualur mecnierebs maTi movaleoba awarmoon samecniero kvleva mxolod mSvidobiani miznebiT?

4.rogorc individualur mecniers, ra wvlili SegiZliaT SeitanoT sasicocxlo mecnierebebis borotad gamoyenebis prevenciaSi? aq SeiZleba gamogadgeT slaidze 7 moyvanili elementebi.

wyaroebi• (slaidi 2)

Bioweapons Prevention Project. (2004) Bio Weapons Report 2004. Available from http://www.bwpp.org/documents/2004BWRFinal_000.pdf

(slaidi 3)

Further Inf.1

The Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention Website. Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction [online]. Undated [cited 15 September 2008]. Available from: http://www.opbw.org/convention/conv.html

Further Inf.2

Sims, N. A., and Pearson, G. S. (2006) ‘ARTICLE IV: National Implementation’, in Nicholas A. Sims and Malcolm R. Dando (Eds.) Key Points for the Sixth Review Conference. Bradford: University of Bradford. Available from http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/sbtwc/key6rev/contents.htm

(slaidi 4)

Germany on behalf of the EU (2006) Assessment of National Implementation of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC). 20 October BWC/CONF.VI/WP.3 Geneva: United Nations. Available from http://www.opbw.org/rev_cons/6rc/docs/WP/BWC_CONF.VI_WP.3_EN.pdf

(slaidi 5)

Further Inf.1

Security Council (2004) Resolution 1540, 28 April, Vol. S/RES/1540.New York: United Nations. Available from http://www.un.org/Docs/sc/unsc_resolutions04.html

Further Inf.2

Security Council (2006) Resolution 1673, 27 April, Vol. S/RES/1673.New York:

United Nations. Available from http://www.un.org/Docs/sc/unsc_resolutions06.htm

(slaidi 6)

VERTIC (2003) Time to lay down the law National legislation to enforce the BWC. London: VERTIC. Available from http://www.vertic.org/datasets/bwlegislation.html

(slaidi 7)Further Inf.1Australia Group (2007) The Australia Group. Available from http://www.australiagroup.net/en/index.html

Further Inf.2Beck, M., Craft, C., Gahlaut, S., and Jones, S. (2002) Strengthening Multilateral Export Controls: A Nonproliferation Priority. Georgia: The Center for InternationalTrade and Security University of Georgia.

(slaidi 7)Further Inf.1United Kingdom (2003) The Design of National Mechanisms to Maintain the Security and Oversight of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Toxins. 15 July.BWC/MSP.2003/MX/WP.7/Rev.1. Geneva: United Nations. Available fromhttp://www.opbw.org/new_process/mx2003/bwc_msp.2003_mx_wp07_rev.1.pdf

Further Inf.2Health and Safety Executive (2005) Working with Substance Hazardous to Health:What You Need to Know about COSHH. London: HSE. Available fromhttp://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg136.pdf

(slaidi 9)

Further Inf.1

BTWC Implementation Support Unit (2008) Biosafety and Biosecurity, 24 June. BWC/MSP/2008/MX/INF.1, Geneva: United Nations. Available from http://www.opbw.org/new_process/mx2008/BWC_2008_MX_Docs/BWC_MSP_2008_MX_INF.2_En.pdf

Further Inf.2

WHO (2004) Laboratory Biosafety Manual. Geneva: World Health Organization. [3rd Edition]. Available from http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/biosafety/Biosafety7.pdf

(slaidi 10)

Further Inf.1

United Nations (2003) “Report of the Meeting of States Parties” BWC/MSP/2003/4 (Vol. I), 26 November 2003, Geneva: United Nations. Available from http://www.opbw.org/new_process/msp2003/BWC_MSP_2003_4_Vol.1_E.pdf

Further Inf.2

United Nations (2008) “Report of the Meeting of States Parties”, BWC/MSP/2008/MX/3 8 September 2008, Geneva: United Nations. Available at http://daccessdds.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G08/630/84/PDF/G0863084.pdf?OpenElement

(slaidi 11)

Further Inf.1

United Nations (2005) “Report of the Meeting of States Parties”, BWC/MSP/2005/3, 14 December 2005, Geneva: United Nations. Available from http://www.opbw.org/new_process/msp2005/BWC_MSP_2005_3_E.pdf

Further Inf.2

Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (2008) A Code of Conduct for Biosecurity: Report by the Biosecurity Working Group, Amsterdam: KNAW. Available from http://www.knaw.nl/publicaties/pdf/20071092.pdf

(slaidi 12)

United Nations (2008) “Report of the Meeting of States Parties”, BWC/MSP/2008/MX/3 8 September 2008, Geneva: United Nations. Available at http://daccessdds.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G08/630/84/PDF/G0863084.pdf?OpenElement

(slaidebi 13 da 14)

Germany on behalf of the EU (2006) Assessment of National Implementation of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC). 20 October BWC/CONF.VI/WP.3 Geneva: United Nations. Available from

http://www.opbw.org/rev_cons/6rc/docs/WP/BWC_CONF.VI_WP.3_EN.pdf

(slaidi 15)

Japan in consultation with JACKSNNZ (2006) Review of National Implementation of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention. 15 November BWC/CONF.VI/WP.17 Geneva: United Nations. Available from

http://www.opbw.org/rev_cons/6rc/docs/WP/BWC_CONF.VI_WP.17_EN.pdf

(slaidi 16)

Further Inf.1

Japan in consultation with JACKSNNZ (2006) Review of National Implementation of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention. 15 November BWC/CONF.VI/WP.17 Geneva: United Nations. Available from

http://www.opbw.org/rev_cons/6rc/docs/WP/BWC_CONF.VI_WP.17_EN.pdf

Further Inf.2

Sugishima, M. (2003) ‘Aum Shinrikyo and the Japanese Law on Bioterrorism’, Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 18(3), 179–183.

(slaidi 17)

Further Inf.1

Collyer, G. (2004) ‘Biosecurity: The UK Response’, in Sandia National Laboratories”International Biosecurity Symposium: Securing High Consequence Pathogens and Toxins Symposium Summary” (Sandia Report SAND2004-2109). Available at http://www.biosecurity.sandia.gov/main.html?subpages/past.html

Further Inf.2

United Kingdom (2003) Export Control Legislation in the United Kingdom. 1 September, Geneva: United Nations, BWC/MSP.2003/MX/WP.66. Available from http://www.opbw.org/new_process/mx2003/bwc_msp.2003_mx_wp66.pdf

Also See the references from Slide 7.

(slaidi 18)

Further Inf.1

United States (2003) National measures adopted by the United States to Implement the Prohibitions set forth in the Biological Weapons Convention. 4 July Geneva: United Nations, BWC/MSP.2003/MX/WP.4. Available from http://www.opbw.org/new_process/mx2003/bwc_msp.2003_mx_wp04.pdf

Further Inf.2

United States (2003) Specific Measures Taken by the United States Relevant to Security of Dangerous Pathogens and Toxins. 4 July Geneva: United Nations, BWC/MSP.2003/MX/WP.6. Available from http://www.opbw.org/new_process/mx2003/bwc_msp.2003_mx_wp06.pdf

(slaidi 19)

VERTIC (2009) A Sample Act for National Implementation of the1972 Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention and Related Requirements of UN Security Council Resolution 1540, London: VERTIC. Available from

http://www.vertic.org/programmes/armscontrolanddisarmament/NIM%20Building%20capacity.asp

(slaidi 20)

Further Inf.1

Editorial (2001) International Criminal Law and Sanctions to reinforce the BWC, CBW Conventions Bulletin, 54. 1-2. Available from http://www.sussex.ac.uk/Units/spru/hsp/pdfbulletin.html

Further Inf.2

HSP (2001) CBW Criminalization: Harvard Sussex Program on CBW Armament and Arms Limitation [Accessed 11 August 2009]. Available from http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~hsp/cbwcrim.html