Equine Consumers' Guide 2016 - PREVIEW

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C O N T E N T S

2016Canada’s Horse Industry At Your FingertipsA SPECIAL ISSUE OF

INSIDE10 Editor’s Desk

70 How To Horsekeeping Step-by-step instructions for tasks every horse person should know how to tackle

101 Canadian Therapeutic Riding Association News Looking back, looking forward

102 Index to Advertisers

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FEATURES

HORSE HEALTH

12 Sable Island Horses and Drug-Resistant Bacteria

The isolated herd is helping researchers study acquired antimicrobial resistance.

14 Stem Cells Could Speed Equine Healing

Researchers are studying the potential use of stem cells on wound healing in horses.

HORSE INDUSTRY

16 An Inside Look at Equine Cloning Why are horses cloned, how is it done, and is cloning coming of age?

22 The Legal Side of Horse Auctions A look at the risks and rewards of buying

at an auction

76 Schleese Saddlery Service and Saddlefit 4 Life®

Dedicated to improving the comfort and well-being of horse and rider

80 Herbs for Horses Driven by purity, research and passion

84 Strathcona Ventures Committed to quality products for the equine

and livestock industries

8 Equine Consumers’ Guide 2016 CANADA’S HORSE INDUSTRY AT YOUR FINGERTIPS

C O N T E N T S

2016Canada’s Horse Industry At Your FingertipsA SPECIAL ISSUE OF

SPECIAL FEATURES

28 Riding Beneath the Northern Lights

From ancient fossils to today’s horses of Yukon and their people

40 Heritage Ranches of Canada

Tradition and history interwoven in the folklore of explorers, fur traders, gold seekers and settlers.

56 A Carriage Ride Through History

From pony cart to coronation coach, the colourful story of the horse-drawn vehicle.

PRODUCTS & SERVICES

87 The Marketplace Your comprehensive source for products, services, breeds, stallions, and more.

93, 95, 97, 99, 100 New & Noteworthy Products & Reviews A collection of products available in Canada from horse industry businesses.

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Could bacteria resistant to antimicrobial drugs routinely used in both

human and veterinary medicine be found in wild horses on a remote island in the Atlantic Ocean?

By answering this question, Dr. Joe Rubin and members of his research team at the Western College of Veterinary Medicine (WCVM) hope to gain a better understanding of how bacteria carrying acquired resistance genes are passed between humans, domestic animals, and wildlife species.

Their research has two major players: the horses living on Sable Island and the “bugs” — specifically Escherichia coli (E. coli) that these horses carry in their guts.

Sable Island, located 160 kilo-metres off Canada’s Atlantic coast, is home to a population of over 500 feral horses – one of only a handful of wild horse populations in the world. The herd is des-cended from horses brought to the island in the late 1700s and has been protected by law from hu-man interference since the 1960s.

Sable Island Horses and DRUG-RESISTANT BACTERIA

By Mary Timonin

Sable Island’s herd of over 500 feral horses, one of only a handful of wild horse populations in the world, is providing an opportunity for researchers to study acquired antimicrobial resistance. PH

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CLONING

H O R S E I N D U S T R Y

CLONING An Inside Look at


CLONING

recent poll on the Canadian Horse Journal website asked the question: Should equines

be cloned?Some 83 percent of respondents said no, not until

more research has been done; 16 percent said maybe, in special situations with strict parameters; just two percent said yes and that clones should be allowed to be registered.

Once the darling concept of science fiction writers, cloning trotted onto the world stage on February 22, 1997 when it was announced that Dolly the sheep, a ewe cloned at the Roslin Institute in Midlothian, Scotland, had been born on July 5, 1996. Dolly was the first mammal to have been successfully cloned from an adult cell. She lived at the Institute until her death in 2003.

Dolly kicked the scientific barn doors down to open the way for all manner of cloned mammals. Along came “twins” of cats, rats, deer, cattle, fruit flies, rabbits, and others. Then, on May 4, 2003, the first equine and first mule, Idaho Gem, was born at the University of Idaho. He was quickly followed by two cloned “siblings,” Utah Pioneer born on June 9, and Idaho Star born on July 27.

Idaho Gem came along just a couple of weeks before the birth of the first cloned horse, Prometea, a Haflinger foal born May 28, 2003, at the Laboratory of Reproductive Technology, Cremona, Italy. The first cloned horse in North America, Paris Texas, was produced by Texas A&M University in 2005.

In 2006, the premier barrel racing gelding, Scamper, was cloned and his “twin” stallion became the first cloned horse to stand at stud in the US In 2010, a Criollo horse was born in Argentina, the first horse clone produced in South America.

But what really is cloning, and is the cloned horse literally identical to the original animal?

“We take advantage of two things,” explains Dr. Katrin Hinrichs, professor and Patsy Link Chair in mare reproductive studies at the College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University. “One, the nucleus of every cell in the body has the same DNA which codes for how to produce the entire animal. Two, the oocyte (egg) is ready to make an embryo, packed full of everything that will be needed for that embryo for the first three to four days of development. The basic procedure is just a variation on what happens normally at fertilization. Normally, the egg has half of a complement of DNA and the sperm enters the egg and brings in the other half of the needed DNA. Then, with a complete set of DNA, the egg starts to develop into an embryo. In cloning, we remove the DNA from the egg then introduce a cell [from the donor horse] that carries a full complement of DNA. Then we signal the egg to start to develop into an embryo.”

Hinrichs explains that, while there are no changes to the genetics (DNA) of the cloned horse, the genes in the clone could be used differently – turned on more, or less, than they were in the original. Therefore, to a varying extent, the clone will differ somewhat from the original.

CLONING

By Margaret Evans

A On September 15, 2008, the French genetic bank, Cryozootech, announced the birth of the colt Gemini, a clone of the Thorough-bred gelding, Gem Twist, regarded as one of the best show jumpers in history. In 2012, the first foal of Gemini was born.

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Buying a horse is an important decision that usually involves careful planning, consideration, and research. Buying a

horse at an auction can remove or reduce the ability to exercise due diligence in the buying process.

“Deals” and good quality horses can be found at auctions; however, when at-tending an auction, buyers may be over-come with excitement for what appears to be a great bargain or sympathy for an ob-viously mistreated horse, and make a pur-chase they later regret.

While there is nothing wrong with wanting to score a deal or rescue a horse,

auction buyers should be aware of the legal obligations imposed upon buyers, consignors, and auction houses so they can protect their legal rights and, to the greatest extent possible, make informed decisions.

Know the Type of Auction You Are Attending

There may be a considerable difference between the local monthly auction and premium sport horse import auctions or major breed auctions.

The latter types of auctions tend to provide detailed sales programs containing extensive descriptions and photographs of

the horses offered for sale, including their pedigrees and show records. Potential bidders may also be provided with an opportunity to ride the horses prior to the auction. In some instances, these auctions may have also pre-screened the horses for health and soundness, in which case there may be vet check results available for review as well. Armed with this additional information, buyers at these types of auctions may bid more confidently.

Buyers at local auctions will often receive little to no advance information about the horses offered for sale. Horses at these auctions are generally presented “as

The RISKS and REWARDS of

Buying at an Auction By Karen WeslowskiMiller Thomson, LLP, Vancouver, BC

In general, the legal maxim Caveat emptor or “let the buyer beware” applies to any kind of horse purchase and sale.

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An auctioneer’s claims that a horse is suitable for any rider is a subjective description and open to interpretation. If the horse proves otherwise, the purchaser would have to prove that the auction house and the seller were aware of a trait that prohibited the horse from being so described.

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ERis” and there is no opportunity to ride or examine the horses beforehand. In these circumstances, it is difficult to perform any due diligence to verify the horse’s soundness or suitability.

With either type of auction, it is best for buyers to be armed with a good amount of skepticism; if the deal sounds too good to be true, it probably is. Auctions may be the last resort for owners unable to sell their horse themselves, or horses that have failed pre-purchase vet examinations. Auctions can be used by owners as an attempt to unload an unsound horse on an unsuspecting buyer.

Buyer Beware The legal maxim of caveat emptor or “let

the buyer beware” generally applies to any kind of horse purchase and sale. The seller has a relatively limited duty to disclose in-formation about the horse. As well, unlike many big ticket items, horses usually do not come with money-back guarantees or a re-turn policy. As such, the onus is on the pur-chaser to fully research the horse before buying it.

Part of a buyer’s research process may include asking the seller lots of specific and direct questions. In those circumstances, the seller has an obligation to fully and honestly disclose information to the buyer.

For instance, if the buyer asks whether the horse cribs, the seller must answer that question honestly to the best of their knowledge. The difficulty with auctions is that buyers are generally not provided with an opportunity to ask questions of the consignor, which would give rise to a legal disclosure obligation upon the consignor.

Read the Auction ContractOnce the buyer’s bid has been accepted, a

legally binding contract is created. The terms and conditions in the auction contract may vary from auction to auction, but most

contain the following terms:

• Title passes to the buyer at the fall of the hammer, at which time the buyer assumes all risk and responsibility.

• All successful bidders must sign an acknowledgement of purchase.

• A buyer who fails to sign an acknowledge-ment of purchase or to pay the purchase price is in default and an action shall be commenced against the person for the amount owing plus legal costs.

• The auctioneer may detain or repossess any horse for which payment is not properly made and may sell the horse at a

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By Margaret Evans

RIDING Beneath the NorthernLights

The Yukon experience: “A friend and I would ride on full moon nights and sometimes see the northern lights — very beautiful,” says Janilyn Kooy.


It would be some 700,000 years before Duane Froese, an earth sciences professor with the University of Alberta in Edmonton, and his team excavated a metapodial (cannon) horse bone from permafrost in the Thistle Creek gold mine in west-central Yukon in 2003.

The team was hunting fossils embedded in permafrost while gathering data on the sediments that preserved them. Many other horse fossils found in Yukon had been pony-sized but Froese and his team knew this find had come from a larger horse. What was exciting was that the fossil was from a time associated with Gold Run volcanic ash dating from some 735,000 years ago.

The horse had lived in the vast grassland region of Beringia that linked Yukon and Alaska with Siberia and

The land is wide, gently rolling, and breathtaking. Distant mountains are white with glaciers, and form a rain shadow, making the grassland steppe extremely dry. In spite of this, the land is fertile and rich with vegetation. A gentle, dusty wind picks up, lifting the grasses, tundra flowers, herbs, sedges, mosses, lichen, shrub willows and birch in a whispering wave. The windborne loess, silky dust from boulders ground up by the glaciers and common throughout this unique northern world, is mixed with fine volcanic ash and will lay down the fertile soil for next year’s plant growth.

The horse stares. In the distance his herd grazes with mammoths, steppe bison, caribou, Dall sheep and camels. All are alert for the dangers from wolves, scimitar cats or short-faced bears. For so many years, the old stallion has followed the well-worn paths. But in this strange grassland world beset with violent storms, the trails are dissolving into spongy, destabilizing permafrost.

The stallion lies down to rest, folding his legs supportively beneath him. He feels the wear and tear as his bones creak with age. But in those bones lies the secret of his entire ancestry.

An artist’s interpretation of Beringia with the Yukon horse (Equus lambei ) in a Beringia landscape 11,000 years ago.

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Skull of 700,000-year-old horse found in permafrost in Thistle Creek Gold Mine in Yukon in 2003.


at HOME on the RANGE

Cattle ranching in Canada has a long and fascinating history. This historic photo is titled “Branding Calves on the Cattle Ranches near Kamloops, BC.”


Canada’s cattle industry began long ago and far away, its tradition and history interwoven in the stories and folklore of explorers, fur traders, gold seekers and settlers.

For millennia, the vast region of western Canada was a land of pure, rich wilderness. Aboriginal tribes were hunter/gatherers and expert fishers whose environment defined their culture. Wildlife, especially fur-bearing species, was varied and hugely abundant.

Then, one misty February day in 1778, Captain James Cook on HMS Resolution dropped anchor off what would be the central Oregon coast. His men went ashore, met the locals and purchased beaver pelts and other furs. The transaction changed a way of life.

CANADA’S RANCHING HERITAGE By Margaret Evans

at HOME on the RANGE

ABOVE: Established as the North West Cattle Company in 1882, the Bar U Ranch saw many colourful characters over the years including Harry Loungbaugh, aka The Sundance Kid, who worked at the ranch in the early 1890s. Today, the Bar U Ranch, the longest lasting and most successful of the first four founding corporate ranches in southern Alberta, is a National Historic Site run by Parks Canada. Ph

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Ever since the wheel was first invented

around 3,500 BC in Mesopotamia as a

wooden disc with a hole in the middle for

some form of axle, creative Sumarian minds

were buzzing. They were, after all, already

planting crops, herding animals, and had a

pretty impressive social order. But getting

the wheel contraption right took a bit of

creative genius. The holes in the centre of

the disc and at the ends of the axle had to be

perfectly smooth and round in order for the

wheel to fit and turn. Otherwise, too much

friction would cause breakage.

The wheel for transportation actually

followed the invention of the potter’s wheel.

But those Bronze Age inventors wasted little

time connecting the dots and figuring out

that if you put a box on top of the axle, you’d

have a cart. It you hitched a horse to the front

end, you’d have an animal to pull it, which

would save doing it yourself. With the

domestication of the horse almost 6,000 years

ago, a marriage between the cart and the

horse was inevitable, eventually

transforming a civilization. On the Sumerian

Battle Standard of Ur is the depiction of an

onager-drawn cart from 2,500 BC.

A Carriage Ride Through History By Margaret Evans

From pony cart to coronation coach, few vehicles have had such a colourful history as the horse-drawn carriage.

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The earliest form of a “carriage” (from Old

Northern French meaning to carry in a

vehicle) was the chariot in Mesopotamia

around 3,000 BC. It was nothing more than

a two-wheeled basin for a couple of people

and pulled by one or two horses. It was light

and quick and the favoured vehicle for

warfare with Egyptians.

Carriages in a myriad of formats quickly

became the defining form of transport. And

with them came their own dictionary of

terms. A carriage is sometimes called a team. A

carriage and horse is a rig. A carriage with

horses, harness, and attendants is a turnout. A

procession of carriages is a cavalcade. Then

there’s the coachman (driver), footman (who

cleared the path in front), a carriage starter

(directing the flow of carriage traffic at

ABOVE: The Gold State Coach (Coronation Coach) gilded and painted by Italian painter and engraver, Giovanni Battista Cipriani, in 1762.

FACING PAGE: An original Concord Stagecoach on display at the Wells Fargo History Museum in Old Town San Diego State Historic Park.

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How to Apply BandagesEvery horse owner should possess at

least a basic understanding of the proper techniques for bandaging a horse’s legs.

There are a number of situations in which leg bandages may be necessary or advisable. Some of the most common reasons for bandaging a horse’s legs include:

• Providingwarmthandsupporttostifforsore tendons and ligaments

• Preventing or reducing swelling after exercise or during stall rest

• Protecting legs from injury during exercise or trailering

• Covering wounds to prevent contamination and facilitate healing

Differentoccasionscallfordifferenttypes of bandages, but all equine leg bandages can be dangerous if applied incorrectly. In many cases it is preferable to leave a horse’s leg unwrapped altogether rather than bandage it improperly.

STANDING BANDAGESThe main function of standing bandages

(also called stable or stall bandages) is to provide protection, mild support, and warmth to the tendons and ligaments in the horse’s lower leg. Frequently used to help prevent edema or “stocking up” caused by inactivity and often following strenuous exercise, these general purpose bandages can also be used to cover the leg after applying a wound dressing, poultice, liniment, or other topical.

Standing bandages consist of an inner layer of padding material – usually no-bow, quilted, or pillow wraps, although roll, sheet, or combine cotton are also suitable – over which commercial standing (or stable) bandages made of stretchy cotton or polyester knit with Velcro® fasteners are applied. When applied correctly, a standing bandage should cover the horse’s lower leg from just below the knee or hock down to the bottom of the fetlock.

If you apply a standing bandage to one leg, you should also wrap the opposite leg. Standing bandages are typically worn for about 12 hours at a time and should never be left on for longer than 24 hours without being removed and re-wrapped.

WOUND BANDAGESWound bandages facilitate healing by

keeping wounds clean to minimize the risk of infection, protecting the area from

How To HorseKeeping Have you ever wondered how to bandage the tricky parts of your horse, such as his knees, hocks, forearm, and

gaskin? Not sure how to transition your horse’s feed to avoid causing digestive troubles? Love dashing through

the snow with your horse, but need to know how to keep him from catching a chill afterwards? Then read on…the

step-by-step instructions in our collection of How To articles will help you perform these basic horsekeeping

taskswithconfidenceandease.

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Place the starting edge of the wrap at the inside front of the cannon bone and unroll the wrap around the leg, checking as you go to ensure the fabric remains smooth, flat, and wrinkle-free. Tuck the starting edge of the bandage under the end of the wrap across the front of the cannon bone.

Circle the fetlock once, leaving an inch of wrap showing below the bandage, and then spiral back up the leg to the top.

Wrap the bandage around the leg once to “lock” the end in place and then continue wrapping down the leg in a spiral pattern, with each wrap of the bandage overlapping the preceding layer by about 50 percent. Try to maintain an even tension on the bandage as you wrap and check after every turn around the leg to make sure the bandage, and the padding beneath the bandage, is lying smooth and flat against the leg.

End the bandage at the outside front of the leg just below the start of the knee or hock, leaving an inch of wrap showing above the bandage, and fasten the Velcro closure. Run your hands over the entire bandage to make sure it is uniformly snug, smooth, and solid from top to bottom, without any wrinkles, ridges, or slack. If bandaging the front legs, insert two fingers under the bandage behind the knee to make sure there is no pressure on the joint.

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Does your horse suffer from heaves, more clinically known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Is his mobility affected because of osteoarthritis?

What about problems with cartilage inflammation?

Does your mare, gelding, or stallion exhibit irritability, anxiety or stress due to a hormone imbalance?

Sound objective science

drives the production of exceptional products. At Selected BioProducts Inc., which produces a wide range of herbal products for horses under its Herbs for Horses line, they pride themselves on a wide range of top notch, thoroughly researched herbal products that will address everything from pain relief and joint care to weight management, lung care, or general health balancing.

Like many successful companies offering innovative products, Herbs for Horses started in a serendipitous moment.

“My two daughters were on the hunter circuit and I would drive them everywhere, then sit and read the financial news whilst they trained or competed,” says Ralph Robinson, president of Selected BioProducts based in Guelph,

Ontario. “I was paying for a lot of stuff, got bored, and started reading labels. Eureka moment! I had spent three years working in nutritional research for the Chairman of Nutrition at the University of Guelph. I said [to my daughter], ‘Samantha, this stuff is crap. I could make better in our bathtub!’ Sam replied, ‘Yea, right dad.’ You know that putdown voice that teenagers have with ‘old’ people? So I

Herbs for HorsesDriven by Purity, Research and PassionBy Margaret Evans

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“I may not know your horse but I appreciate it as I do my own,” says Ralph Robinson, owner of Herbs for Horses.


thought: I’ll show you, you cheeky little monkey. The next day I bought a new cement mixer (like a giant kitchen blender), sat down with a friend [who is] a professor of veterinary medicine, and designed the first research project (Mobility) for which we received a US patent. It wasn’t six months before the mixer was too small so we purchased a $20,000 stainless steel Ribbon blender that holds 500 kg of herbs.”

Robinson’s background is in nutrition, animal health, and research. During his university years, his best subject was biological chemistry. For his thesis at the Lincolnshire College of Agriculture he worked with herbs and spices to improve the carcass taste and improve health and growth. Herbs and spices, he says, are antibacterial; therefore no drugs are required.

“Herbs are the ancestors to modern-day drugs,” says Dr. Wendy Pearson with Nutraceutical Alliance in Campbellville, Ontario, and who has worked with Herbs for Horses for 20 years. “They are a vast reservoir for bioactive material and have the potential to play an important role in an integrative equine health and wellness program.”

Pearson’s relationship with Herbs for Horses has involved laboratory testing of their products during the product development cycle.

“On an ongoing basis, I offer advice on new products as needed, prepare scientific review documents for medicinal plants

of interest, and continue to provide oversight on their food safety program that is audited and renewed every spring.”

Robinson is dedicated to improving the health of horses rather, he says, than making money.

“We’ve always put more value and quality into every product,” he says. “But I can ID for you products with 93 percent filler! It’s the world we live in now where greed rules.”

Pearson says that contamination of herbal products with biological, chemical, or physical contaminants is a very real concern.

“There are many documented cases of contaminants appearing in herbal products that are not

Herbs for Horses offers a professional line of all natural, all Canadian-made ISO 22000 Global Food Safety certified feed supplements for horses and canines, based on research done at the University of Guelph in Ontario.

Here is a collection of some of their many products:

HYALcarePLUS is for care and management of osteoarthritic cartilage.

HoofMASTER hoof growth formula is low glycemic and safe for horses with Cushings disease.

LiverCLEANSE helps repair pharmacological damage and flush toxic residues.

PULMONaire spirulina blend antioxidant suppresses over-active immune responses to allergies and has anti-viral and anti-inflammatory properties.

SIMMIRdown insulin resistance formula to help improve glucose utilization and prevent laminitic episodes.

“I was paying for a lot of stuff, got bored, and started reading labels. Eureka moment!”

AssociationsALBERTA EQUESTRIAN FEDERATIONSuite 100, 251 Midpark Blvd SE Calgary, AB, T2X 1S3www.albertaequestrian.com [email protected]: 403-252-5260Phone: 403-253-44111-877-463-6233

EQUINE ASSOCIATION OF YUKONPO Box 30011Whitehorse, YT, Y1A 5M2www.equineyukon.weebly.com [email protected]

EQUINE CANADA308 Legget Drive, Suite 100Ottawa, ON, K2K 1Y6www.equinecanada.ca [email protected]: 613-248-3484 Phone: 613-287-15151-866-282-8395

FÉDÉRATION ÉQUESTRE DU QUÉBEC4545, av. Pierre-De CoubertinMontréal, QC, H1V 0B2www.feq.qc.ca [email protected]: 514-252-3068 Phone: 514-252-3053 1-866-575-0515

HORSE COUNCIL OF BRITISH COLUMBIA27336 Fraser Hwy.Aldergrove, BC, V4W 3N5www.hcbc.ca [email protected]: 604-856-4302 Phone: 604-856-4304 1-800-345-8055

MANITOBA HORSE COUNCIL145 Pacific AvenueWinnipeg, MB, R3B 2Z6www.manitobahorsecouncil.ca [email protected]: 204-925-5703 Phone: 204-925-5719

NEW BRUNSWICK EQUESTRIAN ASSOCIATION900 Hanwell Road, Unit 13Fredericton, NB, E3B 6A2www.nbea.ca [email protected]: 506-454-2363 Phone: 506-454-2353

NEWFOUNDLAND EQUESTRIAN ASSOCIATIONPO Box 372, Station CSt. John’s, NL, A1C 5J9www.equestriannl.ca [email protected]

NOVA SCOTIA EQUESTRIAN FEDERATION5516 Spring Garden RoadHalifax, NS, B3J 1G6www.horsenovascotia.ca [email protected]: 902-425-5606 Phone: 902-425-5450

ONTARIO EQUESTRIAN FEDERATION1 West Pearce Street, Suite 201Richmond Hill, ON, L4B 3K3www.horse.on.ca [email protected]: 905-709-1867 Phone: 905-709-6545 1-877-441-7112

PEI HORSE COUNCIL40 Enman Crescent, Charlottetown, PE, C1E 1E6www.islandhorsecouncil.ca [email protected]

SASKATCHEWAN HORSE FEDERATION2205 Victoria AvenueRegina, SK, S4P 0S4www.saskhorse.ca [email protected]: 306-525-4041 Phone: 306-780-9449

Riding Arenas

587.230.1970 • www.ironwood.ca

2 Locations to Serve You!7669 Evans Road Chilliwack, BC

Toll Free: 877-847-3735

3155 Pleasant Valley Road Armstrong, BC

250-546-9174

Panels • Gates • Feederswww.countrywestsupply.com

TIMBER FRAME BARNS • SHELTERS • HOMES • SHOPS • ARENAS

[email protected] • 778-899-1050

MARKETPLACECANADA’S HORSE INDUSTRY AT YOUR FINGERTIPS

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88 Equine Consumers’ Guide 2016 Visit the Marketplace at HORSEJournals.com/marketplace

http://www.equinecanada.ca

http://www.ironwood.ca

http://www.tascodome.com/horse

http://www.countrywestsupply.com

http://www.barnbrothers.ca

http://www.horsejournals.com

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Equine Consumers' Guide 2016 - PREVIEW