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EPS Autumn 2012Energy VillageProject members:Rudy ChambonVincent FulcheriKristian GranqvistXavier Agustí SánchezMiguel Angel Huerta Arocas
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Table of contents
• Introduction• Project overview• Komossa• Building classification• Energy sources
• Wind energy• Solar energy• Biomass• Geothermal
• Insulation• Conclusion
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Introduction• Vincent Fulcheri
• France
• Miguel Angel Huerta Arocas• Spain
• Xavier Agustí Sanchez• Spain
• Kristian Granqvist• Finland
• Rudy Chambon• The Netherlands
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Project overview
• Name: Energy Village• Duration: 4th September 2012 – 17th December
2012• Location: Komossa• Given goal: “Make a plan to provide Komossa
with renewable energy in a self-sufficient way”• Supervisors: Niklas Frände and Roger Nylund
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Own picture
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Komossa
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• Location: 60 km of Vaasa• Municipality of Vörå• Ostrobothnian region
• Area: 28 km²• Population: 120 people in 45 houses• Total consumption: 1 286 kWh
• Hill Hoppamäki
Own picture http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/V%C3%B6yri.sijainti.suomi.2011.svg
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Building classificationSmall Medium Large
Surface < 120 m² 120 – 200 m² > 200 m²
Electricity usage
2000 – 5000 kWh
5000 – 10.000 kWh
> 10.000 kWh
Heating usage 5000 – 10.000 kWh
15000 – 30.000 kWh
> 30.000 kWh
Types of buildings
One-family housesBlock of flats
Two-family housesOther buildings
Animal farmsFur farms
Percentage 48 % 36 % 16 %
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Own graph
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Wind Energy - General Information• Wind power is in the interest of the village
• Several ways of wind power that can provide Komossa with green energy:• Classic big wind turbine • Small wind turbine
• Wind power has the highest energy potential in Komossa
• Also in the rest of Finland wind power is a good solution
• What is a wind turbine?
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Wind Energy - Energy Potential• Two studies • Aim : Confirm the wind potential Get more details about wind conditions
• Finnish Wind Atlas • Wind speed • Icing parameters• Weibull parameters
• Installation of a wind sensor• On a 13 m elevation
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Wind Energy - Costs and Payback• Big wind turbines
• Total electricity use in Komossa : 1 286 MWh/year• Information about the turbine:
• Annual production : 1 570 MWh/year• Lifetime ≈ 20 years
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Investment cost 955 000 €Maintenance 377 000 €Total expense 1 332 000 €
Subsidies 64 400 € /yearCost generated by the WP 125 600 € /year
Total gain 190 000 € /year
Payback time Total expense/ Total gain 7 years
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Wind Energy - Costs and Payback• Small wind turbines
• Capacity of production
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Users Small Medium LargeElectricity used 100% 100%
100%100%
Heating used 65% 0% 0%
Investment cost 20 000 €
Annual energy savings
80 %
Payback time ≈ 11 years
Small Users
Investment cost 16 000 €
Annual energy cost savings
1 450 €
Payback time < 14 years
Medium Users - Electricity
Investment cost 35 000 €
Annual energy cost savings
3 150 €
Payback time < 14 years
Medium Users- Electricy & Heating
Investment cost 24 500 €
Annual energy cost savings
4 350 €
Payback time < 9 years
Large Users
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Wind Energy - Conclusion• Big wind turbines
• Wind speed is very high and the payback time is short• Investment costs seem too high for a village of 120 inhabitants
This project is preferred to be done on a regional scale
• Small wind turbines• Small users: Best option
• 48% of houses in Komossa• Good payback time• 80% energy saving
• Medium and large users: Preferable to use heating systems
• Electricity is only ¼ of the total consumption• Biomass & Geothermal seem cheaper
• A study of wind speed at a low elevation needs to be done
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Solar energy - General Information
• Few years ago solar energy was only in warm zones in the south.
• Now with new technologies it is also possible to install it in colder areas
• Factors affecting the solar energy:• Month of the year• Solar irradiance• Useful daylight hours• Temperature
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Own
http://www.kalipedia.com/
Solar energy - Energy PotentialSolar Panels• Used to generate electricity• Installation is isolated from
the net• The energy produced is
stored in batteries• It oversized the installation
in order to have days of autonomy
• Sized for an average user• Not suitable to install
Solar Collectors• Used to heat fluids• Installation with a large number
of components• Different installation
configurations• Hot water is stored in a storage
tank• Has an energy support system• Sized for 3 different types of
users• Suitable to install
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http://www.mebtotal.co.uk/ http://www.google.com/patents/EP1450109B1?cl=en
Solar energy - Production and Compsuption
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Own
Own
Solar energy - Costs and Payback
Investment cost 26000-24000 €
Annual energy cost savings
1300 €
Payback time 15-16 years
Investment cost 12000 -13000 €
Annual energy cost savings
850 €
Payback time 13 -14 years
Investment cost 11000-12000 €
Annual energy cost savings
450 €
Payback time 16 -17 years
Medium User
Small User
Large User
Solar Collector
Investment cost 13000-14000 €
Annual energy cost savings
570 €
Payback time 20 -22 years
Solar Panels
Average User
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http://www.measuredmarketing.us
Solar energy - Conclusion• Solar collectors are able to cover the needs imposed.
• The best efficiency is to medium users installations.
• Solar panels are not suitable for one household.
• Good for summer cottages.
• Solar energy will have more efficiency in future.
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http://permaculturenews.org/
Biomass - General Information
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• Finland is one of the world’s leading countries in biomass energy
• Biomass can be used directly (direct combustion), or converted to different types of fuels: bio fuels or biogas
• Today, wood is the main source of biomass energy• Wood is an existing energy source in Komossa,
existing technology and experience• Large potential to use more wood for energy
production
https://www.metsamaailma.fi http://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puupolttoaine
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Biomass - Energy Potential
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Type Growth / year
Area Energy
Theoretical potential / area / year
Total / year
Wood 5,6 m3/ha 500 ha
2,1 MWh/m3 11,8 MWh/ha 6000 MWh
Reed canary grass
4 - 5 ton/ha
400 ha
4 MWh/ton
16 - 20 MWh/ha
6400 - 8000 MWh
Industrial Hemp
6 - 10 ton/ha
400 ha
4,8 MWh/ton
30 - 50 MWh/ha
12 000 - 20 000 MWh
Salix 7 - 10 ton/ha
400 ha
5,0 MWh/ton
35 - 50 MWh/ha
14 000 - 20 000 MWh
Straw 3 - 4 ton/ha
400 ha
4,8 MWh/ton
14 - 19 MWh/ha
5 600 - 7600 MWh 18
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Biomass - Investment costs
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5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
Firewood burning boiler: Wood pellet heating: Wood chip heating:
€
Investment size, Group 1. Small
Investment size, Group 2. Medium
Investment size, Group 3. Large
• The investment costs for three common heating systems have been calculated for the three different energy user groups:
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Biomass - Payback calculations
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• Example: Medium energy user, 30 000 kWh / year for heating
• Upgrading from existing oil heating system• Today's fuel/energy prizes, interest rate: 4% used
in calculations
Firewoo
dWood
pelletsWood
chips
Oil heating
Total investment costs 6000 10500 18300 - €
Annual Costs 1100 1700 1000 4500 €
Annual savings 3400 2900 3500 - €
Payback time 5 13 10 - Years
Biomass - Conclusion
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• Wood fuels: a good energy alternative for Komossa
• Generally makes a good economical heating solution
• Rising energy prices may make biomass fuels an even more important economical solution in the future
• Many different factors to consider when changing or building new heating system
• Firewood heating systems: relatively low investment costs, low fuel cost and short payback time
• Wood pellet and wood chips: good automatic systems, larger investment costs, economical if the heating need is large enough
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Geothermal energy – General infoHow it works
Heat extraction as steam, hot water or energy stored from the ground
Common usesElectricity productionDirect use ( Hot water )Heat pumps
Common installationsBoreholesHorizontal
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Geothermal energy - Potential
• Able to produce more than 4 times the heating production as electricity consumption
• The electricity bill can be reduced minimum 75%
• Finland is a cold country also in the ground. That is the reason why the borehole is deeper than other countries
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geothermalheatingandcoolingreview.com
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Geothermal energy – Investment costs
Price of the most important elements
Heat PumpSmall (6kW) ~ 5,200€ Medium (14kW) ~ 6,800€ Large (20kW) ~ 7,000€
Cost of the installation Vertical
Drilling costs = 35€/m Horizontal
Is needed a surface between 1.5 and 2 times the surface to be heated
Trenching cost = 17€/m2Piping = 6.2€/m
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Geothermal energy – Costs and payback
The geothermal solutions for the users in Komossa are as the follows:
Horizontal
Borehole
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Investment costs Life cycle Payback time
Small user 7,8oo € 25 years 11 years
Medium user 10,600 € 25 years 6 years
Big user 22,ooo € 25 years 9 years
Investment costs Life cycle Payback time
Small user 9,5oo € 25 years 15 years
Medium user 16,800 € 25 years 11 years
Big user 31,3ooo € 25 years 13 years
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Geothermal energy - Conclusion
Good points• Very few maintenance• Short installation time• Uninterrupted heating production• No space needed to store the fuel
Bad points• Needs a power supplier to work• Surface needs to install horizontal geothermal
engine• The heating distribution may change
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Insulation - General information• Easy way to save energy and money• 3 possible insulation types• Creates a healthier living environment• Helps the environment
• Passive house• 10 times more energy efficient• No extra heating is needed
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http://www.lowenergyhouse.com/
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Insulation - Energy savings
• Window insulation• € 45 /m²/year• 20 m² of window• Total savings: € 900 /year
• Cavity wall insulation• € 13.5 /m²/year• 160 m² of wall• Total savings: € 2100 /year
• Ceiling insulation• € 12 /m²/year• 140 m² of roof• Total savings: € 1700 /year 28
http://blog.darlingsofchelsea.co.uk/
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Insulation - Investment costs
• Window insulation• € 150 /m²• Total investment € 3000
• Cavity wall insulation• € 27 /m²• Total investment € 4300
• Ceiling insulation• € 26 /m²• Total investment € 3700
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http://www.cpa.state.tx.us/
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Insulation – Payback timePer year: Window: Cavity
wall:Ceiling: Total:
Surface 20 m² 160 m² 140 m² 320 m²
Saving per m² €45 €13.5 €12 €70.5
Total saving per house
€900 €2100 €1700 €4700
Investment per m² €150 €27 €26 €203
Total investment per house
€3000 €4300 €3700 €11000
Payback time 3 years5 months
2 years2 months
2 years3 months
2 years6 months
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Own table
• Payback time calculation:• Investment costs include labor and material costs• Yearly interest of 4%
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Insulation - Conclusion
• Easy to install (DIY)
• Applicable to all houses
• High investment costs
• High savings per year
• Relatively low payback time
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http://4.bp.blogspot.com/
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General conclusion – Small usersElectricity and
heatInvestment costs Life cycle Payback time
Wind Power + Boiler + Installation
21.000 € 20 - 25 years 8 – 11 years
Heat Investment costs Life cycle Payback time
Biomass Firewood 4.000 – 5.000 € 30 years 6 – 20 yearsBiomass Wood
Pellets6.000 – 7.000 € 15 – 25 years 17 + years
Biomass Wood Chips
10.000 – 15.000 € 15 – 25 years 17 + years
Solar Collectors 11.000 – 12.000 € 25-30 years 16 – 17 yearsGeothermal Horizontal
8.000 € 25 years 11 years
Geothermal Vertical
9.500 € 25 years 15 years
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• Wind power is the best solution to cover the electricity and heating needs
• Firewood is the best solution for heating only
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General conclusion – Medium users
Electricity Investment costs Life cycle Payback timeWind Power 16.000 € 20 - 25 years ≈ 14 years
Electricity and
heatInvestment costs Life cycle Payback time
Wind Power 35.000 € 20 - 25 years ≈ 14 years
Heat Investment costs Life cycle Payback timeBiomass Firewood 6.000 – 7.000 € ≈ 30 years 5 – 8 years
Biomass Wood Pellets
≈ 10.000 € 20 – 25 years 13 + years
Biomass Wood Chips
16.000 – 19.000 € 20 – 25 years 10 – 20 years
Solar Collectors 15.000 – 16.000 € 25 – 30 years 13 – 14 yearsGeothermal Horizontal
11.000 € 25 years 6 years
Geothermal Vertical
17.000 € 25 years 11 years
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• The biomass firewood boiler and the geothermal installation are good options for heating
• Wind power is not a good solution to generate electricity for medium users
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General conclusion – Large users
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Electricity Investment costs Life cycle Payback timeWind Power 24.500 € 20 - 25 years ≈ 9 years
Heat Investment costs Life cycle Payback time
Biomass Firewood 9.000 – 10.000 € ≈ 30 years 4 – 6 yearsBiomass Wood
Pellets≈ 15.000 € 20 – 25 years 9 – 18 years
Biomass Wood Chips
≈ 25.000 € 20 – 25 years 7 – 15 years
Solar Collectors 24.000 – 26.000 € 25 – 30 years 15 – 16 yearsGeothermal Horizontal
22.000 € 25 years 9 years
Geothermal Vertical
31.000 € 25 years 13 years
• Wind power is a good solution if the user has an existing heating system
If not it is preferable to choose another heating system • Biomass firewood is the best solution for heating only
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Thank you for your attentionWe welcome your questions and suggestions
35http://www.bhmpics.com