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Erosion & Sediment

Control Guide for Building Sites

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This booklet has two aims:

1. To provide simple and practical ideas to reduce the chance of polluting the stormwater system.2. To help contractors comply with Council and State regulations in regard to the stormwater system. Always check with the local Council about the local regulations.

Who is this booklet for?

• Builders• Landscape Gardner’s• Demolition Workers• Trades People• Home Renovators• People who supply sand, soil and concrete

Who was the book developed by?

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 North East Code of Practice1.2 Improved Practice1.3 Why1.4 Benefits1.5 Who is Responsible1.6 Site Rules1.7 Supplier Information

�. EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL PLAN (ESCP)

2.1 Plan before you start work on site.2.2 Ways you can reduce erosion and control sediment.

�. CONSTRUCTION

3.1 Limit disturbance when excavating3.2 Diversion of Up-Slope Water3.3 Sediment Controls3.4 Wash equipment in designated area3.5 Stockpiles and storage of materials3.6 Litter and construction waste3.7 Stabilised entry/exit point3.8 Leave the footpath vegetated3.9 Early roof water connection

4. POST CONSTRUCTION

4.1 Service Trenches4.2 Site Clean-Up4.3 Site Rehabilitation4.4 Maintenance of control measures

FIGURES

1. Earth Bank Construction2. Control Plan for Multi Dwelling Development3. Control Plan for Commercial/Industrial Development4. Diversion of Up-Slope Water5. Sediment Fence Construction6. Topsoil stockpiling instruction7. Entry/Exit Construction

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This document provides a practical guide to Best Practice techniques for the minimisation of stormwater pollution from building sites. The Guidelines have been produced to assist persons involved in the construction industry to comply with their statutory responsibilities.

Sediment from building sites can pollute stormwater. There are State and Local Council laws which make this an offence. The developer or person managing the building site has the responsibility of making sure that the stormwater is not polluted.

Activities that cause stormwater pollution include:

(1) Unsecured litter, rubbish and waste on site: bins or skips not being used to stop litter being blown across and off the site.

(2) Sediment discharge: water running off the site carrying soil into the gutters and the stormwater system.

(3) Mud of roads: vehicles driving onto the building site and then carrying mud from their tyres onto roads.

(4) Deliveries and storage of sand, soil and screenings in places where they are washed into the stormwater system by rain.

(5) Concrete washings, paint, thinners (chemicals): washing equipment in gutter that lead to the stormwater systems and creeks.

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Part of Improved Practice is the management of an activity to achieve ongoing minimisation of its environmental harm using cost effective measures. These practices are assessed against those currently used nationally and internationally.

Soil erosion on construction sites can be a major source of stormwater pollution. Soil, sand, sediment, plastic & litter washed from construction sites all have the potential to cause both short and long term problems when deposited in our drains, creek and rivers.

Some common impacts of poor sediment controls include:

· Blocked drains which can cause flooding of neighbouring properties.

· Loss of valuable topsoil, limiting growth of vegetation.

· Deterioration of the water quality of local creeks and river systems that are often our source of drinking water increasing costs of downstream water treatment.

· Increased phosphorous in river, leading to toxic algal blooms and weed infestations.

· Loss of aquatic life.

· Muddy water reducing aesthetic beauty of waterways.

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1.� Improved Practices

1.� Why?

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· More marketable sites · Fewer public complaints

· Earlier sales · A better public image

· Earlier completion · Reduced clean up costs

· Reduced downtime · Sites do not get as boggy

· Reduced risk of fines/loss of bond · All weather access

· Reduced stockpile losses

The short answer is everyone (including sub-contractors & suppliers). We must all take responsibility.

· The owner or developer carries responsibility for commissioning the work and therefore some responsibility for controlling the work.

· The builder or manager has prime responsibility for controlling and supervising the construction operation including all site works.

· The site supervisor or foreman is responsible for coordinating and establishing good practices on site.

· The individual trades carry responsibility for their work and actions.

1. Plan before your start work

2. Limit disturbance when excavating

3. Divert upslope stormwater

4. Install a sediment fence

5. Wash equipment in a designated area

6. Place sands and soil stockpiles behind a sediment fence

7. Leave the footpath vegetated

8. Store all hard waste and litter in a designated area.

9. Restrict vehicle movement to a stabilised access.

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1.� Site Rules

1.� Who is Responsible

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This information is provided for helpful contact details only. The companies are not listed in any particular order and are not recommended over others that may provide similar services.

Litter Containers

Contact your local waste contractors or:

Cleanaway:Wodonga Phone: 02 6024 4590

JJ Richards:Wodonga Phone: (02) 6056 3444

North-East Bin Hire:Rutherglen Phone: 0421 271 96:

Benalla Waste:Benalla Phone: (03) 5762 7240

Naish Waste:Wangaratta Phone: (03) 5721 4714

Alpine Waste Services:Myrtleford (03) 5752 2266

Sediment Control Fencing / Gravel Sausages

State Wide RiversPhone: (03) 9702 9757

Geofabrics Australasia:Phone: (03) 8585 9100 www.geofabrics.com.au

Ground Protection

Pro-floor:Phone (03) 9804 3455

Portable Toilets

Essential Builders Aids:Albury Phone: (02)6021 4633

Wangaratta Equipment Hire:Phone: (03) 57214989

Temporary Fencing

Essential Builders Aids:Albury Phone: (02) 6021 4633

Australian Temporary Fencing:Phone: 13 17 16

Readyfence:Benalla Phone: 0429 400 333

AAA Adaptable Fence Panels:Wangaratta Phone: 0417 382 742

Black & White:Wangaratta Phone: 1300 735 887Temporary Flexible Downpipe

If it is not possible to have downpipesconnected to the stormwater system as soon as the roof is on. Use temporary flexible tubing or another temporary connection to run the stormwater from the downpipe to the nearest stormwater drain.Visit your local Plumbing Store for supplies.

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1.� Useful North East Supplier Information

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An erosion and sediment control plan is a simple plan which outlines where control measures will be placed on the site. These plans need to communicate to all involved; councils, developers, builders, subcontractors, private certifiers, home owners and regulators, how stormwater pollution is to be contained on the site.

The construction of earth banks should be undertaken to divert upslope water around the unvegetated land during construction. This minimises erosion by water sheeting.

Standard Erosion & Sediment Control Plans are to be adopted for all construction sites.

�. Erosion & Sediment Control Plan (ESCP)

Figure 1. Earth Bank Connection

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2.1 Plan before you start work on site.An erosion and sediment control plan is a simple plan which outlines where control measures will beplaced on the site. These plans need to communicate to all involved; councils, developers, builders,subcontractors, private certifiers, home owners and regulators, how stormwater pollution is to becontained on the site.

The construction of earth banks should be undertaken to divert upslope water around the unvegetatedland during construction. This minimises erosion by water sheeting.

Standard Erosion & Sediment Control Plans are to be adopted for all construction sites.

2. Erosion & Sediment Control Plan (ESCP)

Figure 1. Earth Bank Connection

Directionof flow

150mm min.

Gradient of drain1% to 5%

Can be constructed withor without channel All batter grades

2 (H):I(V) max.

300 mm min.

2 metres min.

NOTE:Only to be used astemporary bank wheremaximum upslope length is80 metres.

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�.1 Plan before you start work on site.

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LIMIT DISTURBANCE WHEN EXCAVATINGPreserve as much of the vegetated area as possible. Vegetationimproves the appearance of the site, greatly reduces the erosionhazard and can be a very effective natural sediment filter. Theerosion hazard of well-vegetated lands is often less that 1 percentof those that have been cleared.

RESTRICT VEHICLEMOVEMENT TO ASTABLISED ACCESSRestrict all vehicle movements onto the site toa stabilised access. This allows all-weatherentry/exit reduces how much soil is carried tothe street and may provide a permanent basefor the future driveway.

STORE ALL HARDWASTE AND LITTERIN A DESIGNATEDAREAStore all hard waste and litter onthe site in a way that will preventit being blown onto neighbouringlands or wash into the stormwatersystem.

LEAVE THE FOOTPATHVEGETATEDApart from the stabilised entrance, maintaina well vegetated (grassed) footpath.Keeping lands vegetated is the single mostimportant thing that can be done to reduceerosion hazard.

PLACE SANDS AND SOILSTOCKPILES BEHIND ASEDIMENT FENCEPlace all stockpiles totally on the site wellaway from drainage paths and, where theycomprise erodible materials such as sand andsoil, behind a sediment barrier. Ensure soiland cement bags are covered at the end ofeach day if rain or excessive wind are likely.

WASH EQUIMENTIN DESIGNATEDAREAWash all equipment,including that with concretewaste in a designated areathat does not drain to thestormwater

INSTALL ASEDIMENT FENCE

Install sediment fencesdownslope of all disturbed

lands to filter coarse sedimentbefore it gets into the

gutters, drains andwatercourses.

DIVERT UPSLOPESTORMWATER

Where possible to do so, divertupslope stormwater around all

lands that do not have aprotective vegetative area.

Water sheeting over theground is one of the most

effective causes of soil erosionand should be minimised.

2.2 Ways you can reduce erosion & controlsediment on a building or construction

site.

Follow these site management practices and you will helpreduce impact on our waterways….

Follow these site management practices and you will help reduce impact on our waterways….

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�.1 Ways you can reduce erosion & control sediment on a building or construction site

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Figure 2. Control Plan for Multi Dwelling Development.

GENERAL NOTES

1. No parking or stockpiling of materials is permitted on the vergebetween kerb property boundary.

2. Disturbed areas are to be grassed following final trimming, areas areto be disturbed and restored progressively.

3. Filter fence is to be provided around all pits. Sump covers are to beplaced, and filter fence removed, following restoration of sumpcatchment areas.

4. Filter rolls are to be placed at the entrance to all pits within the site.Remove roll following completion and restoration of all site works.

5. Roof drainage is to be connected to the stormwater system as soonas practical.

UNIT 1 UNIT 2

UNIT 3

Diversion BanksLevel Spreader

Diversion Banks

PROPOSED LANSCAPEAREA

SkipStabilised Access &Service Areas

Proposed SpoilStockpile

SILT FENCE

Discharge toStormwater Pit

Catch Drain

SIL

TF

EN

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SILT FENCE

SITESHED

Stabilised Access

Grass Buffer ZoneLevel Spreader

STREET

315

314

313

Grass Buffer Zone

Stabilised Access &Service area

Filter Trench

Diversion Banks

Catch Drain

Silt Fence

Filter Tre

nch

Figure �. Control Plan for Multi Dwelling Development.

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Figure 2. Control Plan for Multi Dwelling Development.

GENERAL NOTES

1. No parking or stockpiling of materials is permitted on the vergebetween kerb property boundary.

2. Disturbed areas are to be grassed following final trimming, areas areto be disturbed and restored progressively.

3. Filter fence is to be provided around all pits. Sump covers are to beplaced, and filter fence removed, following restoration of sumpcatchment areas.

4. Filter rolls are to be placed at the entrance to all pits within the site.Remove roll following completion and restoration of all site works.

5. Roof drainage is to be connected to the stormwater system as soonas practical.

UNIT 1 UNIT 2

UNIT 3

Diversion BanksLevel Spreader

Diversion Banks

PROPOSED LANSCAPEAREA

SkipStabilised Access &Service Areas

Proposed SpoilStockpile

SILT FENCE

Discharge toStormwater Pit

Catch Drain

SIL

TF

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SILT FENCE

SITESHED

Stabilised Access

Grass Buffer ZoneLevel Spreader

STREET

315

314

313

Grass Buffer Zone

Stabilised Access &Service area

Filter Trench

Diversion Banks

Catch Drain

Silt Fence

Filter Tre

nch

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Any earthworks should be kept to a minimum, and should only be commenced immediately prior to construction.

It is important to maintain as much soil coverage as possible with the use of grass, mulch, gravel or erosion control matting.

Where practicable, maintain kerb vegetation in a healthy state during the construction process.

Vegetation down hill of the work site is especially important for filtering out sediment.

Where stormwater runoff from more than 0.5 HA feeds into the work site, upslope water should be diverted around the soil disturbance. Stormwater can be diverted with the use of small turf, geo-textile lined drains, or with the use of diversion banks. Diverted stormwater should be discharged onto stable ground (e.g. turfed areas) and should not be diverted into neighbouring properties un-less written permission is obtained from the land owner (s).

Figure 4. Diversion of Up-Slope Water

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3.1 Limit disturbance when excavating.Any earthworks should be kept to a minimum, andshould only be commenced immediately prior toconstruction.

It is important to maintain as much soil coverageas possible with the use of grass, mulch, gravel orerosion control matting.

Where practicable, maintain kerb vegetation in ahealthy state during the construction process.Vegetation down hill of the work site is especiallyimportant for filtering out sediment.

3.2 Diversion of Up-Slope Water.Where stormwater runoff from more than 0.5 HA feeds into the work site, upslope water should bediverted around the soil disturbance. Stormwater can be diverted with the use of small turf,geo-textile lined drains, or with the use of diversion banks. Diverted stormwater should be dischargedonto stable ground (e.g. turfed areas) and should not be diverted into neighbouring properties unlesswritten permission is obtained from the land owner (s).

Channel stabilisation as required

Directionof flow

300mm min depth

Batter grade(max)1

2Undisturbed

area

Figure 4. Diversion of Up-Slope Water

3. CONSTRUCTION

�.1 Limit disturbance when excavating.

�.� Diversion of Up-Slope Water.

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A sediment barrier needs to be installed along the lower side of the soil disturbance. The most efficient sediment barrier for construction sites is usually specially manufactured geo-textile sediment fence.

The use of filter cloth or shade cloth is not recommended. Wire tied sediment fences have the advantage of being readily hooked from their support posts during working hours to allow the unloading of materials. For reasons of public safety and sediment controls efficiency, sediment barriers should not be located outside property boundaries. Sediment barriers should not be placed on the road. Sediment barriers placed in front of roadside stormwater inlets are rarely effective and at best usually result in the sediment being washed down the street and into the nearest open gully inlet.

Where necessary you should contact your local Council to discuss an approved sediment plan before construction takes place.

Figure �. Sediment Fence Construction

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3.3 Sediment ControlsA sediment barrier needs to be installed along thelower side of the soil disturbance. The most efficientsediment barrier for construction sites is usuallyspecially manufactured geo-textile sediment fence.

The use of filter cloth or shade cloth is notrecommended. Wire tied sediment fences have theadvantage of being readily hooked from their supportposts during working hours to allow the unloading ofmaterials.

For reasons of public safety and sediment controlsefficiency, sediment barriers should not be locatedoutside property boundaries. Sediment barriersshould not be placed on the road. Sediment barriersplaced in front of roadside stormwater inlets are rarely effective and at best usually result in thesediment being washed down the street and into the nearest open gully inlet.

Where necessary you should contact your local Council to discuss an approved sediment planbefore construction takes place.

Figure 5. Sediment Fence Construction

500 mm to 600 mm

600 mm min.

Undisturbed area

1.5 star pickets atmax. 3m centres

1.5m star pickets atmax. 3cm centres

Self supportingGeotextile.

Direction of flow

On soil, 150mm x 100mmtrench with compactedbackfill and on rock, setinto surface concrete.

Disturbed area

Direction of flow

�.� Sediment Controls

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Control Method 1: Have a set washing up area.· Choose a set area to do all your washing up.· This area should be on the building site and away from all stormwater drains.

Control Method 2: Get rid of concrete slurry on site.· Collect wash water from concrete mixers in a wheel barrow and dispose of in your wash area.

Control Method 3: Clean equipment off before washing.· Brush dirt and mud off equipment before you wash it.· You will need less water to clean this equipment.

Control Method 4: Clean painting tools carefully.· Spin rollers and brushes to remove paint before you wash them.· Use one container to wash the brush and another to rinse it.· Let first container stand overnight to let solids settle. Then pour out water on ground if not too dirty and put settled solids in a bin.· Wash oil based paints in solvent baths until clean.

Stockpiles and construction materials are not allowed to be stored on the footpath or within the road reserve without Council permission. Where necessary, stockpile losses can be minimised with the use of covers. All stockpiles and construction materials should be located within sediment controls.

Figure �. Topsoil stockpiling instruction

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3.4 Wash equipment in designated areaControl Method 1: Have a set washing up area.• Choose a set area to do all your washing up.• This area should be on the building site and away from all stormwater drains.Control Method 2: Get rid of concrete slurry on site.• Collect wash water from concrete mixers in a wheel barrow and dispose of in your wash area.Control Method 3: Clean equipment off before washing.• Brush dirt and mud off equipment before you wash it.• You will need less water to clean this equipment.Control Method 4: Clean painting tools carefully.• Spin rollers and brushes to remove paint before you wash them.• Use one container to wash the brush and another to rinse it.• Let first container stand overnight to let solids settle. Then pour out water on ground if not too

dirty and put settled solids in a bin.• Wash oil based paints in solvent baths until clean.

3.5 Stockpiles and storage of materialsStockpiles and construction materials are notallowed to be stored on the footpath or within theroad reserve without Council permission. Wherenecessary, stockpile losses can be minimised withthe use of covers. All stockpiles and constructionmaterials should be located within sedimentcontrols.

Figure 6. Topsoil stockpiling instruction

Stabilise stockpilesurface

Earth Bank

2:1slo

pe (max.)

2:1slope

Flow

Sediment Fence

�.4 Wash equipment in designated area

�.� Stockpiles and storage of materials

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All hard waste must be stored on-site in a way that prevents material loss caused by wind or water. Smaller materials such as litter should be contained in covered bins or litter traps formed on three sides by a geo-textile wind break.

One third of all waste going into landfill comes from construction and demolition sites. This waste includes:

- Bricks - Tiles - Concrete -Timber - Packaging - Plaster - Polystyrene - Vegetation - Metals - Soil

Methods to control Litter

Plan ways to reduce waste before you start the job

· Make a list of all things you are going to do to reduce waste or to reuse or recycle materials on the job.

Design and order only what you need.

· Design to standard sizes as this reduces waste.

· Don’t estimate the materials you will need.

· Negotiate with suppliers to take back unused materials.

· Negotiate for delivery of supplies on an ‘as needs’ basis.

Use prefabricated products

· Buy prefabricated products such as frames and trusses whenever possible. This greatly reduces waste.

Team up with other builders to recycle

· If you are building on an estate you may be able to share the cost of recycling with other builders.

Separate materials for recycling.

· Ask bin hire companies and recycling contractors to supply clearly marked bins. Materials may be sorted into cardboard, plastic and metal for recyclers in your area.

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The entry/exit point of the site should be managed such that sediment is not tracked off the site, and restricted to one stabilised location. Note that an appropriate location for the construction entrance may not necessarily be the location of the permanent driveway.

The entry/exit pad should extend from the kerb or road reserve to the building slab, and where it slopes toward the road, a hump should be installed across the pad to deflect stormwater runoff.

Council should be contacted regarding a Road Opening Permit.

Figure �. Entry/Exit Construction

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3.7 Stabilised Entry/Exit PointThe entry/exit point of the site should bemanaged such that sediment is not trackedoff the site, and restricted to one stabilisedlocation. Note that an appropriate locationfor the construction entrance may notnecessarily be the location of thepermanent driveway.

The entry/exit pad should extend from thekerb or road reserve to the building slab,and where it slopes toward the road, ahump should be installed across the pad todeflect stormwater runoff.

Council should be contacted regarding aRoad Opening Permit.

Figure 7. Entry/Exit Construction

Geotextile fabric designed to preventintermixing of subgrade and base materialsand to maintain good properties of thesub-base layers.

Geofabric may be a woven or needlepunched product with a minimum CBRburst strength (AS3706.4-90) of 2500 N.

DGB 20 roadbase or30mm aggregate

Runoff directed tosediment trap/fence

200 mm min

300 mm min

Existing roadway

Property boundary

Min. width 3 metres

Min. length 15 metres

Construction site

�.� Stabilised Entry/Exit Point

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Vegetation helps protect the soil from the effects of rain and surface water by:· Acting as a cushion. Rain drops are unable to move soil particles when they hit the surface.· Slowing the flow of water across the ground. Fast water is able to carry more soil particles off site.· Roots hold the soil together so it cannot be moved.· Grassed areas act as a filter, trapping soil particles.

Decide what areas of vegetation you are going to keep on site. Mark trees, shrubs and grassed areas that you are keeping. Protect areas close to the boundary, drains and gutters, and where surface water flows may carry sediment off site.

Construction operations such as tool and paint washings, as well as brick, tile or masonry cutting should be done within the property boundaries. Where practicable, these activities should be done on a permeable surfaces or up hill of an infiltration trench. This especially applies to water-cooled cutting activities that generate polluted wastewater.

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Temporary or permanent downpipes should be installed prior to roof inspection. The early connection of roof water to the stormwater system will reduce site wetness and the generation of on-site mud. This has been shown to reduce downtime following storm events and decrease average building construction time.

�.� Leave the Footpath Vegetated

�.� Construction Operations

�.10 Early Roof Water Connection

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Service trenches should be backfilled, capped with topsoil and compacted to a level at least 75-100mm above the adjoining ground level. This allows for some subsidence of the fill material and ensures the fill is sufficiently compacted to avoid erosion at a later time.

In the event of sediment leaving the site immediate action should be taken to remove materials from the road and not washed down the gutter. Following storms, the road reserve and sediment barriers should be inspected and all excessive sediment residue should be removed.

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ION 4.1 Service Trenches

4.� Site Clean-Up

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All areas disturbed by construction activity should be promptly and progressively stabilised (e.g. revegetated) so they can no longer act as a source of sediment. All erosion and sediment control devices should be kept in place or until the site is fully stabilised.

All drainage, erosion and sediment control measures need to be regularly checked and maintained in good working order. Best Practice includes anticipation of potential risk and being prepared for abnormal circumstances and emergencies.

· The entry/exit pad will require reapplication of crushed rock if excessive sediment build-up occurs.

· Erosion in drainage channels should be repaired with rock, turf or erosion control matting.

· Sediment fences should be replaced if the fabric is ripped or otherwise damaged.

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4.4 Maintenance of Control Measures

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ST Plan before you start work on site.

Keep mud off road and on site.

Keep litter contained on site.

Stop erosion on site.

Contain stockpiles on site.

Clean and wash up on site.

· Plan before you start work on site.

· Sediment control fence on lowest side.

· Stockpiles away from lowest point.

· Marked trees and vegetation to keep on site.

· Crushed rock crossover.

· Trucks keep to crushed rock areas.

· Mud removed from tyres before leaving site.

· Clean road if muddy.

· Site fencing in place.

· Litter bin in place with lid closed.

· Catch drains on high side of site

· Vegetation areas

· Downpipes

· Straw bale filters.

· Sediment control fence.

· Gravel inlet filters.

· Block and gravel inlet filters.

· Cutting and clean up area on site

· Clean equipment off before washing

· Sediment filters down slope