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Laisamis Sub-County Food & Nutrition Security And Resilience

Enhancement Project (FONSAREP)

17th -20th May 2016

Early Warning Disaster Management training

Participants during the ERDM training for partners and committe

Implemented by

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Abbreviations

ADP Area Development Programme

ASAL Arid and Semi – Arid Lands

EMC Environmental Management Committee

CMC County Management Committee

CHC Community Health Committee

CHMT County Health Management Team

CHVs Community Health Volunteers

CMA Community Milk Assistants

CHE Community Health Extensions

DRM Disaster Risk Management

DRR Disaster Risk Reduction

PLM Pregnant Lactating Mothers

CLDRR Child Led Disaster Risk Reduction

FONSAREP Food & Nutrition Security And Resilience Enhancement Project

DM Disaster Management

ERDM Early Response Disaster Management

EWEA Early Warning Early Action

FBO Faith Based Organisation

CBO Community Based Organisation

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The training was facilitated by:

Oyoko Omondi- National DRM Coordinator

Philip Ndekei- Program Officer

ERDM TRAINING FOR PARTNERS AND ERDM COMMITTEE

Introduction

The meeting was officially opened by Elijah Chiwe, Marabit AP manager, who

encouraged participants to take the workshop seriously and contribute to the

community concerning Disaster Management.

Early warning is a major element of disaster risk reduction. Early action can often prevent a hazard turning into a human disaster by preventing loss of life and reducing the economic and material impacts. To be effective and sustainable they must actively involve the communities at risk.

Early warning systems can be set up to avoid or reduce the impact of hazards such as floods, landslides, storms, and forest fires. The significance of an effective early warning system lies in the recognition of its benefits by local people.

A 4 day, training on ERDM was done in Laisamis. Participants target groups who attended included D.Os, ward administrators, ministry representatives, chiefs and sub chiefs, DRR committee members, youth, Community Milk Assistants, CHWs. A total of 36 participants attended the training.

ACC 1 D.O Ward administrators

Chiefs and subchiefs

Ministry Youth DRR committee

2 2 2 10 2 11 6

Asist County Commissioner 1 Laisamis Sub-county

Korr/Ngurnit

Laisamis and Loglogo

Merille, Loglogo, Laisamis, Korr, Ngurnit, Ilaut, Farakoren, Lontolio, Kamboe, Koya

Social service, livestock department

CMAs, CHWs, CHE,

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DRR participants

list.xlsx

Goal of the ERDM training

Goal

This training is meant to increase the ability of WVK staff & Partners to facilitate Early

Response Disaster Management process community resilience

Objectives:

1. To have a common understanding of Disaster Risk Management and ERDM

terminologies, concepts, principles and practices of DRR

2. Draw lessons from the CMDRR process and conceptualize the relationship

between disaster and development

3. To developed understanding of facilitating and sustaining ERDM in a community

4. To demonstrate the use of selected tools in facilitating participatory disaster risk

assessment (hazard, capacity and vulnerability assessment) and participatory

planning, monitoring, evaluation and learning

5. To identify action points applicable in our (WVK) working areas

In pursuit of the foregoing, this training is designed to address, among others, the

following key issues:

1. Conceptualization skills to enable participants explain, compare and/or interrelate

key terminologies used in DRR/DM/ERDM

2. Ability to differentiate between hazard and disaster and elaborate on the

differences of disaster response management (DRM) and disaster risk reduction

(DRR)

3. Facilitation skills for a ERDM process and its importance in disaster risk reduction

Skills for Community Risk Assessment

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Group work

Terminologies used in Disaster management:

To enable appropriate understanding of the terminologies, the participants were tasked

to identify the terminologies they think of and how they are defined in their own words.

1. Mitigation

2. Risk

3. Response

4. Vulnerability- inability to resist a disaster

5. Capacity- resource available to fight a disaster

6. Resilience- ability to cope and come back after a disaster has happened

7. Hazard- indicators that has potential to cause injury of life or damage of

property

8. Disaster-

9. Emergency

10. Alert

11. Preparedness

12. Frequency-speed of occurance

13. Intensity-

14. Duration- time

15. Early warning- signs which is good or bad

Disaster related terminologies:

Hazard

Event or occurance that has a potential to cause loss of property, loss of life and

environment

Risk

Probability of likely of loss to be suffered when community are damaged or destroyed

by a disaster

Vulnerability

A condition or set of conditions that reduces people’s ability to withstand or respond to

a hazard

Capacity

Community tools and resources used to respond and mitigate an emergency situation

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Mitigation

Efforts initiated to significantly reduce or eliminate vulnerability to occurance of a threat

or effects of a disaster

Early warning

- The provision of timely and effective information through identified institution

- Institution must be credible

Preparedness

Activities and measures taken in advance to ensure effective response to the impacts of

hazard

Prevention

Activities to provide outright avoidance of the adverse impacts of hazards

Relief/Response

The provision of assistance or intervention during or immediately after a disaster to

meet the life preservation and basic subsistence

Recovery

Decisions and actions taken after a disaster with a view to restoring or improving the

pre-disaster living disaster living conditions

Types of Disasters

1. Natural

-Floods

- Earth quakes

2. Human- induced disasters

-Transport accidents

-War/armed conflicts

-Arson

-Sabotage

-Industrial accidents

-Fires (Forest and Urban fires)

These are further classified into two:

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a. Slow-onset e.g. drought, HIV/AIDS

b. Rapid onset disasters e.g. Fires, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions

3. Complex Humanitarian Emergency

Breakdown of social, political and economic systems examples:

- War e.g. Rwanda, Darfur-Sudan, Somalia

- Japan Tsunami 2012

- Post-election violence in Kenya 2007/2008

ERDM group discussion

DISASTER MANAGEMENT

WHAT IS DM?

- Is using policies, capacities to lessen the effects of a disaster

- Using activities , structural and non-structural to minimize effects of a disaster

- It should be timely and effective

DM CYCLE IN WV

6 Operational Dimensions:

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1. Early warning

2. Preparedness

3. Mitigation

4. Response

5. Rehabilitation (Recovery)

6. Transition

DISASTER MANANGEMENT CYCLE

1. MITIGATION/REDUCTION PHASE

- These are efforts made to either to prevent a disaster from occurring or lessen

impact.

2. PREPAREDNESS PHASE

- Involves awareness development among community on general aspects of

disaster

- Knowing how to react in the face of a disaster

Examples of Preparedness:

a. Training of communities and staff in order to strengthen capacity

3. RELIEF ASSISTANCE/RESPONSE PHASE

- Immediately follows disaster occurance

- Initial activities are life-saving- Search and Rescue, Search and Recovery

- Immediate needs of victims e.g. medical help, food, water, shelter

- Others are security, supplementary feeding

4. RECOVERY/REHABILITATION PHASE

- Simply means “Building Back” i.e. making sure communities are safer than pre-

disaster period

- Done when immediate needs of victims are met

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SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

Disaster preparedness planning depends on 3 key elements:

1. Knowledge of the situation- Problem Identification

2. Agreement about what is done- Action Plan

3. Technical and Resource capability to implement action plan (Capacity)

WHAT IS EW AND EA SYSTEM?

- Early Warning Systems (EWS) is a set of capacities needed to generate and

disseminate timely and meaningful warning that enables at risk individuals,

communities and organs to prepare and act appropriately

- The EWEA Project is a systems approach, with Regional Support, and Global

offices working together in support of national offices to take action.

• EMERGENCY• RECOVERY

• MITIGATION• PREPAREDNESS

Normal

County development

Contingency planning

Capacity (Development)

Infrastructure

Alert Stage

Stockpiling

Rehabilitation (Boreholes)

Destocking

Animal and Human Health

Response

Animal health interventions (vaccinations)

Emergency water supply

Supplementary foods

Restocking

Dams rehabilitation

Capacity building

Infrastructure development

Food for work, cash for work, cash for asset

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Goal of the EWEA Systems (WVI)

- Enhance early warning process to better mobilize partnership resources for early

action to manage threats to child well-being

Elements of Early Warning

1. Observation

- Detecting and developing hazard forecasts and warnings

2. Assessing

- The potential risks and integrating risk information in the warning messages

3. Dissemination of Information

- Use of communication and dissemination mechanisms e.g. phones, radios, TV’s

4. Preparedness and Early Response

Components of Early warning

Early warning- Translating EW to ED- Early Action (Global-Regional- National-

Local)

Skills needed for EWS

1. Data/Information collection (Monitoring)

2. Collating/Processing

3. Interpretation/Analysis

4. Dissemination (Information/Reports

Early warning Indicators

1. Stress indicators

- Change in consumption habit- diet change from high nutrient to low nutrient

- Seeking loans for grain or food items

- Unusual labor sales

- Unusual increase in the number of people failing to offset their debts

Late or outcome indicators

- Appearance of unusual amount of capital or production goods for sale

- Sale of utensils, farm equipment, productive livestock, movable items

- Farm land leasing/pledging or sale

- Increase in robbery

- Mass migration of people

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Linkage of EW with other Areas

- Proposal development/ER planning

- Preparedness works

- Mitigation works

- Prevention work

PLANNING CYCLE

Plan (Describe tasks) – Train (Learn tasks) - Exercise (Perform tasks) - Analyze

(Review performance of tasks)

DISASTER MANAGEMENT TRENDS IN KENYA

- In Kenya we are simply affected by Floods and drought

- Humanitarian situation in Kenya- Counties with high degree of vulnerable women

and children- Samburu, Marsabit, Narok, Kajiado etc.

- Inter-communal conflict- Wajir, Mandera.

Disasters and Impacts in Kenya

- 1.43 million people affected due to disasters every year in last 15 years

- US 12.1 billion lost due to the 2008-2011 drought in Kenya

- 3% of GDP lost due to droughts and droughts and floods alone

Buster tool

The ERDM and ERDM Committee were taken through the buster tool and they

understood it carefully. Practical sessions were interactive and they were exposed on

how to fill the tool.

Three ADPs were used as an example to help fill the Buster tool. These included Isiolo-

Oldo Nyiro, Golbo and Laisamis. Hazards identified by the team within Laisamis were

clearly filled in the tool and analyzed and compared to abstract data from other ADPs

for the purposes of learning.

Laisamis -EW Buster

3.0.xlsm

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Link between Development and Disasters

Development Realm/Disaster Realm

Positive

- Development can reduce vulnerability

- Disasters can create development opportunities

Negative

- Develop can increase vulnerability

- Disasters can set back development

Hazard, vulnerability and capacity assessment

Discussions presentations were done on hazard, vulnerability and capacity assessment. Among the hazards discussed affecting the community were food insecurity, conflict and cholera outbreaks.

Hazard, Vulnerability

and Capacity Assessment Format.doc

Hazard, Vulnerability

and Capacity Assessment on Conflict.doc

Hazard, Vulnerability

and Capacity Assessment Cholera.doc

Hazard, Vulnerability

and Capacity Assessment Foood Insecurity.doc

Establishment of a practical plan of action was based on:

Developing early warning systems that can be managed by local communities and have long-term sustainability built into their design and operation

Working with County and National government and other stakeholders to promote policy and practice which prioritizes community approaches to DRR/ERDM and the allocation of resources based on risk and ability to cope

Demonstrating and promoting community-managed disaster mitigation, including training and awareness raising on natural disasters and risk

Building the capacity of communities to benefit from early warning systems, and to integrate this knowledge into their livelihoods and wellbeing to reduce risk

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MARSABIT SOUTH (LAISAMIS) SUB-COUNTY DRM PLAN OF ACTION 2016

No.

ACTIVITY (WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE)

HOW IT WILL BE DONE

WHERE IT WILL BE DONE

WHEN

BY WHO RESOURCES

1 Debrief to Supervisor sharing with Community key learnings and PoA

One – one or Community meeting

Office/Community

By 27th May 2016

Trained member

Supervisor

2 Create awareness on DRM and Prep and response to fellow community members

1-day meeting / workshop at office

Office/Community

By 10th June 2016

Trained Teacher

Sub-County Administrator/Commissioner

3 Formulation of a revamped Sub-County DRM Committee

Stakeholders, meetings and election of committee (13-17)

Community By 8th July 2016

Stakeholders

Sub-County Administrator/Commissioner and Key Stakeholders e.g. WVK, KRCS, PACIDA

-

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Conclusion

Skills and knowledge gained from the training will be cascaded down to the community

through organized trainings by the ToTs. Communities within Laisamis will appreciate

the opportunity to make decisions about how to avoid recurrent extreme losses as from

the hazards identified. There is need for a strong commitment to work differently, to

learn from experience and to ensure that past mistakes are not repeated.

Report written by:

Victor Kamadi Bill

Project Officer-Food Security

Laisamis ADP-Marsabit Cluster

World Vision Kenya