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PaBCaBlrdðGURsþalI; cMNgrYmrbs´eyIg38
EpñkTI 4
RbeTsGURsþalIkñúgeBlbc©úb|nñenH
RbeTsGURsþalIKWCapÞaMgdIlVwgelVIyd¾mancMNas´CageKmYykñúgBiPBelak.
vaCaRbeTsZMCageKTI 6 kñúgBiPBelak.
EpñkTI 4 - RbeTsGURsþalIkñúgeBlbc©úb|nñenH 39EpñkTI 4 - RbeTsGURsþalIkñúgeBlbc©úb|nñenH 39
RbeTsGURsþalIkñúgeBlbc©úb|nñenAkñúgTMB&rTaMgenH elakGñknwgdwgGMBIGVIEdleZVIoRbeTsenHBiessya¨gxøaMg. elakGñknwgrkeXIjeRcIneT[tGMBIvb|Zm(rbs´eyIg GñkEdlbegI,t
nUvKMnitzµI>rbs´eyIg nigGtþsJ¦aNCatirbs´eyIg. enAkñúgBiPBelakbc©úb|nñenH RbeTsGURsþalICaédKUmuxCMnYj nigBaNiC¢kmµd¾rs´revIk
ehIyCaBlrdðEdleKeKarBBaseBjBiPBelak. eyIgotémøcMeBaHkarpþl´viPaKTanrbs´CnGenþaRbevsn¾zµI dl´karlUtlas´ya¨geT[gTat´
nigkareZVIeLIgCazµIénRbeTsrbs´eyIg.
TwkdIGURsþalICaRbeTsEdlmanEtmYyKt´xusBIRbeTsd¾éTedayreb[beRcInya¨g. kñúgcMeNamTVIbTaMg 7 kñúgBiPBelak RbeTsGURsþalIKWCaTVIbEtmYy
Kt´EdlRKb´RKgedayRbCaCatiEtmYy. eyIgmancMNuHRbCaCnrs´enATabCageKbMputkñúgBiPBelak edaymanmnusSEtBIrnak´b¨ueNÑaH
kñúgmYyKILÚEm¨Rtkaer¨.
RbeTsGURsþalICapÞaMgdIlVwgelVIymYyd¾mancMNas´CageKkñúgBiPBelak. vaCaRbeTsZMCageKTIR:MmYykñúgBiPBelak. vak*CaTVIbrs´enAEdl
sáÜtCageKEdr ehtuenHehIy:nCaenAtamEpñkPaKeRcInénRbeTsGURsþalI TwkKWCaZnZanmantémøCaxøaMg.
TwkdICaeRcInmandIZøIGn´zy edaymanEt 6 PaKryb¨ueNÑaHEdlsmrmünwgeZVIksikmµ. TIkEnøgdIsáÜtkñúgRbeTsehAza ´tMbn´dac´Rsyal ´
‘the outback’. mankareKarBd¾x¬g´x¬s´cMeBaHRbCaCnEdlrs´enA nigeZVIkarenAbridðanqáaydac´Rsyal ehIyBi:krs´enATaMgenH. eKPaK
eRcIn:nkøayeTACaEpñkéner]gniTanGURsþalI.
edayehtuzaRbeTsGURsþalIKWCaRbeTsZMya¨genH eTIbZatuGakasERbRbYltamEpñkxus>KñaénTVIb. mantMbn´RtUBikenAxageCIgGURsþalI ehIyTI
rehafanenAEpñkkNþal.
Eb¨kxagt|Úg sItuNØPaBGacpøas´bþÚrBIrdUvrgarRtCak´manPñMRBil mkCacMhayekþAenArdUvekþA.
bEnæmBIelIrdðTaMg 6 nigEdndIeKakTaMg 2 rdðaPi:lGURsþalIRKb´RKgdUcCaEdndIEdrnUvekaHTaMgLay dUcCaekaH Ashmore nig Cartier
Islands, Christmas Island, the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Jervis Bay Territory, EdndIQUgsmuRT Coral Sea Islands, Heard
Island nig McDonald Islands enAEdndIGg´tak´TIkGURsþalI nigekaH Norfolk Island.
PaBCaBlrdðGURsþalI; cMNgrYmrbs´eyIg40
kEnøghVÚsuIlrbs´znikstVGURsþalIenArdðGURsþalI
xagt|Úg nigXVInEsøn
ekaH Fraser Island ecjBIeqñrsmuRTxagt|Úgénrdð
XVInEsøn
TIkEnøgek¼dMENlBiPBelakelIsBI 11 PaKryénTVIbrbs´eyIg KWCaTwkdIkarBarRbPBedImCaóTüanbMrugTuk ßóTüanCatiEdl:nRKb´RKgsMrab´karGPirkSeTA tambTdðan
GnþrCati. TItaMgGURsþalIcMnYn 17 RtUv:ndak´cUlkñúgbJ¢Iek¼dMENlBiPBelakrbs´Gg<karshRbCaCatiEpñk Gb´rMviTüasaRsþ nigvb|Zm(
(UNESCO).
tMbn´éRBRkas´ePø[geRcIn Gondwana
énrdðjÚvesAEvl nigXVInEsøn
Great Barrier Reef enArdðXVInEsøn
Greater Blue Mountains enAxaglicRkugsuIdnIy ekaH Heard Island nigekaH McDonald Islands
enAEdndIGg´tak´TikGURsþalI
sYnóTüanCati Kakadu enAEdndIxageCIg
ekaH Lord Howe Island ecjBIeqñrsmuRT
rdðjÚvesAEvl
ekaH Macquarie Island xagt|Úgrdðzasem¨nIja¨
EpñkTI 4 - RbeTsGURsþalIkñúgeBlbc©úb|nñenH 41
sYnóTüanCati Purnululu enArdðGURsþalIxaglic
Royal Exhibition Building nigsYnc|ar
Carlton Gardens enARkugEm¨lb)n
Shark Bay ‘qksmuRTRtIqøam’
enArdðGURsþalIxaglic
Sydney Opera House
éRBrehafan Tasmanian Wilderness
tMbn´RtUBikesIménrdðXVInEsøn
bwg Willandra Lakes enArdðjÚvesAEvl
eyIgsUmelIkTwkcitþoelakGñkBRgIkbT
BiesaZn¾rbs´elakGñk edaykareTAkMsanþ
enAtamkEnøgsMxan´TaMgenH nigTIkEnøg
d¾cEmøkdéTeT[t. elakGñkGacedIr
enATIrehafan ßtameqñrsmuRT elIPñM
ßéRBRkas´Zøak´ePø{g. RKb´CMhanEdl
elakGñkQan KWCaCMhankan´EtCit
eTAnwgkmµsiTÆTwkdId¾ZMTUlay nigrs´
revIkenH.
sYnóTüanCati Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park
enAEdndIxageCIg
PaBCaBlrdðGURsþalI; cMNgrYmrbs´eyIg42
kUnekµgsikSaenAsalaer[ntamviTüúpSaysemøgenArdðjÚvesAEvl
RbeTsd¾ZMTUlay
PaBd¾ZMlVwgelVIyénRbeTsGURsþalI :neZVIoekItmanKMnitzµI>
nigkaréqñRbDit.
enAsm&ymun RbCaCnenAtMbn´dac´RsyalCYnkaleKRtUveZVIdMeNIr
CaeRcInézáedIm|ImkoevC¢bNÐitEdlenACitCageK BinitüeraK. kUn
ekµgCaeRcInrs´enAkñúgéRBeRsagya¨gqáaydac´RsyalBi:kmker[n
enAsalaeBlézá.
RKYsarenAtMbn´dac´RsyalCYbRbTHkarsæitenAqáaydac´BIeK Cakar
Bi:kRTaMRTNas´. sæanIyciJ©wmstVBahn;ZM>GacmanTMhMeRcIn
KILÚEm¨Rtkaer¨. RsþI nigkUnekµgEdlrs´enATIenaHGacBMuCYbmnusS
déTeT[tkñúgry;eBlrab´Ex. BMumanTUrs&BÞeT ehIyRbCaCnman
GarmµN¾enAqáaydac´BIeK niggayTTYlrgeRKaHCaTIbMput.
TaMgenHKWCabJØaEdlCnCatiGURsþalId¾Gs©arü :nedaHRsaytam
ry;karbuinRbsb´ nigkarmanKMnitzµI>.
viTüúeRbIQñan´
enAqñaM 1929, Alfred Traegar mkBIRkugGaeDIELd:ner[bcMviTüú
eRbIzamBlQñan´eCIgTImYy. GñkeRbIR:s´GacrkSaoviTüúsþab´:n
TaMgsgxagedayZak´Qñan´CamYynwgeCIgrbs´eK. pÞHksidðanEdl
dac´qáayBIeK sæanIyebskkmµEdlenAtMbn´dac´Rsyal nigsh
Kmn¾CnCatiGabUrICInITaMgGs´ :nTTYlplRbeyaCn¾GMBIkaréqñRbDit
enH. eBlenaH RsþIEdlenAqáaydac´BIeKGaceZVICamitþPkþinwgKñaeTA
vijeTAmkqøgkat´tamry;rlkZatuGakas.
viTüúeRbIQñan´eCIg:nCYybeg,Itsæab&nGURsþalId¾Gs©arüBIrKW kic©bMerI
raCevC¢bNÐittampøÚvGakas (Royal Flying Doctor Service)
nigsalaer[ntamviTüúpSaysemøg.
kic©bMerIraCevC¢bNÐittampøÚvGakas (The Royal Flying Doctor Service)
buBVCit John Flynn :nrs´enA nigeZVIkarCamYyRbCaCnenA
shKmn¾CnbT. KMnitrbs´elakKWedIm|InaMykevC¢bNÐuiteTABinitü
GñkCmáWenAtMbn´dac´Rsyalo:nqab´bMput EdlGaceZVI:ntam
pøÚvGakas. elakTTYl:nCMnYyzvikarBIrdðaPi:l Rkumh)unGakas
crN¾ Qantas nigGMeNaymnusSZm(. kic©bMerIraCevC¢bNÐit
tampøÚvGakas cab´epþImbMerIenAqñaM 1928 k*b¨uEnþenAEtmanRbCaCn
enAkEnøgdac´Rsyal EdlBMuGacTak´TgCamYykic©bMerIenH:n.
kardak´oeRbInUvviTüúeRbIQñan´ KWedIm|IZanaoRbCaCnenAsæanIydac´
RsyalxøaMg GacehAmkevC¢bNÐit:nya¨gqab´bMputtamEdl
GaceZVI:n.
salaer[ntamviTüúpSaysemøg
rhUtdl´qñaM 1950 kUnekµgrs´enAkEnøgdac´RsyalRtUveTAsala
er[nEdlmankEnøgsñak´GaRs&y ebIBMudUecñaHeT eKRtUvbMeBjemer[n
tamsMbuRtéRbsNIy*.
Adelaide Miethke mkBIRkugGaeDIELd CaRbZanrgénkic©bMerI
PUminÞevC¢bNÐittampøÚvGakasenArdðGURsþalIxagt|Úgyl´za kic©bMerI
PUminÞevC¢bNÐittampøÚvGakas k*GacCYykUnekµgenApÞHoniyayCamYy
RKUbeRg[nrbs´eK:nEdr. kic©bMerIenA Alice Springs epþImpSay
emer[ntamry;viTüúsþab´:nTaMgsgxagenAqñaM 1948. salaer[n
tamviTüúpSagsemøg:nbeg,ItCapøÚvkarb¨unµanqñaMeRkaymk. sala
er[ntamviTüúénRbeTsGURsþalI k*:nCYybNþaRbeTsdéTeT[t
CaeRcInpgEdr oer[bcMkmµviZIdUcKñaenHrbs´eKpÞal´.
viTüúeRbIQñan´CMnan´cas´eBlenHRtUv:ndak´CMnYsedayeRK]gRbdab´
cab´rlkZatuGakasx¬s´ k*b¨uEnþkic©bMerIPUminÞevC¢bNÐittampøÚvGakas
énRbeTsGURsþalI nigsalaer[ntamviTüúenAEtbnþbMerI nigpþl´pl
RbeyaCn¾dl´RbCaCnenAshKmn¾dac´RsyalkñúgRbeTsGURsþalI.
EpñkTI 4 - RbeTsGURsþalIkñúgeBlbc©úb|nñenH 43
GtþsJ¦aNénRbeTsGURsþalI
GtþsJ¦aNénRbeTsGURsþalI:nkIteLIgedaysarek¼dMENld¾bvrEtmYyKt´rbs´eyIg KWvb|Zm(rbs´eyIg nigcrikEdlmanKMniteRcIn
RBmTaMgesckþIsVahab´rbs´RbCaCneyIg.
Ian Thorpe GñkTTYlemdaymaskILaGULaMBikcMnYnR:MelIk
smaCikénRkum:l´Tat´ RsICatiGURsþalI
kILa nigkarelgkMsanþ
CnCatiGURsþalICaeRcIncUlcitþkILa ehIyCaeRcInnak´eZVI:nseRmc
lTÆplKYrocab´GarmµN¾enAkMritGnþrCati.
eyIgmanemaTnPaBcMeBaHkitþis&BÞrbs´eyIg CaRbCaCatién
´kILad¾BUEk ´. kILakr nigkILakarinIGURsþalIRtUv:neKekatsresIr
zaCardðTUtpøÚvkarelItémøénkarxitxMeZVIkargar karelgRtwmRtUv
nigkargarCaRkum.
eBjTUTaMgRbvtþirbs´eyIg kILa:nbJ¢ak´nUvlk¡N;rbs´RbCaCn
GURsþalI ehIybRgYbbRgYmeyIg. cab´BIkartaMglMenAdðanelIkdMbUg
mkemøH kILa:nnaMoePøckarBiténGMeBIeXareXAEdlZøab´man. sUm|I
EtkñúgeBleZVIsRg<am smaCikénkgkmøaMgkarBarCatiGURsþalI:ner[b
cMkarRbkYtRbECgkILaedIm|ICYybnÆÚrPaBtantwgenAelIsmrPUmi.
kILak*pþl´nUvmUldðanrYmpgEdrEdlGnuJ¦atoGñkelg nigGñkTsSna
manGarmµN¾RtUv:nrab´bJ©Úl nigCacMENkénGVImYyEdlsMxan´cMeBaH
sg<mGURsþalI.
CnCatiGURsþalICaeRcIncUlrYmkñúgRkumkILa. kILaRKIkxwt (cricket)
kILa:l´e:H kILavaykUn:l´ kILavaykUneKal elITwkkk nig
vin&ykILa:l´Tat´mankñúgcMeNamkILaEdlmanRbCaRbiyCageK.
karEhlTwkelg etnIs GtþBlkmµ kILavaykUneKal nigkarCiH
kg´CaskmµPaBkMsanþEdlmanRbCaRbiy. TaMgenHk*CakILaEdl
CnCatiGURsþalIelg:nya¨glÁenAÉkarRbkYtGnþrCatipgEdr.
skmµPaBpøÚvkayd¾manRbCaRbiydéTeT[t rab´bJ©ÚlTaMgkaredIrkñúg
éRBeRsag CiHbENþtekþagelITwksmuRT nigelgs<I.
CnCatiGURsþalIk*cUlcitþelg ehIynigemIl:l´Tat´ (football)
pgEdr ‘RtUv:ns<al´zakILa:l´Tat´ soccer Edr’ Rkumsm¬&nÆ
:l´Ob (rugby) nigshPaB:l´Ob nig:l´Tat´tamreb[b
vin&yGURsþalI. ´vin&y:l´Tat´tamreb[bGURsþalI ´ KWCaEl|gsMrab´
EtCnCatiGURsþalImYyb¨ueNÑaH.
RbeTsGURsþalImanemaTnPaBCaCaBiesscMeBaHeCaKC&yEpñkGnþr
Catirbs´xøÜnkñúgkILaRKIkxwt. RkumkILaRKIkxwtGURsþalI nigGg´eKøs
ZøabmankarRbkYtRbECgKñaya¨gxøaMgkøacab´taMgBIcugstvtSr¾TI 19 mk.
BanrgVan´Em¨lb)n (Melbourne Cup) ´karRbNaMgesHEdl
bJÄb´RbCaCatiBIkargar ´KWCakarRbNaMgmYyénkarRbNaMgesHEdl
manZnZan nigxMRbwgERbgCageKbMputkñúgBiPBelak. karRbNaMg
esH Melbourne Cup elIkTImYy:neZVIeLIgenAqñaM 1861. ézá
Gg<ar¾dMbUgkñúgExvicäika CaézáBanrgVan´ Melbourne Cup ehIy
CaézábuNüsaZarN;kñúgvictUrIya¨cab´taMgBIqñaM 1877.
PaBCaBlrdðGURsþalI; cMNgrYmrbs´eyIg44
elak Donald Bradman ‘1908-2001’elak Donald Bradman CaGñkvaykUn:l´kILaRKIkxwtd¾Gs©arüCageKRKb´eBl ehIyCaGñkkILa
GURsþalId¾l|Il|ajmYyrUb.
ekItenA Bowral rdðjÚvesAEvlelak Donald Bradman :nelgEl|gkILaRKIkxwtelIkTImYyrbsKat
sMrab´RkumGURsþalIenAqñaM 1928.
Kat´manrags<m k*b¨uEnþeCIgrbs´Kat´rh&sKYroP\ak´epÁIl. kñúgkarsEmþgrbs´Kat´enARbeTsGg´eKøsqñaM 1930
Kat´:nQñHesIÞrRKb´TaMgkarvaykUn:l´Edlmankt´RtaTukBImun>. enAGmøúgGayu 21 qñaM Kat´køayeTACa
Gñkl|Il|ajGURsþalIrYcCaeRsc.
kñúgkarsEmþgcugeRkayenArbs´elak Bradman kñúgqñaM 1948 Rkumrbs´Kat´RtUv:ns<al´zaCa
‘The Invincibles’ edayeRBaHeKminEdlelgcajenAkñúgkarRbkYtNamYy CamYynwgRbeTsGgeKøseLIy.
elak Donald Bradman RtUv:neKs<al´za ‘The Don’ KWCaGñkvaykUn:l´kILaRKIkxwtBUEkCageK
kñúgBiPBelak. etsþkarvaykUn:l´kILaRKIkxwtrbs´Kat´CamZümKW 99.94.
sil|;
RbeTsGURsþalImanqaksil|;rs´revIk enHrab´bJ©ÚlTaMgvb|Zm(RbéB
NIedIm nigl|ayénvb|Zm(CnGenþaRbevsþn¾. RKb´TRmg´énTsSnIy
PaB nigkarsEmþgsil|;GURsþalIrab´bJ©ÚlTaMgExSPaBynþ el¡an
tRnþI nigr:M:nTak´Taj karekatsresIrTaMgkñúg nigeRkARbeTs.
GkSrsaRsþ
RbeTsGURsþalImanRbéBNIEdlcab´epþImCamYykarniTaner]génCn
CatiedImGURsþalI ehIy:nbnþCaer]gniTanGMBIkarmkdl´rbs´Gñk
eTasenAcugstvtSr¾TI 18.
karsresrelIkdMbUgrbs´RbeTsGURsþalIKWeRcInGMBIéRBRbwkSa nigkar
lM:kénCIvitkñúgbridðanEdlBi:krs´enA. GñkniBnÆdUcCa Henry
Lawson nig Miles Franklin :nsresrkMNaBü niger]gGMBI
éRBRbwkSa nigreb[brs´enArbs´CnCatiGURsþalI.
GñkniBnÆer]gRbelamelakGURsþalI Patrick White :nTTYlrgVan´
NUEb)lGkSrsaRsþenAqñaM 1973. GñkniBnÆer]gRbelamelakman
RbCaRbiydéTeT[tenAsm&yzµIrab´bJ©ÚlTaMg Peter Carey,
Colleen McCullough nig Tim Winton.
Judith Wright ‘1915-2000’
Judith Wright CaRsþIkvId¾
cMNan CaGñkGPirkSbridðan nig
GñkeZVIyuTÆnakaredIm|IsiTÆirbs´Cn
CatiedImGabUrICInI.
Kat´CakvIkrmñak´kñúgcMeNamkvIk
rGURsþalIEdleKRsLaj´bMput.
kar:nsEmþgesckþIRsLaj´rbs´
nagcMeBaHRbeTsGURsþalI nigCn
Catirbs´xøÜnenAkñúgkMNaBürbs´
Kat´. Kat´:nTTYlC&ylaPICaeRcInrgVan´rab´bJ©ÚlTaMgrgVan´
Encyclopaedia Britannica Prize cMeBaHGkSrsaRsþ nig
emdaymasRBHmhakSRtiyanIcMeBaHkMNaBü. Kat´CasmaCikén
KN;kmµkarGPirkSbridðanGURsþalI nigKN;kmµkarsnÆisJ¦a
GabUrICInI.
Judith Wright RtUv:neKcgcaMcMeBaHmuxCMnajrbs´nagCa
kvIkr nigkareZVIorIkcMerIndl´GkSrsaRsþGURsþalI nigkarEkTRmg´
sg<mkic© nigbridðan.
EpñkTI 4 - RbeTsGURsþalIkñúgeBlbc©úb|nñenH 45
el¡an nigExSPaBynþel¡anExSPaBynþ nigGñkplitExSPaBynþGURsþalIRtUv:neKTTYl
s<al´ nigcUlcitþenATIenH nigenAbreTs. sil|krGURsþalIdUcCa
Cate Blanchett nig Geoffrey Rush nigGñkplitExSPaBynþ
dUcCa Peter Weir Zøab´QñHrgVan´GnþrCatiCaeRcIncMeBaHPaBlÁ
RbesIrrbs´eKenAkñúgExSPaBynþ.
sil|;kic©karsil|;GURsþalIEdl:nRtUvTTYls<al´CageK KWrUbKMnUrnimitþ
sJ¦aCnCatiedIm nigTsSnIyPaBéRBRbwkSarbs´GñkKMnUrdUcCa
Tom Roberts, Frederick McCubbin nig Arthur
Streeton. enABak´kNþalstvtSr¾TI 20 sil|;kr Russell
Drysdale nig Sidney Nolan BiBN(naGMBIkarBi:krs´enAtam
tMbn´qáaydac´RsyaledayBN(Rkas´. enAeBlzµI>enH Brett
Whiteley :nTTYlkarekatsresIrCaGnþrCaticMeBaHrcnabzmYy
EbøkBIeK nigPaBrs´revIkrbs´Kat´.
tRnþI nigr:MCnCatiGURsþalI:nTTYlyk nigeZVIo:nRbesIrRKb´EpñkéntRnþI
ehIyRtUv:neKTTYls<al´CaGnþrCaticMeBaHviPaKTanrbs´eKdl´
tRnþIEbbbUraN TICnbT nigr¨uk (rock). óbkrN¾EdlRtUv:neK
TTYls<al´el]nCageKbMputKWh<Ita didgeridoo EdlCaóbkrN¾
ePøgbUraNrbs´CnCatiGabUrICInI.
r:MCnCatiGURsþalI:ncMerInlÁ edaysarkarRbwgERbgrbs´Gñkr:M
nigGñkbgØat´r:Md¾cMNan>dUcCaelak Robert Helpmann,
Meryl Tankard nig Stephen Page.
karseRmceCaKC&yEpñkviTüasaRsþ
nigkaréqñRbDitCnCatiGURsþalI:nTTYllTÆpllÁpþac´xøaMgkøaEdl:nkt´RtaTuk
cMeBaHkarseRmceCaKC&yEpñkviTüasaRsþ nigeC]nel]nkñúgvis&y
evC¢saRsþ bec©kviTüa ksikmµ ZnZan Er¨ nigskmµPaBplit.
CnCatiGURsþalI 10 nak´ :nTTYlC&ylaPIrgVan´NUEb)lsMrab´
karrkeXIjEpñkviTüasaRsþ nigevC¢saRsþ.
GñkseRmceCaKC&yEpñkviTüasaRsþ k*Zøab´:nTTYlC&ylaPIRbcaMqñaM
GURsþalI (Australian of the Year Awards) pgEdr. enA
qñaM 2005 C&ylaPI:nRbKl´eTAsaRsþacarü Fiona Wood Edl
:nbeg,ItzñaMrav:j´elIEs|ksMrab´CnrgeRKaHEdlRtUvrlak. enA
qñaM 2006 C&ylaPI:nRbKl´eTAsaRsþacarü Ian Frazer Edl
:nbeg,ItzñaMcak´karBarCmáWmharIks|Ún. enAqñaM 2007 saRsþacarü
Tim Flannery GñkviTüasaRsþnaMmuxEpñkbridðan:nTTYlC&ylaPI
enHEdr.
saRsþacarü Wood nigsaRsþacarü Frazer :neZVIGenþaRbevsn¾
BIRbeTsGg´eKøs mkkan´GURsþalI. édKUGñkéqñRbDitrbs´saRsþacarü
Frazer KWCaevC¢bNÐit Jian Zhou Edl:neZVIGenþaRbevsn¾BIRb
eTscin ehIyk*:nkøayCaBlrdðGURsþalIpgEdr.
GñkdwknaMvg´ePøg nigCaGñkcUlsJ¢atiGURsþalIzµI> Vladimir Verbitsky
CamYynwgvg´dUrütRnþIénrdðGURsþalIxaglic
saRsþacarü Fred Hollows ‘1929-1993’saRsþacarü Fred Hollows
CaeBTüEPñkEdlCk´citþkñúgkar
CYydl´mnusSmYylannak´kñúg
RbeTsGURsþalI nigtamRbeTs
Gn´zyoemIleXIjeLIgvij.
elak Fred Hollows ekIt
enARbeTsjÚveh)SLwn. enA
qñaM 1965 elak:nmkrs´enA
RbeTsGURsþalI ehIyeRkaymk
køayCaRbZannaykdðanEPñkenAmnÞIreBTüsuIdnIy.
elakeC]ya¨gxøaMgkøaelIsmPaBcMeBaHmnusSRKb´rUb ehIyCYyer[bcM
omankic©bMerIBüa:leraKdl´CnCatiGabUrICInI. «LÚvenHmankic©bMerI
cMnYn 60 enABaseBjRbeTsGURsþalI.
mkdl´qñaM 1980 elak Fred Hollows :neZVIdMeNIrBaseBj
BiPBelak edIm|ICYyer[bcMkmµviZIsuxPaBEPñkenAtamRbeTsGn´zy.
elakkøayCaBlrdðGURsþalIenAExemsa qñaM 1989.
kic©kard¾lÁrbs´saRsþacarü Hollows :nbnþmkdl´Priyarbs´
Kat´ Gabi nigmUlniZi Fred Hollows Foundation.
PaBCaBlrdðGURsþalI; cMNgrYmrbs´eyIg46
CnCatiGURsþalIRbcaMqñaMtaMgBIqñaM 1960 mk C&ylaPIsMrab´CnCatiGURsþalIRbcaMqñaM:nGbGrsaTrcMeBaHkarsMerceCaKC&y nigkarpþl´viPaKTanrbs´CnCatiGURsþalI
Qanmux. GñkNak*Gaccat´taMgCnCatiGURsþalImYyrUb ecjBImCÄdðanNak*:nEdrsMrab´TTYlC&ylaPIenH. CnCatiGURsþalIRbcaMqñaMKW
CamnusSEdlmanPaBlÁRbesIrCageKkñúgkic©karrbs´eK ehIy:nbMerIRbCaCati.
qñaM 1995 Arthur Boyd AC OBE
sil|;kr
qñaM 1994 Ian Kiernan OAM
GñkeZVIyuTÆnakar ‘Clean Up Australia’
´e:ssMGatRbeTsGURsþalI ´
qñaM 1992 Mandawuy Yunupingu
GñkdwknaMCnCatiedIm
qñaM 1991 Archbishop Peter Hollingworth AO OBE
GñkKaMRTyutþiZm(kñúgsg<m
qñaM 1990 saRsþacarü Fred Hollows AC
RKUeBTüBüa:lEPñk
qñaM 1989 Allan Border AO
RbZanRkumkILaRKIkxwt
qñaM 1988 Kay Cottee AO
GñkbMEbkÉkGtþBlkmµEpñkCiHTUkekþagmñak´Ég
qñaM 1987 John Farnham
GñkceRm[g nigtRnþIkr
qñaM 1986 Dick Smith
GñkpSgeRBg nigGñkRsLaj´mnusSCati
qñaM 1985 Paul Hogan AM
taraPaBynþ
qñaM 1984 Lowitja O’Donoghue CBE AM
GñkdwknaMCnCatiedIm
qñaM 1983 Robert de Castella MBE
eCIgÉkBiPBelakEpñkrt´RbNaMgpøÚvqáay
qñaM 1982 elak Edward Williams KCMG KBE
naysñgkar KN;kmµkaresIubsYrGMBIeRK]gej{nGURsþalI
qñaM 1981 elak John Crawford AC CBE
sæabtükrén Australia’s Post-War Growth
qñaM 1980 Manning Clark AC
RbvtþiviTU
qñaM 2009 saRsþacarü Michael Dodson AM
GñkdwknaMCnCatiedIm
qñaM 2008 Lee Kernaghan OAM
GñkceRm[g GñktRnþI nigGñker[bcMkarsEmþg ‘Pass the Hat Around’ Tours
qñaM 2007 saRsþacarü Tim Flannery
GñkviTüasaRsþ GñkniBnÆ nigGñkGPirkSbridðan
qñaM 2006 saRsþacarü Ian Frazer
RKUeBTüBüa:lEpñkRbB&nÆkarBarragkay nigCmáWqøg
qñaM 2005 saRsþacarü Fiona Wood AM
RKUeBTüvHkat´Ekragkay CaGñkÉkeTsEpñkkarrlak
ßEksmÖs
qñaM 2004 Steve Waugh
RbZanRkumkILaRKIkxwt nigGñkRsLaj´mnusSCati
qñaM 2003 saRsþacarü Fiona Stanley AC
RKUeBTüBüa:lkumar nigCmáWqøg
qñaM 2002 Patrick Rafter
kILazinñiseCIgÉkñúgkarRbkYtCacMhenAshrdð nigCa
Gñkbeg,ItmUlniZi ‘Cherish the Children Foundation’
qñaM 2001 nayótþmesnIy Peter Cosgrove AC MC
nayesnaZikarénkgT&BGURsþalI qñaM 2000-2002
qñaM 2000 elak Gustav Nossal AC CBE FAA FRS
GñkRsavRCavEpñkCIvsaRsþ
qñaM 1999 Mark Taylor
RbZanRkumkILaRKIkxwt
qñaM 1998 Cathy Freeman
GtþBlkreCIgÉkBiPBelak nigkILaGULaMBik
nigCaGK<rdðTUtCnCatiedIm
qñaM 1997 saRsþacarü Peter Doherty
GñkTTYlC&ylaPINUEb)lxagevC¢saRsþ
qñaM 1996 evC¢bNÐit John Yu AM
RKUeBTüBüa:lCmáWkumar
EpñkTI 4 - RbeTsGURsþalIkñúgeBlbc©úb|nñenH 47
qñaM 1979* RBwTÆsPa Neville Bonner AO
RBwTÆsPaCnCatiGabUrICInITImYy
qñaM 1979* Harry Butler CBE
GñkGPirkSbridðan nigZmµCati
qñaM 1978* Alan Bond
shRKin
qñaM 1978* Galarrwuy Yunupingu AM
GñkdwknaMCnCatiedIm
qñaM 1977* elak Murray Tyrrell KCVO CBE
elxaZikarkariyal&yrbs´GK<eTsaPi:l
qñaM 1977* Dame Raigh Roe DBE
GñkdwknaMsmaKmRsþICnbT
qñaM 1976 elak Edward ‘Weary’ Dunlop AC CMG OBE
RKUeBTüvHkat´sMrab´kgT&B
qñaM 1975* elak John Cornforth AC CBE
GñkTTYlC&ylaPINUEb)lEpñkKImI
qñaM 1975* nayótþmesnIy Alan Stretton AO CBE
embJ¢akarRbtibtþikarCYysRmalTuk¡enARkugdavIn
eRkayeBlxül´BüúH Cyclone Tracy
qñaM 1974 elak Bernard Heinze AC
GñkdwknaMvg´ePøg nigtRnþIkr
qñaM 1973 Patrick White
GñkTTYlC&ylaPINUEb)lEpñkGkSrsaRsþ
qñaM 1972 Shane Gould MBE
eCIgÉkkILaGULaMBikEpñkEhlTwk
qñaM 1971 Evonne Goolagong Cawley AO MBE
kILakrzinñiseCIgÉkkñúgkarRbkYtCacMhenA
Wimbledon nigRbeTs:raMg
qñaM 1970 Eminence Cardinal Sir Norman Gilroy KBE
nayksg¹kaDINal´TI 1 ekItenARbeTsGURsþalI
qñaM 1969 The Rt Hon Richard Gardiner Casey
Baron enAtMbn´ Berwick rdðvictUrIya¨ nigsalaRkug Westminister KG GCMG CH
GK<eTsaPi:lénRbeTsGURsþalI qñaM 1965-69
qñaM 1968 Lionel Rose MBE
eCIgÉkkILaRbdal´BiPBelak
qñaM 1967 The Seekers
RkumtRnþI
qñaM 1966 elak Jack Brabham OBE
eCIgÉkRbNaMgm¨UtUBiPBelak
qñaM 1965 elak Robert Helpmann CBE
GñksEmþgtY nadükr Gñkplit nigGñkbgØat´r:M
qñaM 1964 Dawn Fraser MBE
eCIgÉkEhlTwkkILaGULaMBik
qñaM 1963 elak John Eccles AC
GñkTTYlC&ylaPINUEb)lEpñkevC¢saRsþ
qñaM 1962 Alexander ‘Jock’ Sturrock MBE
embJ¢anavaRbkYtBanrgVan´GaemrikaMg
qñaM 1961 Dame Joan Sutherland OM AC DBE
GñkceRm[gsemøgqµar
qñaM 1960 elak MacFarlane Burnet OM AK KBE
GñkTTYlC&ylaPINUEb)lEpñkevC¢saRsþ
*enArvagqñaM 1975 nigqñaM 1979 RkumRbwkSaézábuNüCatiGURsþalI
enAEXneb)Ira¨ k*:nTTYls<al´CnCatiGURsþalIRbcaMqñaMpgEdr.
eQµaHeRCIstaMgEdl:nkt´TukCaeRkayTaMgenH CaGñkTTYlC&y
laPIRtwmRtUveTAtameQµaH bnÞab´BI:nTTYlrgVan´rYcehIy.
karseRmceCaKC&yrbs´eKeZVIoeyIgKitGMBIGVIEdleyIgGaceZVICabEnæmeT[t edIm|Ipþl´viPaKTandl´RbeTsd¾Gs©arürbs´eyIg. «LÚvenHC&ylaPI
manrab´bJ©ÚlTaMgCnv&yekµgGURsþalIRbcaMqñaM Cnv&ycas´GURsþalIRbcaMqñaM nigvIr;CnRbcaMtMbn´énRbeTsGURsþalI.
PaBCaBlrdðGURsþalI; cMNgrYmrbs´eyIg48
R:k´GURsþalI R:k´rbs´eyIgBiBN(naGMBImnusS nigvtæúl|Il|ajEdlsMxan´cMeBaHRbeTsGURsþalI. CnCatiGURsþalId¾l|Il|ajEdlRtUv:neRCIserIse:HBum¬
dak´rUbenAelIR:k´rbs´eyIg KWCamnusSEdlbgØajoeXIjnUvKMnitpþÜcepþIm nigeTBekaslüd¾Gs©arükñúgvis&ykMENTRmg´sg<m viTüasaRsþ
neya:y karseRmceCaKC&yEpñkkgT&B nigsil|;.
Queen Elizabeth II ‘RbsUtenAqñaM 1926’ mnÞIrrdðsPacas´ nigzµI
RBHmhakSRtiyanI Queen Elizabeth II CaRbmuxrdðénRbeTs
GURsþalI. RBHGg<CamhakSRtIyanIénRbeTsGURsþlI nigcRkPB
Gg´eKøs ehIyrs´enAkñúgRbeTsGg´eKøs. RBHGg<manvtþmand¾xøaMg
nigrwgmaMkñúgraCüsm|tþid¾yUrlg´ ehIymanRbCaRbiyPaBrhUtmk.
RkdasR:k´ 5 duløa bgØajTaMgmnÞIrrdðsPacas´
nigmnÞIrrdðsPazµIenAEXneb)Ira¨.
Dame Mary Gilmore (1865 – 1962)
Dame Mary Gilmore CaGñkniBnÆ GñksarBt(man kvIkr nig
GñkeZVIyuTÆnakaredIm|IEkTRmg´sg<m. Kat´RtUv:neKcgcaMcMeBaH
karsresr nigkarniyayrbs´Kat´kñúgnamRsþICnCatiedImGURsþalI
nigGñkRkIRk.
AB ‘Banjo’ Paterson (1864 – 1941)
Andrew Barton Paterson CakvIkr GñkEtgceRm[g nigGñk
sarBt(man. Kat´sresredayeRbIeQµaH ‘Banjo’ Paterson‘
ehIyRtUv:neKcgcaMcMeBaH ‘Waltzing Matilda’ EdlCaceRm[g
RbCaRbiyd¾l|Il|ajCageKkñúgRbeTsGURsþalI.
Reverend John Flynn (1880-1951)
RBHRKU Reverend John Flynn cab´epþImkic©bMerIEpñkeBTütampøÚvGa
kasTImYy KWkic©bMerIPUminÞevC¢bNÐittampøÚvGakasénRbeTsGURsþalI
(Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia). elakRtUv:n
eKcgcaMcMeBaHkarCYyeRsacRsg´CIvitmnusSCaeRcIn edaysarkarnaM
ykkic©bMerIEpñksuxPaBdl´tMbn´dac´Rsyal kñúgRbeTsGURsþalI.
Mary Reibey (1777-1855)
Mary Reibey CaRsþIGñkCMnYjEdl:nRtYsRtaypøÚvmuneKkñúgGaNa
niKmrdðjÚvesAEvl. eRkayBIkarmkdl´RbeTsGURsþalICaGñktaMg
lMenAdðanCab´eTasv&yekµgmñak´ Kat´k*:nkøayeTACaGñkdwknaMKYro
eKarBkñúgshKmn¾.
EpñkTI 4 - RbeTsGURsþalIkñúgeBlbc©úb|nñenH 49
David Unaipon (1872-1967)
David Unaipon CaGñkniBnÆ GñkEzøgsnÞrkzasaZarN; nigGñk
éqñRbDit. Kat´RtUv:neKcgcaMcMeBaHkarpþl´viPaKTanrbs´Kat´Epñk
viTüasaRsþ nigGkSrsaRsþ ehIysMrab´kareZVIoRbesIreLIgnUvsæan
PaBrs´enArbs´CnCatiGabUrICInI.
Edith Cowan (1861-1932)
Edith Cowan CaPñak´garsg<mkic© Gñkneya:y nigGñkKaMRTRsþI.
Kat´CaRsþITImYy EdlRtUv:neKeRCIstaMgsMrab´rdðsPaGURsþalI.
Sir John Monash (1865-1931)
elak John Monash CavisVkr Gñkrdð:l nigCaembJ¢akarkg
T&BxøaMgBUEkmñak´rbs´RbeTsGURsþalI. elak:nRtUveKcgcaMcMeBaH
kardwknaM PaBévqøat nigevaharbs´elak.
Dame Nellie Melba (1861-1931)
Dame Nellie Melba CaGñkceRm[gsemøgqµarl|Il|ajmñak´kñúg
BiPBelak. Kat´RtUv:neKs<al´CMuvijBiPBelakzaCa
´esþcRsIénceRm[g ´ Kat´CaGñkceRm[gGURsþalITImYyEdlman
kitþinamGnþrCati.
PaBCaBlrdðGURsþalI; cMNgrYmrbs´eyIg50
ézábuNüCati nigkarGbGrsaTrézábuNüCatiénRbeTsGURsþalIqøúHbBa©aMgnUvek¼dMENlyUda-RKIsÞ ehIyGbGrsaTrcMeBaHRBwtþikarN¾sMxan´>EdleZVIorIkcMerIndl´GtþsJ¦aN
GURsþalI cab´taMgBIkartaMglMenAdðanénCnCatiGWru¨bmk.
láacézá:j´kaMRCYcmunézácUlqñaMzµIelIkMBg´EpsuIdnIy (Sydney Harbour) qñaM 2005
kalbriecätEdl:nkMNt´Tuk
ézácUlqñaMzµI ézáTI 1 Exmkra eyIgGbGrsaTreBlcab´epþImqñaMzµI.
ézábuNüCatiGURsþalI (Australia Day) ézáTI 26 ExmkraeyIgGbGrsaTrcMeBaHGVIEdlmann&yzaCaCnCatiGURsþalI ehIycg
caMcMeBaHkarmkdl´énkgnavaTImYyenAqksmuRTsuIdnIy qñaM 1788.
ézábuNü Anzac (Anzac Day) TI 25 ExemsaeyIgcgcaMGMBIkareLIgeKakénkgT&BGURsþalI nigjÚveh)SLwn
(ANZAC) enAÉ Gallipoli kñúgsRg<amelakelIkTImYy. eyIg
k*elIkkitþiysdl´CnCatiGURsþalIRKb´rUbpgEdr EdlBYkeK:nbMerI
nigsøab´enAkñúgCemøaHenaH.
ézábuNüNUEGl/ézábuNüRKIsÞma¨s/ézábuNüRBHeysU)vRbsUt
(Christmas Day) ézáTI 25 ExZñÚ ézápþl´GMeNayTan eyageTAtamBiZIbuNürbs´RKIsÞsasnikenAézá
EdlRBHeys)UvRbsURt.
ézáebIkkBa©b´GMeNay (Boxing Day) ézáTI 26 ExZñÚ
CaEpñkénBiZIbuNüRKIsÞma¨s/buNüNUEGl.
ézáExEdlGacERbRbYl
ézábuNükargar (Labour Day) ßézábuNüeZVIkar 8 ema¨gkñúgmYyézá
GbGrsaTrcMeBaHC&yCMnHénézáeZVIkar 8 ema¨gkñúgmYyézárbs´GñkeZVIkar
GURsþalI - CaelIkTImYykñúgBiPBelak.
ézábuNüRBHeys)UvsuKt/ézábuNüGIuesÞIr (Easter)rMlwkézábuNüRbvtþier]grbs´´RKIsÞsasnik EdlrMlwkGMBIézásuKt
nigézáEdlRBHeys)UvmanRBHCnµrs´eLIgvij.
ézákMeNItRBHmhakSRtiyanI
GbGrsaTrézákMeNItrbs´RbmuxrdðGURsþalI RBHmhakSRtiyanI
Queen Elizabeth II. BiZIGbGrsaTrenH eZVIeLIgenAézác&nÞTIBIr
kñúgExmizunaenARKb´rdð nigEdndI elIkElgEtrdðGURsþalIxaglic.
ézábuNüsaZarN;déTeT[tézábuNüsaZarN;déTeT[tRtUv:neZVIeLIgenAtamrdð EdndI nigTI
RkugepSg>Kña. óTahrN¾ EdndIraCZanImanézábuNü EXneb)Ira¨
rdðGURsþalIxagt|ÚgmanézábuNüGñksµ&RKcitþ (Volunteers Day)
nigrdðGURsþalIxaglicmanézábuNü Foundation Day.
EpñkTI 4 - RbeTsGURsþalIkñúgeBlbc©úb|nñenH 51
RbCaCnGURsþalI
RbeTsGURsþalImanRbCaCnRbEhl22lannak´ ehIyCasg<mmYy
EdlmanPaBepSg>KñaeRcInCageKkñúgBiPBelak. CnCatiedImGURsþa
lIman 2.5 PaKryénRbCaCnTaMgGs´. CagmYyPaKbYnénGñkrs´enA
kñúgRbeTsGURsþalIekItenAeRkARbeTs ehIy:neZVIGenþaRbevsn¾mk
BIbNþaRbeTsCag 200. PaBepSg>KñaénRbCaCn eZVIoRbeTs
GURsþalIsm|ÚreTAedayPasa CMen] RbéBNI nigvb|Zm(epSg>Kña.
cMNgpøÚvkarrvagRbeTsGURsþalICamYynwgRbeTsGg´eKøs:ncuHzy
CayUrmk k*b¨uEnþ«TÆiBlrbs´RbeTsGg´eKøsenArs´kñúgsæab&nGURsþalI
enAeLIy. vak*rs´enAkñúgtémøsIlZm(CaeRcInrbs´eyIg ehIyCaR:
kdKWenAkñúgPasaCatirbs´eyIg. eTaHbICaeKniyayPasa 200 xusKña
enAtampÞH nigkñúgshKmn¾kþI ‘rab´bJ©ÚlTaMgPasaCnCatiedImxus>
KñaCaeRcIneT[t’ PasaGg´eKøsenAEtCacMENksMxan´énGtþsJ¦aN
Catirbs´eyIg.
esdÆkic©énRbeTsGURsþalI
RbeTsGURsþalImanesdÆkic©nwgnr ehIymanlk¡N;RbkYtRbECg.
eyIgotémødl´kmøaMgBlkmµd¾rs´revIk nigmuxCMnajrbs´eyIg.
KuNPaBénCIvitEdlRbCaCnkñúgRbeTsGURsþalIsb|ayrIkray KWCa
KuNPaBmYykñúgcMeNamKuNPaBx¬s´CageKkñúgBiPBelak.
Dick Smith ‘ekItenAqñaM 1944’
elak Dick Smith KWCaGñkCMnYjnaMmuxCatiGURsþalI GñkpSgeRBg
nigGñkRsLaj´mnusSCati.
elak Dick Smith rk:n
RTBüsm|tþielIkdMbUgkñúgmuxCM
nYjEpñkeGLicRtUnikrbs´Kat´.
Kat´:neRbIRTBüsm|tþirbs´Kat´
edIm|IoRbeTsGURsþalI:nrIk
cMerIneTAmux. Kat´:ncab´epþIm
beg,ItRkumh)unGaharrbs´RbeTs
GURsþalIEtb¨ueNÑaH ehIy:neZVI
vinieyaKrab´landuløaedIm|ICYy
rkSaoRkumh)unenAEtCarbs´
RbeTsGURsþalI.
Kat´RtUv:neKoeQµaHzaCaCnCatiGURsþalIRbcaMqñaM 1986 ehIy:n
QñHC&ylaPIcMeBaHkareC]nel]nEpñkbec©keTs nigkarEzrkSa
bridðan. Kat´CamnusSTImYyEdl:neZVIdMeNIrqøgkat´RbeTsGURsþalI
nigsmuRT Tasman edayeb¨ge:¨gehaHedayeRbIkmøaMgxül´
ekþA. Kat´RtUv:neKs<al´edaysarsµartIpSgeRBgrbs´Kat´ eCaK
C&yrbs´Kat´kñúgmuxCMnYj nigesckþIRsLaj´d¾RCaleRCArbs´Kat´
cMeBaHRbeTsGURsþalI.
TIpSar
sæab&nhirJ¦vtæúTan´sm&y nigmanesærPaB nigPaBtwgrwugxagBnÆdar
nigc|ab´eZVIBaNiC¢kmµ pþl´PaBR:kdRbCadl´skmµPaBCMnYj.
kic©bMerIósSahkmµrab´bJ©ÚlTaMgEpñkeTscrN¾ karGb´rM nigkic©bMerI
EpñkhirJ¦vtæú beg,It:nRbEhlCa 70 PaKryénplTunkñúgRsuk
srub (GDP) rbs´RbeTsGURsþalI.
esærPaBrbs´esdðkic©GURsþalIeZVIoeTACaTIedAKYrocab´GarmµN¾sMrab´
karvinieyaK. TIpSarPaKh)unGURsþalIKWZMCageKTIBIrenAkñúgPUmPaK
GasuI:¨suIhVIk bnÞab´BIRbeTsCb¨un.
BaNiC¢kmµ
édKUBaNiC¢kmµZMCageKrbs´RbeTsGURsþalIKWRbeTsCb¨un RbeTscin
shrdðGaemrik kUer¨xagt|Úg jÚveh)SLwn nigcRkPBGg´eKøs. eyIg
CaGñknaMecjcMbgxagEpñkRsUvsalI eramec[m Er¨Edk sarZatuxniC
nigmas. eyIgk*naMecjpgEdr nUvzamBlEdlmanTMrg´Caósµ&n
ravZmµCati nigZüÚgzµ. esdÆkic©rbs´eyIg:nebIkcMh ehIyBaNiC¢
kmµEtgEtCacMENksMxan´kñúgkarlUtlas´énesdÆkic©rbs´eyIgrhUt
mk. karnaMecjrbs´RbeTsGURsþalIkñúgeBlzµI>enH manTaMgGs´
eRcInCag 200 Ban´landuløakñúgmYyqñaM.
karCIkykEr¨
RbeTsGURsþalIsm|ÚreTAedayZnZanZmµCatidUcCaZüÚgzµ Tg´Edg
ósµ&nravZmµCati nigxSac´xniC. vtæúTaMgenHmanesckþIRtUvkarx¬s´
CaBiessenAkñúgRbeTsEdlmanesdÆkic©Gn´zyenAtMbn´GasuI.
vis&ynaMecjZMCageKrbs´RbeTsGURsþalIKWsarZatuxniC nig«nÆn;
PaBCaBlrdðGURsþalI; cMNgrYmrbs´eyIg52
RbeTsGURsþalICaBlrdðBiPBelakRbeTsGURsþalImanemaTn;PaBcMeBaHmuxgarrbs´xøÜn EdlCaBlrdð
GnþrCatid¾lÁ. eyIgbgØajkic©karenHedaykarCYymnusSEdlman
P&BVsMNagticCagxøÜneyIg enACMuvijBiPBelak.
CMnYyGnþrCati nigkarRbwgERbgEpñk mnusSZm(rbs´RbeTsGURsþalI
kmµviZICMnYyGnþrCatirbs´rdðaPi:lGURsþalI :nCYyp<t´p<g´dl´Rb
eTsGn´exSayedIm|Ikat´bnæyPaBRkIRk nigeZVIoseRmckarGPivD¿n¾
yUrGEgVg. eyIgpþl´karCYyp<t´p<g´enHenAkñúgPUmiPaKrbs´eyIg nig
CMuvijBiPBelakedaykarCYyRbCaCn nigrdðaPi:lnana.
RbeTsGURsþalI:nbgØajnUvkic©sb|úrsZm(d¾sem|Im eBlmaneRKaH
mhnþrayekIteLIgkñúgRbeTsrbs´eyIg ßenAeRkARbeTs. eyIgk*
:npþl´GMeNayCaeT[gTat´pgEdr dl´bNþaRbeTsEdlkMBugbnþ
CYbRbTHnwgkarrgTuk¡. karRbwgERbgrbs´RbeTsGURsþalIcMeBaHkmµviZI
CMnYyrbs´eyIg bgØajoeXIjnUvlk¡N;Biesséncrikrbs´CnCati
GURsþalI.
evC¢bNiÐt Catherine Hamlin AC ‘ekItenAqñaM 1924’
evC¢bNiÐt Catherine
Hamlin CaRKUeBTüBüa:leraK
RsþImaneQµaHl|Il|ajedaysar
karCYyseRg<aHRsþIekµg>Cati
eGtüÚBI (Ethiopian) oputBIkar
QWcab´kñúgCIvit.
cab´taMgBIqñaM 1959 evC¢bNiÐt
Catherine Hamlin :neZVI
karenATIRkug Addis Ababa
kñúgRbeTs Ethiopia edIm|ICYyRsþIEdlmanrbYskñúgkarsRmal
kUnEdleKs<al´zaCa ´rbYseRK]gkñúgedaykarsRmalkUn ´. RsþI
EdlmanbJØaenH minGacRKb´RKgdMeNIrkarkñúgragkayrbs´eK:n
eT ehIyRtUveKkat´pþat´ecjBIsg<m.
evC¢bNiÐt Catherine nigsVamIrbs´Kat´:nbeg,ItmnÞIreBTü
Addis Ababa Fistula. karRbwgERbgrbs´eKTaMgBIr naMoRsþIrab´
Ban´nak´GacRtLb´mkpÞHvij:nedIm|IRbkbCIvitrs´enAmansuxPaB
eBjlk¡N;kñúgPUmirbs´eK.
enAqñaM 1995 evC¢bNiÐt Catherine Hamlin :nTTYlemday
´Companion of the Order of Australia´ EdlCaC&ylaPI
GURsþalIx¬s´CageK. Kat´:nbnþeZVIkarsMrab´RsþIeGtüÚBIteTAeT[t.
RbtibtþikarGURsþalICYysRmalTuk¡enAkñúgRbeTs«NÐÚensIu eRkayeBl
rlkmhasmuRT«NÐa qñaM 2004
karcUlrYmya¨gskmµrbs´RbeTsGURsþalIenA kñúgkic©RbCMuGnþrCati
RbeTsGURsþalICasmaCikskmµénGg<karshRbCaCati (UN) cab´
taMgBIkarcab´epþImrbs´xøÜnkñúgqñaM 1945 mk. enAeRkamGnusJ¦aCn
eP[sxøÜn qñaM 1951 rbs´Gg<karshRbCaCati RbeTsGURsþalIpþl´
karkarBarcMeBaHGñkEdlRtUv:ns<al´za CaCneP[sxøÜnenAeRkamGnu
sJ¦aCneP[sxøÜn qñaM 1951 rbs´Gg<karshRbCaCati. eyIgk*:n
pþl´viPaKTancMeBaHkarRbwgERbgrkSasnþiPaBkic©karmnusSZm(rbs´Gg<
karshRbCaCati nigkareqøIytbeTAnwgPaBGasnñkñúgRbeTsGn´zy
ehIymankarcUlrYmya¨gxøaMgkñúgGg<karGb´rM viTüasaRsþ
nigvb|Zm(rbs´Gg<karshRbCaCati.
enAqñaM 1971 RbeTsGURsþalIkøayCasmaCikeBjsiTÆénGg<karsh
RbtibtþikaresdÆkic© nigGPivD¿n¾ (OECD). OECD maneKaledA
eZVIosæanPaBesdÆkic© sg<mkic© nigkargar:nRbesIreLIgenAkñúg
bNþaRbeTsCasmaCikrbs´xøÜncMnYn30 nigkñúgbNþaRbeTsGn´
zydéTeT[t. kñúgeBlCamYyKñaenaHpgEdr OECD maneKaledA
BRgIkBaNiC¢kmµBiPBelak.
RbeTsGURsþalICYyRTRTg´ya¨gxøaMgcMeBaHshRbtibtþikarCitsñiTÆkñúg
PUmiPaKGasIu-:¨suIhVik. RbeTsGURsþalICasmaCikskmµénsh
RbtibtiþkaresdÆkic©tMbn´GasuI-:¨suIhVik (APEC), kic©RbCMukMBUltMbn´
GasIuxagekIt (EAS), kic©RbCMuPUmiPaK rbs´smaKménRbeTsGasuI
PaKGaeKñy¾ (ARF) ehIynigkic©RbCMubNþaekaH:¨sIuhVik (PIF).
RbeTsGURsþalIbc©úb|nñenH CaRbeTsZMlVwgelVIy niglUtduHdal
EdlmanemaTnPaBcMeBaHkarseRmceCaKC&yelIEpñkkILa sil|;
nigviTüasaRsþ. eyIgotémøcMeBaHKuNPaBénCIvitrbs´RbCaCneyIg
k*b¨uEnþeyIgEtgb¨gR:zñao:nx¬s´CagenHeT[t.
tamry;CMnYyGnþrCati nigkarGPivD¿n¾ RbeTsGURsþalI:ntaMg
sµartInUvkarelg:nRtwmRtUv elIsBIenAelIqakkILa nigcUleTA
kñúgshKmn¾BiPBelak.
EpñkTI 4 - RbeTsGURsþalIkñúgeBlbc©úb|nñenH 53
C&ylaPINUEb)lrbs´CnCatiGURsþalI
RbeTsGURsþalImaneQµaHl|Il|ajcMeBaHkarRsavRCavEpñkviTüasaRsþ nigevC¢saRsþ. CnCatiGURsþalI10nak´:nTTYlC&ylaPINUEb)l
kñúgvis&yTaMgenH.
saRsþacarü William Bragg (1862-1942) nig Lawrence Bragg (1890-1971) GñkrUbviTüa.William Bragg ‘ÓBuk’ nig Lawrence Bragg ‘kUnRbus’ CaGñkTTYlC&ylaPIrYmKñaénrgVan´NUEb)lrUbviTüa qñaM 1915
´cMeBaHkic©bMerIrbs´Kat´TaMgBIr kñúgkareZVIviPaKTRmg´zµRKIsþal´edayeRbIkaMrsµIGikS ´´.
elak Howard Walter Florey (1898-1968) GñkeraKsaRsþ.ekItenARkugGaeDIELd rdðGURsþalIxagt|Úg Howard Florey :nTTYlrgVan´NUEb)lEpñksrIr;viTüa ßevC¢saRsþ qñaM 1945 ‘rYmKñáa’
´cMeBaHkarrkeXIjzñaMeb¨nIsIulIn nig«TÆiBlBüa:lrbs´zñaMenHeTAelICmáWqøgepSgÉeT[t.
elak Frank Macfarlane Burnet (1899-1985) GñkviTüasaRsþEpñkevC¢saRsþ nigGñkCIvsaRsþ. ekItenArdðvictUrIya¨ Frank Burnet :nTTYlrgVan´NUEb)lEpñksrIr;viTüa ßevC¢saRsþ qñaM 1960 ‘rYmKña’
´cMeBaHkarrkeXIjkarmanRbB&nÆsauMnwgeraK EdlminRbqaMgnwgGtisuxumR:N ´.
elak John Carew Eccles (1903-1997) GñksrIr;viTU.John Eccles ekItenARkugEm¨lb)n CaGñkTTYlC&ylaPIrgVan´NUEb)lEpñksrIr;viTüa ßevC¢saRsþ qñaM 1963 ‘rYmKña’
´cMeBaHkarrkeXIjynþkarénGIuyu¨gTak´TinnwgkarrMePIb nigkarrYjraenACMuvij nigenAEpñkkNþalénPñasekasikasrésRbsaT ´.
saRsþacarü John Warcup Cornforth (1917-2007) GñkKImIviTU.John Cornforth ekItenARkugsuIdnIy ehIy:nTTYlrgVan´NUEb)lEpñkKImIenAqñaM 1975 ‘rYmKña’
´cMeBaHkic©karrbs´Kat´GMBIRbtikmµKImIesþerGU EdlmanGg´sIumCakatalIk ´.
saRsþacarü Peter Doherty (ekItenAqñaM 1940) GñkviTUxagPaBsauMnwgeraK.Peter Doherty ekItenAXVInEsøn ehIy:nTTYlrgVan´NUEb)lEpñksrIr;viTüa ßevC¢saRsþ qñaM 1996 ‘rYmKña’
´cMeBaHkarrkeXIjPaBBiessénekasika sMrYlkarkarBarPaBsauMnwgeraK ´.
saRsþacarü Barry Marshall (ekItenAqñaM 1951) RKUeBTüEpñkrlakRkBH-eBaHev[n nigevC¢bNÐit Robin Warren (ekItenAqñaM 1937) eraKviTU.Barry Marshall nig Robin Warren CaGñkTTYlrgVan´NUEb)lrYmKñaEpñksrIr;viTüa ßevC¢saRsþ qñaM 2005
´cMeBaHkarrkeXIjrbs´eKTaMgBIrGMBI ´:k´etrI Helicobacter pylori nigmuxgarrbs´vakñúgCmáWrlakRkBH nigCmáWdMe¶RkBH ´.
saRsþacarü Elizabeth Helen Blackburn (ekItenAqñaM 1948) GñkCIvsaRsþ.Elizabeth Blackburn ekItenATIRkug Hobart ehIy:nTTYlrgVan´NUEb)lEpñksrIr;viTüa ßevC¢saRsþ qñaM 2009 ‘rYmKña’
´cMeBaHkarrkeXIjénEbbya¨gNaEdlRkUm¨UhSÚmRtUv:nkarBareday telomeres nigGg´hSIúm telomerase ´.
RbeTsGURsþalIk*manGñkTTYlrgVan´NUEb)lGkSrsaRsþpgEdr.
Patrick White (1912-1990) GñkniBnÆer]gRbelamelak niger]gel¡an.ekItenATIRkugLúgdug manÓBukmþayCnCatiGURsþalI Patrick White :nTTYlC&ylaPIrgVan´NUEb)lGkSrsaRsþ qñaM 1973
´cMeBaHsil|;bTkaBü nigniTaner]gEpñkcitþsaRsþEdlbgØajTVIbzµIo:ns<al´nUvGkSrsaRsþ ´.
PaBCaBlrdðGURsþalI; cMNgrYmrbs´eyIg54
EpñkTI 5
RbvtþiCnCatiGURsþalIrbs´eyIg
vb|Zm(CnCatiedImGURsþalI
KWCavb|Zm(EdlbnþTukmkmancMNas´CageKkñúgBiPBelak.
EpñkTI 5 - RbvtþiénCnCatiGURsþalIrbs´eyIg 55
sac´er]gRbeTsGURsþalIrbs´eyIger]gseg¡bénRbeTsGURsþalIenH BMuEmnCasac´er]gTaMgmUleT k*b¨uEnþ
vapþl´oelakGñkTukCaKMnitGMBIRBitþikarN¾EdleZVIoRbeTs nigvb|
Zm(rbs´eyIg:nrIkcMerIn. eRcInBan´qñaMmkehIyTwkdIenHRtUv:nrs´
enA nigEzrkSaedayCnCatiedIm. karmkdl´énkgnavaTImYyenAqñaM
1788 eZVIoBiPBrbs´eK:npøas´bþÚrrhUt. Cag 200 qñaMknøgmk
RbeTsGURsþalI:ner[nsURtCaeRcIn emer[nGMBIsmPaB nigsiTÆi
mnusStamKnøgpøÚvrbs´xøÜneq¬aHeTAkan´Bhuvb|Zm(niym nigkarpSH
pSaKña. karEkTRmg´EdleyIg:neZVI mann&yzashKmn¾GURsþalI
EdlelakGñk:ncUlrYmkñúgeBlenH KWCashKmn¾mYyEdlCn
RKb´rUbmanGarmµN¾zaxøÜnRtUv:neKrab´rk ehIymantémø.
CnCatiedImGURsþalI
vb|Zm(CnCatiedImGURsþalI KWCavb|Zm(EdlbnþTukmkmancMNas´
CageKkñúgBiPBelak. CnCatiedImGURsþalI:nrs´enATIenHrvagBI
40000 eTA 60000 qñaMmkehIy.
vb|Zm(rbs´CnCatiGabUrICInI nigvb|Zm(rbs´Gñkrs´enAelIekaH Torres
Strait xusBIKña. eKmanPasa nigRbéBNIrbs´xøÜneKpÞal´.
tamRbvtþisaRsþ CnCatiGabUrICInImkBIRbeTsGURsþalIdIeKak nigrdð
zasemnIja¨. Gñkrs´enAelIekaH Torres Strait mkBIekaHenA
cenøaHcugkat´mat´jkrdðXVInEsøn nig:¨BYjÚKIØen[. Gñkrs´enAekaH
Torres Strait manPaBdUcKñaCaeRcInEpñkxagvb|Zm( eTAnwgBYk
:¨BYjÚKØIen[ nigGñkrs´enAelIekaHdéTeT[tenAtMbn´:¨suIhVik.
Pasa
enAmunkartaMglMenAdðanedayBYkGg´eKøsmaneRcInPasa nigRKam
PasaCag 700 RtUv:neRbIedayRbCaCnGabUrICInI nigGñkrs´enAelI
ekaH Torres Strait. RbmaNCa 145 PasaenAEteKeRbIkñúgeBl
bc©úb|nñenH. BMumanPasasresreT. RbvtþisaRsþtamBaküsMdIén
vb|Zm(GabUrICInImansar;sMxan´éRkElg edayeRBaHeKR:b´odwger]g
rbs´RbCaCn nigTwkdI. óTahrN¾ dUcCaer]gEdlBnül´R:b´BI
karCn´licTwkenAqksmuRT Port Phillip Bay kñúgrdðvictUrIya¨
sMedAeTARBitþikarN¾BitR:kdEdl:nekIteLIgkalBI 10000 qñaMmk
ehIy.
esckþIR:zña (Dreaming)
nigsil|;CnCatiedIm
RkumCnCatiedIm EdlxusKñamaneQµaHrbs´eKpÞal´ cMeBaHGVIEdl
eyIgCaPasaGg´eKøsehAza ‘Dreaming’. Dreaming ß
Dreamtime KWCaRbB&nÆénkaryl´dwg TMnukcitþ nigkarGnuvtþn¾
EdldwknaMCIvitCnCatiedIm. eKbgØajomnusSdwgzaetIeKKYrrs´enA
ya¨gdUcemþc nigetIeKKYrRbRBwtþya¨gdUcemþc. mnusSEdlmineKarB
tamvin&yrbs´eKRtUvTTYlTNÐkmµ.
sac´er]gén Dreaming RtUv:nniTanR:b´dl´kUnekµgedayma
tabita nigbg>rbs´eK. er]gTaMgenHbgØat´okUnekµgdwgzaetITwkdI
rbs´eK:nrIkcMerIn nigmanmnusSrs´enAya¨gdUcemþc ehIyzaetIeK
RtUvRbRBwtþdUcemþc nigehtuGVI. er]gTaMgenHk*pþl´okUnekµgnUvemer[n
Gnuvtþn¾d¾mantémøpgEdr óTahrN¾ kEnøgrkmØÚbGahar.
tRnþICnCatiedIm ceRm[g nigr:MR:b´odwger]gBI Dreaming
nigCIvitRbcaMézá. eBlNaRbCaCnedImeRc[g nigraMeKmanGarmµN¾
ya¨gRCaleRCAP¢ab´eTAnwgbuBVbursrbs´eK.
TRmg´edIménsil|;CnCatiGabUrICInIKWCazµcmøak´ ßKMnUrpat´BN(
nigkarKUsvaselIdI. vtæúTaMgenHxøHmanGayu 30000 qñaM. RbCaCn
mkBIGURsþalIkNþal pat´BN(edayeRbIcMNuc nigrgVg´CatMNag
oTwkdI ßsac´er]gmkGMBI Dreaming. GñkenAEb¨kxageCIgRbeTs
GURsþalIKUrpat´BN(rUbmnusS stV nigRBlwgviJ¦aN.
Dreaming enAbnþCaPaBsMxan´cMeBaHCnCatiedImrhUtdl´
bc©úb|nñenH.
sil|;GabUrICInI kakaDU (Kakadu)
PaBCaBlrdðGURsþalI; cMNgrYmrbs´eyIg56
CnCatiGuWrubTImYymkkan´RbeTsGURsþalI
karrukrkelIkdMbUgrbs´CnCatiGWru¨b
enAstvtSr¾TI 17 GñkrukrkCatiGWr¨ub:nrkeXIjEpñkEdleKehAza
‘Terra Australis Incognita’ TwkdIEdleKBMus<al´enAtMbn´xag
t|Úg. enAqñaM 1606 bursCatihULg´ Willem Janszoon KUs
EpnTIEpñkxaglicéntMbn´lycUlsmuRT Cape York Peninsula
enAÉcugkat´mat´jktMbn´xageCIgRbeTsGURsþalI. enAeBlenaH
Luis Vaez de Torres CiHTUkekþagmkBIRbeTseGs|¨aj¨úl cUlrhUt
dl´RcksmuRTxageCIgTVIb.
eRkaymkenARKaqñaM 1600 navikhULg´:nrukrkeqñrsmuRTenArdðGURsþa
lIxaglic. CnCatihULg´ehATwkdIenHza ´RbeTshULg´zµI ´.
kñúgqñaM 1642 Abel Tasman rkeXIjeqñrsmuRTénTwkdIzµIEdlKat´
oeQµaHza ‘Van Diemen’s Land’ ‘«LÚvenHKWrdðzasemnIja¨’.
Kat´k*:nKUsEpnTIeqñrsmuRTGURsþalIRbEvgrab´Ban´KILÚEm¨RtpgEdr.
EpnTIKUsminTan´ehIyénRbeTshULg´zµIrbs´Kat´ bgØajzaKat´eC]
Cak´zaTwkdICab´nwg:¨BYjÚh<Ien[xageCIg.
William Dampier CabursCatiGg´eKøsTImYyEdl:ndak´eCIg
elIdIGURsþalI. enAqñaM 1684 Kat´eLIgeKakenAeqñrTisBay&Bü.
dIsáÜt nighuy dUecñHKat´KitzavaminmanRbeyaCn¾sMrab´BaNiC¢kmµ
ßkartaMglMenAdðaneT.
naynava James Cook
eqñrsmuRTxagekItRbeTsGURsþalI BMu:nrukrkedayCnCatiGWru¨beLIy
rhUtdl´bursCatiGg´eKøsnaynava James Cook :nmkdl´
enAqñaM 1770 edaysMeBArbs´Kat´ ‘Endeavour’. elak
Cook RtUv:nrdðaPi:lGg´eKøsbJ¢ÚnkñúgdMeNIrénkarrkeXIjén
tMbn´:¨suIhVikxagt|Úg. Kat´:nKUsEpnTIeqñrxagekIt ehIyeLIg
eKakenAqksmuRT Botany Bay enAxagt|ÚgRkugsuIdnIysm&yzµI.
elak James Cook ehATwkdIenHza ´jÚvesAEvl ´ehIyRbkas
zaCaTwkdIrbs´esþc King George III.
kardwkCJ¢ÚnGñkeTas
GURsþalICaRbeTscEmøkEtmYyKt´ EdlGñktaMglMenAdðanCatiGuWru¨b
TImYyrbs´xøÜnPaKeRcInKWCaGñkeTas. eRkayeBlshrdðGaemrik
:nÉkraCümk RbeTsGg´eKøsElgGacbJ¢ÚnGñkeTaseTATIenaH:n
eT[tehIy. BnÆnaKarGg´eKøskøayeTACaENnNan´tan´tab´xøaMg.
enAeBlcMnYnGñkeTasekIncMnYneRcInhYs rdðaPi:lGg´eKøsRtUvkar
rkkEnøgzµIsMrab´BYkeK. enAqñaM 1786 RbeTsGg´eKøssMercbJ¢ÚnGñk
eTasmkkan´GaNaniKmzµIénjÚvesAEvl. enHehAza ´kardwkCJ¢Ún ´.
GaNaniKmelIkTImYy
eTsaPi:lTImYyénGaNaniKmjÚvesAEvlKWnaynava Arthur
Phillip. elaknaMkgnavaTImYymancMnYn 11 sMeBABIRbeTsGg´eKøs
mkkan´Epñkm¡ageT[ténBiPBelakRbkbedaysuvtæiPaB. elak:n
ykcitþTukdak´emIlEzCaxøaMgcMeBaHkarpþl´cMNIGahar nigsuxmal
PaBrbs´GñkeTas ehIymancMnYnmnusSsøab´kñúgkareZVIdMeNItictYc
b¨ueNÑaH.
naynava Phillip dwknaMkgnavaTImYycUlmkqksmuRTsuIdnIyenA
ézáTI 26 Exmkra qñaM1788. KWCaTivaxYbénézáenH ÉgEdleyIgGb
GrsaTrézábuNüCatiGURsþalIer[gral´qñaM.
EpnTIénRbeTshULg´zµIrbs´ Abel Tasman qñaM1644
kgnavaTImYyecjdMeNIrBIRbeTsGg´eKøs mkdl´qksmuRTsuIdnIyenAqñaM 1788
qñaMdMbUg
qñaMdMbUgénkartaMglMenAdðanmankarBi:kCaxøaMg. eTsaPi:l
Phillip :neZVIoR:kdzamnusSminRtUvdac´eBaHsøab´ edayEcko
mnusSRKb´rUbnUvrbbdUc>Kña rab´bJ©ÚlTaMgxøÜnelak nigPñak´gar
rbs´elakpgEdr. KMnitsmrmü nigkarebþC\acitþrbs´elak:nCYy
oGaNaniKmGacmanCIvitrs´rankñúgqñaMTImYyd¾EsnlM:k.
kic©karBi:kénkartaMglMenAdðandMbUg RtUv:neZVIeLIgedaykarbg¡M
GñkeTasobeJ©jBlkmµ. eKRtUvvaynwgrMBat´ RbsinebIeKBMuRbwg
ERbgeZVIkar ßRbsinebIeKrt´eKc ßpwkRsaRsvwg. RbsinebIeKRbRBwtþ
bTóRkidð eKRtUvbJ¢ÚnotaMglMenAdðanenATICnbTdac´Rsyal
ßRtUvBüÜrk. GñkeTasEdl:nCab´eTasdl´kMNt´eBl køayCa
burs nigRsþImanesrIPaB ehIycUleTArs´enAkñúgshKmn¾edIm|IeZVI
kar nigciJ©wmRKYsar.
EpñkTI 5 - RbvtþiénCnCatiGURsþalIrbs´eyIg 57
OkaszµI
RbCaCnGWru¨belIkdMbUgrbs´RbeTsGURsþalI rYmpSMeLIgedayCnCati
Gg´eKøs s,útTIs (Scottish), evls¾ (Welsh) nigeG[rLg´
(Irish). CnCatis,útTIs evls¾ nigeG[rLg´ Zøab´:neZVIsRg<amCa
jwkjab´CamYyCnCatiGg´eKøskalBIGtItkal k*b¨uEnþenARbeTs
GURsþalIRkumTaMgbYnenHrs´enA ehIyeZVIkarCamYyKñaya¨gCitsñiTÆ.
TaMgGñkeTas nigGtItGñkeTascab´epþImrk:nOkaszµIenAkñúgGaNa
niKm. nayTahaneRbIeBlevlarbs´eKedIm|IrkR:k´ edayeZVI
BaNiC¢kmµ ehIyeRbIGñkeTas nigGtItGñkeTasoCYyBYkeK. min
yUrbu¨nµan GtItGñkeTasxøH:ner[bcMCamuxCMnYjedayxøÜneKpÞal´
CaGñklk´dUr. GtItGñkeTasxøHeT[tbuinRbsb´CaGñkcMkar BaNiC¢kr
m©as´hag nigm©as´et[m. GtItRsþIGñkeTask*mankarbuinRbsb´kñúg
muxCMnYj ehIyrIkraycMeBaHesrIPaBtamEbbeRcInya¨g CagRsþIenA
RbeTsGg´eKøseTAeT[t.
Caroline Chisholm ‘1808-1877’Caroline Chisholm CaGñk
EkTRmg´sg<mnaMmux EdleZVIo
RbesIrdl´sæanPaBRsþIenAlIv
kñúgGaNaniKmRKadMbUg.
Caroline mkrsenAkñúgRbeTs
GURsþalICamYynayTahanCabþI
rbs´Kat´ nigkUnR:Mnak´kñúg
qñaM 1838. Kat´:nCYynarI
GenþaRbevsn¾Edlrs´enAtam
ceJ©Imzñl´suIdnIy.kñúgry;eBl
2-3 qñaM Kat´:ner[bcMpÞH
sMNak´sMrab´narIGenþaRbevsn¾
cMnYn 16 enACMuvijGaNaniKm.
Caroline xitxMRbwgeZVIkaredIm|IeZVIoCIvitmnusSenAelIsMeBAeZVIdMeNIr
mkGaNaniKm:nlÁRbesIreLIg. Kat´k*:nsRmYlnUvEpnkarx©IR:k´
sMrab´´GñkRketakya¨k edIm|IbMEbkdMeNIrvilcuHeLIgénkarBwgBak´Ga
Rs&yelIeK nigPaBRkIRk.
bc©úb|nñenH mansalaer[nCaeRcInenAkñúgRbeTsGURsþalI:ndak´
eQµaHtam Caroline Chisholm. Kat´RtUv:neKs<al´zaCa
´mitþrbs´CnGenþaRbevsn¾ ´ ehIyRtUv:neKcgcaMcMeBaHkarRbwgERbg
BMuxøacen]yht´edIm|ICYymnusSocab´epþImCIvitzµI.
eTsaPi:ld¾PøWsVag
eZVIkarrYmKñaCamYynwgeTsaPi:l Phillip KWeTsaPi:l Lachlan
Macquarie manfan;ya¨gsMxan´kñúgRbvtþisaRsþdMbUgrbs´eyIg.
elakdwknaMGaNaniKmjÚvesAEvlenAcenøaHqñaM 1810 nig 1821.
elakbeg,ItGaNaniKmtamreb[btaMglMenAdðanedayesrI Edlmin
EmnCaGaNaniKmGñkCab´eTaseLIy. elak:neZVIoRbesIreLIgnUv
karGnuvtþn¾EpñkeZVIERscMkar nigksagpøÚvzñl´ nigTIkEnøgsaZarN;
zµI>. elak:nelIkTwkcitþomankarrukrkénRbeTsGURsþalI.
elak Macquarie :ndak´R:k´eTAkñúgEpñkGb´rM ehIyeKarBsiTÆi
rbs´GñkeTasCMnan´mun. elak:npþl´kargareTAoGñkeTasxøHoeZVI
CaecARkm nigCaGñkbMerIkic©karsaZarN;. elakeTsaPi:l.
eTsaPi:l Macquarie :nTTYlkitþiyskñúgRbvtþisaRsþcMeBaHkar
EkERbCaviC¢manEdlelak:neZVIoekItmandl´GaNaniKm. sakl
viTüal&y Macquarie enArdðjÚvesAEvlRtUv:ndak´eQµaHtam
elak.
ek¼dMENlGñkeTasrbs´eyIg
enAeRkayGaNtþirbs´elak Macquarie eK:nKitzafan;rbs´
eTsaPi:lmanGMNacZMeZgeBkcMeBaHmnusSmñak´ ehtudUecñHenA
qñaM 1823 RkumRbwkSanItib|J¦tþirdðjÚvesAEvl:nbeg,IteLIgedIm|Ipþl´
eyabl´cMeBaHeTsaPi:lelIkeRkay. RkumRbwkSanItib|J¦tþi:nsak
l|gEkTRmg´GaNaniKm edIm|Idak´TNÐkmµGñkeTaso:nRtwmRtUv
ehIykMuors´enA:nsuxRsYleBk. eTaHbICaya¨gNakþI eKminGac
Xat´XaMgOkaslÁsMrab´oGñkeTas:nrs´enAkñúgrdðjÚvesAEvl nig
kñúgGaNaniKmdéTeT[t Edl:nbeg,ItenACMuvijRbeTsGURsþalIenA
edImstvtSTI 19 eT.
GñkeTasTaMgGs´mancMnYneRcInCag 160000 nak´ RtUv:nnaMmk
RbeTsGURsþalI. RbeTsGg´eKøs:nbJÄb´karbJ¢ÚnGñkeTasmk
kan´rdðjÚvesAEvlenAqñaM 1840 mkkan´rdðzasemnIja¨enAqñaM 1852
nigmkkan´rdðGURsþalIxaglickñúgqñaM 1868.
kUnecArbs´GñkeTasmanesrIPaBrhUt edayehtuenHkarEbgEck
epSgKñarvagGñkeTasmun nigGñktaMglMenAdðan:n:t´bg´bnþicmþg>.
cab´BIrvagqñaM 1850mk GñkGaNaniKm:nRKb´RKgedayxøÜnÉg
ehIycg´ksagsg<mmYyEdlGacomaneKeKar. GñkGaNaniKm
køayeTACamankarxµas´eG[ncMeBaHeTaskMhusrbs´xøÜnBIGtItkal
ehIyQb´niyayGMBIer]gTaMgenaHeT[t. RbEhlCamYystvtSr¾
eRkaymk GarmµN¾xµas´eG[nenHk*:npøas´bþÚr. RbeTsGURsþalIcab´
epþImmanemaTnPaBcMeBaHkarmaneTasrbs´xøÜn ehIymnusSCaeRcIn
eBjcitþkñúgkartamrkbuBVbursGñkeTas.
kñúgsµartIénkareyaKyl´ CnCatiGURsþalI:nkøayeTACaRbCaCn
EdlBMucab´GarmµN¾xøaMgeTAelIedImkMeNItRKYsar ßcriyaBIGtItkal
rbs´mnusS. eyIgTTYlykmnusS eBlNaeyIgCYbeK ehIypþl´
omnusSnUvPaB ´yutþiZm( ´.
PaBCaBlrdðGURsþalI; cMNgrYmrbs´eyIg58
CnCatiedIm eRkayeBlkartaMglMenAdðanén CnCatiGWru¨b
tamkar:¨n´RbmaNKWmanCnCatiGabUrICInI nigGñkrs´enAelIekaH
Torres Strait rvag 750000 nig 1.5 lannak´
enAeBlcab´epþIm
kartaMglMenAdðanénCnCatiGWru¨b. cMnYnenHrab´bJ©ÚlRbmaN 250
RbCaCatimYy> nigPasaCag 700 Rkum.
enAeBleKtaMglMenAdðanelIkdMbUgenAkñúgRbeTsGURsþalI rdðaPi:l
Gg´eKøsBMu:neZVIsnÆisJ¦aCamYyRbCaCnGabUrICInIeT. CnCatiedIm
manesdÆkic©xøÜneKpÞal´ nigTMnak´TMngBIburaNCamYynwgTwkdI. rdða
Pi:lBuMGacTTYls<al´er]gEbbenH:neT BIeRBaHeKBMuEdlmanRbB&nÆ
ßCMen]dUcenHenATVIbGWru¨b. CnCatiGabUrICInIBMudaMdMNaM ßsg´pÞHedIm|I
enAEtmYykEnøgdUcCnCatiGg´eKøs:neZVIeT dUecñHrdðaPi:lKitza
CnCatiGabUrICInIBMumanKMnitcg´:nPaBCam©as´kmµsiTÆeLIy. rdða
Pi:lyl´zaeKGacdkhUtTwkdIBICnCatiedIm:nedayesrI.
karb¨HTg<icya¨gsøab´rs´
eTsaPi:lelIkdMbUg:nR:b´kMuoeKb¨HBal´CnCatiGabUrICInI k*b¨uEnþ
GñktaMglMenAdðanCnCatiGg´eKøs:ncUleTAkñúgTwkdIrbs´GabUrICInI
ehIymanCnCatiGabUrICInICaeRcInRtUv:neKsmøab´. CaTUeTA GñktaMg
lMenAdðanBuM:nTTYlTNÐkmµ cMeBaHkarRbRBwtþbTóRkidðTaMgenHeT.
CnCatiGabUrICInI nigGñktaMglMenAdðanxøHGacrs´enACamYyKñaeday
snþiPaB. GñktaMglMenAdðanxøH eRbICnCatiGabUrICInIoXValec[m
nighVÚgstVBahn;enAcMkar. eTsaPi:l Macquarie :nRbKl´
oCnCatiGabUrICInInUvdIpÞal´xøÜneK edIm|IeZVIcMkar niger[bcMCasala
er[nsMrab´kUnekµgGabUrICInI. eTaHCaya¨gNakþI manRbCaCnGabUrICInI
tictYcNas´Edlcg´rs´enAtamreb[bGñktaMglMenAdðan. BYkeKBMucg´
o:t´bg´TMen[mTMlab´vb|Zm(rbs´eKeLIy.
eyIgBMu:ndwgetImanCnCatiedImb¨unµannak´ RtUv:neKsmøab´enAkñúg
karRbyuTÆedIm|ITwkdI k*b¨uEnþeyIgdwgzamanRbCaCnGabUrICInIrab´ry
Ban´Gñk:nsøab´. GVIEdleZVIoCnCatiGabUrICInIsøab´eRcInCageKenaH
KWCmáW EdlCnCatiGWru¨bnaMcUlykmkkñúgRbeTsenH. kar:t´bg´CI
viténCnCatiGabUrICInI KWCamhnþrayd¾ZM. kñúgrdðvictUrIya¨¨enAnaTs
vtSr¾qñaM 1830 RbCaCnGabUrICInImanRbmaNCa 10000 nak´. enA
qñaM 1853 RbCaCnGabUrICInImanEt 1907nak´b¨ueNÑaHEdlRtUv:n
eKrab´eXIj.
RBitþikarN¾sMxan´enAkñúgRbvtiþsaRsþ
karrukrkRsavRCavGMBIekaH
enArdðjÚvesAEvl GñkGaNaniKmelIkdMbUg:nRbQmmuxnwgkar
Bi:kya¨gxøaMg. dIya¨gtictYcbMputénRbeTsGURsþalI CaTICnbT
EdlmanCIrCati. RbCaCnGabUrICInIZøab´er[nsURt RKb´RKg ehIy
rs´enAkñúgbridðanenH dUecñHeKk*mankarBi:kNas´EdrenAeBlman
karraMgsáÜt.
óbsK<ZMbMputTImYy EdlGñktaMglMenAdðanenAsuIdnIy:nRbQm
muxkñúgkarrukrkRsavRCavGMBIekaH CaPñMRbEvg 50 KILÚEmRt xaglic
suIdnIy KW Blue Mountains. enAqñaM 1813 manburs3nak´
KW Blaxland, Wentworth nig Lawson enATIbJ©b´eK:nqøg
kat´PñMenH. pøÚvzñl´ nigpøÚvEdkqøgkat´ Blue Mountains enAEt
mantampøÚvEdlBYkeKZøab´:neZVIdMeNIr.
enAEpñkm¡ageT[ténPñMTaMgenH GñkRsavRCav:nrukrkeXIjTICnbT
lVwgelVIyEdllÁsMrab´ciJ©wmec[m nighVÚgstVBahn;. eTaHCaya¨g
Nak*eday TwkdIEb¨kxagkñúgeT[tKWCaTICnbTsáÜt nigvalrehasæan.
eKmanbJØakñúgkarEsVgrkTwk nignaMykGaharo:nRKb´RKan´sMrab´
rs´enA. GñkRsavRCavrukrkedImkMeNItGaløWm¨g´ Ludwig
Leichhardt :n:t´xøÜn enAeBlkMBugsakl|gqøgkat´TVIbBIxag
ekIt eTAxaglicenAqñaM 1848.
enAqñaM 1860 Burke nig Wills :necjdMeNIrBIEm¨lb)nedIm|I
qøgkat´RbeTsGURsþalI BIt|Úg eTAeCIg. eK:ndwknaMRkumRsavRCav
rukrkd¾ZMmYy k*b¨uEnþkarqøgkat´rbs´eKmankarBi:kCaxøaMg. Burke
nig Wills BMuEmnCaGñkedIrkat´éRBeRsagEdlmankarBiesaZn¾enaH
eT. eK:nTTYlCMnYyÉkeTsBIRbCaCnGabUrICInII Yandruwandha
k*b¨uEnþGñkrukrkTaMgBIrnak´:nsøab´tampøÚvRtLb´mkvij. zVId|itEt
Burke nig Wills xkxanmin:nbMeBjkarRsavRCavrukrkrbs´BYk
eKkþI sac´er]grbs´xøÜnRtUv:neKcgcaMenAkñúgsil|; nigGkSrsaRsþ.
enHCaóTahrN¾d¾exøacpSaénPaBeXareXArbs´TwkdIeyIg.
kareZVIRsavRCavrukrkrbs´ Burke nig Wills qøgkat´RbeTsGURsþalIqñaM 1860
EpñkTI 5 - RbvtþiénCnCatiGURsþalIrbs´eyIg 59
GñktaMglMenAdðan nigGñkRtYsRtaypøÚv
sUm|IEtenAeBlEdlGñktaMglMenAdðanmandIlÁkþI CIvitenAEtmankar
Bi:kCaxøaMg. enAeRkayeBlTwkCn´lic ßkarraMgsáÜt Cajwkjab´
GñkcMkarcaM:c´RtUvcab´epþImsarCazµIeT[t. mkdl´qñaM1838 eram
ec[mCaplitplnaMecjd¾sMxan´mYyrbs´RbeTsGURsþalI ehIy
RbsinebImankarraMgsáÜt ßRbsinebItémøeramec[menARbeTseRkAZøak´
cuH GñktaMglMenAdðanRtUv:t´bg´meZüa:yrs´enArbs´eK. eTaHbICa
ya¨gNakþI RbCaCn:negIbeLIgvijedayxøÜnÉg ehIyRbyuTÆCabnþ
eTAeT[t. ´GñktyuTÆGURsþalI ´ ‘Aussie battler’ KWCaeQµaHEdl
eyIgdak´ocMeBaHGñkenArs´kñúgeBlBi:kdUcenH. GñktyuTÆGURsþalI
KWCatMNagsµartIRbyuTÆ nigkaregIbQreLIgvijrbs´CnCatiGURsþalI.
burs nigRsþIGñkRtYsRtaymuneK RtUv:nelIkkitþiyscMeBaHesckþI
køahanrbs´eKkñúgeBlBi:kTaMgenH. Cajwkjab´ RsþIRtUvbnþmux
karCMnYj ßERscMkarCabnþeT[t eBlNaburseZVIdMeNIreTAkan´TI
qáay ß:nsøab´.
KWenAkñúgry;eBlqñaMdMbUgd¾eXareXATaMgenH EdlsµartIklüaNmitþ
rbs´RbeTsGURsþalI:ncab´epþIm. sµartIklüaNmitþ KWCakmøaMgd¾
xøaMgkñúgcMeNambursEdleZVIdMeNIreTAtMbn´qáaydac´Rsyal eramstV
nigXValhVÚgstV. GñktaMglMenAdðan k*CYyKñaeTAvijeTAmkoputBI
karBi:k. RbéBNIenHenAEtCaEpñksMxan´énCIvitCnCatiGURsþalI
óTahrN¾ mnusSeRcInBan´nak´sµ&RKcitþRbyuTÆnwgePøIgeqHéRBCa
er[gral´qñaM.
karsÞúHsÞarkmas
karrkeXIjmasenArdðjÚvesAEvlenAedImqñaM 1851 RtUv:nBiBN(na
za ´karrkeXIjEdlEkERbRbCaCati ´. bnþiceRkaymkmask*RtUv
:neKrkeXIjenArdðvictUrIya¨¨pgEdr EdlCaGaNaniKmÉkraCüzµI.
mkTl´nwgcugqñaM 1852 manmnusS 90000 nak´:neZVIdMeNIrmk
kan´rdðvictUrIya¨¨ BIRKb´EpñkénRbeTsGURsþalI nigmkBIBaseBjBiPB
elakedIm|IEsVgrkmas.
kgT&BrdðaPi:lmanßkBareRKatRKatCaxøaMgcMeBaHGñkCIkman enA
eBlEdleKRbmUlézøGaC\ab&NÑsMrab´CIkrkmas. enAézáTI 11
Exvicäika qñaM 1854 manmnusScMnYn 10000 nak´:nRbmUlpþMúKñaenA
Bakery Hill, Ballarat edIm|ITTYlykeRbInUvZmµnuJ¦énsiTÆicaM:c´
kñúgliTÆiRbCaZibetyü. BYkeKcg´oGacCIkrkmas:n edayBMucaM
:c´RtUvkaRbg´R:k´sMrab´GaC\ab&NÑd¾ézø. eKk*cg´oGace:HeqñatsM
rab´omnusStMNagBYkeKpgEdr kñúgrdðsPaenArdðvictUrIya¨.
mnusSmYyRkumtUcsg´rbgcRmwgkarBarenAÉkEnøgCIkykEr¨mas
Eureka ehIybgØÚtTg´CatibHe:rrbs´eKEdlmanrUbp,ay
Southern Cross enABIelI. Pñak´garrdðaPi:l:nbJ¢ÚnTahan
edIm|IvayRbharelIrbgcRmwgkarBarenARBwkézáTI 3 ExZñÚ qñaM 1854.
minyUrb¨unµanGñkCIkmask*:ncaj´eRb[beK ehIymanmnusSRbEhl
30 nak´:nsøab´.
Tg´C&y Eureka
masRtUv:neKrkeXIjkñúgGaNaniKmrdðjÚvesAEvl nigrdðvictUrIya¨¨kñúgqñaM 1851
enAeBlembHe:rRtUvdak´otulakarvinicä&ycMeBaHGMeBIk|t´Cati BMuman
KN;vinicä&ytulakarNamYypþnÞaeTasBYkeKeT. KN;kmµkarrk
eXIjzardðaPi:lmankMhus ehIykaresñIsMuCaeRcInrbs´GñkCIkEr¨
:nRtUveKyl´RBm. esckþIR:zñarbs´eK edIm|IkarbeJ©jTsSn;
neya:yk*RtUv:nTTYlyl´RBmEdr. kñúgry;eBlmYyqñaM Peter
Lalor GñkdwknaMkarbHe:r køayCasmaCikrdðsPardðvictUrIya¨.
CaeRcInqñaMknøgmk karbHe:r Eureka :nkøayCanimitþrUbénkar
t½a nigCMen]rbs´eyIgcMeBaHPaByutþiZm(.
karsÞúHsÞarkmas:nEkERbRbeTsGURsþalIkñúgreb[beRcInya¨g. kñúg
ry;eBlénqñaMsÞúHsÞarkmas cMnYnRbCaCnGURsþalITaMgGs´:nekIn
eLIgBI 43000 nak´ enAqñaM 1851 eTAdl´ 1.7 lannak´enAqñaM
1870. pøÚvrdðePøIg nigm¨asuInTUrelxelIkTImYy RtUv:nsagsg´
enAqñaM 1850 edIm|ItP¢ab´TMnak´TMngRbCaCnEdlrIkduHdaleLIg.
KMnrmasZM>RtUv:neKrkeXIjenARKb´GaNaniKmTaMgGs´ elIkElg
EtrdðGURsþalIxagt|Úg. esdÆkic©:nrIkduHdal ehIymaskøayCa
plitplnaMecjrbs´eyIgd¾mantémø Cageramec[meTAeT[t. mk
Tl´RbEhlqñaM 1890 RbeTsGURsþalIGaceTACamankMritCIvPaBrs´
enAx¬s´CageKkñúgBiPBelak. karbHe:r Eureka RtUv:neKnwkzaCaeBlevlaénliTÆiRbCaZib
etyüd¾Gs©arükñúgRbvtþisaRsþGURsþalI. enAÉTIlanCIkmas Ballarat
qñaM 1854 GñkCIkmas:neZVIkart½ad¾ZMRbqaMgnwgreb[beXareXA
EdlPñak´garrdðaPi:l:ncat´EcgelITIlanCIkmas.
PaBCaBlrdðGURsþalI; cMNgrYmrbs´eyIg60
GñktaMgTIlMenAedayKµanc|ab´GnuJ¦at nigGñkERscMkartaMgBIézádMbUgénGaNaniKmmk mnusSEdleKs<al´Ca ´GñktaMg
TIlMenAedayKµanc|ab´GnuJ¦at ´ :nykTwkdIenAkEnøgZMlVwgelVIy
edIm|IeZVIERscMkar. zVId|itEteKBMubg´R:k´sMrab´dITaMenaHk*eday Gñk
taMgTIlMenAedayKµanc|ab´GnuJ¦atcat´Tuk dITaMgenaHzaCarbs´eK
pÞal´. enAeRkayeBlkarsÞúHsÞarkmas:ncb´ mankarts)Uya¨g
xøaMgkøaedIm|IykdIenHBIGñktaMgTIlMenAedayKµanc|ab´GnuJ¦atvij.
naTsvtS¾qñaM 1860 rdðaPi:lcg´lk´dIrbs´GñktaMgTIlMenAedayKµan
c|ab´GnuJ¦atoeTAbursGñkeZVIkar nigRKYsarrbs´eKedIm|IeZVIERscMkar.
GñktaMgTIlMenAedayKµanc|ab´GnuJ¦at xitxMrkSadIo:neRcInbMput
tamEdlGaceZVI:nsMrab´xøÜneK edayTamTarykkarCYlya¨geRcIn
CaBiessGñkEdlmanfan;x¬s´CageK.
GñkERscMkarCMnan´zµI:nRbQmmuxnwgbridðanya¨gBi:k edayenA
qáayBITIpSarrhUtTal´EtpøÚvrzePøIg:nksageLIg. OkasEdlork
:nR:k´cMNUlx¬s´enATIRkugEtgEteZVIoCIvitenAelIdI nigkargar:n
kéRmtictYcBMusUv:nTak´TajcitþeT.
eTaHCaya¨gNakþI GñkcMkareZVI:nlÁenArdðGURsþalIxagt|Úg nig
RbéBNIGURsþalIkñúgkaréqñRbDiteRK]gma¨suIn edIm|IokareZVIERscMkar
kan´EtRsYleLIg :ncab´epþImenATIenaH. óTahrN¾ ma¨suInP¢ÜrrM
elIgKl´eQI ‘naTsvtS¾qñaM 1870’ eZVIodIeRKatRKatRsYlsMGat
edIm|IeZVIdMNaMcMkar.
kareZVIGenþaRbevsn¾naTsvtS¾qñaM 1800 enAedImTsvtS¾qñaM 1800 GñktaMglMenAdðanCatiGg´eKøss,útTIs
evls¾ nigeG[rLg´ KWCaRkumcMbgenAkñúgGaNaniKm. ek¼dMENl
rbs´eKKWCamUldðanénRbCaCatizµI. eRK]gkMsanþrbs´GURsþalI
skmµPaB vb|Zm( nigkarGnuvtþn¾Epñksasna manlk¡N;dUcKña
nwgcRkPBGg´eKøs. eTaHCaya¨gNakþI k*manRkumtUcénCnGenþaRb
evsn¾mkBIGuWrub nigGasIupgEdr. karmkdl´énCnCatiGuWrubenArvag
qñaM 1800 rab´bJ©ÚlTaMgCnCatiGuItalI Rkik b¨ULÚj ma¨l´et
nigrusSIú k*dUcCaGñktaMglMenAdðanCati:raMg EdleZVIkarkñúgósSah
kmµbiTRsaEdr. CnTaMgenHPaKeRcInKWCabursekµgEsVgrkkargar
nigRTBüsm|tþi ßGñkedIrsmuRTEdlrt´ecalk:¨l´rbs´eK.
CnGenþaRbevsn¾Caticincab´epþImmkdl´RbeTsGURsþalIenAeRkayqñaM
1842. cMnYnrbs´eKekIneLIgeRkaykarrkeXIjmas ehIymanTM
nas´EpñkBUCsasn¾enAelITIlanCIkrkmas. karenHCYnkalbNþal
omankub|kmµRbqaMgnwgCnCaticin dUcCaer]gehtuekItmanenAtMbn´
Bendigo kñúgqñaM 1854. TMnas´EpñkBUCsasn¾naMomankardak´kMhit
EpñkGenþaRbevsn¾CaelIkTImYyenArdðvictUrIya¨kñúgqñaM 1855 nigenArdð
jÚvesAEvlkñúgqñaM 1861.
enAeRkaykarsÞúHsÞarkmaskñúgrvagqñaM 1850 CnCaticinPaKeRcInvil
RtLb´eTAkanRsukrbs´eKvij. kñúgcMeNamGñkEdlenACaCnCaticin
KWGñkdaMsYnbEnøsMrab´TIpSarEdlpþl´bEnøEpøeQIRss´EdlcaM:c´Ca
eRcInkñúgtMbn´EdlmankarxVHxatTwk.
cab´BITsvtSr¾qñaM 1860 mnusSmkBIRbeTsGuIr¨g´ eGhSIb nigTYrKImk
edIm|IeZVIRbtibtþikar ´hVwkhVWn ´ stVGUdÆtamtMbn´qáaydac´Rsyal
kñúgRbeTsGURsþalI . eRkaymk manGñkCiHGUdÆCati«eNÐ{ EdleK
eyagzaCaCnCatiGahVh<anIsþan edaysarehtuCacMbgKWsemø{kbM
Bak´dUcKñarbs´eK nigCMen]rYmelIsasnaGIusøam. GñkCiHGUdÆTaMgenH
RtUv:ncat´TukzaCa ´GñkRtYsRtaydIEb¨kxagkñúgRbeTs ´. man
CnCati«eNÐ{RbEhlCa 4000 nak´ nigGñkrs´enAelIekaH:¨suIhVik
6000nak´eZVIkarenAkñúgósSahkmµs,r nigeckkñúgrdðXVInEsønpgEdr.
cab´BIRKaqñaM 1880mk GñkeZVIkarBIRbeTslIbg´:nmkdl´RbeTs
GURsþalI. CnCatilIbg´CaeRcIn:ncUlrYmkñúgósSahkmµRkNat´
nigsemø{kbMBak´. RKYsarCnCatilIbg´EdlmkPaKeRcInmanCMnYj
vaMgnnCarbs´´xøÜnpÞal´ tamTICnbTRbeTsGURsþalI CaRbéBNIEdl
bnþmkdl´bc©úb|nñenH.
TIbMrugrbs´CnCatiGabUrICInI
eRkayBIkarRbyuTÆelIkdMbUgrvagRbCaCnGabUrICInI nigGñktaMglMenA
dðanGMBIer]gTwkdI:ncb´ RbCaCnGabUrICInIrs´enAEk|reRkamvNÑ;
sg<m. GñkxøHeZVIkarenAksidðanciJ©wmec[m nighVÚgstVBahn;enA
tMbn´qáaydac´RsyalEdlrk:n R:k´kMérya¨gTabbMput. rdða
Pi:lGaNaniKm:ner[bcMTIbMrugEdlCnCatiGabUrICInwgGacrs´enA
:n k*b¨uEnþTIkEnøgTaMgenaHminGnuJ¦atoRbCaCnGabUrICInIrs´enAtam
CIvitRbéBNIrbs´BYkeKeT. eKminGacbr:j´ nigRbmUlpþMútamcitþ
cg´:neT.
enAcugTsvtS¾qñaM 1800 rdðaPi:lGaNaniKmdksiTÆirbs´CnCati
GabUrICInIecj. eKGñkR:b´CnCatiGabUrICInI GMBIkEnøgNaEdleK
RtUvrs´enA. rdðaPi:lGaNaniKmR:b´CnCatiGabUrICInI GMBIGñkNa
EdleKGacer[bkarCamYy:n ehIyeK:nykkUnekµgGabUrICInIecj
BIÓBukmþayrbs´eK. kUnekµgTaMgenHRtUv:neKbJ¢ÚneTAoRKYsarCn
CatiEs|ks ßmNÐlkumarkMRBarbs´rdðaPi:l. karGnuvtþn¾TaMgenH
ElgmaneT[tehIy k*b¨uEnþvaenAEtCabuBVehtunaMomankarekItTuk¡ya¨g
RCaleRCAcMeBaHRbCaCnGabUrICInI nigcMeBaHCnCatiGURsþalICaeRcIn.
GñkCiHGUdÆCatiGahVh<anIsþan enAtMbn´qáaydac´RsyalénRbeTsGURsþalI
EpñkTI 5 - RbvtþiénCnCatiGURsþalIrbs´eyIg 61
siTÆie:Heqñat
‘Suffragettes’ KWCaBaküEdleKeRbICMuvijBiPBelak sMrab´RsþI
EdleZVIyuTÆnakaredIm|Io:nsiTiÆe:Heqñatkñúgkare:HeqñateRCIstaMg.
kñúgry;eBlénRKaqñaM 1880 nig 1890RKb´GaNaniKmmanya¨gehac
Nas´sg<mmYyEdlmansiTÆie:Heqñat. Suffragettes RbmUlhtæ
elxaCaeRcInBan´nak´elIJ¦tþiTamTar edIm|Idak´CUneTArdðsPaGaNa
niKm.
RsþIenArdðGURsþalIxagt|ÚgTTYl:nsiTÆie:Heqñat ehIyEsVgrkoeK
e:HeqñatsMrab´rdðsPaenAqñaM 1895. RsþIenAGURsþalIxaglicTTYl
:nsiTiÆe:HeqñatenAqñaM 1899.
kñúgqñaM 1902 RbeTsGURsþalIKWCaRbeTsTImYyEdloRsþImansiTiÆe:H
eqñat nigsiTÆiRtUv:neKeRCIstaMgenAkñúgrdðsPaGURsþalI. RsþI nig
bursCnCatiedImBMumansiTÆie:HeqñateTrhUtdl´qñaM 1962.
Edith Cowan køayCaRsþIsmaCiksPaTImYy enAeBlEdlKat´
RtUv:neKeRCIstaMgenArdðsPaGURsþalIxaglicenAqñaM 1923. rhUt
dl´qñaM 1943 eTIbRsþI Enid Lyons RtUv:neKeRCIstaMgsMrab´rdð
sPaGURsþalI.
Catherine Spence ‘1825-1910’
Catherine Spence
CaGñkniBnÆ GñkeTsna
bJ©úHbJ©Úl GñkKaMRTRsþIePT
nigGñkTamTarsiTiÆe:Heqñat.
Catherine Spence eZVI
GenþaRbevsn¾BIs,útElnmk
kan´RbeTsGURsþalI. Kat´:n
sresrRbelamelak TTYl:n
rgVan´GMBICIvitCnCatiGURsþalI
k*dUcCakarsresrGMBIes[vePAsM
rab´salaer[nEdr.
Kat´:nCYyer[bcMGg<karmYy edIm|ICYydl´kUnekµgEdlKµanpÞH
sEm|g nigCYyp<t´p<g´salametyüzµI nigsalamZümsikSasaZa
rN;sMrab´narI.
Kat´CaRsþITImYyEdl:nQreQµaHsMrab´sPa nigTTYlsnøwkeqñatCa
eRcIn k*b¨uEnþKat´BMu:nQñHekAGIkñúgrdðsPaeT. enAqñaM 1891 Kat´
køayeTACaRbZanrgénRkumsm¬&nÆedIm|IsiTiÆe:Heqñatrbs´RsþIrdðGURsþalI
xagt|Úg.
Catherine Spence KWCanimitþrUbénGVIEdlRsþIGaceZVI:nseRmc
sUm|IEtenAkñúgeBltwgEtgk*eday.
shB&nÆ
GaNaniKm:nrIkcMerIndac´edayELkBIKña k*b¨uEnþenAcugstvtSr¾TI19
mtiTUeTAGMBIGVICarbs´Cati:nrIkduHdaleLIg. GarmµN¾enHRtUv:n
sEmþgecjCaBaküén ‘Advance Australia Fair’´. ceRm[genH
RtUv:nsresreday Peter Dodds McCormick ehIyCa
ceRm[gTImYyenAsIudnIyqñaM 1878. «LÚvenHKWCaePøgCatirbs´eyIg.
eq¬aHeTATIbJ©b´énstvtür¾TI 19 karb¨unb¨gBIrelIk:nRtUveZVIeLIgedIm|I
naMGaNaniKmcUlCamYyKña. kñúgqñaM 1889 elak Henry Parkes
:nGMBavnavedIm|Ibeg,ItCaRbCaCatizµImYyEdlxøaMg. snñisiTÆshB&nÆ
GURsþalIRtUv:neZVIeLIgkñúgqñaM 1890 edIm|IBiPakSaGMBIKMniténshB&nÆ
GURsþalI.
eRkayBIkaryWtyUrxøHmk clnaeq¬aHeTAkan´shB&nÆ:nbEnæmel|}n
enAqñaM 1893. Gñke:HeqñateRCIstaMgerIsyksmaCikénsnñi:t
ZmµnuJ¦elIkeRkay. Gñke:HeqñateRCIstaMge:HeqñatRbCamtiCaBIr
elIkedIm|ITTYlykrdðZmµnuJ¦. karBitEdldMeNIrkarshB&nÆman
mUldðantamkarb¨gR:zñarbs´RbCaCn bgØajoeXIjzaetIRbeTs
GURsþalI:nrIkduHdalya¨gNaxøH.
ézáshB&nÆenARkug Brisbane qñaM 1901
PaBCaBlrdðGURsþalI; cMNgrYmrbs´eyIg62
rdðaPi:lGg´eKøsyl´RBmza RbeTsGURsþalIGacRKb´RKgedayxøÜn
Ég:n ehIyrdðaPi:lGURsþalITImYy:ncUls|zsc©acMeBaHmux
hVÚgmnusSd¾eRcInenAsYnóTüanRbcaMstvtSr¾sIudnIyenAézáTI 1 Exmkra
qñaM 1901. NaykrdðmRnþIénRbCaCatizµIKWelak Edmund Barton
CaGñkEdl:ndwknaMclnaedIm|IshB&nÆenArdðjÚvesAEvl.
eBlenaHGURsþalICaRbCaCatiEtmYy k*b¨uEnþenAeRkamcRkPBGg´eKøs
enAeLIy. eKBMuTan´:nTTYlGMNaceBjeljelIEpñkkarBarCati
nigkic©karbreTseT rhUtdl´qñaM 1931. zVId|itmanGarmµN¾esñha
Cati:nrIkZMeLIgk*eday KMnitEdlyl´zaGURsþalICaCatiGg´eKøsenA
EtmanxøaMgenAeLIy.
edaysarKN;bkSkargarrIkkan´EtZMeLIgenaH KN;bkSdéTeT[t
TaMgGs´k*:nrYmpSMKñabeg,IteTACaKN;bkSesrIkñúg (Liberal Party)
qñaM 1910. KN;bkSenHmaneQµaHCaeRcIn. enAcenøaHsRg<am eK
køayeTACaKN;bkSCatiniym (Nationalist Party) ehIybnÞab´
mkeTACaKN;bkSbRgYbbRgYmGURsþalI (United Australia
Party). enAqñaM 1944 KN;bkSesrIEdleyIgs<al´enAeBlbc©úb
|nñ
enHRtUv:nbeg,IteLIg. enHeZVItamsnñi:ter[bcMeLIgedayelak
Robert Menzies Tak´TinnwgKN;bkSCaeRcInEdlminEmnCa
KN;bkSkargar. elak Robert Menzies eRkaymkkøayCa
naykrdðmRnþIGURsþalI EdlbMerIkic©kar:nyUrCageK.
eRkaysRg<amelakelIkTIImYy KN;bkSCnbTRtUv:nbeg,IteLIg
edIm|IeZVIobuBVehturbs´GñkERscMkarmanclnaeTAmux. bc©úb|nñenH
RtUv:neKs<al´zaCaKN;bkSCati (Nationals) CaTUeTAeKman
skmµPaBcUlrYmCamYynwgKN;bkSesrI.
c|ab´dak´kMhitelIkareZVIGenþaRbevsn¾qñaM 1901(Immigration Restrictions Act 1901)eKalkarN¾ ´RbeTsGURsþalIénCnCatiEs|ks ´ :nkøayCac|ab´
enAeBlkardak´kMhitelIkareZVIGenþaRbevsn¾ qñaM 1901
(Immigration Restrictions Act 1901) RtUv:nGnum&t
enAExZñÚ qñaM 1901. c|ab´enHdak´kMhitCnGenþaRbevsn¾minoeZVIkar
kñúgRbeTsGURsþalI nigcMeBaHkareZVIGenþaRbevsn¾énmnusSEdl
´minEmnCaCnCatiEs|ks ´.
GñkNaEdlBuMmanedImkMeNItBIRbeTstGWru¨b RtUvRbLgsresrtam
GancMnYn 50 BaküCaPasaGWru¨b. smaCikénsPaBaNiC¢kmµcinKW
emZavI William Ah Ket nigCaBaNiC©krcin GñknaMmux:neZVIkar
t½aCasaZarN; k*b¨uEnþkarTaMgenHmin:neCaKC¥Akñúgkarpøas´bþÚr
c|ab´eT.
CnCaticin «eNÐ{ Gñkrs´enAekaH:¨suIhVik nigmnusSmkBImCÄwm
bUBa(mYycMnYnZM RtUv:nCMnYsedayCnGenþaRbevsn¾mkBIGWru¨bxagt|Úg
kñúgshB&nÆGURsþalIzµI> k*b¨uEnþkarpþl´viPaKTanEpñkvb|Zm(rbs´eK
:neTACacMENkénGtþsJ¦aNsg<m RbeTsGURsþalIrYceTAehIy.
sRg<amelakelIkTImYy 1914-1918 eRkABIkarRbyuTÆtUctacrvagGñktaMglMenAdðan nigRbCaCnGabUrICImk
RbeTsGURsþalIKWCaRbeTssnþiPaBmYyKYrokt´sm<al ´EdlBMuman
sRg<amsuIvil ßbdivtþn¾eT. GñktaMglMenAdðanTImYyesµaHRtg´CamYy
cRkPBGg´eKøsCaxøaMg.
elak Edmund Barton
karkekIteLIgénKN;bkSneya:y
enARKaqñaM 1880 GñkeZVIkarenARbeTsGURsþalI:nksagnUvshCIB
BaNiC¢kmµd¾xøaMg. enAkñúgeBlBi:kénOnPaBesdÆkic© nigkarrIg
sáÜt shCIBTaMgenH:neZVIkUdkmµedIm|IkarBarR:k´cMNUl nigl&k¡
x&NÐrbs´eK. bnÞab´mkGñkeZVIkar:ngakeTArkEpñkneya:yvij.
kñúgqñaM 1891 eKk*:nbeg,ItKN;bkSkargar.
kic©karTImYyrbs´KN;bkSkargarKWedIm|IQñH:nmkvij nigeZVIo
R:k´QñÜl nigl&k¡x&NÐÐrbs´GñkeZVIkar:nRbesIreLIg. RbCaCnzñak´
kNþalrs´enA:nRsYlCagGñkeZVIkar k*b¨uEnþeKyl´BIsæanPaBrbs´
GñkeZVIkar. KN;kmµkarbuK<likRtUv:nbeg,ItedIm|IkMNt´R:k´QñÜl
nigbg,arnUvkareZVIkUdkmµ. enAqñaM 1907 tulakarEpñksMruHsMrYl nig
GaC\akNþal:nkMNt´kMritR:k´QñÜlticbMput edIm|IobursGñkeZVIkar
RbBnÆrbs´eK nigkUnbInak´Gacrs´enA:nRsYledayman
´karsnSMsMéc ´.
EpñkTI 5 - RbvtþiénCnCatiGURsþalIrbs´eyIg 63
eTaHCaya¨gNakþI kñúgfan;CaCnCatiGWur¨ubenACYrmuxeKEk|rRbeTsGasuI
RbeTsGURsþalImanGarmµN¾zaxøÜngayTTYlrgeRKaHNas´ CaBiess
eRkayeBlRbeTsCb¨unkøayeTACamhaGMNacZMmk. RbeTsGURsþa
lITukcitþelIcRkPBGg´eKøs nigkmøaMgkgnavacrN¾rbs´eKedIm|I
karBareyIg. RbeTsGURsþalI:nRbyuTÆkñúgsRg<amelakTaMgBIrelIk
edIm|IrkSacRkPBGg´eKøso:nxøaMg nigkarBarxøÜneyIgpÞal´.
TahanGURsþalIcUlrYmkñúgsRg<amelakelIkTImYy kñúgqñaM 1915
edaykarvayRbhareTAelIsm¬&nÆmitþrbs´GaLWmg´ KWRbeTsTYrKI.
kgT&BGURsþalI nigjÚveh)SLwnRtUv:neKocMENkpÞal´xøÜnenAeRCay
Gallipoli Peninsula edIm|IeZVIkarvayRbhar.
BYkeKRtUv:ndak´eTAelIeqñrsmuRTxuskEnøg ehIyRtUvetageLIgRcaMg
d¾ecatkñúgeBlEdlRtUv:j´edaykgT&BTYrKI. eTaHCaya¨gNak*eday
BYkeK:neLIgeTAelImat´RcaMg nigCIkreNþA zVId|itEtmanbursekµg>
CaeRcIn:nsøab´. CnCatiGURsþalIenAkñúgRsukmanemaTnPaBya¨g
sem|ImkñúgsµartIén Anzacs.
elak Simpson niglarbs´Kat´ - John Simpson Kirkpatrick ‘1892-1915’
elak John Simpson Kirkpatrick CaGñkbMerIenAkñúgkgT&B
nigCaGñkniTaner]gGURsþalI.
Kñúgfan;CaBleTa John
Simpson Kat´:nbMerIenAÉ
Gallipoli kñúgRkumLaneBTüCa
GñkelIkEsñgGñkrbYs. eKman
karBi:kkñúgkarelIkEsñgedIr
tamkUnPñM nigRClgPñM. eday
CMTas´nwgbJ¢arbs´kgT&B Kat´
:neRbIstVlaeQµaH Duffy
edIm|ICYydwkCJ¢ÚnTahanEdl
RtUvrbYsedIm|IRtLb´eTAkEnøgman
suvtæiPaBvij.
TaMgézáTaMgyb´ BImYyema¨geTAmYyema¨g eKRbzuyeRKaHzñak´dl´CIvit
edayeZVIdMeNIrenAcenøaHkarRbyuTÆ nigCMrMutameqñr.
BleTa John Simpson :nmkdl´ Gallipoli enAézáTI 25
Exemsa qñaM 1915. Kat´:neKRtUv:j´søab´bYnGaTitüeRkaymk
edaykaMePøIgynþrbs´BYksRtUv. mnusSbMerIkñúgkgT&BenAÉCMrMutameqñr
QremIlTaMgTuk¡RBYyedaysáat´esá[medayeXIj Duffy enAEtdwk
TahanrbYsedIrRtwk> eq¬aHeTAkan´eqñredayKµanm©as´ekµgrbs´eKenA
Ek|r.
eRCay Gallipoli Peninsula kñúgeBlsRg<amelakelIkTImYy
ézáExénkareLIgeKakenAÉ Gallipoli ‘ézáTI 25 Exemsa’ KWCaézá
buNüCati. enHRtUv:nehAzaézá Anzac Day sMrab´kgT&B
GURsþalI nigjÚveh)SLwn.
eRkayBI Gallipoli kgkmøaMgGURsþalI:nRbyuTÆenAelIrN;sirSxag
licRbeTs:raMg. KWenARtg´kEnøgenHehIyEdleKmaneQµaHzayuTÆ
CnGñkCIkdI ‘diggers’ BIeRBaHeK:ncMNayeBlya¨geRcInedIm|I
CIk nigCYsCulelNdðan. dwknaMedayembJ¢akarrbs´eKKWótþm
esnIy John Monash yuTÆCnGURsþalI:nTTYleCaKC&yd¾ZM
sem|ImkñúgkarRbyuTÆcugeRkayRbqaMgnwgRbeTsGaLWmg´.
TaMgburs nigRsþIEdlbMerIkñúgkgT&BGURsþalIk*:nbMerIenAmCÄwmbUBa(pg
Edr edaykarcUlrYmkñúgkic©karBarERBkCIksuyeGh* (Suez Canal)
nigkarvayyk:neRCaysIuéNy* (Sinai Peninsula) edaykgT&B
sm¬&nmitþ.
PaBCaBlrdðGURsþalI; cMNgrYmrbs´eyIg64
er]gniTan Anzac RbéBNI Anzac :nbeg,IteLIgenAézáTI 25 Exemsa qñaM 1915 eBlEdlkgkmøaMgGURsþalI nigjÚveh)SLwn (ANZAC) eLIgeKakenAeRCay
Gallipoli Peninsula kñúgRbeTsTYrKI.
eKbJ¢ak´GMBIkarcab´epþImyuTÆnakarEdlmanry;eBl 8 Ex EdlbNþalo:t´bg´CIvitTahanGURsþalIRbmaNCa 25000 nak´ rab´bJ©ÚlTaMg
8700 nak´Edl:nRtUveKsmøab´ ßsøab´edaysarrbYs ßCmáW. esckþIkøahan nigsµartIénGñkTaMgenaHEdlbMerIenAeRCay
Gallipoli Peninsula :neZVIoekItCaer]gniTaneLIg ehIy ‘Anzac’ køayCaEpñkénPasarbs´RbeTsGURsþalI nigjÚveh)SLwn.
kñúgqñaM 1916 KWézáxYbkMeNItTImYyénkareLIgeKak:nRtUvRbtibtþienAkñúgRbeTsGURsþalI jÚveh)SLwn nigGg´eKøs k*dUcKñaedaykgT&BenARbeTs
eGhSIúbEdr. enAkñúgqñaMenaH ézáTI 25 Exemsa:nRtUveKdak´eQµaHzaCaézá ‘Anzac Day’´.
RKaqñaM 1920 ézáBiZIrMlwkézá Anzac Day :nRtUveZVIenABaseBjRbeTsGURsþalI ehIyrdð:ncat´Ecgoézá Anzac Day CaézábuNüsa
ZarN;. kEnøgrMlwkviJ¦aNx&nÆyuTÆCnsøab´kñúgsRg<amZM>:nRtUvsg´kñúgraCZanI nigbUCnIydðankñúgTIRkug nigkñúgTIRbCMuCnBaseBjRbeTsCati
edIm|IrMlwkdl´burs nigRsþIekµgEdl:nsøab´enAkñúgCemøaHenH nigCemøaHeRkay>eT[t.
«LÚvenH ézá Anzac Day KWCaézápþl´kitþiysdl´GñkTaMgenaHEdl:nbMerIenAkñúgsRg<amCemøaH nigRbtibtþikarrkSasnþiPaB. enHminEmnCaBiZI
rwlwkEpñkkgT&Bya¨gBitR:kdeT. enHBMuEmnpþl´kitþiyscMeBaHeCaKC&yeT-yuTÆnakarenA Gallipoli RtUv:nbraC&y. ézáTaMgenHpþl´kitþiys
cMeBaHKuNsm|tþiburs nigRsþIsamJ¦EdlbMerIkñúgkgT&B; klüaNmitþ PaBGt´Zµt´ nigmenaseJ©tnaenAcMeBaHmuxPaBepSg>Kña. bc©úb|nñenH ézá
Anzac Day :nRtUveKeZVIBiZIrMlwkkñúgRbeTsGURsþalI nigCMuvijBiPBelak. burs nigRsþIkñúgkic©bMerIGURsþalIEdl:nRtLb´mkBIeZVIIsRg<amelak
elIkTIBIr nigCemøaHdéTeT[t k*dUcCakgrkSasnþiPaB nigTahaneCIgcas´mkBIRbeTssm¬&nÆmiRtdéTeT[t TaMgGs´Kña:nedIredaymanemaTnPaB
kñúgk|ÜnEhr ézá Anzac Day.
BiZIrMlwkézá Anzac Day naeBlRBHGaTitürHenA Gallipoli
EpñkTI 5 - RbvtþiénCnCatiGURsþalIrbs´eyIg 65
vibtþiesdÆkic©d¾ZM qñaM 1929-1932 vibtþiesdÆkic©d¾ZM KWCaeBlEdlmankarBi:kbMputcMeBaHRbCaCnenARbeTsGURsþalI. eKcab´epþImkñúgeBlCamYyKñanwgkardYlrlMénTIpSarh)unenA
TIRkugjÚy¨k k*b¨uEnþmanktþadéTeT[tEdrEdlnaMoekItmanvibtþiesdÆkic©. TaMgenHrab´bJ©ÚlTaMgkarZøak´cuHéntémø nigkarlk´plitplnaMecj
karZøak´cuHénR:k´km©IeRkARbeTs nigkarkat´cMNayrbs´rdðaPi:l nigkarZøak´cuHénEpñksagsg´. enABak´kNþalqñaM 1932 swgEt 32
PaKryénCnCatiGURsþalI:n:t´bg´kargareZVI.
karb¨HTg<icénvibtþiesdÆkic©mkelIsg<mGURsþalI KWCamhnþraymYy.
edayKµankargareZVI nigR:k´cMNUleT[gTat´ mnusSCaeRcIn:t´bg´
pÞHsEm|grbs´eK. eKRtUvbg¡Mcitþrs´enAkñúgCMrkCabeNþaHGasnñeday
Kµanma¨suInkMedA nigGnam&y. ÓBukxøHrt´ecalRKYsarrbs´eK ßkøay
CaGñkRbmwk. kUnekµgénvNÑ;GñkeZVIkar cab´epþImcakecjBIsalaer[n
enAGayu 13 ß 14 qñaM. RsþICaeRcIneZVIkarkñúgkargarEdlcaM:c´dUc
CakaremIlEzkUnrbs´eK nigpÞHedayxøÜnÉg.
kñúgeBlkarnaMeq¬aHeTArkvibtþiesdÆkic© rdðaPi:lGURsþalIBuMmankmµviZI
mCÄwmsMrab´Gñk«tkargareZVIeT. eRkAEtBIGg<kar sb|úrsZm( nigGg<
karÉkCnxøH RbCaCnRkIRkRtUvsg¹wmelIKMeragkargar nigKMeragkic©
karsaZarN;.
esdÆkic©cab´epþImRbesIreLIgvijenAqñaM 1932 k*b¨uEnþkñúgkrNIyCaeRcIn
karxUcxatEdlmaneTAelIRKYsarminGacCYsCul vij:neLIy. kñúg
ry;eBlvibtþiesdÆkic©d¾ZM muxgarsMxan´>rbs´Gg<karsb|úrsZm(GURsþa
lI nigGñksµ&RKcitþkan´EtelceLIgoeXIjc|as´.
kardYss)ubEckBIcRg,andaMsø kñúgeBlekItmanvibtþiesdðkic©
elak Charles Kingsford Smith ‘1897-1935’ elak Charles Kingsford Smith CaGñkebIkynþehaHd¾køahan GñkRtYsRtayEpñkGakascrN¾
nigCavirbursGURsþalI.
kñúgsRg<amelakelIkTImYy elak Charles Kingsford Smith :nRbyuTÆenA Gallipoli
nigehaHehIrCamYykgGakascrN¾.
karseRmc:neCaKC&yZMbMputrbs´Kat´KWkarehaHkat´smuRT:¨suIhVik BIkalIhV&rnIja¨ mkrdðXVInEsøn
enAqñaM 1928. TIbJ©b´ enAeBlynþehaHrbs´Kat´eQµaH Southern Cross :nehaHmkdl´GURsþalI
RbCaCnEdleKarBRsLaj´Kat´cMnYn 25000 nak´ :nmkTIenaHedIm|IERskGbGrsaTrvirbursrbs´xøÜn
‘Smithy’´. Kat´:nRtUvEtgtaMgCaGsSßTÆicMeBaHkic©bMerIrbs´Kat´ dl´GakascrN¾enAqñaM 1932.
KYroexøacpSar edayehtuenAqñMa 1935 Kat´:nZøak´ynþehaHkñúgeBlehaHehIrBIRbeTsGg´eKøs mkkan´
RbeTsGURsþalI ehIy:nRtUv:t´xøÜnrhUtmk.
elak Charles Kingsford Smith :nRtUveKcat´TukzaCaGñkebIkynþehaHd¾Gs©arüCageKkñúgelak ehIyKat´:nRtUveKnwkeXIjcMeBaHkar
pþl´oRbCaCnenABak´kNþaleBlmanvibtþiesdÆkic© nUvvirbursGURsþalId¾BitR:kdmYyrUbsMrab´eKarB.
PaBCaBlrdðGURsþalI; cMNgrYmrbs´eyIg66
sRg<amelakelIkTI 2 qñaM 1939-1945enAkñúgsRg<amelakelIkTI 2 kgT&BGURsþalI:nRbyuTÆedIm|Ism¬&nÆmitþ
enAelITIrehafanGaRhVikxageCIg nigenATIkEnøgdéTeT[tCaeRcIn.
enAGaRhVikxageCIg eK:nRbyuTÆenAkñúgkareLamB&TÆd¾Evgrbs´kgT&B
GaLWmg´ nigGIutalIkñúgTIRbCMuCn Tobruk. sRtUvehABYkeKzaCa
´kNþúrzURbuk ´ BIeRBaHeKRtUvCab´erIxøÜnminrYc ehIybriePaKGaharGVIk*
edayEdleKGacrk:n. kgT&BGURsþalIRbyuTÆ nigenArs´kñúgsæan
PaBd¾twgEtgTaMgenH edayehtuenHeKTTYlykeQµaHenHsMrab´xøÜneK.
kareLamB&TæenHbgØajoeXIjza bursTaMgGs´enHmansµartIRbyuTÆ
rbs´yuTÆCnGñkCIkdIenAsRg<amelakelIkTImYy. BYkTahanxøÜnÉg
dwgzaeKrs´enAsMrab´TMen[mTMlab´d¾Gs©arümYyEdleKman.
eRkayeBlRbeTsCb¨uncab´epþImsRg<amrbs´eKenAtMbn´:¨suIhVik Cn
CatiGURsþalITaMgburs nigRsþIEdlbMerIkñúgkgT&B:nRtLb´mkRsuk
eTsvij. munnwgBYkeKGacRtLb´mkvij:n :¨BYrjÚh<Ien[caM:c´
RtUvTTYlkarkarBar. kic©kard¾sem|ImenH:nRbKl´oTahankñúgRkb
x&NÐ nigTahanekNÐekµg>Edlmin:nhVwkhat´oditdl´. eKRb
yuTÆnwgsRtUvenAkñúgéRBeRsag RBmTaMgelIpøÚvlMecatEbkPk´Edl
s<al´zaCapøÚvRkLikRkLúkenAkUkUda (Kokoda Track).. kgT&B
GURsþalI:nbJÄb´dMeNIrmkmuxénkgT&BCb¨un ehIypøÚvRkLikRkLúk
enAkUkUda k*:ncUlrYmCamYyqksmuRT Anzac Cove enA
Gallipoli CakEnøgeZVIZmµyaRtaénCnCatiGURsþalICaeRcInnak´.
karcgcaMrbs´GURsþalId¾exøacpSarmYyGMBIsRg<am KWGMBIkareZVI:bya¨g
sahavyg´XñgelIBYkbursTaMgenaHedayBYkkgT&BCb¨un. zVId|ItEt
TahanGURsþalICaeQøIysRg<amEmnBit eKxitxMRbwgERbgCYyemIlKña
eTAvijeTAmkNas´ ehIymannayTahanRbusRsIRbRBwtþcMeBaHKñaeTA
vijeTAmkedayPaBesµIrKña ehIymanCnCatiGURsþalICaeRcIn:nsøab´.
ézárMlwkcgcaMk*dUcCaBiZIbuNüCapøÚvkarénézá Anzac Day Edr ézácgcaMk*Caézá
EdlCnCatiGURsþalInwkeXIjGñkTaMgGs´enaHEdl:nbMerI nigsøab´
enAkñúgsRg<am. enAevlaema¨g 11 RBwk ézáTI 11 Exvicäika
‘ExTI 11’ ral´qñaM CnCatiGURsþalI:nQb´sRmakya¨gxøIedIm|I
rMlwkGMBIkarlHbg´rbs´burs nigRsþIEdl:nsøab´ ßQWcab´kñúg
sRg<am nigCemøaHk*dUcCacMeBaHGñkEdl:ncUlbMerIkñúgkic©karenH
Edr. enAézáenaH eyIgBak´rUbp,apubPIRkhm (poppy).
TahanrbYsenApøÚvRkLikRkLúkkUkUda :nCYyedayGñkEsgCnCati:¨BYr
p,apubPIRkhmRtUv:neRbICanimitþrUbénkarrMlwkcgcaM cab´taMgBI
sRg<amelakelIkTImYyrhUtmk.
enAeBlCb¨unyk:nmUldðanT&BGg´eKøsenAsaMgh<aBYr qñaM 1942
kgT&BGURsþalIcMnYn 15000 nak´ enAkñúgcMeNamGñkEdlRtUvcab´
:nCaeQøIy ehIyykeTAeZVIkarsagsg´pøÚvrzePøIgéz-PUma. KWkñúg
karsg´pøÚvrzePøIgéz-Puma enAeRkamCb¨un kñúgry;eBlsRg<amelak
elIkTI 2 enHehIy EdleQøIysRg<amGURsþalI nigGg´eKøsrab´Ban´
nak´:nsøab´.
kñúgeBlzµI>enH kgkmøaMgkarBarCatiGURsþalI:ncUlrYmkñúgCemøaHenA
TIm&rxagekIt GIura¨k´ s)Udg´ nigGah<anIsþg´ ehIy:nrYmcMENkkñúg
RbtibtþikarrkSasnþiPaB rbs´Gg<karshRbCaCatiCaeRcInkEnøgkñúg
BiPBelak rab´bJ©ÚlTaMgGaRhVik mCÄwmbUBa( nigPUmiPaKGasIu
:¨suIhVik.
EpñkTI 5 - RbvtþiénCnCatiGURsþalIrbs´eyIg 67
CnGenþaRbevsn¾CatiGWru¨bmkdl´RbeTsGURsþalI
elak Edward ‘Weary’ Dunlop ‘1907-1993’elak Edward ‘Weary’
Dunlop KWCaeBTüvHkat´d¾
køahan nigykcitþTukdak´
ehIyCavirbursGURsþalIkñúg
sRg<am.
kñúgsRg<amelakelIkTI 2 elak
Weary CaeBTüTahanEpñk
vHkat´. elak nigKñIKñaRbus>
rbs´elak RtUv:nTahanCb¨un
cab´CaeQøIy ehIyykeTARb
eTsPUmaeZVIkarsagsg´pøÚvrzePøIg
éz-Puma. enHKWCakic©kard¾yUr ehIyBi:kCaxøaMg.
kñúgfan;CaembJ¢akarrbs´eK elak Weary eLIgniyaykarBar
kUnecArbs´Kat´ nigkñúgnaméneBTüvHkat´rbs´BYkeK Kat´:ncMNay
eBlCaeRcInema¨geZVIoBYkeK:nCasHes|Iy. Kat´RtUveKeZVITaruNkmµ
kñúgCMruM k*b¨uEnþenAEtbnþbMerIkic©karTaMgrwgTTwg.
Kat´:nRtUvpþl´fan;CaGsSßTÆienAqñaM 1969 cMeBaHkarpþl´viPaKTan
rbs´Kat´kñúgvis&yevC¢saRsþ. enAeBlKat´søab´ manmnusScMnYn
10 000 nak´:nQrtRmg´CYrtampøÚvenARkugEm¨lb)n edIm|IeKatrB
buNüsBCapøÚvkarénvirbursEdleKehAza
´RKUeBTüvHkat´tamdgpøÚvrzePIøg ´ .
kareZVIGenþaRbevsn¾enAedImqñaM 1900 kñúgry;eBlrvagsRg<amelakelIkTImYy nigTIBIr l&k¡x&NÐdak´kMhit
cMeBaHkarcUlmkRbeTsGURsþalIenAEtman. eTaHCaya¨gNak*eday
mankarduHdalkñúgkareZVIGenþaRbevsn¾rbs´RbCaCn CaBiessmnusS
RbusmkBIGWru¨bxagt|Úg. eK:nnaMmkCamYynUvmuxCMnaj karGb´rM
nigtémøEpñkvb|Zm(rbs´eKpÞal´. eK:nCYyGPivD¿ósSahkmµCnbT
nigksagpøÚv nigpøÚvrzePøIg. CageZVIpÞHCatiGIutalI :neZVIviPaKTan
ya¨gsMxan´kñúgkarsagsg´GaKarsaZarN;rbs´eyIg nigkEnøg
sMrab´RbCaCnrs´enA.
enAcugqñaM 1930 GñkeP[sxøÜnCatiyUda (Jewish)cab´epþImmkBI
RbeTsGWru¨b. eKrt´eKcBIkarKMramkMEhgrbs´BykNasuIGaLWmg´.
BYkeKmkBIRbeTsGaLWmg´ GURTIs eqkUsøÚ½aKI hugh<arI nigb¨ULÚj.
mnusSCaeRcInCaGñkeP[sxøÜnEdlmankarGb´rM nigeTBüekaslüx¬s´
CaGñkEdl:npþl´viPaKTanya¨gsem|Imdl´CIvitvb|Zm(GURsþalI.
TahanGIutalIcMnYndb´R:MBIrBan´nak´ EdlRtUvcab´xøÜnkñúgsRg<am
elakelIkTIBIr RtUv:ndak´kñúgCMrMuGñkeTassRg<amkñúgRbeTsGURsþalI.
BYkeKRtUv:nRbRBwtþmkelIya¨gsmrmü.
BYkeKrs´enAkñúgCMrMuEtkñúgry;eBlxøIb¨ueNÑaH k*b¨uEnþeKdwger]gxøH>GMBI
TwkdI nigRbCaCn. enAeRkayeBlsRg<am mnuusSCaeRcIn:nRtLb´
mkRbeTsGURsþalIvij kñúgfan;CaCnGenþaRbevsn¾.
CneP[sxøÜneRkaysRg<am
enAeRkaysRg<am RbeTsGURsþalI:nnaMcUlCnGenþaRbevsn¾mkBI
RbeTsdéTeT[tBItMbn´GWru¨b edIm|IksagcMnYnRbCaCnokan´EteRcIn
eLIg. mnusSrab´lannak´:nrt´eKcBIBYkNasuIGaLWmg´ ßBMuGac
RtLb´eTARsukkMeNItvij edayeBlenaHRtUv:nkan´kab´eday
RbeTsru¨sSI. RbEhlCa 170000 énGñkCemø[sTaMgenaHRtUv:n
TTYlmkcUlkñúgRbeTsGURsþalI edIm|IksagCIvitzµI.
kñúgRbeTsGURsþalI k*mankarxVHxatmnusSeZVIBlkmµya¨gZán´Zárpg
Edr. rdðaPi:lGURsþalIeC]za karrIkduHdaléncMnYnRbCaCnrs´enA
KWCakarsMxan´sMrab´GnaKtrbs´RbeTsCati. CnGenþaRbevsn¾eBj
v&yEdlmansuxPaBlÁmanGayueRkam 45 qñaM GaceZVIdMeNIrmkkan´
RbeTsGURsþalIedaybg´ézø 10 epan ehIykUnecArbs´eKGaceZVIdMeNIr
mkCamYyedayesrI. eTaHCaya¨genHkþI sJ¢atienAEtRtUv:ndak´
kMhitTTYlykEtmnusSmkBIcRkPBGg´eKøs nigGWru¨beT.
edIm|IeZVIoRbeTsGURsþalImanskmµPaBrs´revIkeLIgvij rdðaPi:l
GURsþalIcab´epþImeZVIkarelIKMeragkard¾emaHmutenAqñaM 1949 edIm|ITb´
TwkenA Snowy River ‘sÞwgRBil’ enAmunTwkhUrZøak´eTAÉsmuRT
enAxagekItrdðvictUrIya¨. TwkTaMgenH:nRtUvbEgVrohUrZøak´eTAelIdI
kñúgtMbn´ sMrab´:cbJ©ÚlERscMkar nigedIm|IeRbIbeg,ItCazamBl
GK<IsnI.
enHKWCaKMeragkard¾ZMsem|Im EdlcMNayeBlcMnYn25qñaMedIm|IbMeBj
o:ncb´. manmnusScMnYn 70 PaKryénGñkeZVIkarkñúgKMeragenHKW
CaCnGenþaRbevsn¾.
PaBCaBlrdðGURsþalI; cMNgrYmrbs´eyIg68
KMeragkarTMnb´½arIGK<IsnIenAPñMRBil
KMeragkarPñMRBil (Snowy Mountains Scheme) KWCanimitþrUbsMxan´énGtþsJ¦aNGURsþalI CaRbeTsÉkraCüBhuvb|Zm( nigRbkbeTA
edayZnZan.
enHKWCaKMeragvisVkmµd¾ZMbMputkñúgRbeTsGURsþalI ehIyk*CaKMeragkarmYy kñúgcMeNamKMeragkar½arIGK<IsnIZMCageKkñúgBiPBelak.
KMeragkarenHpþl´TwkEdlsMxan´sMrab´ósSahkmµcMkarelIdIxagkñúgrdðjÚvesAEvl nigvictUrIya¨. sæanIyzamBlrbs´eK plitdl´eTA 10 PaKry
énGK<IsnITaMgGs´sMrab´rdðjÚvesAEvl.
manEt 2 PaKryénKMeragkarPñMRBilb¨ueNÑaH EdlemIleXIjenAelIdI. manTMnb´TwkZM>cMnYn 16 sæanIyzamBlcMnYn 7 sæanIysñb´ nigrUgpøÚv
RbEvg 225 KILÚEm¨Rt bMBg´bUmeRbg nigRbLayTwk.
kargarelIKMeragkar:ncab´epþImenAqñaM 1949 ehIy:ncb´enAqñaM 1974. mnusSCag 100000 nak´ mkBI 30 RbeTs:neZVIkarkñúgKMerag.
citsibPaKryénGñkeZVIkarTaMgenH KWCaCnGenþaRbevsn¾. eRkayeBlKMeragenH:nbMeBjrYcehIy GñkeZVIkarCatiGWru¨brs´enAkñúgRbeTsGURsþalI
CabnþeT[t eZVIviPaKTand¾mantémøcMeBaHsg<mBhuvb|Zm(rbs´RbeTsGURsþalI.
KMeragkarPñMRBilsæitenAelIóTüanCati Kosciuszko National Park rdðjÚvesAEvl. karb¨HBal´eTAelIbridðan:nRtUvBinitüemIlya¨gdit
dl´. enAkEnøgxøH KMeragkarnaMosÞwgRBilkñúgbc©úb|nñenHpÞúkTwkEt 1 PaKryénTwkEdl:npÞúkBImunmk.
edIm|Iobridðan:nlÁRbesIr rdðaPi:lrdðvictUrIya¨ nigjÚvesAEvl :nyl´RBmeZVIosÞwgmanTwkhUrdl´eTA 28 PaKryeLIgvij.
GñkeZVIkarenAkñúgKMeragPñMRBil
EpñkTI 5 - RbvtþiénCnCatiGURsþalIrbs´eyIg 69
karRbRBwtþeTAelICnCatiedIm
kñúgqñaM 1940 nig 1950 eKalkarN¾rbs´rdðaPi:lGURsþalIcMeBaH
RbCaCnGabUrICInI:nEkERb edIm|IeZVIoRCYtRCabcUlKñaEtmYy. enH
mann&yza CnCatiedImRtUveKR:b´ors´enAdUcBMuEmnCnCatiedIm.
kic©karenHBMuGaceZVIekIteT eRBaHRbCaCnGabUrICInIBMucg´o:t´bg´vb|
Zm(RbéBNIrbs´eKeT.
kñúgqñaM 1960 eKalkarN¾:nRtUvEkERbeTArkkardak´bJ©ÚlKña.
bursPaKeRcInTTYl:nsiTiÆe:HeqñatkñúgqñaM 1850 k*b¨uEnþsiTÆie:H
eqñatsMrab´kum¨µnEvl BMu:nRbKl´oCnCatiedImGURsþalIRKb´rUbeT
rhUtdl´qñaM 1962. CamYynwgkarrYmbJ©ÚlKña RbCaCnGabUrICInI
:nRtUvpþl´omanesrIPaB Epñksuivil k*bu¨EnþBYkeKenAEtRtUvcg´o
sRmbsRmYltamvb|Zm(EdlminEmnCaCnCatiedImGURsþalI.
karEkERbbEnæm:nekItmanenAqñaM 1967 enAeBlEdlCnCatiGURsþa
lIeRcInCag 90 PaKry:ne:HeqñateZVIkaryl´RBm ’:T/cas@ ´
edIm|IGnuJ¦atoCnCatiGabUrICInI:nrab´bJ©ÚlkñúgCMer]n. RbCamtienH
KWCaRBitþikarN¾sMxan´RbcaMRbvtþisaRsþ. eKbgØajoeXIjzamtiPaK
eRcInd¾elIslb´énCnCatiGURsþalIcg´ oCnCatiedImRtUv:nrab´
bJ©Úl nigosiTÆidUcmnusSRKb´rUbdéTeT[tEdr.
«riyabTebIkcMhrrbs´CnCatiGURsþalIenH nigkart½ad¾xøaMgkøarbs´
CnCatiGabUrICInIenAeBlenaH naMomaneKalkarN¾sMrab´karseRmc
citþedayCnCatiedImxøÜnÉgenAqñaM 1970. rdðaPi:lGURsþalITTYl
s<al´ nigyl´RbmzaCnCatiedImGURsþalIKYrEtmansiTÆiniyayedIm|I
karGPivD¿n¾neya:y esdÆkic©sg<mkic© nigvb|Zm(rbs´eKpÞal´.
kareZVIGenþaRbevsn¾ - karpøas´bþÚrbnþicmþg>
enAkñúgqñaM 1950 nig 1960 shKmn¾GasuIGñkkan´RKIsÞsasna
nigRkumsg<mkic©TaMgGs´:nt½aobJ©b´nUveKalkarN¾
´RbeTsGURsþalIénCnCatiEs|ks ´.
enAqñaM 1958 rdðaPi:lGURsþalI:ne:Hbg´ecalkarRbLgsresr
tamGan ehIyenAqñaM 1966 RbeTsGURsþalI:nebIkTVarcMhrsMrab´
kareZVIGenþaRbevsn¾rbs´CnCatiGasuIEdlmanmuxCMnaj nigCnCati
BMuEmnGWru¨bEdlRtUv:neKsMritsMraMug. enATIbJ©b´ CnCatiGURsþalI
RKb´kEnøgTTYls<al´nUvtémøénkarrab´bJ©ÚlRbCaCatiTaMgGs´ kñúg
kmµviZIénkareZVIGenþaRbevsn¾rbs´eyIg. ´RbeTsGURsþalIénCnCati
Es|ks ´:nRtUvcb´enAqñaM 1973 ehIyRbeTssæitenAelIpøÚveTAkan´
Bhuvb|Zm(niym.
enAqñaM 1973 rdðaPi:lGURsþalI:ndkecjnUvKuNsm|tþiEpñkCati
sasn¾sMrab´kareZVIGenþaRbevsn¾. enAqñaM 1975 eRkaysRg<amenA
ev[tNam RbeTsGURsþalI:nTTYlcMnYnCneP[sxøÜn nigCnGenþa
Rbevsn¾GasuIeRcInCageK.
RbCaCnTaMgenHPaKeRcInmkBIRbeTsev[tNam k*b¨uEnþCnGenþa
Rbevsn¾cin nig«eNÐ{k*:ncab´epþImmkdl´cMnYnya¨geRcInpgEdr.
cab´taMgBIqñaM 1975mk RbeTsGURsþalI:nTTYlCneP[sxøÜnmkBI
RbeTsEdlbMpøitpMpøajedaysarsRg<amrab´bJ©ÚlTaMg Bosnia
nig Herzegovina nigmkGMBIRbeTsenAmCÄwmbUBa( nigGaRhVik.
bc©úb|nñenH CnGenþaRbevsn¾rbs´eyIgmkGMBIRKb´TIkEnøgkñúgBiPB
elak.
RbeTsGURsþalI:nkøayeTACaRbCaCatiénRKb´TwkdITaMgGs´. KWCa
eCaKC&yd¾ZMmYykñúgBiPBelaksm&yzµI. cab´taMgBIqñaM 1945mk
manmnusScMnYn 6.5 lannak´:nmkdl´RbeTsGURsþalI. Cag 1
PaK 4 énCnCatiGURsþalI:nekItenAbreTs.
CnGenþaRbevsn¾:neRCIserIsmkRbeTsGURsþalI nigrYmcMENkkñúg
témørYmrbs´eyIg. eKdak´nUveRK]g:¨k´taMglMGrbEnæmeTAkñúgCIvit
GURsþalI.
kardak´bJ©Úl
bc©úb|nñenH RbeTsGURsþalIKWCasg<mBhuvb|Zm(EdlsiTÆirbs´buK<l
RKb´rUbkñúgkarGnuvtþn¾nUvCMen]rbs´eK ehIykareZVItamTMen[mTMlab´
vb|Zm(kñúgRkbx&NÐénc|ab´RtUv:neKarB ehIykarBar.
RbeTsGURsþalIbc©úb|nñmaneKalkarN¾dak´bJ©Úlya¨gskmµ Edl
mnusSRKb´rUbénRKb´sJ¢atimanGarmµN¾zaCaEpñkénsg<mrbs´eyIg.
eKalkarN¾enHcUlRCYtRCabRKb´PinPaKénvb|Zm(GURsþalI. enHKW
CaEpñkénkmµviZIGb´rMrbs´eyIgtaMgBIkumarPaBdMbUg rhUtdl´sakl
viTüal&y ehIy:nRtUvGnuvtþenAkñúgkEnøgeZVIkarrbs´eyIg nigenA
tamkic©bMerIEpñkósSahkmµ.
siTÆirbs´buK<lRKb´rUbRtUv:ncat´TukedayesµIPaB nigKµankarerIs
eGIg ehIyRtUv:nkarBaredayKN;kmµkarrkSasiTÆimnusSGURsþalI
nigTIPñak´garRbqaMgnwgkarerIseGIgenARKb´rdð nigEdndI. karRbkan´
BUCsasn¾RtUv:npþnÞaeTasCasaZarN; ehIyCabTóRkidðenAeRkam
c|ab´.
RbeTsGURsþalI:nkøayeTACasg<mBhuvb|Zm(énkarcuHsRmugKña nig
karGt´On. enHKWCaRbeTsEdlCnGenþaRbevsn¾CnCatiedIm nigGñk
ÉeT[tekItkñúgRbeTsGURsþalI GacGnuJ¦atoeZVItameKalbMNgrbs´
eKedaysnþiPaB. enHKWCaRbeTsEdlCemøaH nigkMhwgBIGtItkal
GacRtUvTukecalenABIxageRkay.
PaBCaBlrdðGURsþalI; cMNgrYmrbs´eyIg70
Albert Namatjira ‘1902-1959’
Albert Namatjira CaviciRt
krGURsþalId*eqñImmYyrUb CaGñk
beg,Itsalaer[nKMnUrEdlbnþ
rhUtmkdl´sBVézáenH.
kñúgPaBCabursv&yekµg
Arrernte, Albert :n
bgØajnUvGMeNayZmµCatixag
karpat´BN(.
Kat´mankarhVwkhat´RtwmRtUv
ya¨gbnþicbnþÜcbMput k*b¨uEnþkar
pat´BN(Twkrbs´Kat´GMBITICnbTGURsþalImanRbCaRbiyCaxøaMg ehIy
lk´dac´TaMgGs´ya¨gqab´rh&s.
Kat´ nigPriyarbs´Kat´CaCnCatiGabUrICInITImYykñúgRbeTsGURsþalI
EdlRtUv:nGnuJ¦atokøayCaBlrdð. enH:nn&yzaeKGace:H
eqñat cUleTAkñúgsNÆaKar nigsg´pÞHenAkEnøgNaEdleKeBjcitþ.
karcUlsJ¢atiGURsþalIrbs´ Albert :nbJ¢ak´oeXIjzakarBitKW
CnCatiGabUrICInIdéTeT[tBMumansiTÆiTaMgenHeT.
CIvitrbs´Kat´ :nbgØajeTAdl´mnusSEdlBMuEmnCaCnCatiedIm
GURsþalI o:neXIjBIPaBGyutþiZm(énc|ab´Rbkan´BUCsasn¾ ehIy
pþl´CaviPaKTanedIm|IomanEkERbsMrab´RbCaCnGabUrICInI.
Eddie Mabo ‘1936-1992’
Eddie Koiki Mabo
CaskmµCn nigCaGñknaMBakü
GMBIsiTiÆelITwkdIrbs´CnCatiedIm.
Murray Island ekItenAekaH
Murray elITwkdIRbéBNIén
Rkum Mabo. cab´BIGayuv&y
ekµg Kat´:nRtUvbgØat´odwg
ya¨gBitR:kdzaetIedImeQINa
mYy nigzµNamYyEdlKUs
bJ¢ak´BIRBMEdnTwkdIrbs´RKYsarKat´.
rhUtdl´eBleRcInqñaMeRkaymkeTIb:n Eddie dwgzaRsukkMeNIt
Kat´RtUv:ncat´TukCaTwkdIrdðenAeRkamc|ab´GURsþalI ehIyBMuEmnCa
TwkdIrbs´RKYsarKat´eT. Kat´:neZVIokMhwgrbs´Kat´ køayeTACa
skmµPaB ehIynaMykkrNIrbs´Kat´eLIgeTAtulakarkñúgnamén
RbCaCnekaH Murray.
eRkayeBlCaeRcInqñaMmkenAqñaM 1992 krNIrbs´ Eddie :nQñH
enAtulakarCan´x¬s´. esckþIsMercrbs´ Mabo :nseRmcCapøÚv
karzaRbsinebICnCatiedImGacbgØajPsþútagza eKmanTMnak´TMng
rvagRbvtþiRbéBNICamYynwgTwkdIrbs´eK ehIyTMnak´TMngenHenAEt
manCabnþ enaHeKGacTamTarkmµsiTÆénTwkdI:n ebIBMudUecñaHeTenaH
eKBMuGacTamTar:neLIy. karseRmcesckþIenH:nnaMomankarRb
Kl´kEnøgTwkdId¾ZMeTAom©as´edImeKvij.
Eddie Mabo RtUv:neKnwkeXIjcMeBaHesckþIkøahanrbs´Kat´
nigkarTTYl:nsiTÆelITwkdIsMrab´CnCatiedImGURsþalI.
evC¢bNÐit Victor Chang ‘1936-1991’ evC¢bNÐit Victor Chang KWCaRKUeBTüvHkat´ebHdUgd¾CMnajmYyrUbrbs´RbeTsGURsþalI.
elak Victor Peter Chang Yam Him ekItenARbeTscin enAqñaM 1936 ehIy:nmkrs´enAkñúg
RbeTsGURsþalI kñúgkalKat´manGayu 15 qñaM.
elakeZVIkarenAmnÞIreBTü St. Vincent’s Hospital enARkugsuIdnIy EdlenAqñaM 1984 Kat´:ner[bcM
mCÄmNÐlTImYykñúgRbeTsGURsþalIEdlmanÉkeTsxagkarpSaMebHdUg. kñúgqñaM 1986 elak Victor
Chang :nTTYlkarbMBak´emday Companion of the Order of Australia EdlCargVan´
GURsþalIx¬s´bMput.
elak Victor mankarRBYy:rmØGMBIkarxVHxatGñkeZVIGMeNayebHdUg edayehtuenHKat´k*cab´epþImbeg,ItebH
dUg sib|nimitþmYyEdlCitnwg:nsMerc enAeBlKat´RtUveKsmøab´ya¨gexøacpSaenAqñaM 1991.
mCÄmNÐlRsavRCavrukrkzµI:ner[bcMeLIgedIm|IrMlwkGMBIKat´. Kat´:nRtUveKnwkeXIjcMeBaHEpñkÉkeTs
suTidÆiniym nigKMnitzµIrbs´Kat´.
EpñkTI 5 - RbvtþiénCnCatiGURsþalIrbs´eyIg 71
CnCatiedIm - BIrTsvtSr¾énkarEkERbkart½arbs´CnCatiGabUrICI nigGMBIsiTiÆelITwkdIeZVIomankarcab´Ga
rmµN¾BIsMNak´saZarN;CnenAqñaM 1960 CamYynwgkUdkmµ
Gurindji enAksidðanciJ©wmstVBahn; Wave Hill kñúgEdndII
xageCIg. GñkciJ©wmstVCnCatiGabUrICInIdwknaMeday Vincent
Lingiari :nedIrecjBIkargarenAksidðanciJ©wmstV. kart½arbs´
eKKWGMBIkarR:k´eb[vtSr¾ nigl&k¡x&NÐkargar k*b¨uEnþRtLb´eTACakar
esñIsMusiTÆielITwkdIeTAvij. skmµPaBrbs´eK:nnaMpøÚvsMrab´o Eddie
Mabo nigGñkÉeT[tRbyuTÆedIm|IsiTiÆelITwkdIrbs´CnCatiedIm.
enAeRkamc|ab´siTÆiRKb´RKgelITwkdIGabUrICInI qñaM 1976 ‘EdndIxag
eCIg’ (Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act
1976) CnCatiGabUrICInIRtUv:nRbKl´TIkEnøgd¾ZMlVwgelVIyéntMbn´
qáaydac´RsyalGURsþalI. enAedImRKaqñaM 1990 karseRmcesckþI
kñúgkrNIer]g Mabo rbs´tulakarCan´x¬s´ nigc|ab´siTÆieZVICam©as´
TwkdItamedImkMeNItqñaM1993 (Native Title Act 1993) TTYl
s<al´zaCnCatiedImmankarTamTarcMeBaHTwkdI edayeyageTAelI
c|ab´RbéBNI nigTMen[mTMlab´rbs´xøÜneKpÞal´. bc©úb|nñenH RbCMudI
GURsþalICag 10 PaKry RtUv:nkarBaredaykarkMNt´énc|ab´m©as´
TwkdItamedImkMeNIt. TIenH PinPaKénsg<mRbéBNIenArs´ranenA
eLIy. vb|Zm(CnCatiedIm:nbnþlUtlas´ ehIyTTYlkarekat
sresIrya¨gZMeZgBIshKmn¾d¾ZMTUlay.
enAExósPa qñaM 1997 r:ykarN¾ ´naMBYkeKeTAlMenAdðanvij ´
:nRtUvelIkykmkBiPakSaenAkñúgrdðsPaGURsþalI. r:ykarN¾
KWCalTÆplénkarsYrBt(man GMBIkarykecjénkUnekµgGabUrICInI
nigGñkrs´enAelIekaH Torres Strait mYycMnYnZMBIRKYsarrbs´eK.
kUnekµgTaMgenHRtUv:neKs<al´za ´CMnan´mnusSEdleKlYccab´ ´
‘Stolen Generations’. edaysarlTÆplénr:ykarN¾enH
CnCatiGURsþalIrab´Ban´nak´ :nbgØajnUvkarKaMRTcMeBaHCnCatiedIm
GURsþalIEdlCaKñIKñarbs´´eK edaykaredIrEhrCak|ÜnCamYyKñaenA
´ézásMueTas ´ ‘Sorry Day’ CatielIkTImYyenAqñaM1998.
karsMueTascMeBaHCMnan´mnusSEdleKlYccab´ qñaM2008enAézáTI 13 ExkumÖ; qñaM 2008 naykrdðmRnþIGURsþalI:neZVIkarsMu
eTasCatienAkñúgrdðsPaGURsþalI cMeBaHCMnan´mnusSEdleKlYccab´.
elak:nniyaykñúgnaménCnCatiGURsþalITaMgGs´. elak:nniyay
suMeTascMeBaHreb[bEdlCnCatiedImGURsþalI RtUv:neKRbRBwtþþeTA
elIkalBIGtItkal. elak:nniyaysuMeTasCaBiesscMeBaHreb[b
EdlkUnekµgCnCatiedIm:nRtUveKykecjBIÓBukmþayrbs´xøÜn.
snÞrkzaenH:npSaytamsæanIyTUrTsSn¾ nigviTüú. CnCatiGURsþalI
rab´Ban´nak´RbmUlpþMúKñaenATsaZarN; nigkEnøgeZVIkarrbs´eKedIm|I
sþab´snÞrkzaGMBI ´karsuMeTas ´. snÞrkza:ner[brab´CapøÚvkarGMBI
PaBGyutþiZm(BIGtItkal nigkarsuMeTascMeBaHBYkeK. enHKWCaCMhan
d¾sMxan´mYyeq¬aHeTArkkarpSHpSarKñaCamYyCnCatiedIm ehIyedIm|Io
R:kdzaGMeBIGyutþiZm(TaMgenHnwgminRtUvekIteLIgeT[teLIy. snÞrk
zasuMeTas KWCaCMhaneTAmuxd¾sMxan´sMrab´CnCatiGURsþalIRKb´rUb.
ynþehaHsresrkñúglMhrGakasCaBakü ´suMeTas ´ enAelIRkugsuIdnIy
bc©úb|nñenH karpþl´viPaKTand¾mantémørbs´CnCatiedImcMeBaHGtþ
sJ¦aNGURsþalIRtUv:nTTYls<al´ nigGbGrsaTr. CnCatiGabUrI
CInI nigGñkrs´enAelIekaH Torres Strait kan´tMENgnaMmuxeKRKb´TI
kEnøgkñúgkgkmøaMgGURsþalI rab´bJ©ÚlTaMgRbB&nÆyutþiZm( neya:y
sil|; nigkILa. kmµviZI MARVIN CaKMnitzµIrbs´CnCatiGabUrICInII
kñúgrUbKMnUr CIvcledayxumBüÚeZIr :nQñHrgVan´CaeRcIn ehIyRtUv
:neRbIkñúgvis&yviTüasæanGb´rM nigmuxCMnYjkñúgbNþaCagémÖRbeTs
CMuvijBiPBelak.
esckþIsniñdðan
TMB&rTaMgenH:npþl´CUnelakGñko:neXIjRtYs>b¨ueNÑaH GMBIsac´
er]gRbeTsCatiGURsþalIrbs´eyIg. elakGñkGacdwgzakarecHdwgzµI
enH:nebIkcMhrkaryl´dwgrbs´elakGñkEpñkbridðan. elakGñk
Gaccab´epþImemIleTAelIézáExEdleKcarenABIelIGaKarcas´> ehIy
cab´epþImyl´enAkñúgGtæbTRbvtþisaRsþ. eBlNaelakGñkTTYlp,a
pubPI edIm|IBak´enAézáTI 11 Exvicäika elakGñknwgdwgzaenHKWsMrab´
rMlwkdl´burs nigRsþIbMerIkñúgkgT&Brbs´eyIgEdl:nsøab´. eBl
NaelakGñkCYbnwgCnCatiedImGURsþalI elakGñknwgTTYlGarmµN¾
zamanvb|Zm(CMnan´buraNEdldwknaMeK. eyIgsUmENnaMoelak
GñkBRgIknUvkardwgyl´rbs´elakGñk edaykareRbInUvZnZanRbcaM
tMbn´ nigtamry;kareZVIdMeNIr. kalNaelakGñkdwgkan´EteRcIn
enaHelakGñknwgkt´sm<al´eXIjkan´EteRcInpgEdr.
eyIgsUmsVaKmn¾elakGñkkñúgPaBeZVICaBlrdðGURsþalI ehIysUm
GeJ¢IjkarcUlrYmya¨geBjTMhwgrbs´elakGñk mkkñúgRbeTsRbCa
ZibetyüRbkbedaysnþiPaBrbs´eyIg.
PaBCaBlrdðGURsþalI; cMNgrYmrbs´eyIg72
snÞanuRkménEpñkEdlBuMykmkRbLgGK<rdðTUt
mnusSEdltMNagoRbeTs ßpSBVpSayskmµPaBNamYyoRbeTs
KN;kmµkar
mnusSmYyRkumEdlRtUv:neRCIserIssMrab´eZVIkarsMerc óTahrN¾ GMBIzaetIRtUvRKb´RKgRkumh)unya¨gdUcemþc
salaer[nmankEnøgsñak´GaRs&y
salaer[nEdlkUnsisSsñak´GaRs&y ehIyBMuRtLb´mkpÞHvijkñúgqmassikSaTaMgmUl
éRBeRsag
tMbn´CnbTGURsþalIEdlenAEtmansPaBCaZmµCati
ksidðanciJ©wmstVBahn;
TIcMkarZM>EdlhVÚgstVBahn;RtUv:neKciJ©wmsMrab´plitsac´eKa
ZmµnuJ¦
esckþIRbkaslaylk¡N¾GkSrCapøÚvkarGMBIsiTÆi nigkarTTYlxusRtUv
Rkum
RkummnusSEdlmanTMnak´TMngsac´Qam ßGaBah¾BiBah¾ EdlrYmcMENkelITwkdIdUcKña
mUldðanrYm
rYmcMENkkñúgEpñkEdleKcUlcitþ
TahanekNÐ
TahanEdlBMu:nsµ&RKcitþcUlbMerIkñúgkgT&B k*b¨uEnþRtUvEtcUlbMerIkñúgT&BenAeBlmansRg<am
TwkdIrdð
TwkdIEdlCakmµsiTÆrbs´rdðaPi:l
kmµviZI
emer[nsMrab´sikSa
Rketakya¨k
BMumanR:k´ ßBuMmanmeZüa:yedIm|IrkR:k´
óbkrN¾ePøg didgeridoo
eRK]gelgePøgmüa¨grbs´CnCatiGabUrICIGURsþalI eZVIGMBIkMNat´eQIEvgRbehagkñúg
PaByutþiZm(
Okassmehtupl ßesµIKñasMrab´CnRKb´rUbedIm|IeZVIo:nRbesIr
elgo:nsmrmü
karcUlrYmya¨glÁkñúgkarRbwgERbgCaRkumedayeKarBtamvin&y edIm|ICaKuNRbeyaCn¾dl´mnusSRKb´rUb nigkargarlÁkñúgRkum
burs nigRsþIbMerIkñúgkgT&BEdlsøab´
burs nigRsþIbMerIkñúgkgT&BEdlsøab´kñúgsRg<am ßsmrPUmi
beg,IteLIg
sagsg´ ßbeg,IteLIg
plitplkñúgRsuksrub
témøplitpl nigkic©bMerIEdleZVI:nenAkñúgRbeTskñúgmYyqñaM
cMhayekþA
ZatuGakasekþAxøaMgEdlekItmanry;eBlCagBIrézábnþbnÞab´Kña
GMeBIk|t´Catid¾Zán´Zár
elµIsbTóRkidðd¾Zán´Zár EdlTak´Tinnwgkarb¨unb¨gpþÜlrMlMrdðaPi:l
snÞanuRkménEpñkEdlBuMykmkRbLg 73
rUbKMnUrnimitþsJ¦aCnCatiedIm
sil|;EdlEbøkBIRbeTsd¾éT ehIyCatMNagoCnCatiedIm
RbCMudI
TIkEnøgéndI
RBwtþikarN¾sMxan´
ehtukarN¾sMxan´NamYykñúgRbvtþisaRsþ
siTÆieZVICam©as´TwkdItamedImkMeNIt
siTÆitamRbéBNI EdlCnCatiedImmanelIdI nigTwk EdlsMercesckþIenAkñúgRbB&nÆc|ab´GURsþalI
RbvtþiniTan
karniyayrMlwkrbs´RbCaCn GMBIGVIEdl:nekItmaneLIgBIGtItkal
GñkRtYsRtaymuneK
GñktaMglMenAdðanelIkdMbUg ßGñksMerceCaKC¥AézádMbUgénkartaMglMenAdðanGaNaniKm
tMNagEpñkneya:y
:neZVICatMNagedayGñkneya:ykñúgrdðsPa
TIbMrug
TIkEnøgdIEdlbMrugTukedayELk edayrdðaPi:lsMrab´RbCaCnGabUrICInIrs´enA
kardak´eTas
ry;eBlCab´eTasóRkidð edaykardak´TNÐkmµ
R:k´eb[vtSr¾Edl:nkMNt´Tuk
eZVIkarsMerczaetIRtUvbg´R:k´oGñkeZVIkarcMnYnb¨unµan cMeBaHkargarEdleK:neZVI
karEkTRmg´sg<m
kareZVIosg<m:nRbesIrbnþicmþg> CaCagkareZVIbdivtþn¾
buNüsBCapøÚvkar
buNüsBEdlbg´R:k´edayrdðaPi:l edIm|ICakitþiysdl´BlrdðEdl:npþl´viPaKTansMxan´dl´RbeTsCati
rbgcRmwgkarBar
r:MgkarBarCMuvijeZVIedaybeg<aleQI
GñkciJ©wmstV
bursEdleKCYledIm|IoEzTaMhVÚgstVBahn;
kUdkmµ
óTahrN¾ eBlNanieyaCitQb´eZVIkaredIm|IRbqaMgCMTas´nwgesckþIsMercrbs´nieyaCk
siTiÆe:Heqñat
siTÆedIm|Ie:HeqñatkñúgkareRCIstaMgsaZarN;
cUls|zsc©a
TTYlyl´RBmeZVIkarkñúgkariyal&ysaZarN; kñúgBiZICapøÚvkar
elIkykmkBiPakSa
RtUv:ndak´bgØajCapøÚvkaredIm|IBiPakSa ßyl´RBmenAkñúgrdðsPa óTahrN¾ r:ykarN¾RtUv:neKelIkykmk BiPakSa
kargar ßvNÑ;kñúgsg<m
vNÑ; ßedImkMeNIt kargar fan;kñúgsg<m
PaBCaBlrdðGURsþalI; cMNgrYmrbs´eyIg74
cMeBaHBt(manbEnæmPaBCaBlrdðGURsþalI
edIm|ITTYl:nBt(manbEnæm GMBIreb[bcUlCasBa¢atiGURsþalI sUmemIlviubrbs´PaBCaBlrdðGURsþalI (Australian citizenship) enARtg´
www.citizenship.gov.au.
RbeTsGURsþalI
elakGñkGacTTYl:nBt(manbEnæmeT[tGMBIRbeTsGURsþalI enAtambNÑal&yRbcaMtMbn´rbs´elakGñk. viubsaydUcteTAenHGacpþl´CUnBt(man
bEnæmeT[tpgEdr;
• RbeTsGURsþalIedayseg¡b (Australia in Brief) www.dfat.gov.au/aib
• pøÚvlMeTAkan´vb|Zm( nigkarkMsanþ (Culture and Recreation Portal) www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au
kmµviZI nigkic©bMerInanarbs´rdðaPi:lGURsþalI
elakGñkGacTTYlBt(manGMBIkmµviZI nigkic©bMerInanarbs´rdðaPi:lGURsþalI :nBIviubsay www.australia.gov.au.
smaCiksPashB&nÆ ßRBwTÆsPa
smaCiksPashB&nÆRbcaMtMbn´ ßRBwTÆsPaRbcaMrdð ßEdndIrbs´elakGñk manBt(manmYycMnYnGMBIIkmµviZI nigkic©bMerInanarbs´rdðaPi:lGURsþalI.
bJ¢IrayeQµaHsmaCiksPa nigRBwTÆsPaGacrkeXIjenAtamviubsay www.aph.gov.au.
Gg<karrdðaPi:lGURsþalI
elakGñkGacTTYlBt(manbEnæmeT[tGMBIGg<karrdðaPi:lGURsþalI Edl:neyagenAkñúges[vePAB&t(manenH enAtamviubsaydUcteTA;
• kgkmøaMgkarBarCatiGURsþalI (Australian Defence Force) www.defence.gov.au
• KN;kmµkarcat´Ecgkare:HeqñatGURsþalI (Australian Electoral Commission) www.aec.gov.au
• b¨UlIsshB&nÆGURsþalI (Australian Federal Police) www.afp.gov.au
• KN;kmµkarsiTÆimnusSGURsþalI (Australian Human Rights Commission) www.humanrights.gov.au
• KN;kmµkarkILaGURsþalI (Australian Sports Commission) www.ausport.gov.au
• RksYgBnÆdarGURsþalI (Australian Taxation Office) www.ato.gov.au
• kEnøgrMlwkviJ¦aNx&nÆyuTÆCnsøab´kñúgsRg<am (Australian War Memorial) www.awm.gov.au
• ZnaKarbMrugGURsþalI (Reserve Bank of Australia) www.rba.gov.au
cMeBaHBt(manbEnæm 75
Gg<kareRkArdðaPi:l
elakGñkGacTTYlBt(manbEnæmeT[tGMBIGg<karrdðaPi:lGURsþalI Edl:neyagenAkñúges[vePAB&t(manenH enAtamviubsaydUcteTA;
• mUlniZi Bradman GURsþalI (Bradman Foundation Australia) www.bradman.com.au
• Hamlin Fistula International www.fistulatrust.org
• kic©bMerIPUminÞevC¢bNÐittampøÚvGakasénRbeTsGURsþalI
(Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia) www.flyingdoctor.net
• salaer[ntamviTüúpSaysemøg (School of the Air) www.schoolair-p.schools.nsw.edu.au
• GaC\aZrTMnb´½arIGK<IsnIenAPñMRBil
(Snowy Mountains Hydro-Electric Authority) www.snowyhydro.com.au
• mUlniZi The Fred Hollows Foundation www.hollows.org.au
• mCÄmNÐlekrþi¾dMENlBiPBelak UNESCO (UNESCO World Heritage Centre) whc.unesco.org
• Gg<karshRbCaCati (United Nations) www.un.org
• viTüasæanRsavRCavCmáWebHdUg Victor Chang (Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute) www.victorchang.edu.au
• karbMerIsµ&RKcitþ GURsþalI (Volunteering Australia) www.volunteeringaustralia.org
viubsayÉeT[t
EsVgrkBt(manBIviubsaydUcteTAenH edIm|ITTYlykBt(maneRcInEzmeT[tGMBImuxRbZandUcteTAenH;
• rdðZmµnuBa¦RbeTsGURsþalI www.aph.gov.au/senate/general/constitution
• C&ylaPIsMrab´CnCatiGURsþalIRbcaMqñaM
(Australian of the Year Awards) www.australianoftheyear.org.au
• r:ykarN¾ ´naMBYkeKeTAlMenAdðanvij ´
‘Bringing them home’ www.humanrights.gov.au/social_justice/bth_report/index.html
• sYneQI nigTIbMrugshB&nÆ www.environment.gov.au/parks/index.html
• CnCatiGURsþalIEdll|IeQµaH;
vc©nanuRkmGURsalIénCatiGURsþalIEdll|IeQµaH;
vc©nanuRkmGURsalIénCIvRbvtþie:HBum¬pSaytamGiuneZINwt http://adbonline.anu.edu.au/adbonline.htm
• bBa¢IcuHGMBIc|ab´eRB[gzµI>Edl:nelIkeLIgenArdðsPa www.aph.gov.au/bills/index.htm
• rdðsPaGURsþalI www.aph.gov.au
• kic©bMerIGb´rMEpñkrdðsPa www.peo.gov.au
• ézábuNüsaZarN; www.australia.gov.au/topics/australian-facts-and figures/public-holidays
• karsuMeTaseTAkan´CMnan´mnusSEdleKlYccab´ www.abc.net.au/news/events/apology/text.htm
PaBCaBlrdðGURsþalI; cMNgrYmrbs´eyIg76
esckþIEzøgGMNrKuN
rUbPaBdUcteTAenH TTYl:nedaykareRCamERCgBImnÞIrrkSaÉksarCatiGURsþalI;
TMB&r 42- kUnekµgCiHec[mkmµelITwkdIrdðjÚvesAEvl - salaer[ntamviTüú rUbPaBztenAqñaM 1962 ‘Éksareyag; A1200:L42511’
TMB&r 51- buK<liklk¡N;- Dick Smith GK<naykénGaC\aZrEpñkGakascrN¾suIvil qñaM 1991 ‘Éksareyag; A6135:K23/5/91/1’
TMB&r 56- EpnTIRbeTsGURsþalIrbs´elak Tasman qñaM 1644 ‘Éksareyag; A1200:L13381’
TMB&r 59- rUbPaBRbvtþisaRsþénkarsÞúHsÞarkmaskñúgRbeTsGURsþalI qñaM 1851 ‘Éksareyag; A1200:L84868’
TMB&r 60- ´CnCatiGah<anIsþan ´ nigGUdÆrbs´eKeZVIkarenAelIdIxagkñúgRbeTsGURsþalI ‘Éksareyag; A6180:25/5/78/62’
TMB&r 67- buK<liklk¡N;- elak Edward ‘Weary’ Dunlop kñúgkariyal&yrbs´Kat´ qñaM 1986 ‘Éksareyag; A6180:1/9/86/12’
TMB&r 67- kareZVIGenþaRbevsn¾ - karmkdl´RbeTsGURsþalIénCnGenþaRbevsn¾ - Gñkkab´GMeBACnCatiGIutalIenAelI Flaminia
kñúgtMbn´ Cairns qñaM 1955 ‘Éksareyag; A12111:1/1955/4/97’
rUbPaBdUcteTAenH TTYl:nedaykareRCamERCgBIbNÑal&yCatiGURsþalI;TMB&r 18- :tukrRbmUlKñamksþab´GñkniyayenAkEnøgRbmUlpþMúKñaedIm|IRbqaMgsRg<ameZVIenA Garema Place, Civic, raCZanaEXneb)Ira¨Ç
ézáTI 15 ExkumÖ; qñaM 2003 ztrUbPaBeday Greg Power ‘Éksareyag; nla.pic-vn3063592’
TMB&r 44- rUbzt Judith Wright e:HBumÖpSayenAqñaM 1940 ‘Éksareyag; nla.pic-an29529596’
TMB&r 52- RsþI«NÐÚeNsIurak´Tak´cMeBaHbuK<likénkgkmøaMgkarBarCatiGURsþalI kñúgeBleZVIRbtibtþikarCYysRmalTuk¡ enA Aceh RbeTs«NÐÚeNsuI
eRkayeBlekItmhaBüúHsmuRTkalBIézáTI 30 ExZñÚ qñaM 2004 zteday Dan Hunt ‘Éksareyag; nla.pic-vn3510861’
TMB&r 56 - kgnavaTImYyenAqksmuRTsuIdnIy ézáTI 27 Exmkra qñaM 1788 beg,Iteday John Allcot qñaM 1888-1973
‘Éksareyag; nla.pic-an7891482’
TMB&r 57- rUbzt Caroline Chisholm e:HBumÖpSayeday Thomas Fairland qñaM 1804-1852‘Éksareyag; nla.pic-an9193363’
TMB&r 58- karRtLb´mkvijrbs´ Burke nig Wills eTAkan´GUr Coopers Creek beg,Iteday Nicholas Chevalier qñaM 1828-1902
ehIye:HBumÖpSayenAqñaM 1868 ‘Éksareyag; nla.pic-an2265463’
TMB&r 61- rUbzt Catherine Helen Spence e:HBumÖHpSayenAqñaM 1890 ‘Éksareyag; nla.pic-an14617296’
TMB&r 63- John Simpson Kirkpatrick nigstVlarbs´Kat´ Gallipoli qñaM 1915 ‘Éksareyag; nla.pic-an24601465’
TMB&r 65- rUbzt Charles Edward Kingsford Smith e:HBum¬pSayenArvagqñaM 1919 nig 1927
‘Éksareyag; nla.pic-vn3302805’
TMB&r 70- rUbzt Albert Namatjira enA Hermannsburg Mission EdndIxageCIg e:HBum¬pSayqñaM 1946 ßqñaM 1947
zteday Arthur Groom ‘Éksareyag; nla.pic-an23165034’
rUbPaBkEnøgek¼dMENlBiPBelakcMnYn 14 TTYl:nedaykareRCamERCgBIRksYgbridðan Twk ek¼dMENl nigsil|; nigmnusSdUcteTAenH;TMB&r 40- kEnøghVÚsuIlrbs´znikstVGURsþalIenArdðGURsþalI zteday Colin Totterdell
TMB&r 40- sYnóTüanCati Blue Mountains (Blue Mountains National Park) zteday Mark Mohell
TMB&r 40- ekaH Fraser Island zteday Shannon Muir
TMB&r 40 - tMbn´éRBRkas´ePø[geRcIn Gondwana Rainforests énRbeTsGURsþalI zteday Paul Candlin
TMB&r 40 - sYnóTüanCati Kakadu National Park zteday Sally Greenaway
TMB&r 40 - ekaH Lord Howe Island zteday Melinda Brouwer
esckþIEzøgGMNrKuN 77
TMB&r 40 - ekaH Macquarie Island zteday Melinda Brouwer
TMB&r 41 - sYnóTüanCati Purnululu National Park zteday Rod Hartvigsen
TMB&r 41 - Royal Exhibition Building nigsYnóTüan Carlton Gardens zteday Michelle McAulay
TMB&r 41 - qksmuRT Shark Bay zteday Kelly Mullen
TMB&r 41 - éRBrehafan Tasmanian Wilderness zteday Nicola Bryden
TMB&r 41 - sYnóTüanCati Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park zteday Andrew Hutchinson
TMB&r 41 - tMbn´RtUBikesIménrdðXVInEsøn zteday Colin Totterdell
TMB&r 41 - tMbn´bwg Willandra Lakes Region zteday Mark Mohell
rUbPaBdUcteTAenH:nTTYlkareRCamERCgBI iStockphoto:Rkbxagmux - Wattle, ©iStockphoto.com/Ressy (Éksareyag; 3322510)
TMB&r 14 - t|ÚgGUplexµArbs´GURsþalI ©iStockphoto.com/Alicat (Éksareyag; 8323912)
TMB&r 22 - mnÞIrrdðsPa ©iStockphoto.com/Tim Starkey (Éksareyag; 2256743)
TMB&r 22 - Gavel niges[vePA ©iStockphoto.com/Dem10 (Éksareyag; 2397687)
TMB&r 27 - rUbkak´hirJ¦vtæú ©iStockphoto.com/Robyn Mackenzie (Éksareyag; 2335549)
TMB&r 27 - karsresrrbs´evC¢bNÐit ©iStockphoto.com/Carlos Arranz (Éksareyag; 6498434)
TMB&r 38 - eqñrsmuRT Bondi Beach, ©iStockphoto.com/Edd Westmacott (Éksareyag; 3048786)
TMB&r 38 - Kings Canyon, ©iStockphoto.com/Francois Marclay (Éksareyag; 5733853)
TMB&r 51 - GñkTamTar:nvijelIkEnøgEr¨Edk ©iStockphoto.com/Christian Uhrig (Éksareyag; 9819736)
TMB&r 54 - cabuI Didgeridoos, ©iStockphoto.com/Adam Booth (Éksareyag; 834207)
TMB&r 55 - sil|;zµrbs´CnCatiGabUrICInI – Saratoga fish, ©iStockphoto.com/Alpen Gluehen (Éksareyag; 2761924)
rUbPaBdéTeT[tTaMgGs´:nTTYledaykareRCamERCgBIGg<kar nigmnusSdUcteTAenH;TMB&r 8 - edIm Spotted gums elIkRmalRkaldaMedayedImetñatmüa¨g enAsYnóTüanCati Murramarang National Park
rdðjÚvesAEvl zteday Dario Postai
TMB&r 20 - rUbPaBmnusSdak´snøwkeqñatrbs´eKeTAkñúghwbeqñat TTYl:nedaykareRCamERCgBIKN;kmµkarcat´Ecgkare:HeqñatrdðvictUrIya¨
TMB&r 24 - rUbPaBc|ab´rdðZmµnuJ¦énkumµ¨nEvlGURsþalI qñaM 1900; c|ab´cmøgBIc|ab´edIménkMNt´RtasaZarN; TTYl:nedaykareRCamERCgBI
karRbmUlTukCaGMeNay karRbmUlTukCasil|;énmnÞIrrdðsPa RksYgénkic©bMerIrdðsPa EXneb)Ira¨ ACT
TMB&r 27 - rUbPaBkUnekµgGg<úybnþbnÞab´Kña TTYl:nedaykareRCamERCgrbs´ Getty Images zteday Mel Yates
TMB&r 28 - rUbPaBtulakarCan´x¬s´ TTYl:nedaykareRCamERCgrbs´tulakarCan´x¬s´GURsþalI
TMB&r 40 - rUbPaBekaH Big Ben Heard Island TTYl:nedaykareRCamERCgBIkumµ¨nEvlénRbeTsGURsþalI Australian Antarctic Division
© Commonwealth of Australia zteday L. E. Large (ref:1892A2)
TMB&r 40 - rUbPaB Great Barrier Reef TTYl:nedaykarCYyeRCamERCgBIGaC\aZróTüanClsar
TMB&r 41 - rUb Sydney Opera House TTYl:nedaykareRCamERCgBITIRkugsuIdnIy zteday Patrick Bingham-Hall
PaBCaBlrdðGURsþalI; cMNgrYmrbs´eyIg78
esckþIEzøgGMNrKuNTMB&r 43 - rUbPaBsmaCikRkum:l´Tat´RsþICatiGURsþalI (Matildas) TTYl:nedaykareRCamERCgBIKN;kmµkarkILaGURsþalI
TMB&r 44 - rUbelak Donald Bradman TTYl:nedaykareRCamERCgrbs´sar;mnÞIr Bradman Museum of Cricket
elak Donald Bradman Bak´mYkkatibsMrab´´eZVIetsþGURsþalIrbs´Kat´ ehIyelgkñúgry;rdUvqñaM 1931-1932
TMB&r 45 - rUbPaBsaRsþacarü Fred Hollows TTYl:nedaykareRCamERCgBImUlniZi Fred Hollows ztrUbeday Frank Violi
TMB&r 50 - rUbPaBkar:j´kaMRCYcenAláacmunézábuNüRKIsÞma¨s´BIelIkMBg´EpsuIdnIy Sydney Harbour rUbPaBTTYl:nBIsalaRkugsIudnIy
TMB&r 52 - rUbPaBevC¢bNÐit Catherine Hamlin AC TTYl:nedaykareRCamERCgBImUlniZiCYysRmalTuk¡ Hamlin Fistula nigCMnYy (Hamlin Fistula Relief and Aid Fund)
TMB&r 61 - rUbelakm©as´ Lord Lamington EzøgeTAkan´hVÚgmnusSenAézáshB&nÆ Rkug Brisbane qñaM 1901 rUbPaBTTYl:nedaykar
eRCamERCgBIbNÑal&yrdðXVInEsøn zteday H.W. Mobsby (Éksareyag; 47417)
TMB&r 65 - rUbPaBs)ubenAcRg,an TTYl:nedaykareRCamERCgBIbNÑl&yrdðénjÚvesAEvl (Mitchell Library). kUnekµgsalaQrtRmg´CYr
KñaedIm|ITTYlkarEcks)ub nignMb&ugcMNit salardð Belmore North Public School ézáTI 2 ExsIha qñaM 1934
zteday Sam Hood (Éksareyag; H&A 4368)
TMB&r 66 - rUbPaBpøÚvRkLikRkLúkenApøÚvedIrkUkUda Kokoda Track TTYl:nedaykareRCamERCgBIkEnøgrMlwkviJ¦aNx&nÆyuTÆCnsøab´kñúg
sRg<amGURsþalI (Éksareyag; 014028)
TMB&r 66 - p,apubPIBN(RkhmenAkEnøgrMlwkviJ¦aNx&nÆyuTÆCnsøab´kñúgsRg<amGURsþalI zteday Torie Brims
TMB&r 70 - rUbPaBevC¢bNÐit Victor Chang :nTTYl:nedaykareRCamERCgBIviTüasæanRsavRCavEpñkCmáWebHdUg
TMB&r 70 - rUb Eddie Mabo plitCazµIeLIgvijtamkarGnuJ¦atrbs´ Bernita nig Gail Mabo