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Some Definitions from Epidemiology
• Incidence New cases per some interval time
• Prevalence # of cases per some interval time
• Endemic Consistently non-zero prevalence
• Epidemic (increasing) incidence
• Pandemic World-wide incidence
• Sporadic Prevalence sometimes 0 but not predictably so
• Propagated epidemic incidence propagated by individual-to-individual transmission
• Common-source outbreak incidence propagated by something other than infected individuals
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Pandemic
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Sporadic
Fire Blight in pears is caused byErwinia amylovora
Which is a Facultatively Anaerobic Gram-Negative Rod
E. amylovora is an Enteric, not terribly different from Escherichia coli
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Por
tals
of E
ntry
We can look at pathogens in terms of how they enter the body…
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Por
tals
of E
xit
We can also understand pathogens in terms of how they leave the body…
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Mod
es o
f Tra
nsm
issi
on
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Horizontal Transmission
The above actually refers to the transmission of Culture (learned knowledge) between whales and dolphins
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Vertical Transmission
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Contact Transmission
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Dire
ct-C
onta
ct T
rans
mis
sion
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Direct Fecal-Oral Transmission
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Indirect-Contact Transmission
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Droplet Transmission
Less thanone meter
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Wat
erbo
rne
Tra
nsm
issi
on
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Airborne Transmission
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Foo
dbor
ne T
rans
mis
sion
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Nos
ocom
ial I
nfec
tions
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Exogenous Infections
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Endogenous Infection
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