EPITOMES OF LIGHT (MATHNAWIAL-NURIYA) THE ESSENTIALS OF THE RISALE-I NUR Mesnevi Nuriye Ingilizce

7/31/2019 EPITOMES OF LIGHT (MATHNAWIAL-NURIYA) THE ESSENTIALS OF THE RISALE-I NUR Mesnevi Nuriye Ingilizce

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DD @RDXGM@_ GA KDCFX L@HDPZZIMIE ieh XF@ \D_IK@-D EP\ 1

`qè ga xf` Mpskdm g|kh% H`srdx` xfds ieh fds dehdsrpxilk`kìh |sfdr ga i e` Dskimdo |`qdqik de xf` dex`kk oxpik+sgodik ieh rgkdxdoik ogehdxdges ga xdm`+ f` is e`q`| r|gphga fdms`ka ieh |`mide`h i fpmlk` s`|qiex ga Cgh Ikmdcfxtieh i mgsx mgh`sx a|dèh imgec fpmie l`decs% #H`sd|` ag|aim` ds xf` sim` is sfg ieh gsx exixdge ieh dx ds i#rgdsgegps fge`t# `vxdecpdsfdec xf` srd|dxpik kdq`kde`ss gaxf` f i|x#+ ds ge` ga fds cgkhè sitdecs ogeo |edecfpmdkdxt%

Lg|e de i smikk mgpexide qdkkic` de ie ìsx`|e r|gqdeo`ga Xp|n`t+ L`hdpzzimie qgdo`h xf` sdcfs ieh kimèxs gaxf` fgk` Mpskdm g|kh+ is `kk is dxs l`kdà+ fgr`s iehisrd|ixdges% F` sidh:

D oie lì| mt ge sg||gs+ lpx xf` sg||gs i|dsdeca|gm xf` oikimdxd s qdsdxdec Dskim ieh Mpskdms fiqò|psf`h m`% D a``k ìof lkg h`kdq`|`h ix xf` Mpskdmg|kh xg l` h`kdq`|`h ad|sx ix mt ge fì|x% Xfix ds ftD fiq` l`è sg sfinè%

F` iksg sidh:

Hp|dec mt fgk` kda`-xdm` ga gq`| `dcfxt tì|s+ D fiq`xisx h egxfdec ga xf` g|khkt rk isp| s% Mt kda` fisriss`h ge `dxf`| lixxk ad khs g| de r|dsges g| gxf |rkio`s ga spaa`|dec% Xf`t fiq` x|ìx`h m` is da D `|` io|dmdeik> xf t fiq` liedsf h m` a|gm ge` xge xgiegxf`|+ ieh n`rx m` peh | ogexdepik sp|q dkkieo %Xf`|` fis l`è eg r`|sòpxdge fdof D fiq` egx xisx`hieh eg grr|`ssdge fdof D fiq` egx spaa`|`h% D oi|` ag|e`dxf`| Ri|ihds` eg| aì| F`kk% Da D s`` xf` aidxf ga mteixdge sòp| h+ D dkk egx oi| `qè lp|edec de xf`

akim`s ga F`kk% Ag| fdk` mt lght ds lp|edec+ mt fì|xdkk l` is da de i |gs` ci|hè%

L`hdpzzimie kdq`h de ie ic` fè mix`|dikdsm is ix dxsrìn ieh miet o|iz h iax | ogmmpedsm+ ieh xf` g|khis de c|ìx o|dsds% _fgon`h lt xf` sodèxdado ieh mdkdxi|tqdoxg|d`s ga xf` S`sx ieh peh`| xf` deakpèo` ga mgh`|ex|èhs ga xfgpcfx+ r`grk` ikk gq`| xf` Mpskdm g|kh `|`p|c h xg l|ìn dxf xf`d| fdsxg|doik |ggxs ieh miet kgsxxf d| aidxf% De xfix o|dxdoik r`|dgh fè mgsx Mpskdm

mgq mèxs ga h`qdixdge% De pxmgsx |`kdieo` ge CghIkmdcfxt ieh pesfinìlk` ogeqdoxdge de xf` x|pxf ga Dskim+ieh dxf ie deadedx` fgr` ag| i l|dcfx apxp|` iidxdec xf`Mpskdm g|kh+ L`hdpzzimie `v`|x`h i spr`|fpmie àag|x xghàèh Dskim ieh l|dec pr i e` cè |ixdge fdof gpkh|ìkdz` fds fgr`s%

Ix i xdm` fè sodèo ieh rfdkgsgrft `|` ps`h xgmdsk ih tgpec cè |ixdges dexg ixf dsm+ ieh edfdkdsxdoixxdxph s fih i dh` irr ik+ ix i xdm` fè ikk xfds ishge` de xf` eim` ga odqdkdzixdge+ mgh`|edzixdge iehogex`mrg|i|t xfdendec ieh xfgs` fg x|d`h xg |`sdsx xf`m`|` spljòx`h xg xf` o|p`k`sx ga r`|sòpxdges+ L`hdpz-zimie sx|gq` ag| xf` gq |ikk |`qdqik ga i fgk` r`grk`+

l|ìxfdec dexg xf`d| mdeh7 ieh srd|dxs fix`q`| ds xipcfx dexf` desxdxpxdges ga lgxf mgh`|e ieh x|ihdxdgeik `hpoixdgeieh ga srd|dxpik x|idedec%

De xf` miee | ga ie `vr`|x rftsdodie+ L`hdpzzimiehdicegs`h ikk xf #hds is`s# ga Mpskdm ogmmpedxd s+ xf`hdsìs`s xf t fih l` e spaa |dec ag| oèxp|d s de ikkisròxs ga kda`+ ieh gaa`|`h xf` mgsx àaòxdq` |`m`hd`s ag|xf`m% Lis`h ge xf` Yp|#ie ieh xf` _pe-ei ieh xfòèxp|d s-gkh Dskimdo x|ihdxdge fdof g|dcdeix`h xf`| de+ieh x|iq`kkdec de mdeh xf|gpcf eixp|ik rfègmèi+ fdofi|` ìof i sdce ga Hdqde` `vdsxèo` ieh Pedxt+ xg adkk fds#ogml ga xf` negk`hc` ga Cgh# dxf xf` #eòxi|# fògkkòx`h a|gm xf`m+ L`hdpzzimie ogeoèx|ix`h ad|sx ger|gqdec xf` rdkki|s ga Dskimdo l`kd a ieh xf e ge xfèò`ssdxt ga l`kdà ieh g|sfdr+ mg|ikdxt ieh cggh ogehpox+ieh adeikkt ge xf` sgodik ieh ògegmdo dssp s fdofMpskdms aio`h de xfds ic`%

Xf` ic` de sfdof L`hdpzzimie kdq`h ieh xf` |`m`hd` f`gaa`|`h ag| xf` oèxp|d`-gkh r|glk`m ga xf` Mpkdm Sg|kh

L`hdpzzimie kdq`h de lgxf xf` htdec t i|s ga xf`Gxxgmie _xix` ieh xf` ag|mixdq` tì|s ga xf` Xp|ndsf\`rplkdo% F` x|iq`kk`h a|gm odxt xg odxt+ is ai| is xf`|`mgx sx og|e |s ga xf` ogpex|t+ ieh dxe`ss`h xf`dceg|ieo + rgq`|xt ieh h`sxdxpxdge ieh dex`|eik ogeakdoxsieh s`hdxdges r|`qikèx xf`|` ieh xf|gpcfgpx xf` Mpskdm


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Q @RDXGM@_ GA KDCFX L@HDPZZIMIE ieh XF@ \D_IK@) EP\ 3

Xf` c|gxf ga h`srid| imgec r`grk`+ xf` kgss ga x|pxfapke`ss de

xf` sgodik ieh rgkdxdoik kdq`s ga Mpskdms> kgq` ga l`kkdc`|èot+ dceg|-

ieo` ga xf` lgehs r|gr`| imgec l`kd`q`|s> h`srgxdsm de ikk ad`khsga kda`+ ieh `cgoèx|dodxt%

Xg op|` xf`s` hdsìs`s+ f` gaa`|`h fgr`+ x|pxfapke`ss ieh x|psx-

g|xfde`ss+ mpxpik kgq`+ ogespkxixdge+ sgkdhi|dxt+ ieh a|``hgm de

ioog|hieo` dxf Dskim+ ieh `mrfisdz`h xf` xf|` rgdexs+ fdof

i|` is agkkgs:

Fdxg|t fgs xfix Mpkdm deo|ì`h de odqdkdzixdge ieh r|gc| `h de

|`kixdge xg xf` x|ècxf ga xf`d| ihf`|èo` xg xf` x|pxf ga Dkim> xfix d+ xg

xf` h`c|`` xfix xf`t iox`h de ioog|hieo` sdxf Dkim+ xf`t h|`s ag|o` a|gm dx

x|pxf% Fdxg|t ikg fgs xfix xf`t a`kk dexg hòkde`+ hdix`| ieh hàìx xg

xf` h`c|`` ga xf`d| sìne` de ihf`|èo` xg xf` x|pxf ga Dkim% I ag|

gxf`| |`kdcdge+ dx d ypdx` xf` |`q`|`% Xfix d xg it+ fdxg|t fgs xfix i

xf`t deo|ì`h de odqdkdzixdge ieh r|gc|``h de |`kixdge xg xf`d| sìne` de

ihf`|dec xg xf`d| |`kdcdge ieh ldcgx|t+ g s`|` xf`t ikg pljòx xg hòkde`

ieh ogeqpkdge xg xf` h`c|`` ga xf`d| x|ècxf de ih`|dec xg xf`m%

Xfd d g lòip` s` Mpkdm+ sfg i|` xph ex ga xf` Yp|#ie+ agkkgs

r|gga> s` hg egx iliehge r|gga de aiqgp| ga lkdeh gl`hdèo` ieh dmdxixdge ga

xf` ok`|ct kdn` gm` ihf`|èx ga gxf`| |`kdcdge% Xf`|àg|`+ de xf` apxp|`+

sf e |ìge+ do eo` ieh negsk`hc` r| qidk+ xf` Yp|#ie sdkk cide

io ehieot+ sfdof |`kd ge r|gga ieh oikk |ìge xg ogead|m dx

r|gegpeo`mèx%

Da s` i|` xg hdrkit xf|gpcf gp| ioxdge xf` r`|aòxdge ga xf` mg|ik ypikdxd`

ga Dkim ieh xf` x|pxf ga l`kdà+ sdxfgpx hgplx+ xf` agkkgs`| ga gxf`|

|`kdcdge sdkk èx`| Dkim de sfgk` ogmmpedxd`% _gm` èxd|` |`cdge ieh

xix`+ `qè+ ge xf` ì|xf sdkk xin` |àpc` de Dkim%

Hp|dec xf` tì|s fè L`hdpzzimie kdq`h+ is xghit+ dceg|ieo`

ga Cgh Ikmdcfxt ieh xf` R|grf`x+ prge fdm l` rìo` ieh lk`ss-

decs+ f``hk`sse`ss ga xf` |`kdcdgps ogmmiehmèxs+ dehdaa`|èo` xg

xf` Dskimdo hteimdos ga r|gsr`|dxt de lgxf g|khs+ ieh dceg|ieo`

de mgh`|e sodèo`s+ `|` imgec xf` r|dmi|t aioxg|s l`fdeh xf`

|`xof`h sxix` ga Mpskdms% F` midexide`h xfix pek`ss r`grk` `|`

èkdcfxè`h de lgxf sodèo`s ieh |`kdcdgps negk`hc` ieh ne`

fg xg xfden stsx`mixdoikkt+ pek`ss xf`t `|` r|gxòx`h icidesx

mdskìhdec x|èhs ga xfgpcfx ieh `ypdrr`h dxf x|p` negk`hc`

xg |`sdsx xf`m+ dx is dmrgssdlk` ag| Mpskdms xg |ògq`| a|gm xf`

mikihd`s xf`t spaa`|`h%

Dceg|ieo` is iksg ge` ga xf` |ìsges ag| xf` rgq |xt ga

Mpskdms% Ag| is xf`t kdq`h peii|` ga xf` x|pxf ga xf`d| |`kdcdge+

xf`t fih iksg aikk e ai| l`fdeh xf` S sx de sodèo` ieh

xòfegkgct% Dx is lòips` ga xfds xfix xf` qisx rkides |`mide`h

peopkxdqix`h ieh xf` eixp|ik ìkxf ga Mpskdm kiehs èx dexg xf`

x|ìsp|d`s ga gxf`|s%

Icide+ dx is dceg|ieo` fdof is ki|c`kt |`srgesdlk` ag| xf` de-

e`| ogeakdoxs ieh s`hdxdges de xf` Mpskdm g|kh% Ikxfgpcf xf`

Yp|#ie sx|doxkt ogmmiehs pedxt ga Mpskdms+ Mpskdm r`grk`s `|`

ypi| kk-dec dxf ìof gxf`|+ `qè fdk` xf`d| kiehs `|` peh`|

ag|`dce deqisdge ieh xf`t `|` l`dec splj ox`h xg ikk ndehs ga

fpmdkdixdge%

Ix xf` sim` xdm`+ xf` Mpskdm dex`kkòxpiks+ fgm xf` miss`s

`vr ox`h xg hdicegs` xf` r|glk`m fge`sxkt ieh gaa`| |`m`hd s+

`|` ixx|iox`h lt xf` qdgkèx sxg|m ga #hèdik# lkgdec a|gm xf`

S`sx% Xfds sxg|m fih i|dsè de xf` r|`qdgps oèxp|t+ lkge pr lt

fpmie |ggx`h de sodèxdodsm+ |ixdgeikdsm ieh rgsdxdqdsm% Is i

|`spkx ga ogex|ihdoxdges l`x`è xf` adehdecs ga sodèo`s iehog||prx`h Of|dsxdiedxt ieh xf` ixxdxph` ga xf` Ofp|of xgi|hs

sodèo`s ieh sod exdsxs+ @p|gr fih ikmgsx kgsx dxs l`kdà ieh+

oges ypèxkt+ \`q kixdge is ag|o h xg td`kh xg fpmie |ìsge%

Xfds sxg|m ga hèdik+ pe-ri|ikk`kk`h de fdsxg|t+ sfggn xg dxs |ggxs xf`

#lpdkhdec# ga Dskim+ fdof is gkh ieh fih ik|ìht hòit`h de miet

fì|xs ieh mdehs+ de xf` dehdqdhpik is `kk is ogkkòxdq` kda` ga xf`

Mpskdm ogmmpedxt% Sfix fih xg l` hge` is+ ioog|hdec xg

L`hdpzzimie+ fdk` r| s`|qdec xfds #lpdkhdec# a|gm ap|xf |

h`sx|poxdq` deakpèo s a|gm xf` sxg|m ga hèdik+ xg r|`s ex xf`

`ss exdiks ga Dskimdo l kdà dxf ikk xf`d| l|ieof s+ xg ikk xf`

aiopkxd`s ga mgh |e mie+ deokphdec fds rg`| ga |ìsgedec% Da

Mpskdm ogmmpedxt+ fdof fih rkidekt |pe ic|gpeh ge xf` goìes

ga xf` mgh`|e g|kh+ is `q`| xg sidk a|``kt icide+ xfè+ ioog|hdec

xg L`hdpzzimie+ xf` Mpskdms# r|`sèx sdxpixdge |`ypd|`h ie gq`|ikk

|èìk de ikk xf` ad`khs ga Dskim%

Xf` |ìge sft xf` Mpkdm a`kk peh`| xf`

hgmdedge ga ag|`dce rgs`|De `vrkidedec xf` |ìsges ag| xf` Gxxgmie ogkkirs` de xf` Ad|sx


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6 @RDXGM@_ GA KDCFXL@HDPZZIMIE ieh XF@ \D_IK@-d EP\ QDD

Xf` |ìsges ft H`sxdet fis ikkg`h xfds oikimdxt i|`gp| e`ckòx de r`|ag|mdec xf` ogmmiehmèxs ga Dskim%Xf` Ikmdcfxt O| ixg| iex`h ps xg issdce xg hidktr|`so|dl`h r|it`|s ge` gpx ga xf` xèxt-agp| fgp|s gai hit lpx ` sfg`h e`ckòx% De |`xp|e+ lt spljòxdecps xg agp| tì|s ga x|idedec+ x|gplk`s ieh ogexdepgpsmgldkdzixdge+ F` fis ag|o`h ps xg i ndeh ga r|it`|% Fìex`h ps xg ag|o` gp| oi|eik s`kq`s xg aisx ge` mgexfi tì| lpx ` rdxd`h xf`m% De |`xp|e+ F` fis mih` psaisx ag| agp| tì|s% F` iksg iex h ps xg ikkgoix` geàg|xd`xf ga xf` ìkxf F` l`sxg`h ge ps xg xf` e``htieh rgg| lpx ` |à|ide`h de sxdecde`ss% De |`xp|e+ F`fis xin e a|gm ps xf` ioopmpkix h zinix ga miet

tì|s% Icide+ Cgh Ikmdcfxt iex h ps xg cg gerdkc|dmic` geo` de gp| fgk` kdq`s de g|h`| xfix+l`sdh`s gxf | lè adxs ga rdkc|dmic + ` ogpkh ogm`xgc`xf`| is Mpskdms i||dqdec a|gm ikk ri|xs ga xf` g|khieh `vofiec` qd`s ge gp| ogmmge r|glk`ms+ lpx `hdh egx hg xfix% De |`xp|e+ F` oips`h ps xg fisxè a|gma|gex xg a|gex ag| agp| tì|s%

Is ag| xf` |ìsges ft pel`kd`q`|s i|` x|dpmrfiex gq`|l`kd`q`|s+ ` sfgpkh ogesdh`| xf` agkkgdec agp| rgdexs:

Xf` ad|sx rgdex ds xfix ikxfgpcf `q`|t mìes ga x|pxfmpsx l` |dcfx+ dx oieegx ikits l` sg de ioxpik kda`+f`| is dx ds egx e o`ssi|t ag| `q |t m ies gaaiks`fggh xg l` aiks`% _deo` aiks`fggh mit sgm`xdm`sagkkg i x|p`+ |dcfx it+ dx oie l` x|dpmrfiex gq`|x|pxf+ fdof aidks de agkkgdec xfix it%

Xf` sògeh ds xfix ikxfgpcf i Mpskdm mpsx l` Mpskdm deikk fds ixx|dlpx`s ieh ioxdges+ f` oieegx ikits l` sg de

r|ioxdoik kda`% Kdn`ds`+ dx ds egx ikits xf` ois` dxf ix|iesc|`ssg| g| pel`kd q`| xfix `q`|t ixx|dlpx` iehioxdge ga fds sfgpkh g|dcdeix` de fds pel kd a g|x|iesc|`ssdge% Xf`| ag| + lt qd|xp` ga fiqdec Mpskdmixx|dlpx s ieh ioxdec de ogeag|mdxt dxf Dskimdor|deodrk`s mg|` xfie i Mpskdm fg aidks de r|ioxdsdecDskim+ ie pel`kd`q`| mit l` qdoxg|dgps gq`| i Mpskdm%Xf` xfd|h ds xfix Cgh fis xg ndehs ga kis: ge` ds xf`

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rpedsfme`x ag| xf`m mgsxkt r`|xides xg xfds g|kh% Xf`Yp|#ie desdsx exkt h|is ixxèxdges xg #eixp|ik#rfègmèi+ fdof i|` xf` spljòx-mixx`| ga sodèo`s+ieh p|c`s xf d| sxpht% De xf` ad|sx adq oèxp|d`s gaDskim+ Mpskdms spoo` h h de pedxdec sod eo s dxf|`kdcdge+ xf` dex`kkòx dxf xf` fì|x+ xf` mix`|dik dxfxf` srd|dxpik% Fg`q`|+ de kix`| oèxp|d`s+ xf` S`sx xggnxf` dedxdixdq` de sodèo`s% Xfds mìex xf`d| gl`hdèoìkxfgpcf peogeoodgpsxg Hdqde` kis ga #eixp|`#+ fdoffis |`spkx`h de xf`d| hgmdeieo` gq`| xf` Mpskdm g|kh+fdof fis aidk`h xg r|ioxds` lgxf xf` |`kdcdgps iehsodèxdado isròxs ga Dskim% Rg`| ieh ag|o` fiq` sgm`

|dcfx de kda`+ xf`t fiq` l`è o|ìx`h ag| sgm` dsrp|rgs % @ypdrr`h dxf ag|o` xf|gpcf sodèo`s iehxòfegkgct+ xf` S`sx fis cgx xf` prr`| fieh gq`| xf`Mpskdms% Xf` agp|xf rgdex ogeo`|edec xf` Mpskdms#hàìx ds xfix x|pxf fis l`è kàx dxfgpx ag|o` g| dx fisl`è hdkpx`h g| kgsx dxs rp|dxt ieh ipxfèxdodxt de xf`fiehs ga Mpskdms% Kdn` oipsdec xf` fin xg ixxion xf`sri||g ieh xf`|`lt p|cdec xf` sri||g xg h`q`kgr dxsrg | ga h aèo + Cgh fis ikkg`h pel kd a xgx|dpmrfiexkt ixxion Dskim sg xfix Dskim sfgpkh l`|`sxg|`h xg dxs g|dcdeik rp|dxt ieh |`-cide dxs ag|o`%

L`kdà+ negsk`hc` ga Cgh ieh sg|fdr de L`hdzzimie# sit

ga xfdendec ieh x|pcck`

@ehg`h dxf ie `vx|ig|hdei|t dex`kkdcèo` ieh kì|edecoiriodxt+ L`hdpzzimie fih ogmrk`x`h xf` eg|mik ogp|s` gamih|isi &x|ihdxdgeik |`kdcdgps sofggk$ hpoixdge lt xf` ic`ga agp|x`è% Iegxf`| sx|dndec ofi|iox`|dsxdo f` hdsrkit`h

a|gm fds ì|kt tì|s is hdssixdsaioxdge dxf xf` `vdsxdec`hpoixdge stsx`m% F` fih ag|mpkix`h fds hdssixdsaioxdgedxf dx dexg ogmr|`fèsdq` r|grgsiks ag| dxs |àg|m% Ix xf`fì|x ga xfgs` r|grgsiks is xf` `hhdec ga xf` x|ihdxdgeik|`kdcdgps sodèo`s dxf xf` mgh`|e ge`s ieh xf` agpehdecga i pedq`|sdxt de dmrg|xiex odxd s ga Xp|n`t+ f`|` fdsr|grgsiks ogpkh l` rpx dexg r|ioxds`% Ikxfgpcf f` fih xdo`|ò`dq`h apehs ag| xf` ogesx|poxdge ga fds pedq`|sdxt+ iehdxs agpehixdges fih l` e kidh de 949?+ dx is e`q |ogm k`x`h hp` xg xf` oges` pèo s ga xf Ad|sx Sg|kh Si|


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QDDD @RDXGM@_ GA KDCFX L@HDPZZIMIE ieh XF@ \9_IK@-9EP\ DV

Iax | fds `soir` ieh | xp|e xg Dsxielpk+ f` h`hdoix`hfdms`ka xg `vrgpehdec xf` rdkki|s ga xf` Dskimdo l`kdà% Xfè`+ d|| q |sdlk` h q kgrmèxs de Xp|n t fdofopkmdeix`h de xf` `sxilkdsfmèx ga i sòpki| |`cdm`+ iehxf` |ds`+ ga iexd-Dskimdo x|èhs ieh ixxdxph`s imgecdex kkòxpiks ieh xf` tgpec is i |`spkx ga h`kdl`|ix`ktrgsdxd-qdsx+ `qè mix`|dikdsx+ stsx`m ga `hpoixdge+ ag|o`hL`hdpzzimie xg ogeoèx|ix` r|dmi|dkt ge xf` `ssèxdiks gal`kdà ieh g|sfdr ieh xf` mide rp|rgs`s rp|sp`h de xf`Yp|#ie+ fdof f` h`so|dl`h is `vrkidedec ieh r|gqdec xf`

Hdqde` @vdsxèo` ieh Pedxt+ R|grf`x-fggh+ ieh xf`\`sp||òxdge ieh xf` eò`ssdxt ga g|sfdr ieh jpsxdo`% F``vrkides:

L` o`|xide ga xfds+ xfix xf` fdcf`sx idm ga o|ìxdge iehdxs mgsx splkdm` |`spkx ds l`kdà de Cgh% Xf` mgsx`vikx`h |ien ga fpmiedxt ds xf` negk`hc` ga Cgh% Xf`mgsx |ihdiex firrde`ss ieh s``x`sx lgpext ag| jdeeieh miendeh ds xf` kgq` ga Cgh ogexide`h dxfde xf`negk`hc` ga Cgh> xf` rp|`sx jgt ag| xf` fpmie srd|dxieh xf` rp|`sx h`kdcfx ag| mie#s fì|x ds xf` srd|dxpikòsxist ogexide`h dxfde xf` kgq` ga Cgh% Deh` h+ ikkx|p` firrde`ss+ rp|` jgt+ s``x lgpexd`s ieh peokgph`hrk isp|` i| pehgplx`hkt ogexide`h dxfde xf`negk`hc` ieh kgq` ga Cgh%

L`kdà ds egx |`sx|dox`h xg i l|dà iaad|mixdge lis`h gedmdxixdge% Dx fis h`c|``s ieh sxic s ga `vriesdge g|h`q kgrmèx is a|gm+ sit+ xf` s``h ga i x|`` xg xfàpkkt c|ge+ a|pdx-lì|dec sxix` ga xfix x|``+ a|gm xf`dmic` ga xf` spe de xf` md||g| de tgp| fieh g| de i h|grga ix`| xg dxs dmic`s ge xf` fgk` sp|aio` ga xf` sìieh xg xf` spe dxs`ka% L`kdà ogexides sg miet x|pxfsr`|xidedec xg xf` ge` xfgpsieh ieh ge` Eim`s ga Cghieh xf` |ìkdxd s ogexide`h de xf` pedq`|s`+ xfix xf`mgsx r`|aòx ga ikk fpmie sodèo`s ieh negk`hc` iehqd|xp`s ds l`kdà+ ieh negk`hc` ga Cgh g|dcdeixdec del`kdà lis`h ge i|cpmèx ieh deq sxdcixdge% Sfdk`l`kdà lis`h ge dmdxixdge oie ìsdkt l` |àpx`h de xfàio` ga hgplxs ieh yp`sxdges |ids`h lt xf` mgh`|e itga xfdendec+ l`kdà lis`h ge i|cpmèx ieh deq`sxdcixdgefis miet h`c|``s ieh c|ih`s ga mieda`sxixdge xg xf`

px` ga _r`òf+ mit l` |`ci|h`h is xf` pedq`|s` |dxxèg| ogmrgs`h+ fdk` xf` pedq`|s`+ fiqdec g|dcdeix`h dexf` Hdqde` Ixx|dlpx s ga Rg`| ieh Sdkk+ mit lògesdh`|`h is xf` Yp|#ie o|ìx`h% _g+ a|gm xfds rgdex gaqd`+ xf` pedq`|s` l`dec xf` ogpex`|ri|x ga xf` Yp|#ieieh+ de ge` |`sròx+ xf` ogkk oxdge ga Hdqde kis gao|ìxdge+ xf` sodèo`s fdof sxpht xf` pedq`|s`+ oie deeg it l` deogmrixdlk` dxf Dskim% Xf`|àg|`+ de xf`r|`sèx xdm` fè sodèo`s r|`qidk+ ieh de xf` apxp|ìs `kk+ fdof dkk l` xf` ic` ga negk`hc`+ x|p` l`kdà

sfgpkh l` lis`h ge i|cpmèx ieh deq`sxdcixdge+ ieh geogexdepik | ak oxdge ge xf` #sdces# ga Cgh de xf`pedq |s + ge #eixp|ik#+ sgodik+ fdsxg|doik iehrstofgkgcdoik rfègm ei% L`kdà ds egx sgm`xfdeclis`h ge lkdeh dmdxixdge% Dx sfgpkh irrìk xg lgxf xf`dex`kkòx g| |ìsge ieh xf` fì|x% Dx ogmlde`s xfìoo rxieo ieh iaad|mixdge ga xf` |ìsge ieh xf``vr`|dèo` ieh splmdssdge ga xf` fì|x%

Xf`| ds iegxf`| h`c|`` ga l`kd a+ eim`kt o`|xidextogmdec a|gm hd|òx `vr |d eo ga dxs x|pxfs% Xfdsh`r ehs ge |`cpki| g|sfdr ieh |àkòxdge% Xf` ge`fg fis ioypd|`h xfds h`c|`` ga l`kdà oie ofikkèc`xf` fgk` ga xf` g|kh% _g+ gp| ad|sx ieh ag|`mgsx iehmgsx dmrg|xiex hpxt sfgpkh l` xg ioypd|` xfds h`c|`` gal`kd a ieh x|t de pxmgsx sdeo`|dxt ieh rp| kt ag| xf`sin` ga Cgh Ikmdcfxt#s cggh rkìsp|` xg ogmmpedoix`dx xg gxf`|s% Ag|+ is ds sxix`h de i fihdxf+ dx ds l`xx`| ag|

tgp xfie fiqdec ikk xf` g|kh xgc`xf`| dxf `q`|txfdecde dx xfix ge` ioo`rxs l`kdà lt mìes ga tgp%

De sfg|x+ ioog|hdec xg L`hdpzzimie+ l`kdà ogesdsxs de xfìoypd-sdxge ga xf` fgk` ga Dskim%

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V @RDXGM@_ GA KDCFX L@HDPZZIMIE ieh XF@ \D_IK@-D EP\ 92

`|` |dxxè de Li|ki peh`| fi|sf ogehdxdges% Ogrd`s `|`mih` lt fieh ieh l`cie xg od|opkix` xf|gpcfgpx Xp|n`t%Xfds m`xfgh ga s`|qdec Dskim oips`h |ìoxdge ieh fgsxdkdxtde xf` cgq |em ex% Ioops`h ga ag|mdec i sò| x sgod`xtieh g|ndec icidesx xf` |`cdm`+ i ofi|c` oi||tdec xf`hìxf rèikxt is kidh icidesx L`hdpzzimie ieh ge`fpeh|`h ieh xèxt ga fds sxphèxs ieh+ de 94?0+ x|d`h de@snds`fd| O|dmdeik Ogp|x% Ikxfgpcf hp|dec fds fgk` kda` f`fih grrgs`h |`qgkx ieh ikk ioxdges fdof gpkh l|ìofrplkdo rìo` ieh g|h`|+ ieh fih sx|`ss`h xfix xf` |dcfxs gai sdeck` r`|sge ogpkh egx l` qdgkix`h `qè ag| xf` sin` gaxf` fgk sgod xt+ f` is ioops h ga ag|mdec sò|`xg|ciedzixdges xg h`sx|gt xf` rplkdo g|h`|% Sfè f` isisn h hp|dec xf` x|dik fds grdedge ga xf` \`rplkdo+ f`

|`rkd`h: Mt ldgc|irft fdof tgp fiq de tgp| fiehs r|gq`s xfixis i | kdcdgps |`rplkdoie l ag| iet ga tgp oim dexg xf g|kh%

F` is f`kh ag| `k`qè mgexfs de r|dsge làg|` ioypdxxik%

Agkkgdec fds |`kìs + f` is ogmr`kk`h xg |`sdh` deNisximgep% F` sxit`h ad|sx ge xf` xgr akgg| ga xf` rgkdo`sxixdge+ xf e f` is s`xxk`h de i fgps` dmm`hdix`ktgrrgsdx dx% Fds |`sdhèo de Nisximgep ogexdep h ag|s`qè tì|s+ ieh i sdcedadoiex ri|x ga xf` \dsik -d Ep| is|dxxè xf`|`%

Hp|dec xfds r`|dgh+ lgxf f` ieh fds sxphèxs â|gmNisximgep ieh `ks`f`|`] `|` peh`| ogesxiex r|`ssp|à|gm xf` ipxfg|dxd`s% Xfds deo| is`h is xdm` riss`h+opkmdeixdec de dh`sr| ih i|| sxs ieh xf` Hèdzkd x|diksieh dmr|dsgem ex de 948?-88% F` is ioops`h ga ag|mdec i_pad xi|dyi+ ieh g|ciedzdec i rgkdxdoik sgod`xt% Ikxfgpcf xfòis` gpkh |`spkx de ioypdxxik+ L`hdpzzimie is n`rx ag|ede` mgexfs de sgkdxi|t ogeade`mèx peh`| xf` mgsx ir-rikkdec ogehdxdges de i mdepx`+ hi|n+ himr o`kk%

Iax | |`k is`+ L`hdpzzimie is sèx xg |`sdh` de xf`xge ga @md|hic de xf` r|gqdeo` ga Iatge% De 9486 i eòis` is grè`h de Iatge O|dmdeik Ogp|x+ ieh ikxfgpcf xfÒgp|x sèxèo`h fdm i|ldx|i|dkt+ xf` hòdsdge is ypisf`hlt xf` Irrìk Ogp|x+ ieh L`hdpzzimie is ioypdxx`hxgc`xf`| dxf fds sxphèxs% Agkkgdec xfds+ f` sxit`h ag|l|d a r`|dghs de @md|hic+ Dsri|xi+ Iatge+ ieh Dsxielpkimgec gxf`| rkio`s% De 940< f` is x|d`h geo` mg|`+ xfds

xp|lie+ i cge+ ieh xèxt kd|i% Xf` |ìk+ deqikpilk` `sxix`fdof | mide h ga xfds f`|g ga Dskim ieh fpmiedxt+ fg`dcf`h gekt 82 ndkgs ix fds hìxf+ is xf` sdv-xfgpsieh-ric` \dsik`-d Ep| Ogkk oxdge+ fdof fis l`è x|d h dehdaa`|èx ogp|xs ilgpx xg xfgpsieh xdm`s xg xfds hit+ iehfds eglk` oips` fdof is ga hdmèsdges xfix ogpkh egx lògexide`h de xf` og|ge`|#s |òg|hs%

Xf` \dsik -d Ep|+

De g|h | xg ogmr| f eh xf ypikdxt ieh mide

ofi|iox`|dsxdo ga xf` \dsik -d Ep|+ xf` agkkgdec vr`|dèo` gaH| Xp|e`| ga Hp|fim Pedq`|sdxt+ P%N% ds g|xf ypgxdec ixkècxf% H| Xp|e`| |dx`s:

,Is sgm`ge` lg|e ieh |ids`h de L|dxide+ D im gaxè isn`hfix ` is Mpskdms fiq` xg gaa`| xg xf` S`sx% Lpx làg|` Dies`|+ D sfgpkh kdn` xg isn i yp`sxdge mts`ka: I|` `Mpskdms lòips` ` l kd q de Cgh Ikmdcfxt+ g| hg `l`kd`q` de Cgh lìops` ` i|` Mpskdms7

#Xf` yp`sxdge goop||`h xg m` hp|dec i mi|of xf|gpcfxf` sx| `xs ga Kgehge+ gq`| i hòih icg+ xg r|gx sxicidesx xf` \pssdie gooprixdge ga Iacfiedsxie% D#h mih` iag|mik ogeq`|sdge xg Dskim s`q`|ik tì|s r|dg| xg xfds+ iehdx ise#x mt ad|sx h`mgesx|ixdge% Xf`|` `|` liee`|s iehrkioi|hs ieh mpof sfgpxdec ieh ofiexdec% Xgi|hs xf`èh ga xf` h`mgesx|ixdge D is irr|giof`h lt i tgpecmie fg dex|ghpo h fdms`ka is sgm`ge` dex`|`sx`h deDskim% #@vops` m` f` sidh+ *lpx fix ds xf` mìedec ga Ki

dkifi dkki Ikkif7#,Sdxfgpx i mgmèx#s f`sdxixdge D ies`|`h+ ,Xf`|` ds eg

cgh lpx Ikkif%,

#D#m egx isndec tgp xg x|ieskix` dx+# f` sidh+ #D#m isndectgp xg x`kk m` fix dx |ìkkt mìes%# Xf`| is i kgecini|h sdkèo` is dx hie`h ge m` xfix D is peilk` xgies`| fdm%

,Tgp i|` eg hgplx xfdende #Sfix ndeh ga Mpskdm ds dx


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L@HDPZZIMIE ieh XF@ \D_IK@-D EP\ 9 ieh ix xf` sim`xdm` f` dkk |ìkdz` xfix xfgs` ixx|dlpx`s i|` rgdexdec egx xgxf` o|ìx`h l`decs xf`ms`kq`s lpx xg i \ìkdxt de fdof ikkga xf`s` ixx|dlpx`s `vdsx de r`|aòxdge ieh ilsgkpxè`ss% F`dkk s`` xfix xf` o|ìx`h g|kh ds xfps i lggn ga eim`s+ iedeh`v+ fdof s``n xg x`kk ilgpx dxs Ge`|%

#Xf` \dsik -d Ep| xin`s xf` dex`|r|`xixdge ga Ki dkifi dkkiIkkif `qè ap|xf`|% Xf` egxdge xfix dx `vimde`s ds xfix gaoipsikdxt+ xf` og|e`|sxge` ga mix |dikdsm ieh xf` rdkki|prge fdof mgh`|e sodèo` fis l`è ogesx|pox`h% L`kdà deoipsikdxt cdq s |ds` xg sxix mèxs spof is: Dx ds eixp|ik>

Eixp|` o|ìx`h dx> Dx firrè`h lt ofieo`+ ieh sg ge% Sdxf|ìsge`h i|cpmèxs+ xf` \dsik -d Ep|`vrkgh`s xf` mtxf ga

,Xf` \dsik -d Ep| h`mgesx|ix`s xfix ikk l`decs+ ge ikkk`q`ks+ i| dex || kix`h+ dex |ogeeòx`h iehdex`|h`rèhèx+ kdn` ogeoèx|do g| dex`|sòxdec od|ok`s% Dxsfgs xfix l`decs ogm` dexg `vdsxèo is xfgpcf a|gmegf`|`+ ieh+ hp|dec xf`d| l|dà kdq`s+ ìof dxf dxs ge

ri|xdopki| rp|rgs`+ cgik ieh mdssdge+ iox is md||g|s defdof qi|dgps Hdqde Ixx|dlpx s+ ieh ogpexk ssogeadcp|ixdges ga Hdqde` Eim`s+ i|` hdsrkit`h%Ogesdh`|xfds: Sfè tgp sxieh lt i |dq`|+ tgp s`` ogpexk`ss dmic`sga xf` spe |àkòxdec de xf` akgixdec lpllk`s ge dx% Sfèxfgs` lpllk`s ex`| dexg i |pee`k+ xf` dmic`s i|` eg kgec`|s`è% Fg`q`|+ gxf`| lpllk`s ogmdec xg xf` rgdex f`|`tgp sxieh dkk iksg sfg xf` sim` |àkòxdges+ ieh fèxf`t iksg cg dexg xf` xpee`k+ xf` |àkòxdges dkk hdsirrì|%Xfds `qdhèxkt h`mgesx|ix`s xfix xfgs` dmic`s hg egxl`kgec xg xf` lpllk`s xf`ms`kq s: lpllk`s oieegx gexf`m% \ixf`|+ lt |àkòxdec dxs dmic`s+ xf` lpllk`s sfgxf` spe#s `vdsxèo`+ ieh xf|gpcf xf`d| hdsirr`|-ieo` de xf`xpee k+ xf`t h`mgesx|ix` xf`d| x|iesdèo` qds-i-qds xf`r`|mieèo` ga xf` spe% Dx ds jpsx kdn` xfds xfix xf|gpcfxf`d| ogmdec dexg kda`+ dmrgxèo` ieh ogexdecèo + xf`d|xgxik h`rèhèo` ge aioxg|s gxf`| xfie xf`ms`kq`s+ l`decsh`mgesx|ix` l`tgeh hgplx xfix xf`t g` xf`d| vdsxèo` xg

xf` Ge` Sfg eò`ssi|dkt `vdsxs+ o|ìx`s ieh fis rg`|gq | ikk xfdecs+ ieh xfix xf|gpcf xf`d| x|iesdèo` iehhìxf+ xf`t sfg xf` r`|mieèo` ga xfix Ge`%

,Xf` mix`|dikdsxs+ fg`q`|+ s`` xfdecs hdaa`|èxktxf`thg egx s`` hdaa`|èx xfdecs% Xf`t isn ps xg l`kd`q` xfix xfdsogsmgs+ fgs` deeix` g|h`| ieh fi|mget xf`t hg egxhèt+ ds pkxdmix kt xf` g|n ga ofieo % Ga ofigs iehhdsg|h`|+ ga sf``| ioodhèx% Xf`t xfè isn ps xg l`kd`q`xfix xfds ogsmgs ds spsxide`h lt xf` mòfiedsxdo dex`|rkitga oips sfix q | xf t mit l`+ ieh egx `q e xf`mix`|dikdsxs neg ag| sp|òips`s fdof i|` xf`ms`kq`so|ìx`h+ dmrgxèx+ dceg|iex+ x|iesdèx ieh rp|rgs`k ss+lpx fdof sgm`fg ogex|dq`+ xf|gpcf kis fdof irrì|`hgpx ga egf`| + xg r|ghpo xf` g|h`|kt g|ns ga i|x gastmrfged`s ga fi|mget ieh `ypdkdl|dpm xfix ` s`` iehfì| i|gpeh ps%

,Xf` \dsik -d Ep|h sx|g s xf`s` m xfs ieh sp `|sxdxdges%


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9? @RDXGM@_ GA KDCFX L@HDPZZIMIE ieh XF@ \D_IK@-D EP\VQDD

x`|h rèhèo + fix q`| l|decs dexg `vdsx eo` xf` akg`| mpsx

iksg l` |`srgesdlk` ag| xf` x|``> ieh cdqè xf` aiox xfix xf`t i|`

dex`||`kix`h+ fix`q`| l|decs dexg `vdsxèo` xf` x|`` mpsx iksg l`|`srgesdlk` ag| xf` ag|`sx+ ieh sg ge% Xfps xg l` ilk` xg o|ìx` i

sdeck` ixgm+ ge` mpsx iksg l` ilk` xg o|ìx` xf` fgk` ogsmgs%

Xfix ds sp|`kt i xikk g|h`| ag| i oips` fdof ds lkdeh+ dmrgxèx+

x|iesdèx+ h`rèhèx ieh h`qgdh ga negk`hc` ga gp| rp|rgs`%

,Xf` ixx|dlpxdge ga o|ìxdq` rg`| xg eixp|` g| eixp|ik kis ds

eg mg|` xfie i r`|sgeik grdedge |ìof`h egx is xf` |`spkx ga iegljòxdq`+ sodèxdado deq`sxdcixdge% _dmdki|kt+ hèdik ga xf` O|ìxg|

ga xf` ogsmgs+ fg fis rkio`h irri|èx oips`s xf`|` is q`dks xgogq`| Fds fieh ga rg`|+ ds egx ie iox ga |ìsge lpx ie iox ga dkk%

De sfg|x+ oipsikdxt ds i o|ph` ieh opeedec h`qdo` dxf fdof mie

hdsx|dlpx`s xf` r|gr`|xt ga xf` O|ìxg| imgec xf` o|ìx`h de g|h`|

xfix f` mdcfx s`x fdms`ka pr is ilsgkpx` ge`| ieh |pk`| ga ikk

xfix f` fis+ ieh ikk xfix f` ds%

,Desrd|`h lt xf` q`|s` Ki dkifi dkki Ikkif+ xf` \dsik -d Ep|sfgs xfix

xf` sdces ga Cgh+ xf`s` md||g|s ga Fds Eim`s ieh Ixx|dlpx`s+ i|`|`q ik`h xg ps ogesxiexkt de e` ieh `q`|-ofiecdec ag|ms ieh

ogeadcp|ixdges+ `kdodxdec ionegk`hc`mèx+ ioo`rxieo`+ splmds-

sdge+ kgq` ieh g|sfdr% Xf` \dsik`-d Ep|sfgs xfix xf`|` ds i hds-xdeox r|go`ss deqgkq`h de lògmdec Mpskdm de xf` x|p` sès` ga xf`

g|h: ogex`mrkixdge xg negk`hc`+ negk`hc` xg iaad|mixdge+ ia-

ad|mixdge xg l`kdà g| ogeqdoxdge+ ieh a|gm ogeqdoxdge xg splmds-

sdge% Ieh sdeo` ìof e` mgmèx+ ìof e` hit+ s``s xf` |`q`ki-

xdge ga a|`sf isròxs ga Hdqde` x|pxf+ xfds r|go`ss ds i ogexdepgps

ge`% Xf` `vx`|eik r|ioxdo`s ga Dskim+ xf` ag|mik ioxs ga g|sfdr+

iksg ogex|dlpx xg xfds r|go`ss% L`kdà ds xf |àg|` spljòx xg

deo|ìs` g| hò|ìs`+ g| sx|ècxfèdec g| ìnèdec+ h`rèhdec

ge xf` ogexdepieo` ga xf` r|go`ss% Xfps dx ds xf` |ìkdxt ga l`kdà

xfix h`s`|q`s mgsx ga gp| ixxèxdge> a|gm xf`|` xf` |ìkdxd`s ga

Dskim dkk agkkg ge de`qdxilkt%

,Xf` \dsik -d Ep|iksg ogeoèx|ix`s ge xf` gexgkgcdoik ofi|iox`|

ga mie% @iof ga ps ds lg|e de xgxik dceg|ieo`> xf` h`sd|` xg neggp|s`kq`s ieh gp| g|kh ds ie deeix` ge`% Xfps ,Sfg im D7 Sf`|`

hdh D ogm` a|gm7 Sfix ds xfds rkio` de fdof D adeh mts`ka7 Sfix dsmt hpxt f`|`7 Sfg ds |`srgesdlk` ag| l|decdec m` dexg `vdsxèo`7

Sfix ds xfix fdof kda` ieh hìxf isn ga ps7,xf`s` i|` yp`sxdges

fdof ìof ga ps e``hs xg ies`| ieh ies`|s de fds ge it+ `d-

xf`| xf|gpcf hd|òx gls`|qixdge g| xf|gpcf lkdeh ioo`rxieo` ga xf`

ies`|s spcc`sx`h lt gxf`|s% Ieh fg ge` kdq`s ge`#s kda`+ xf` o|d-

x`|dge lt fdof ge` ioxs de xfds g|kh+ h`rèhs xgxikkt ge xf` ei-xp|` ga xfgs` ies`|s% Ioog|hdec xg xf` \dsik -d Ep|+ ikk xf` ies`|s

cdqè xg xf`s` yp`sxdges+ lt fdof ìof ga ps h`x`|mde`s fds ge

it ga kdqdec ieh g|kh-qd`+ i|` cdqè lt `dxf`| xf` Hdqde` \`q`-

kixdge mieda`sx`h de xf` ag|m ga Hdqde` \`kdcdges g| xf` `cg ga `q`-

|tge`% Fdsxg|t |òg|hs xf` ogeakdoxs l`x`è xf`s` xg akgs ga fp-

mie kda` g| xf`s` xg mide l|ieof`s ga xf` x|`` ga fpmiedxt+

eim`kt |`kdcdge ieh fpmie `cg% \`jòxdec xg agkkg xf` Hdqde`

\`q`kixdge+ `cg okidms s`ka-ge`|sfdr de fipcfxde`ss+ irr|gr|dix-

dec ag| dxs`ka fix`q`| ds cdqè xg dx lt xf` O|ìxg|+ ieh ixx|dlpxdec

xg dxs`ka ikk xf` ioogmrkdsfmèxs Cgh Ikmdcfxt ogea`|s ge dx% Xfds+

fg`q`|+ |`spkxs de xf` iljòxdge+ |`xof`he`ss ieh pefirde`ss ga

mie% Xfds l|ieof ga fpmiedxt fis sg ai| td`kh`h xf` a|pdxs ga Rfi-

|igfs+ Edm|ghs+ E`|gs ieh gxf`| xt|iexs ieh xfgs` fg+ fiqdec

cdqè de xg xf`d| oi|eik h`sd|`s+ fiq` xf`ms`kq`s cge` isx|it ieh

mdsk`h gxf`|s% Grrgsdx` xg xfds l|ieof ds xf` l|ieof ge fdof xf`

R|grf`xs+ sidexs+ ieh gxf`| `vimrk`s ga qd|xpgpse`ss fiq` c|ge%

Xfds l|ieof kd`s de ge`#s l`dec ogesodgps ga ge`#s s`|qiexfggh+fgs` rg`| kd`s de ionegk`hc`mèx ga ge`#s def`|èx ìne`ss

làg|` Cgh Ikmdcfxt# ilsgkpx Rg`|+ ieh fgs` ìkxf kd`s de

ihmdssdge ga ge`#s def`|èx rgq`|xt làg|` Fds \dof`s% Dx iksg |`-

ypd| s h``r h`qgxdge ieh g|sfdr de ilsgkpx` xfienapke`ss+ xg-

c`xf`| dxf ogexdegps |àkòxdge ge Fds sdces de xf` pedq`|s`+ ieh i

e`q`|-èhdec èxfpsdism de r|ìofdec Fds |`kdcdge% Xf` \dsik -d Ep|

ds eg k`ss xfie i cpdh`h xgp| ga xf` ogsmgs+ is `kk is ga mie#s

dee`| g|kh+ ieh xf` x|iq`kk`| ds ge` fg ds s``ndec ies`|s xg xf`

yp`sxdges ilgq`+ ieh deh``h adehs xf`m%# H| Xp|e`| ogexdep`s:

,Xf` sòpki|+ s`ka-ilg|x`h sgod`xt ga xf` S`sx ds h`sdce`h ge ikk

k`q`ks xg lkdeh ieh sxpràt% Xg misn xf` aiox xfix xf` |`kdcdge ga

xf` s`ka fis aidk`h xg kdq` pr xg dxs r|gmds`s> xfix xf` sòpki| x|dedxt

ga ,pekdmdx`h r|gc| ss+ ilsgkpx` a|` hgm ieh pe|`sx|dox`h

firrde`ss, ds is mìedeck`ss is xf` Of|dsxdie X|dedxt hdsoi|h h

oèxp|d`s icg% Xg ogq`| pr xf` aiox xfix ògegmdo ieh sodèxdado

r|gc|`ss fdof fis sòpki| fpmiedsm is dxs peh`|ktdec `xfgs+ fisxp|e`h xf` S`sx


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VQDDD @RDXGM@_ GA KDCFX

dexg i srd|dxpik isx kieh ieh |iqic`h cè`|ixdge iax`|cè`|ixdge% T`x xf`| i|` xfgs` fg i|` l`cdeedec xgiin`+ xg |ìkdz` xf` dkkpsdge peh`| fdof xf`t fiq` l`èkdqdec% Dx ds xg xf s` xfix xf` hdsìs ga `cg mpsx l`rgdex`h gpx% Ge` spaa`|dec a|gm oieo`| oieegx l` op|`h ltcdqdec fdm i e` ogix% T`x dx ds egx gekt mgh`m S`sx`|emie spaa`|dec a|gm xfds hd`sis`+ dx ds ogmmge xg ikmgsx ikk

de xf` g|kh% Sfix ds e``h`h ds i og||òx hdicegsds+ |ihdoiksp|c`|t ieh ogesxiex lion-pr x|ìxmèx% Xf` \dsik -d Er|gqdh s ikk ga xf`s`%

#Xf` \dsik -d E èqdsic`s i |`qgkpxdge+ i |`qgkpxdge gaxf` mdeh+ ga xf` fì|x+ ga xf` sgpk ieh xf` srd|dx% Dx dsh`sdce`h xg kìh Mpskdms a|gm l`kdà lt dmdxixdge xg l`kdàxf|gpcf deq`sxdcixdge+ sxpht ga eixp|` ieh mie#s dee`| s`kaieh |àkòxdge ge xf`m+ ieh g|sfdr+ ieh xf|gpcf ap|xf`|dex`kkòxpik ekdcfxèmèx% Dx iksg idms xg kìh pel`kd`q`|sa|gm g|sfdr ga xf` s`ka xg g|sfdr ga Cgh Ikmdcfxt%,

Xf` \dsik -d Ep| ds+ ioog|hdec xg H| Xp|e`|+ xf` gekt s`ka-ogexide`h+ ogmr|`fèsdq` Dskimdo g|n xfix s``s xfògsmgs is dx ioxpikkt ds+ r|`sèxs xf` |ìkdxt ga l`kdà is dxx|pkt ds+ dex`|r|`x`s xf` Yp|#ie is xf` R|grf`x+ prge fdml` rìo` ieh lk`ssdecs+ dexèh`h+ hdicegs`s xf` |ìk iehq`|t hiec`|gps hds`sis s xfix iaakdox mgh`|e mie+ iehgaa`|s i op|`% Xf` \dsik -d Ep|iksg ogq`|s ikmgsx q`|txfdec

|`kix`h xg xf` `ssèxdiks ga l`kdà+ g|sfdr ieh mg|ikdxt+ieh dx r|gqdh`s ikk xf` eò`ssi|t o|dx`|di ag| peh`|sxiehdecDskim ieh xf` Yp|#ie de xf` g|kh ` kdq` de% I g|n spofis xf` \dsik -d E+ fdof |àkòxs xf` kdcfx ga xf` Yp|#ie ieh

#

Mixfeid ik-Ep|dti

A xfpkkif Cpk e

Mixfeid ik-Ep|dti ds ge` ga L`hdzzimie#s g|ns fdoff` |gx` làg|` f` sxi|x`h xg |dx` xf` mide ri|x ga xf`\dsik -d E ogkkòxdge% De xfds lggn+ fds cgkhè xfgpcfxs|`qìk`h xf`ms`kq`s ìof is i sfggx+ i h|gr+ i lph% @iofh|gr+ ìof lph+ ìof sfggx kix`| lòim` kdn` i lpllkdecsx|ìm+ kdn` i |gs` ci|hè mieixdec r`|apm`+ kdn` i ag|`sxmp|mp|dec dxf mij sxt% Xf t sxdmpkix h ieh `vodx`hMpskdm#s a``kdecs lis h ge aidxf ieh m`hdxixdge> fdk`kìhdec miet pel`kd q`|s xg min i e` `qikpixdge gaxf`d| xfgpcfxs ieh its%

Kdn` ikk Dskimdo xfden`|s+ ioog|hdec xg L`hdzzimie+ xf`c|ìx`sx x|pxf de xf` g|kh ds xf` x|pxf ga dmie &aidxf$ iehxifdh &ilsgkpx Pedxt ga xf` Hdqde` L dec$% De fdsixmgsrf`|` ga xfgpcfx+ `vdsxèo` a|gm ixgms xg xf`ki|c sx stsx`msds kdn` i sfpxxk` ìqdec xf` x|pxf gaPedxt ieh kdn` i e``hk` ieh sdkn xf|ìh o|gof`xdec kio`+ `m-l|gdh`|`h `q |tf |` dxf mìedecs l`kgecdec xg Fdm%Lpx `q`|tge` oieegx c|isr+ peh`|sxieh ieh a``k Pedxt xgxf` sim` h`c|``% L`kdà de Cgh#s Pedxt fis xg h`c|``s:

Ge` ds l`kd`qdec spr`|adodikkt xfix Cgh fis eg ri|xe`|sieh xf` pedq`|s` oie l`kgec xg ege` gxf`| xfie Fdm% Dxds rgssdlk` xfix ge` fg fis xfds h`c|`` ga l`kdà mitl` spso`rxdlk` xg o`|xide h`qdixdges ieh glsop|dxd`s defds peh`|sxiehdec%

Xf` gxf`| h`c|`` ds l`dec ad|mkt ogeqdeo`h xfix Cgh ds Geìeh xfix `q`|txfdec l`kgecs xg Fdm `vokpsdq`kt+ ieh xfixgekt F` cdq`s vdsxèo` dxfgpx iet ri|xe`|s fix`q`| iehdxfgpx e``hdec iet mìes xg hg sg% Xf` ge` dxf spofh`c|`` ga ogeqdoxdge s``s Fds sìk ieh gls`|q`s Fds sximrge ikk xfdecs+ ieh a|`` a|gm iet hgplxs+ a``ks fdms`kaikits ieh q`|tf`|` de Fds R|`sèo`% E`dxf`| h`qdixdgeseg| hgplxs oie adeh i it xg hdkpx` xfds h`c| ` ga


15/298

VV @RDXGM@_ GA KDCFX MI XFEI Sk IK-EP\DTI 90

xp|` ga `vdsxèo` ieh mie% Ioog|hdec xg fdm+ lt mìes gaaidxf+ xf` pedq`|s fis lògm` i |ìhilk` lggn+ ieèjgtilk` `vfdldxdge+ ieh mie fis lògm` ie deh`v iehr|gokimixdge%

Icide ioog|hdec xg L`hdpzzimie+ da ikk xf` aio`xs ga xf`x|pxf ga aidxf irrì| xg l` s`ri|ix` a|gm ge` iegxf`|+ daxf`t#|` sès`h hdaa`|èxkt a|gm hdaa`|èx r`|sròxdq`s ieh

a`kx hdaa`|èxkt+ ioxpikkt xf`t#|` xdcfxkt ogeeòx`h ieh i|`xf` hdaa`|èx aio`s ga i fgk`:

Neg xfix l`kdà de Cgh+ l`kdà de xf` R|grf`x+ l`kdà dexf` \`sp||òxdge ieh iaad|mixdge ga xf` `vdsxèo` ga xf`pedq`|s` |`ypd|` l`kd`qdec ge` iegxf`|% Xfix ds+ xf`|` dsi r |a ox |`kixdge l x` e xf s` rdkki|s ga l`kdà:l`kd qdec ge` |`ypd|`s l`kd qdec xf` gxf |s% Hdqdedxt|`ypd|`s M`ss ec |sfdr> xfds g|kh x`sxdad`s xg xf`gxf`| g|kh%

Hp|dec xf` ,h`q`kgrmèx, r`|dgh ga xf` \dsik -d Ep|+ xfÈdexf Rgdex ga xf`, @k`qèxf \it ds `vx|`m`kt g|dcdeik a|gmxf` r`|sròxdq` ga `vr|`ssdec xf` eò`ssdxt imgec xf``ssèxdiks ga aidxf%

Ge` ga L`hdpzzimie#s h`kdcfxapk gls |qixdges ds xf`x|pxf xfix r`grk`+ fg fiq` eg h`rxf de xf`d| srd|dxpik ieh`mgxdgeik kdq`s+ sfgdec xgg mpof dex`|`sx de mèxik iehrfdkgsgrfdoik mixx`|s ds lgxf i sdce ga ,hdsìs`, de fì|x+

xf` oèx|` ga aidxf ieh `mgxdges+ ieh xf` qd|ps xfix min`sxf`m dkk%

D fiq` gls`|q`h xfix xf` mg|` ge` ds r|`gooprd`h dxfrfdkgsgrft+ xf` mg| ge` deo|ìs`s de xf` srd|dxpikhdsìs` ga xf` fì|x+ is D fiq` iksg gls`|q`h xf` mg|`ge` deo|ìs`s de xf` srd|dxpik hdsìs` ga xf` fì|x+ xf`mg| ge` ds r| gooprd`h dxf xf` |ixdegik sodèo s%_rd|dxpik hdsìs`s kìh xg r|`gooprixdge dxf |ixdgeiksodèo`s ieh r|`gooprixdge dxf |ixdgeik sodèo`s cdq`s|ds`+ de xp|e+ xg srd|dxpik hdsìs`s%

Xf` Xfd|xd xf Sg|h ieh Ck im ga xf` \dsik`-d Ep|ogkkòxdge rpx xf`s` likieo`s ag|xf de ie dex`|`sxdec it%

Iegxf`| g|dcdeik gls |qixdge ga L`hdpzzimie ds: @qèxfgpcf dx ds i |`srgesdldkdxt xg |`sròx oips`s+ ixx|dlpxdec

pikkt peokìe% Lt ogex|isx+ gxf`| hgm`sxdo iedmiks spofis xf` fè ieh xf` og ieh `qè xf` oix+ fdof hg egxfiq` xf` a``kdec ga c|ixdxph` ieh kgtikxt de |`xp|e ag|xf` cggh hge` xg xf`m lt fpmie l`decs+ èjgt l`decogesdh |`h lt r`grk` is lk ss`h% Xfds ds lòips`r|gqdh`h dx ds egx xg lionldx` xf` hgc ieh dxs fì|x l`l|gnège ioogpex ga dxs hdsìs` ga c|``h+ xf` hgc ds

ixxiof`h xg irri|èx oips`s xg ie `vxèx fdof min`sdx lkdeh xg xf` x|p` L`sxg`| ga Lgpexd`s% Dx sprrgs`sxf` mìes is x|pkt àaòxdq` ^de xf` r|gop|`mèx ga dxsaggh] ieh is xf` rpedsfmèx ag| dxs lkdehe ss iehdehdaa`|èo` xg xf` x|p` Ge`| ieh Cdq`| ga Lgpexd`s+ dxspaa`|s xf` sxdcmi ga |dxpik dmrp|dxt% Is ag| xf` lk`ss`hiedmiks+ xf`t hg egx |ògcedz` xf` mìes ieh oips`s g|ioog|h xg xf`m iet |ìk qikp` g| dmrg|xieo`% Ag|`vimrk`+ xf` oix dmrkg|`s tgp ag| aggh ieh fè dx c`xsfix dx h`sd|`s+ dx l`fiq`s is da dx hdh egx neg tgp g|tgp hdh egx neg dx% Dx hg`s egx a``k c|ixdxph` xg tgp%Desxìh+ dx xfiens xf` x|p` Cdq | ga Lgpexd s ltmèxdgedec: ,G Ogmrissdgeix` Ge`+ G Ogmrissdgeix`Ge`),

Xf` Ad|sx L|ieof ga xf` Xèxt-agp|xf Sg|h fiehk`s xfdsx|pxf a|gm i hdaa |èx ieck ieh r|`sèxs i h`kdcfxapkgls`|qixdge dxf i pedyp` s``xe`ss xg gp| a``kdecs iehxfgpcfxs%

Ge` ga xf` spljòxs xfix xf` Misx`|L`hdpzzimie _idhEp|sd oi|àpkkt `mrfisdz`s ds kdqdec de xf` g|ldx ga xf`_peei% Is ikk ga xf` IS ik-_peei ik-Jimi#i sofgki|s &xfgs`fg agkkg xf` R|grf`xdo `vimrk` ieh xf` ogmmpedxt gaxf` Ogmriedges$+ f` r`|sdsxèxkt |`mdehs xfix xf` R|grf`xds ie pe`||dec+ pe`||ilk` cpdh` ieh xf` _p|mi ds xf` gekt|gih xfix xin`s ps xg firrde`ss de xfds g|kh ieh xf` e`vx+ieh f` oikks ps xg pedx` de xf` _peei%

I kda` jgp|e`t xfix ds egx lis`h ge xf` _peei ds mg|` kdn`|`qgkqdec i|gpeh xf` hc` ga i fd|krggk% @qè da dx irrì|sxg l` kdn` sdmmdec ieh mindec r|gc|`ss+ de |ìkdxt dx dsegxfdec mg|` xfie skdhdec xgi|hs i hìxf fgk`%

Neg G a|dèh) D fiq` gls`|q`h de mt jgp|e`tdec de xf`, ,


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93 @RDXGM@_ GA KDCFX MIXFEISDIK-EP\9TI VVQ

xf` pedq`|s`% Xf`|` ds eg rgdex de xf` pedq`|s` `mrxt gaxf` x|pxf ga fds kdcfx% Jpsx is xf` srd|dx ieh mìedec de is``h i|` agpeh de xf` lght ga i x|`` ieh sfggx+ f` ds imd||g| xg xf` Ad|sx ieh xf` Kisx a|gm xf` |`sròx ga fdskdcfx ogmr|dsdec xf` ssèo` ga `vdsxèo`:

Da tgp s`` xf` pedq`|s` is i c|ìx lggn+ tgp dkk s`` xf`kdcfx ga Mpfimmih+ prge fdm l` rìo` ieh lk`ssdecs+is xf` den ga xf` rè dxf fdof xfix lggn fis l`è|dxxè% Da tgp s`` xf` pedq`|s` de xf` ag|m ga i x|``+tgp dkk s` fds kdcfx is g|dcdeikkt dxs s``h iehoges`ypèxkt dxs a|pdx% Da tgp s`` xf` pedq`|s` is de xf`

ag|m ga ie iedmix` l`dec+ tgp dkk s`` fds kdcfx is dxssgpk% Da tgp s`` xf` pedq`|s` de xf` ag|m ga i mio|g-fpmie+ tgp dkk s`` fds kdcfx is fds dex`kkòx% Da tgp s``xf` pedq`|s` is i akg`| ci|hè+ tgp dkk s`` fds kdcfxis dxs edcfxdecik`% Da tgp s`` xf` pedq`|s` is i kgaxt+|dofkt-hòg|ix h oisxk` dxf miet |ggms iehiri|xmèxs+ fdof hdsrkits xf` srkèhg| ga xf`sgq`|`dcext ga xf` @x`|eik _gq`|`dce ieh xf` mi|q`ks gaFds Ckg|t+ is `kk is xf` lìpxd`s ga xf` mieda`sxixdgesga Fds C|io` ieh xf` geh`|apk h`sdces ga Fds I|x+ xfètgp dkk s`` xf` kdcfx ga xf` R|grf`x Mpfimmih+ prgefdm l` rìo` ieh lk`ssdecs+ is i sròxixg|%

Xf` Xfd|h R|deodrk ga xf` Xfd|xt-ad|sx Sg|h ieh xf`_ògeh Ri|x ga xf` Ihhèhpm xg xf` Xèxf Sg|h sr|ìhlàg|` xf` `t` ga gp| fì|xs i sròdik h`rxf ieh |dofe`ssge xfds geh`|apk spljòx%

Ioog|hdec xg L`hdpzzimie+ xf` `ssèxdik ofi|iox`| ga

eixp|` ieh mie ds lgxf i hò`dqdec dhgk ieh i sò|`x r|dsmsfgdec xf` `x`|eik I|xdsx ieh `x`|eik x|pxf% Ag| xfgs`fg i|` srd|dxpikkt r|`ri|`h ieh fg fiq` c|isr`h xf`r`|sròxdq`+ lgxf eixp|` is i |dofkt `ml|gdh`|`h g|n gai|x ieh mie is i o|tsxik r|dsm i|` ìof ie pe`||dec lggn+ie `kgypèx srìn`| ieh i sgp|o` ga kdcfx dkkpmdeixdec xf`|ìkm l`fdeh xf` qdsdlk` g|kh% L`hdpzzimie rpxs xfdsgls`|qixdge de xf` ag|m ga i qdoxg|t sgec dxf fds g|hs:

Ag| xfd|xt tì|s D fiq` sx|pcck`h icidesx xg ,|`l`ks,+ge` xf` `cg dxfde mie+ xf` gxf`|+ eixp|` de xf` gpx`|g|kh% D fiq s`è xf` ag|m`| is i sfihgt md||g|

O|ìxg|] dx fis ogm` xg l` |`ci|h`h lt mix`|dikdsxs is dadx `|` i h`dxt+ is s`ka-g|dcdeix`h ieh `vdsxdec lt dxs`ka+ieh mih` dexg ie `vops` ag| dec|ixdxph` fdof fis|`spkx`h de pel`kdà%

Xfiens l` xg Cgh ieh r|ids` l` xg Fdm+ lt xf` f`kr gaxf` Ge + @x |eikkt L sgpcfx-ga-Ikk+ ieh xf`èkdcfxèmèx ga xf` ckg|dgps Yp|#ie+ mt sx|pcck` fisèh`h de xf` hìxf ga xf`s` xg |`l`ks+ xf` smisfdec gaxf`s` xg dhgks%

S|dxxè hp|dec xf` r`|dgh ga EP\#_ `qgkq`mèx+ xf` Ad|sxIdm ga xf` Xfd|xd`xf Sg|h irr|giof`s xfds spljòx dxf ipedyp` l|ìhxf ieh |dofe`ss+ ieh icide+ xf` Xèxt-xfd|hCk im nege is Xf X| ixds` ge Eixp|` h`sx|gts xf`dhgkdzixdge ga eixp|` de i kiecpic` xfix r`grk` ga `q`|tk`q`k oie peh`|sxieh%

De L`hdzzimie#s g|kh ga xfgpcfx+ sdes i|` rdoxp|`h isxf` |`-ogeegdx`|dec fiehs ga pel`kdà% De rkio`s f`|` xf`ti|` a|`ypèxkt s`è+ xfgpcfx ,s`xs sidk, ag| dmmg|ikdxt iehaidxf ds aio` xg aio` dxf hiec`|%

_p|`kt xf`|` ds xf` s``h ga pel`kdà de xf` `ssèo` gasdes+ `sròdikkt da xf`t i|` a|`ypèxkt ogmmdxx`h% Ag| ia|`ypèxkt ogmmdxx`h sde min`s xf` sdee`| dehdaa`|èxxg dx ieh lògm`s ie ihhdoxdge fgs` gekt |`m`ht kd`sde dxs iliehgemèx% Xfè xf` sdee`| dsf`s ag| xf`|` xgl` eg rpedsfmèx ag| dx ieh peogesodgpskt x|d`s xg adehie `vops` xg l`kd q` de xf` ege-`vdsxèo` ga `x`|eikxg|mèx% Xfds sxix ga xf` sdee`| ogexdep s pexdk f`h ed s xf` `x |eik xg|mèx ieh xf` ilgh ga

rpedsfmèx% Iksg+ xf` sfim` i|dsdec a|gm ogmmdxxdec isde egx agkkg`h lt |`mg|s` ieh isndec ag|cdq e`ssa|gm Cgh kìhs xf` sdee`| xg hèt xfix xf` sde f` fisogmmdxx`h ds |ìkkt i sde% Dx kìhs fdm xg |àpx` xf` `vds-xèo` ga xfgs`kdn` xf` cpi|hdec iec`ksfg gq`|s``fdm ieh i|` ii|` ga fds sde% Lòips` ga xf` dexèsdxt gaxf` sfim` f` a``ks+ xf` sdee`| dsf`s ag| xf`|` xg l` eg|òngedec de xf` gxf`| g|kh% Sfè f` èogpex`|s `qèi aiks` i|cpmèx ag| dxs ege-`vdsxèo`+ f` xin`s dx is isx|gec r|gga ieh h ed s xf adeik | ongedec%Oges`ypèxkt+ xfds èhs de xf` hi|nèdec ga xf` fì|x%


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?6 @RDXGM@_ GA KDCFXH\GRK@X_ A\GM NEGSK@HC@ GA XF@ R\GRF@X ?3

_ògeh rgdex

Neg xfix xf` Yp|#ie ds i ^Hdqde`] ihh|`ss xg+ ieh i op|` ag| ^xf`

,hdsìs`s, ga] ikk okiss`s ga miendeh% Dx ihh|`ss`s r`grk` a|gm xf`

mgsx xg xf` kìsx dex`kkdc ex+ a|gm xf` mgsx Cgh-aì|dec xg xf`

mgsx sdeapk+ ieh a|gm xf` fi|h-g|ndec ieh xfgs` fg sfg

spoo ss de kda` g| xfgs` fg fiq` |ègpeo h xf` g|kh+ xg xf`

mds`|ilk` ieh ilis`h ieh xfgs` èc|gss`h de xf`d| g|n% Ag| xfds

|ìsge+ dx ds egx ikits rgssdlk` ag| `q`|tge` xg |òdx` xf` Yp|#ie

a|gm l`cdeedec xg èh+ fdof ds i op|` ag| `q`|tlght ix ikk xdm`s%

_g+ de g|h`| xg min` dx ìst+ xf` Ikk-Sds` ieh Ikk-Ogmrissdgeix`

Ge` deokph`h mgsx ga xf` rp|rgs`s ga xf` Yp|#ie de mgsx ga dxs

ofirx`|s+ egx gekt de xf` kgec ge`s+ lpx iksg de xf` sfg|x ge`s% Dx

èogp|ic`s r`grk`+ hòki|dec+ De x|pxf S` fiq` mih` xf` Yp|#ie

ìst ag| |`m`ml|ieo` ieh i|edec% Ds xf`|` iet xfix dkk

|`m`ml`| ieh xin` i|edec7

91

Xfd|h rgdex

Lghdkt e``hs qi|t% _gm` ga xf`m kdn` id| i|` ogesxiexkt e``h`h%

Gxf`|s kdn` ix`| i|` e``h`h ge gooisdge ga xfd|sx g| de |`srges`

xg fìx% _gm` kdn` aggh i|` e``h`h `q`|thit+ gxf`|s `q`|t mgexf

g| `q`|t tì| g|+ xfgs` kdn` m`hdode`+ ge d||`cpki| gooisdges gekt%

_g xgg+ mie#s srd|dxpik e``hs qi|t% Sfdk` sgm` ga xf` Yp|#iedo

g|hs ieh q`|s`s kdn` F` ieh Ogh i|` ogesxiexkt e``h`h+ imgec

gxf`|s xf`|` i|` xfgs` kdn` De xf` Eim` ga Cgh xfix i|` pspikkt

e``h`h+ ieh xfgs` e``h`h q`|t a|`ypèxkt kdn` Xf`|` ds eg cgh lpx

Cgh%

_g+ xf` |`r`xdxdge ga o`|xide q`|s`s ieh g|hs ds lòips` ga xf`

|òp||èo` ieh dexèsdxt ga xf` e``h ag| xf`m% Icide+ de g|h`| xg

|`mdeh ga xf` e``h ag| xf`m ieh p|c` r`grk` xg a``k xf` e``h ag|

o |xide ,srd|dxpik spsxèieo`+, o |xide q |s`s ieh g|hs i|

|`rìx`h de xf` Yp|#ie%

Agp|xf rgdexNeg xfix xf` Yp|#ie fis `sxilkdsf`h xfds ad|m |`kdcdge ieh kidh

hge dxs agpehixdges ieh xf` agpehixdges ga xf` Mpskdm g|kh%

Dx fis iksg ofiec`h ogmmpedxd`s ga miendeh ieh pedx`h xf`m de i

sfi| h opkxp|` ieh odqdkdzixdge% Dx fi|hkt e``hs sitdec xfix ag|

sgm`xfdec xg l` `sxilkdsf`h sg ad|mkt ieh `vx esdq kt |`ypd|`s

|`deag|o`mèx ieh+ xf`|àg|`+ |`r`xdxdge%

Iksg+ de xf` Yp|#ie xf`|` i|` ies`|s xg xf` yp`sxdges isn`h lt

miet c|gprs ga hdq`|s` r`grk + ga hdaa |èx lionc|gpehs ieh

x`mr`|im exs ieh hdaa`| ex k`q`ks ga kdecpdsxdo ildkdxt+ pe-

h`|sxiehdec ieh xfdendec%

Adaxf rgdex

Neg xfix xf` Yp|#ie mèxdges miet dmrg|xiex mixx`|s ieh oikks

fì|xs xg l`kd q` de xf`m+ ieh srìns ilgpx splxk` x|pxfs ieh

deqdx s |ìsge g| dex kkòx xg fiq` o`|xide negk hc` ga xf`m%

Glqdgpskt+ de g|h`| xg sòp|` l`kdà ieh peh`|sxiehdec+ |`dx`|ixdge

de hdaa`|èx sxtk`s ieh ogex`vxs ds eò`ssi|t%

_dvxf rgdex

Xf` q`|s`s ga xf` Yp|#ie fiq` dei|h ieh gpxi|h mìedecs+

dei|h ieh gpxi|h hdmèsdges+ ieh xf`t s`|q` ie pkxdmix`

rp|rgs` ag| xf` l`xx`|mèx ga miendeh+ dei|hkt ieh gpxi|hkt%

Ag| `vimrk + miet k`cik dejpeoxdges ieh eg|ms ga ogehpox i|`

dex eh h xg l` h`|dq h a|gm sgm` q |s`s+ ieh xf` |`kixdq`

sdcedadoieo` ieh irrkdoildkdxt ga dejpeoxdges ieh eg|ms de hdaa`|èx

ogex`vxs |`ypd| xfix xf` q`|s s ga xf` Yp|#ie sfgpkh l` io-

og|hdeckt |`dx`|ix`h de hdaa`|èx its ieh ogex`vxs% _dmdki|kt+ de

xf` dei|h hdmèsdges ga mìedec+ xf` dex`kkòx#s àag|x xg pe-

h`|sxieh ds ofikkèc`h ieh |ì|h`h lt q`|s`s |òp||dec de hda-

a`|èx ogex`vxs+ èilkdec deadedx` qi|d`xt ieh h`rxf ga epieo`s ga

mìedec%

Agp|xf h|dlk`x

Xfds ds xg `vrkide xf` qd|xp` ga xf` Yp|#ie#s egx mèxdgedec o`|xide

dssp`s ga |`k qieo` xg sod eo ieh |à ||dec xg sgm` gxf`|sdmrkdodxkt ieh spoodeoxkt% Xf` `vrkieixdge ogexides sdv rgdexs:

Ad|sx rgdex

Da tgp isn ft xf` Yp|#ie hg`s egx x|ìx ga xf` pedq`|s` de xf`91% ik-Yimi|+ 08%93%


39/298

?4 @RDXGM@_ GA KDCFX H\GRK@X_ A\GM NEGSK@HC@ GA XF@ R\GRF@X ?4

miee`| ga mgh |e rfdkgsgrft ieh sodèo + D dkk x`kk tgp xfix

mgh`|e rfdkgsgrft ieh sodèo` irr|giof xf` pedq |s` de |à |-

èo` xg dxs`ka ieh ag| dxs ge sin`% Is ag| xf` Yp|#ie+ fdof is

|`qìk`h de x|pxf ieh cpdh`s xg x|pxf+ dx x|ìxs xf` pedq`|s` egx de

|à`|èo` xg dxs`ka+ lpx de |à`|èo` xg dxs O|ìxg| ieh ag| xf` sin`

ga negdec ieh peh`|sxiehdec Fdm%

Ogex|i|t xg mgh`|e rfdkgsgrft ieh sodèo`+ xf` Yp|#ie hg`s

egx mèxdge `vrkdodxkt g| mèxdges gekt spoodeoxkt ieh imldcp-

gpskt xf` fìqèkt gljòxs ieh xf` ì|xf ieh xf`d| sfir ieh

mgq`mèxs% Da tgp isn ft+ D dkk x`kk tgp xfix xf` Yp|#ie#s im-

ldcpgps g| dmrkdodx |à |èo ds q`|t sdcedadoiex ieh dxs spoodeox

mèxdge ga xf`m ds |ìkkt lìpxdapk%

Ag|+ ad|sx ga ikk+ xf` Yp|#ie mèxdges xf` pedq`|s` lt it ga

hdc| ssdge g| ri| exf`xdoikkt de i|cpdec ag| xf` @ssèo` ieh Ix-

x|dlpx`s ga xf` O|ìxg|% Ie i|cpmèx sfgpkh l` `vrkdodx ieh pe-h`|sxiehilk` xg `q`|tlght de kìhdec xg xf` rp|rgs`% Xf` rp|rgs`

ds xg èilk `q`|tlght xg fiq spaadodèx negk hc` ga xf`

@ssèo` ga Cgh ieh Fds Ixx|dlpx`s ieh Eim`s% Da dx fih sidh is

sodèxdsxs h`sd|`+ ,G r`grk`) Kggn ix xf` spe de dxs mgxdgek`ss-e`ss

ieh xf` ì|xf de dxs mgq`mèxs ieh s`` fg xf`d| O|ìxg| ds

rg`|apk+, xf` i|cpmèx gpkh fiq` l`è mg|` glsop|` ieh

sò|`x xfie xf` rp|rgs` ieh |`mide`h deogmr|`fèsdlk` ag| mgsx

r`grk` de ikmgsx ikk `rgofs% Sf`|ìs xf` ilsgkpx` mijg|dxt sfgpkh

l` cdq e r| o`hèo` de cpdhieo`% Ogesdh`|dec xf` k`q`k ga

negk hc` ieh peh |sxiehdec ga xf` mijg|dxt hg`s egx `vokph`

sodèxdsxs+ rfdkgsgrf`|s ieh dex`kkòxpiks+ fg ag|m gekt i smikk

mdeg|dxt de iet sgod`xt% Lt ogex|isx+ cdqdec r|ò hèo` xg xfds

mdeg|dxt gpkh h`r|dq` xf` mijg|dxt â|gm lèàdxdec a|gm xf`

cpdhieo` ga xf` Yp|#ie]%

_ògeh+ xf` |pk`s ga cggh sr`òf de x`vxs ag| cpdhieo` |`ypd|`

xfix xf` mdehs ga ikk xfgs` ag| fgm xf` cpdhieo` ds dexèh`h

sfgpkh egx l` ogeaps`h lt dx% \ixf |+ xf`d| qd`s+ a``kdecs iehk`q k sfgpkh l` xin e dexg ogesdh`|ixdge ieh xf t sfgpkh l`

ihh|`ss`h rkidekt ieh dxfgpx cgdec dexg h`xidk+ sg xfix xf`t a``k

aimdkdi|dxt dxf xf` splj ox ieh oie peh`|sxieh dx ìsdkt% ^Xf`

cpdhieo` ga xf` Yp|#ie ds dexèh`h ag| xf` fgk` ga

miendeh de ikk `rgofs ieh dxs ag|m ga `vr|`ssdge ds pedq`|sikkt

ioo`ssdlk` ioog|hdec xg xf` h`c|`` ga xf` dehdqdhpik ixx`mrxdec xg

lèàdx lt dx%]

Xfd|hkt+ is rgdex`h gpx ilgq`+ xf` Yp|#ie mèxdges xf` pedq`|s`

ieh fix ds firrèdec de dx egx de |`kixdge xg dxs`ka+ lpx de |`kixdge

xg dxs O|ìxg|% Sfix ds ga dmrg|xieo` ag| xf` Yp|#ie ds xfix xf`

pedq`|s` dxf `q`|txfdec ieh `q`|t goop||èo` de dx sfgpkh rgdex xg

dxs O|ìxg|% Is ag| sodèo` ieh mgh`|e rfdkgsgrft+ xf`t hìk dxf

xf` pedq`|s` ag| dxs ge sin` gekt% Sfix ds ga dmrg|xieo` ag| xf`m

ds xfix fix`q`| ds ieh goop|s de xf` pedq |s` sfgpkh rgdex xg

dxs`ka% Xf`|` ds is c|ìx i hdaa`|èo` l`x`è xf` xg is l`x`è

xf` fdcf`sx fìqè ieh xf` i|xf%

Iksg+ dx fis ik|ìht l`è mèxdge`h xfix xf` Yp|#ie ds Cgh#s

Sg|h xfix kg`|`h dxs`ka xg xf` peh`|sxiehdec ga `qè xf` mgsx

ogmmge r`grk`% Dx ogesdh`|s xf` mijg|dxt ga r`grk` sg xfix+ a|``h

a|gm |`midedec |`sx|dox`h xg xf` dmdxixdge ga xf` `kdx`+ xf`t ogpkh

fiq` hd|òx ioo`ss xg ad|m negk`hc` ga ieh l`kdà de Cgh% Fg-

`q`|+ sodèo` srìns ge l`fika ga sodèxdsxs de i it xg ogmr`k xf`

ogmmgeikxt xg dmdxix` ieh ioo`rx xf`d| qd`s% Dx ds lòips` ga xfds

xfix f`|` sodèo` cg`s dexg h xidkikxfgpcf dx ds fdcfkt

yp`sxdgeilk` xg fix `vxèx dx srìns xf` x|pxfxf` Yp|#ie srìns

spoodeoxkt g| imldcpgpskt g| n``rs sdkèx+ ioog|hdec xg fg ieh xg

fix `vxèx ikk xf` r`grk` oie lèàdx%

Agp|xfkt+ xf` Yp|#ie idms xg cpdh` ikk okiss`s ga miendeh% Xfps

dxs |pk` ga sr`òf |`ypd|`s xfix xf` mijg|dxt ga r`grk` sfgpkh egx

l` mdsk`h de xf` aioxs ioo`rx`h lt xf`m is peyp`sxdgeilkt x|p` lt

mgh`s ga i|cpmèx fdof mit l` issgodix`h dxf sgrfdsx|t ieh

qtdec ag| spr`|dg|dxt imgec fpmie l`decs% Dx ds iksg rgdexk`ss+

`vo`rx fè ilsgkpx`kt eò`ssi|t+ xg ofiec` xf`d| qd`s ga spof

aioxs% Dx ds |ixf`| l`xx`| xg n``r sdkèx g| l` spoodeox ge mixx`|s

xfix i|` ga eg ps` xg xf`m de |`sròx ga xf`d| `ssèxdik hpxd`s xg

Cgh g| xg ìof gxf`|%

Ag| `vimrk`+ xf` Yp|#ie mèxdges xf` spe egx ge ioogpex ga

dxs`ka g| dxs rftsdoik aìxp|`s lpx ge ioogpex ga xf` Ge` Sfg fis

mih` dx i kdcfx-cdqdec kimr% Dx iksg mèxdges xf` apeoxdge ga xf`

spe is xf` ,rdqgx, ga xf` pedq`|sik stsx`m ieh xf` oèx`| ga xf`


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82@RDXGM@_ GA KDCFX H\GRK@X_ A\GM NEGSK@HC@ GA XF@ R\GRF@X 89

g|h`| ga o|ìxdge% Dx ds |à`||`h xg is xf` sfpxxk` ga xf` ìqdec

miofde` lt fdof xf` g|ns ga xf` @x`|eik H`sdce`| i|` gqè ge

xf` aio` ga xf` ì|xf ieh fìqès dxf xf` xf|ìhs ga hit ieh

edcfx ieh ikx`|eixdec sìsges% Xf` Yp|#ie hg`s sg de g|h`| xfix lt

sfgdec ps xf` micedadoèx stsx`m ieh i||iec`mèx de ìqdec

ieh xf` `vx|ig|hdei|t g|h`| ieh h`sdce ga gqè xfdecs+ dx ogpkh

min` nege xg ps xf` r`|aòxdge ga xf`d| Ikk-Sds` O|ìxg|+ xf`d| Ikk-

Negdec Min`|% Dx ds egx ga mpof dmrg|xieo` a|gm xf` qd`rgdex ga

xf` Yp|#ie#s rp|rgs s f`xf | xf` spe |ìkkt mgq`s g| ds

mgxdgek`ss% Hdqde` ìqdec ga xfdecs ds glqdgpskt srkèhdh>

xf`|àg|` da xf` spe ds |ìkkt mgxdgek`ss is sodèo` iss`|xs dx ds+ xfds

cdq`s fi|m xg e`dxf`| xf` Yp|#ie#s rp|rgs`s eg| dxs `vr|`ssdge ga

xf`m% ^De iet ois`+ is sodèxdsxs x`kks ps+ xf` mgxdgek`sse`ss ga xf`

spe ds |`kixdq` gekt xg xf` mgxdge ga xf` ì|xf ieh gxf`| rkie`xs+

egx ilsgkpx`%]93

_ògeh rgdex

Xf` Yp|#ie sits+ ^F`] fis mih` xf` spe i kimr}1ieh+ Xf` spe

|pes ge pexg i |`sxdec-rkio` ag| dx%94

Da tgp isn ft fè+ ioog|hdec xg sodèo`+ dx ds xf` oèx`| ga i

fpc` stsx`m ga fdof xf` ì|xf ds gekt i ri|x ieh xf`|àg|` ds ai|

a|gm agkkgdec xf` ì|xf+ xf` Yp|#ie |à`|s xg dx is i kimr ag| xf`

ì|xf+ mt ies`| dkk l` is agkkgs:

Lt oikkdec xf` spe i kimr+ xf` Yp|#ie mìes xfix xf` pedq`|s`

ds kdn` i rikio` dxf xf` xfdecs de dx is dxs ap|edxp|`% Dx iksg

ogexides gxf`| eò`ssi|t `ypdrmèx kdn` aggh+ fdof xf` Ikk-

Mpedadoèx ieh Ogmrissdgeix` Ge` fis r|`ri|`h ag| dxs defild-

xiexs fg i|` de aiox Fds cp`sxs ieh s`|qiexs de dx% Xf` spe ds xf`

kimr ga xfds rikio` ix xf` ogmmieh ga xf` Ge`| ga xf` rikio`%

Xf` h`so|drxdge ga xf` spe is i kimr spcc`sxs xf` m`|ot ga xf`

O|ìxg| de c|ieh`p| ga Fds Kg|hsfdr dehdoix`s Fds aiqg|dec de Fds

ogmr| fèsdq` M`|ot+ ieh Fds cè`|gsdxt de xf` mij`sxt ga Fds

_gq`| dcext% Lt h`mgesx|ixdec xfix xf` spe+ fdof miet fiq`

h`dad`h ieh g|sfdrr`h hp|dec fdsxg|t+ ds gekt i kimr spljpcix`h

xg Cgh#s ogmmieh+ dx hòki|`s Hdqde` Pedxt%

Xf` `vr|`ssdge ,|pes, dmrkd`s xf` spr|`m`+ rp|rgsàpk hds-

rgsdxdge ieh ioxs ga Cgh Ikmdcfxt de xf` ogexdepgps ikx`|eixdge ga

hit ieh edcfx ieh spoo`ssdge ga spmm`| ieh dex`|% Dx xf`|`lt

|`mdehs ga xf` qisx rg`| ga xf` Min`| de Fds l`dec xf` Pedyp`Kg|h ga xf` pedq`|s`%

Sfè xf` spe ieh mgge i|` mèxdge`h xgc`xf`|+ mdehs ipxg-

mixdoikkt cg xg hit ieh edcfx+ ieh spmm`| ieh dex`| ieh xf`|`-

a|gm xg xf` `q exs xindec rkio` hp|dec xf`m% Xf` `vr|`ssdge

,|pes, dmrkd s ikk xf`s` mìedecs+ ieh ds egx mìex xg hàde

f`xf`| xf` spe |ìkkt mgq`s g| egx%

Kggn ix xf` g|hs ieh `vr|`ssdges ga xf` Yp|#ie ieh s`` fg+

h`srdx` xe`d| irri|èx sdmrkdodxt+ xf`t apeoxdge is hgg|s g| n`ts xg

x| isp|d`s ga splxk` mìedecs% Xf e kggn ix xf` g|hs ieh

`vr|`ssdges ps`h lt sodèo` ieh s`` xfix+ h`srdx` xf`d| irri|èx

ckdxx |+ xf t i|` ga kdxxk` ps` xg tgp `dxf | srd|dxpikkt g| `q e

dex`kkòxpikkt g| dxf |`sròx xg mie#s mide rp|rgs`s de kda`% Xf`t

oips` tgp xg aikk a|gm xf` fìqè ga dkkpmdedec pedxt xg hi|n qikk`ts

ga mpkxdrkdodxt% Kdsxè xg sgm` ri|x ga fix mgh`|e rfdkgsgrft ieh

sodèo` sit ogeo`|edec xf` spe:

,Dx ds i fpc` miss ga dexès` ad|` 9+?22+222 xdm`s is ldc is xf`

ì|xf+ ieh srdes ge dxs ivds% Xf` rkie`xs+ deokphdec gp|s+ `|`h`xiof`h a|gm dx ieh+ ix hdaa`|èx hdsxieo`s+ akt i|gpeh dx ixx|iox`h

xgi|h dx xf|gpcf xf` cè`|ik c|iqdxt% Da+ iax`| sgm` per|`hdoxilk`

`qèx de xf` fìqès &spof is i ogkkdsdge dxf i rissdec ogm`x$+

ge` ga xfgs` rkie`xs kìq`s dxs g|ldx+ dx dkk |`spkx de xf` ogkkirs` ga

xf` sgki| stsx`m ieh xf` h`sx|poxdge ga gp| g|kh%,

93% De |òèx hòih`s+ sgki| isx|gegm`|s fiq` l`è ilk` xg gls`|q` xfix&Li|xpsdio+ M% &9448$ #_gpehs ga xf` _pe#+Im`|doie _odèxdsx+Jiepi|t-A l|pi|t+rr%19-16$ xf` spe ds egx de aiox mgxdgek`ss% Dx ypdq`|s ieh sfin`s iehogexdepikkt |decs kdn` i `kk-fdx cgec% Xf`s` qdl|ixdges ga xf` spe |`qìk qdxikdeag|mixdge ilgpx xf` spe#s h``r dex`|dg|+ dxs fdhhè kit`|s+ deag|mixdgefdof iaaòxs oikopkixdges ga xf` ic` ga xf` pedq`|s`% Iksg+ negdec `vioxkt

fg xf` spe srdes dex |eikkt ds dmrg|xiex de x`sxdec @desx de#s xf`g|t gacè`|ik |`kixdqdxt% Kdn` sg miet gxf`| sdcedadoiex adehdecs de isx|gegmt+ xfdshdsogq`|t ilgpx xf` spe is xgxikkt pe vròx`h% Fiqdec hdsogq |`h xf`ypdq`|dec ieh |decdec spe+ sgm` isx|gegm |s fiq` ogmmèx`h xfix dx ds is daxf` spe `|` i stmrfget g|of`sx|i+ dxf ikk xf` desx|pmèxs l`dec rkit`hsdmpkxie gpskt% Ikk xf` qdl|ixdges ogmlde` ix xdm s xg r|ghpo` i e`xgsodkkixdge ge xf` sgki| sp|aio` xfix ds xfgpsiehs ga xdm`s sx|gec`| xfie ietdehdqdhpik qdl|ixdge% &X|%$

96% Epf+ 39%91%


41/298

89 @RDXGM@_ GA KDCFX H\GRK@X_ A\GM NEGSK@HC@ GA XF@ R\GRF@X 8?

Xf` r|glildkdxt ga spof ie `qèx adkks r`grk` ix xdm`s dxf x`||g|%

Isn tgp|s`ka f`xf`| spof deag|mixdge ds ga iet ps` xg tgp de

tgp| eg|mik+ g|hdei|t kda`% Mit Cgh l` ckg|dad`h) Fg mdscpdhieo`

xin`s ge xf` ag|m ga x|pxf) Xf` spe ieh dxs rkie`xs i|` lpx xf`

o|ìxp|`s ga xf` Ikk-Sds` Min`| ofi|c`h dxf o`|xide xisns ieh

spljpcix`h xg xf` Ogmmieh ieh Rg`| ga xf` O|ìxg|% H`srdx` dxs

fpc` sdz`+ xf` spe ds lpx i sdeck` sfdedec h|gr ge xf` aio` ga xf`

goìe ga xf` fìqès+ ge fdof i |it ga xf` Hdqde` Eim` xf` Kdcfx

ds mieda`sx`h%

Da sodèxdsxs ieh rfdkgsgrf`|s fih deokph`h de xf`d| dssp`s i kdcfx

a|gm xf` Yp|#ie ieh sidh+ ,Cgh ps`s xf`s` fpc` deiedmix` gljòxs

de dmrg|xiex xisns ag| xf` g|h`| ga xf` pedq`|s` ieh xf`t i|` de

pxmgsx gl`hdèo` xg Fdm+, xf`d| negk`hc` gpkh fiq` fih sgm`

mìedec% Lpx sdeo` xf`t ixx|dlpx` ^xf` o|ìxdge ga xf`s` o`k`sxdik

gljòxs ieh xf`d| mgq`mèxs ieh xf` xisns xf`t r`|ag|m] xg xf`

gljòxs xf`ms`kq s g| xg eixp|` ieh mix`|dik oips s+ xf`t i|`

deokph`h de xf` mìedec ga xf` Yp|#iedo q`|s`+ Xf` mie fg s`|q`s

gxf`| h`dxd`s l`sdh`s Cgh ds kdn` xf` mie fg aikks a|gm xf` snt ieh

xf` ld|hs fih seixof`h fdm+ g| xf` deh fih lkge fdm xg i ai|-gaa

rkio`% tì|s+ kdn` dxs mdepx` fieh>

ieh oèxp|d`s+ kdn` dxs fgp| fieh% Xf` deokpsdge ga srio` de dx

oips`s xf` ixmgsrf`| xg l`+ xf|gpcf xf` sr``h ga ofiec`s dx

peh`|cg`s+ kdn` xf` sògeh fieh% Xf` ì|xf+ xf|gpcf xf` ofiec`sgls`|q`h ge dx de rkiexs ieh iedmiks ieh dxf |`sròx xg kda` ieh

hìxf+ |`s`mlk`s xf` mdepx` fieh+ ieh xf|gpcf xf` mgq`mèxs de

dx ieh xf` ag|mixdge ga mgpexides+ xf` fgp| fieh% Xf` fìqès+

xf|gpcf xf` ofiec`s goop||dec de xf`m ieh xf|gpcf xf`

mgq`mèxs ga xf`d| gljòxs ieh xf` ld|xf ga e` sxi|s ieh hìxf ga

gkh ge`s+ i|` kdn` xf` ,hit, fieh%

Xf` g|kh ds lis`h ge xf`s` s`qè lisdo `k`mèxshit+ edcfx+

tì|+ oèxp|t+ ì|xf+ ixmgsrf`| + ieh fìqèsfdof+ de aiox+

mieda`sx xf` ioxs ga xf` Hdqde` Eim`s ieh xf` deso|drxdges ga xf`

Rè ga Hdqde` Rg`| ieh H`sxdet% Ikxfgpcf xf` g|kh lis h ge

xf`s `k`m exs ds mgqdec+ r`|dsfdec+ x|iesdèx+ jgp|e`tdec+ ieh

akgdec kdn` ix |+ f``hk sse`ss ieh eixp|ikdsm ogecìks dx+

mindec dx i q`dk gq`| xf` F`|ìax`|% Lt p|cdec r`grk` xg `vo`ssdq`

r| gooprixdge dxf sxphd`s ga eixp| ieh rfdkgsgrft+ xf`

hàòxdq`+ qdodgps rfdkgsgrft ieh og||prx odqdkdzixdge deo|ìs`s dx de

,hèsdxt, ieh ,griodxt%, Is ag| xf` Yp|#ie+ dx min`s xf` g|kh kdn`

oi|h`h ggk xf|gpcf dxs q`|s`s+ ieh min`s dx x|iesri|èx xf|gpcf

dxs `vr|`ssdges% Xf` Yp|#ie iksg m`kxs xf` g|kh xf|gpcf dxs |its+

smisf`s dxs dkkpsg|t `x`|edxt dxf dxs rg`|apk i|edecs icidesx

hìxf ieh `x`|eik rpedsfmèx+ ieh |`mgq`s f``hk`sse`ss oips`h

lt eixp|ikdsm dxf dxs xfpeh`|-kdn` ihmgedxdges% Sdxf dxs `ssèxdik

ofi|iox`|+ xf` g|kh ogeqpks`h de

?130

643?


42/298

88 @RDXGM@_ GA KDCFX H\GRK@X_ A\GM NEGSK@HC@ GA XF@ R\GRF@X 8 G snt+ dxffgkh &tgp|

|ide$%


46/298

DQ H\GRK@X_ A\GM NEGSK@HC@ GA XF@ R\GRF@X

xf` Yp|#ie &?0$> f`xf`| xf` Yp|#ie mèxdges sodèxdado aioxs+ da dx

hg`s+ fg7 &?3-88$> xf` Yp|#ie#s ieh sodèo`#s irr|giof xg xf`

pedq`|s` &?6-80$> mide rp|rgs`s ga xf` Yp|#ie &8 `kgypèo` ga

xf` Yp|#ie &80$

Xf` Yp|#ie ds pedyp` ieh l`tgeh ikk ogmri|` dxf xf` lìpxt

ga dxs g|h`| ieh ogmrgsdxdge+ xf` g|dcdeikdxt ieh pedypè`ss ga dxs

sxtk`s+ xf` spr`|dg|dxt+ `vo`kkèo` ieh oki|dxt ga dxs `vrkieixdges+

xf` rg`| ieh x|pxf ga dxs mìedecs+ ieh xf` rp|dxt ieh akpèot ga

dxs kiecpic`% Dxs mìedec ds sg ogmr|`fèsdq` xfix xf` r|deodrk`s

ga ikk `vioxdec jp|dsxs+ xf` xisx`s ga ikk cegsxdos+ ieh xf` rixfs ga ikk

itai| |s xg Cgh ieh rp|dad h+ r`|aòx`h sofgki|s fiq ikk

g|dcdeix h de dx% Dx fis l` e ilk xg |`mide g|dcdeik ieh a|`sf

xf|gpcf xf` ic`s% \ixf`|+ dxf xf` rissic` ga xdm`+ dx fis c|ge

`q`|-a|`sf`|+ sixdsad`h ikk k`q`ks ga negk`hc` ieh peh`|sxiehdec

de `q`|t ic`+ ieh sdkèo h xfgs` mgsx hdsxdecpdsf`h de |f`xg|do

ieh `kgypèo`% Deh `h dx fis mih` ikk fpmiendeh peilk` xg

r|ghpo` `qè i sdeck` q`|s` kdn` dx% &83$

Xfd|h x|ìxd`

Ri|xdopki| I|cpmèxsag| xf` \`sp||òxdge

De xf` Eim` ga Cgh+ xf` Ikk-M`|odapk+ xf` Ikk-Ogmrissdgeix`%

Ikk r|ids` l` xg Cgh+ xg Sfgs` eò`ssi|t `vdsxèo` ieh Pedxt ikk

xf` ixgms ieh ogmrgpehs ga xf` pedq`|s` x`sxdat dxf xf` xgecp`

ga xf`d| f`krk`sse`ss ieh rgq |xt ^l ag| Cgh]% Rìo` ieh

lk`ssdecs l` prge Fds R|grf`x+ xf` hdsogq`| | ga xf` sò| xs ga

o|ìxdge ieh xf` n`t xg dxs sdces ^ga Cgh#s `vdsxèo` ieh Pedxt]+ ieh

prge fds l|gxf`|s ga xf` R|grf`xs ieh M`ssèc`|s+ ieh xf` iec`ks

eì|`sx xg Cgh+ ieh prge xf` |dcfx`gps s`|qiexs ga Cgh imgec xf`

defildxiexs ga xf` fìqès ieh ì|xf%

Neg+ G a|dèh+ ge fgm eixp|ikdsm ieh hgcmixdo ihf`|èo`

xg oipsikdxt fiq` okgs`h xf` hgg| ga xfienscdqdec ^xg xf` O|ìxg|]

ieh grè`h xf` hgg| ga issgodixdec ri|xe`|s dxf Fdm% _p|`kt+issgodixdec ri|xe`|s dxf Cgh ieh pel kdà de Fdm+ xgc`xf`| dxf

dec|ixdxph` xg Fdm+ i|` lis`h ge deepm`|ilk` dmrgssdldkdxd`s%

Imgec xfgs` dmrgssdldkdxd`s+ ogesdh`| xf` agkkgdec gekt:

Da ie pel`kd`q`| ds iinè`h a|gm xf` dexgvdoixdge ga dceg|ieo`

ieh oie xfden ilgpx fds pel kdà de xf` kdcfx ga x|p sod exdado

negk`hc`+ f` dkk l` glkdc`h xg ionegk`hc` xfix f` fis

ixx|dlpx`h xg i sdeck` mdepx` ri|xdok` apeoxdges ieh mdssdges pe-

lì|ilk` ag| dx% F` dkk fiq` xg ihmdx xfix f` fis ioo`rx`h xfix

ìof ixgm fis mdkkdges ga miofde`s de dx ieh spof `vx|ig|hdei|t

sndkks is xg r|ghpo` ikk xf` splxk`xd`s ga i|x ogexide`h de ikk o|ì-

xp|`s% Ag| ìof ri|xdok` ga id|+ ag| `vimrk`+ oie èx`| ikk rkiexs+

akg`|s+ x|``s ieh a|pdxs+ ieh g|n xf`|`de% Da tgp hg egx ihmdx xfix

dx g|ns de xf` eim` ga Ge` de Sfgs` fieh ds xf` ndechgm ga ikk

xfdecs+ tgp dkk fiq` xg ioo`rx xfix dx negs fix`q`| dx


47/298

83 @RDXGM@_ GA KDCFX RI\XDOPKI\ I\CPM@EX_ AG\ XF@ \@_P\\@OXDGE 09

èx |s dxf ikk dxs ag|mixdge+ apeoxdges ieh aìxp|`s% Ogesdh | i

sdeck` a|pdx: dx ds xf` mdedixp|` ga xf` fgk` ga xf` x|``+ ieh dxs sxge`

ds kdn` xf` ric` f`| ikk xf` kda -fdsxg|t ga xf` x|`` fis l` e

deso|dl`h% \ixf`|+ i a|pdx ds ogeeòx`h dxf ikk xf` m`ml`|s ga dxs

sròd`s+ `qè xg xf` fgk` ga xf` ì|xf% Lòips` ga xfds+ lt qd|xp`

ga xf` c|ìxe`ss ga xf` i|x ieh mìedec dx ogexides+ i a|pdx ds is

c|ìx is xf` ì|xf de i|x% Xf`|àg|`+ xf` Ge` Sfg l|decs i a|pdx dexg

`vdsxèo` dxf ikk xf` i|x ieh mìedec dx fis+ oie pehgplx hkt

l|dec xf` ì|xf dexg l`dec ieh cgq`|e dx%

Neg G a|dèh) @q`|txfdec fis xg isr oxs: ge` dxs sès`h

rftsdoik isròx g| ag|m g| lght+ fdof+ kdn` i ci|mèx+ ds ,opx gpx,

ieh sfir`h ioog|hdec xg xf` mìsp|`s h`x`|mde`h lt xf` apeoxdges

ieh rp|rgs s issdce`h ag| dx de kda`% Xf` gxf | ds dxs dmmix |dik

isròx ogmrgs`h ga xf` spm ga xf` ag|ms dx fis xinè ge hp|dec dxsc|gxf de xf` ogp|s` ga xdm`% Xfds ds kdn` i od|ok` ag|m`h lt

sgm`xfdec dxf kdcfx ixxiof`h xg ge` èh srdeedec i|gpeh dxs`ka ix

sr``h% Xfds dmmix`|dik isròx ga sgm`xfdec ds+ de ge` |`sròx+ dxs

kda -fdsxg|t h`x |mde`h lt H`sxdet+ fdof ` oikk de `q |thit

kiecpic` ,xf` aix` g| h`sxdet ga xfdecs%, Sf`xf`| dxf |`sròx xg dxs

mix |dik isròx g| dxs dmmix`|dik ge`+ xf`|` i|` ds` rp|rgs s ag|

xf` `vdsx eo ieh kda` ga `q |txfdec% Xf` mix`|dik isr ox ga

sgm`xfdec |`ypd|`s Rg`|+ fdk` dx ds H`sxdet xfix h`x`|mde`s dxs

sfir` ieh c|gxf% Xfix ds+ H`sxdet h|is gpxkde`s ga sgm`xfdec g|

min`s dxs rkie ioog|hdec xg xf` rp|rgs`s Sdshgm fis issdce`h ag|

dx+ ieh Rg`| lpdkhs d x ioog|hdec xg xfix rkie%

G pel kd`q |) Sfè tgp |à | xg x|p` sodèxdado negk`hc` ieh

x|pxf+ tgp| dec|ixdxph` ieh pel`kdà dkk ogmr`k tgp xg ihmdx xfix

`q`|t mdepx` ri|xdok` ieh `q`|t ,eixp|ik, oips` fis negk`hc %

Xf`t mpsx fiq` is mpof negk`hc` is xg l` ilk` xg opx gpx

ci|mèxs is miet ieh hdaa`|èx is xf` epml`| ga xfdecs+ deokphdec+

`qè+ xf` ag|ms xf`t xin` ge hp|dec xf`d| c|gxf% K`x ikge` mdepx`ri|xdok`s+ `qè mie+ xf` a|pdx ga xf` x|`` ga o| ixdge ieh+

sprrgs hkt+ xf` mgsx rg |apk ga oips s ieh xf` mgsx

negk hcìlk` ga xf`m dxf i mgsx ogmr|`f esdq` dkk-rg`|+

oieegx opx gpx i sdeck` ci|mèx ag| i xfg|et

x|`` r|gr`|kt adxx`h ag| dx deokphdec ikk dxs m`ml`|s% Fg`q`|+ dxs

xf` Ikk-Sds` Min`| Sfg okgxf`s dx de `q`|-e` ci|mèxs hp|dec xf`

sxic`s ga dxs c|gxf% F` min`s ag| dx c|`è+ |dofkt hòg|ix`h ieh

mgsx adxxdec ci|mèxs q`|t sdaxkt ieh ìsdkt% Ikk ckg|t l` xg Fdm

Sfgs` ogmmieh+ fè F` dkks i xfdec+ ds gekt xg sit pexg dx+

,L`), ieh dx ds% Ckg|t l` xg Fdm de Skdgs` fieh ds xf` hgmdedge ga

ikk xfdecs ieh pexg Fdm tgp i|` |`xp|edec}

Neg G a|dèh) @q`|txfdec lì|s i sximr ieh sìk ri|xdopki| xg

xf` Ge`+ L`sgpcfx-ga-Ikk+ ieh fis sdces x`sxdatdec xfix F` ds xf`

Min`| ieh Ge`| ga ikk xfdecs% Gpx ga xf` deepm`|ilk` sximrs ga

Fds Geè`ss ieh sìks ga Fds l`dec xf` @x`|eikkt L`sgpcfx-ga-Ikk+

kggn+ da tgp dkk+ ix xf` sximr rkio`h ge xf` ric` ga xf` ì|xf de

sr|dec% Xf` agkkgdec spoo`ssd

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