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September 14, 2009 EPRI's XIII Annual Power Switching Safety and Reliability Conference
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Distributed GenerationPresented by: Doug Fairchild & Chris Cooper
September 14, 2009 EPRI's XIII Annual Power Switching Safety and Reliability Conference
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Agenda
• Hydro One Overview• The state of DG in the Province of Ontario• Technical Issues• Operational Requirements Overview• Control Room Network Management
System
September 14, 2009 EPRI's XIII Annual Power Switching Safety and Reliability Conference
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Hydro One Overview
September 14, 2009 EPRI's XIII Annual Power Switching Safety and Reliability Conference
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Family of Companies
September 14, 2009 EPRI's XIII Annual Power Switching Safety and Reliability Conference
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Hydro One Networks
Hydro One Networks
AssetManagement
Engineering &Constructions Grid Ops Customer Ops
September 14, 2009 EPRI's XIII Annual Power Switching Safety and Reliability Conference
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Our Mission
September 14, 2009 EPRI's XIII Annual Power Switching Safety and Reliability Conference
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Where are we?
September 14, 2009 EPRI's XIII Annual Power Switching Safety and Reliability Conference
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Ontario Grid Control Center (OGCC)
September 14, 2009 EPRI's XIII Annual Power Switching Safety and Reliability Conference
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System DetailsStations Transmission - 274Distribution - 1035
Lines/UG Cables500kV - 3,784km230kV - 13,824/50km115kV -10,953/220km 4 to 44kV - 119,800km
CustomersTransmission:Large Direct - 94Local Distribution - 83Generation - 33
Distribution:Customers - 1.3 M
Generators174 (includes 77 OPG)
2007 Peak Demand25,707 MW 28,005 MW (Highest Peak recorded Aug 1, 06)
September 14, 2009 EPRI's XIII Annual Power Switching Safety and Reliability Conference
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Eastern Inter Ties
New York 1,700-2,050 MW in 1,700-2,350 MW out
Ontario
Michigan1,250-1,400 MW in 1,550-
1,700 MW out
Minnesota90 MW in
140 MW out
Quebec1,500 MW in;620 MW out
Manitoba330 MW in;260 MW out
September 14, 2009 EPRI's XIII Annual Power Switching Safety and Reliability Conference
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The State of DG in the Province of Ontario
September 14, 2009 EPRI's XIII Annual Power Switching Safety and Reliability Conference
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Current Supply Mix
As of: 1st Quarter 2009 RESOP Supply Mix
September 14, 2009 EPRI's XIII Annual Power Switching Safety and Reliability Conference
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DG Supply Mix (RESOP)
As of: 1st Quarter 2009
Renewable Energy Standard Offer Program
September 14, 2009 EPRI's XIII Annual Power Switching Safety and Reliability Conference
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DG Connection Process
CIA CIA
Cost EstimateCost Estimate
Design & ConstructDesign & Construct
Init. Consult./FeasibilityInit. Consult./Feasibility
Impact on Distribution System and supply station
How much willit cost?
Design, Construct & Commission
Cost Recovery Agreement
Cost Estimate Agreement
CIA Study Agreement
ConnectConnect Connect
Connection Agreement
September 14, 2009 EPRI's XIII Annual Power Switching Safety and Reliability Conference
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Renewable Generation
September 14, 2009 EPRI's XIII Annual Power Switching Safety and Reliability Conference
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Generator Categories
ConnectionTransmission
TS BusH1 DistributionLDC (Co-op)
Embedded LDC
MeteringNet MeteringWholesale
RetailLoad Displacement
Emergency Back-Up
FuelWind
Hydro ElectricWaste
Bio-fuelSolar
SizeMicroSmall
Mid-SizedLarge
September 14, 2009 EPRI's XIII Annual Power Switching Safety and Reliability Conference
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Ontario Electricity Stakeholders
ExternalOntario GovernmentMinistry of Energy
OEBOPAIESOESA
DevelopersOFA
LDC'sCSA
InternalDistribution System
Development Legal
Engineering and Construction Services
Provincial LinesRegulatory
Metering and SettlementsGrid Operations
September 14, 2009 EPRI's XIII Annual Power Switching Safety and Reliability Conference
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Technical Issues
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TS
Tran
smission
System
Distribution
System
LoadLoad
Load
Load
Generator
Distributed Generation Base Case: No Distributed Generation
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GeneratorTran
smission
System
TS
LoadLoad
Load
Load
Distributed Generation Case 1: Loads > DG
DG
Tran
smission
System
Distribution
System
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Generator
TS
LoadLoad
Load
Load
Distributed Generation Case 2: DG > Load
DG
Tran
smission
System
Distribution
System
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Generator
TS
LoadLoad
Load
Load
Distributed Generation Case 2: DG >> Load, Reach Dx Feeder Thermal Limits
DG DG
Tran
smission
System
Distribution
System
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Generator
TS
LoadLoad
Load
Load
Distributed Generation Case 4: Voltage Fluctuation – Sudden disconnection of DG
Tran
smission
System
Distribution
System
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Generator
TS
LoadLoad
Load
Load
Distributed Generation Case 5: Fault Causes “Islanding” due to Distribution Fault
DG
Supplied by DG Only
Tran
smission
System
Distribution
System
25
Generator
TS
LoadLoad
Load
Load
Distributed Generation Case 5: Protection, Control, & Telecom Corrects Islanding
DG
Breaker left open to
protect DG
Tran
smission
System
Distribution
System
Momentary Outage
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Generator
TS
LoadLoad
Load
Load
Distributed Generation Case 6:DG >> Load; Exceed Station Equipment Limits
DG DG
Tran
smission
System
Distribution
System
27
Generator
TS
LoadLoad
Load
Load
Distributed Generation Case 6:Exceed Interface Limits
DG DG
Tran
smission
System
Distribution
System
September 14, 2009 EPRI's XIII Annual Power Switching Safety and Reliability Conference
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Operational Requirements
September 14, 2009 EPRI's XIII Annual Power Switching Safety and Reliability Conference
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Telemetry Requirements
Generators > 250 kW’s:• MW• MVAR• Current• Voltage
** As measured at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC)
September 14, 2009 EPRI's XIII Annual Power Switching Safety and Reliability Conference
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Customer Interface Protections
• Over/Under Voltage• Over/Under Frequency• Overcurrent Protection• Distance Protection
September 14, 2009 EPRI's XIII Annual Power Switching Safety and Reliability Conference
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Power Quality
• DG’s are not allowed to actively control the voltage. They currently operate at a fixed power factor.
• Must meet industry standards for:– Flicker– Harmonic Distortion
• PQ meter required – data logged
September 14, 2009 EPRI's XIII Annual Power Switching Safety and Reliability Conference
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Connection Agreement
• Connection Agreement template updated to reflect DG operating requirements;– Real Time Contact– Emergency Switching– Limitations of the Distribution System– Loss of telemetry
September 14, 2009 EPRI's XIII Annual Power Switching Safety and Reliability Conference
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Operational Requirements
• DG must disconnect if the normal (or approved alternate) supply changes. Established at the CIA stage.
• Any temporary feeder parallels using an air break switch requires DG’s to come off-line.
• No automatic re-synchronization unless:– DG has 24 hr contact with ability to disconnect or– Hydro One has remote control of customer LBS
• Lock out auto re-synch. after 15 minutes of loss of supply (voltage/frequency).
September 14, 2009 EPRI's XIII Annual Power Switching Safety and Reliability Conference
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Commissioning
• Customer is responsible to commission their own facilities
• Hydro One is obligated to ensure safe & reliable operation of the distribution system
• The “COVER” provides a documented process to ensure interconnected systems have been verified to operate as designed
COVER – Confirmation of Verification Evidence Report
September 14, 2009 EPRI's XIII Annual Power Switching Safety and Reliability Conference
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Long term Strategy
• Need to develop a long term strategy• Control Room primarily monitors Transmission Assets.• Smart Grid occurs at the Distribution level.• DG is not evenly spread across the province.• How do we grow the control room?• Should we develop both Tx & Dx specific Operators?• Or should our Operators know both systems?• Need for a higher level of service to our DG customers.
September 14, 2009 EPRI's XIII Annual Power Switching Safety and Reliability Conference
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Network Management System
• Display all Generation above 250 kW’s• Real Time Data:
• Analogs• Alarms• Status• Control
• Need for Aggregate DG output per:• Feeder• Station
September 14, 2009 EPRI's XIII Annual Power Switching Safety and Reliability Conference
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EMS Display Template
September 14, 2009 EPRI's XIII Annual Power Switching Safety and Reliability Conference
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Sample EMS Displays
September 14, 2009 EPRI's XIII Annual Power Switching Safety and Reliability Conference
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Thank You