EPD_Löntsch_e_v2_Juni_12

7/30/2019 EPD_Lntsch_e_v2_Juni_12

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Valid until 4 March 2015

Lntsch high head storage power plant

Environmental Product Declaration


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Environmental Product Declaration2 I 3


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Summary

Company

Axpo AG, a wholly owned subsidiary o the Axpo

Holding AG, is the leading Swiss electricityproducer. For more than 90 years, Axpo AG has

guaranteed a reliable supply of elect ricity. Hydro-

electric and nuclear power plants cover the base

load. Fluctuating demand and peak loads are bal-

anced using storage and pumped storage plants.

Product and declared unit

The high head storage power plant on the Lntsch

is wholly owned by Axpo AG. Utilising head o 370 m

and its 60 Megawatt (MW) installed capacity to pro-

duce valuable peak load energy, Lntsch Power

Station makes an important contribution to the elec-tricity production requirements in North-East

Switzerland.

The declared product is 1 kilowatt hour (kWh) net

electricity generated by Lntsch power plant and

thereater distributed to a customer connected to

the Axpo AG network during the reerence year

2009/10 (1October to 30September).

The International EPD System

The international EPD system managed by the In-

ternational EPD Cooperation (IEC) is a Type III envi-

ronmental declaration programme according to ISO

14025. The relevant governing documents in hierar-

chical order are PCR-CPC 17, General Programme In-

structions or environmental product declaration

(EPD), ISO 14025 and ISO 14044. Electricity belongs

to the product category UNCPC Code 17, Group

171 Electrical energy.

Verifcation o the results presented

The complete material presented in this EPD has

been reviewed and certied by the accredited certi-cation body Bureau Veritas Certication Sweden.

Environmental impact o electricity generation

in the Lntsch power plant

The Lie-Cycle Assessmentt methodology has been

applied to quantiy the environmental impact. It

comprises the ull electricit y generation process and

all associated processes rom cradle to grave.

The main results o the Lie-Cycle Assessment (LCA)

are summarized in the table below. Further results

including resource depletion and land usage as well

as inormation on biodiversity or hydrology are givenin the EPD.

Environmental impact Unit 1 kWh net electricity atLntsch power plant

1 kWh net electricity atAxpo AG customer

Greenhouse gases (100 years) g CO2-equivalents 4.68 (4.13 to 6.28) 4.90 (4.39 to 6.53)

Ozone-depleting gases g CFC-11-equivalents 2.66 107 (1.78 107 to 4.63 107) 2.75 107 (1.83 107 to 4.55 107)

Formation o ground-level ozone g ethylene-equivalents 2.97 103 (2.42 103 to 4.24 103) 3.09 103 (2.54 103 to 4.54 103)

Acidiying substances g SO2-equivalents 1.80 102 (1.53 102 to 2.28 102) 1.88 102 (1.61 102 to 2.34 102)

Eutrophying substances g PO43-equivalents 4.58 103 (1.85 103 to 1.75 102) 4.74 103 (1.99 103 to 1.84 102)

Depletion o ossil resources MJ-equivalents 5.61 102 (4.79 102 to 7.07 102) 5.85 102 (5.07 102 to 7.32 102)

All results are rounded.


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Table o contents

1 Introduction 5

1.1 The declared product 5

1.2 The environmental declaration and the international EPD system 5

1.3 Axpo AG, LCA and EPD 5

2 Manuacturer and product 6

2.1 Axpo AG 6

2.2 Product system description 6

2.2.1 The Lntsch power plant 6

2.2.2 Electricity production lie cycle in the Lntsch power plant 8

3 Environmental impact declaration 9

3.1 The Lie-Cycle Assessment methodology 9

3.2 System boundaries, allocations, and data sources 9

3.2.1 Core processes 10

3.2.2 Upstream processes 10

3.2.3 Downstream processes 11

3.3 Ecoproile o electricity generation 11

3.4 Uncertainty analysis 15

3.5 Dominance analysis and conclusions 16

4 Additional environmental inormation 18

4.1 Land use 18

4.2 Hydrology, river morphology and hydrogeology 184.2.1 Hydrology 18

4.2.2 River morphology 19

4.2.3 Ground water and springs 19

4.3 Biodiversity 20

4.3.1 Federal inventory o national signiicance in Klntal 20

4.3.2 Impact o the power plant on its environment 21

4.4 Environmental risks 22

4.5 Electromagnetic ields 22

4.6 Noise and vibrations 22

5 Certiication body and mandatory statements 23

5.1 Inormation rom the certiication body 23

5.2 Mandatory statements 23

5.2.1 General statements 23

5.2.2 Omissions o lie-cycle stages 23

5.2.3 Means o obtaining explanatory materials 23

5.2.4 Inormation on veriication 23

6 Links and reerences 24

7 Frequently used abbreviations 25


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1 Introduction

1 Coordination o Inormation on the Environment: http://terrestrial.eionet.europa.eu/CLC2000/classes

The principal documents or the EPD system are in

order o hierarchical importance:

Product Category Rules, PCR-CPC 17, (ProductCategory Rules or preparing an Environmental

Product Declaration or Electricit y, Steam, and Hot

and Cold Water Generation and Dist ribution),

Version 2.01.

GeneralProgrammeInstructionsforEnvironmental

Product Declarations, EPD, Version 1.0.

ISO14025onTypeIIIenvironmentaldeclarations.

ISO14040andISO14044onLife-CycleAssess-

ment (LCA).

This EPD contains an environmental perormance

declaration based on LCA. Additional environmentalinormation is presented in accordance with the

PCR:

Informationonlandtransformationbasedona

categorisation according to CORINE1 Land Cover

Classes.

Informationonbiodiversity.

Informationonhydrology,hydrogeologyandriver

morphology.

Informationonenvironmentalrisks.

Informationonelectromagneticelds.

Informationonnoise.

1.3 Axpo AG, LCA and EPD

There are many reasons to declare the environmen-

tal impact o electricity production. For Axpo AG,

the decisive reasons are:

Electricitygenerationisafundamentalcomponent

o modern society, as electricity is required or the

production o most goods and the delivery o

almost all services. Thereore, as the largest

electricity producer in Switzerland, Axpo AG

wants to take the initiative in communicating

clearly and reliably.Thescienticassessmentandrigorousminimisa-

tion o environmental impact are core pillars o

Axpo AGs sustainability strategy. Our main goal is

to minimize green house gas emissions throughout

the entire lie cycle. An EPD environmental de-

claration is a reliable oundation or the quantita-

tive description o the environmental impact using

a number o environmental indicators and taking

into account the total production cycle.

For questions concerning this EPD contact

Axpo AG Sustainability, [email protected] additional inormation about Axpo AG, please

visit our website at www.axpo.ch.

1.1 The declared product

This document constitutes the certied Environ-

mental Product Declaration (EPD) o electricityrom the high head storage power plant on the

Lntsch. The Lntsch power plant is wholly owned

by Axpo AG, a subsidiary o Axpo Holding AG.

The declared product is 1 kWh net electricity

generated at the Lntsch high head storage power

plant and thereater distributed to a customer

connected to the Axpo AG grid network during

the reerence year 2009/2010 (1 October to 30

September).

The Lntsch power plant was built between 1905and 1908. Operating in conjunction with the Beznau

run-o-river power plant in the lower Aare valley,

the Lntsch power plant was, in the early twentieth

century, the rst signicant example in Switzerland o

the coordinated operation o a high head storage

plant and a low head run-o-river plant. The Lntsch

power plant utilises a 370 m head to provide up to

60 MW o valuable peak load power, thus making an

important contribution to a secure supply o electric-

ity in North-East Switzerland.

1.2 The environmental declaration and the

international EPD system

The primary purpose o the international EPD

system is to support companies in the assessment

and publication o the environmental perormance

o their products and services so that they will be

credible and understandable. To this end it:

offersacompleteTypeIIIenvironmentaldeclara-

tion programme or any interested organisation in

any country to develop and communicate EPDs

according to ISO 14025;

supportsotherEPDprogrammes(i.e.national,sectorial, etc.) in seeking cooperation and harmo-

nization and helping organisations to broaden the

use o their EPDs advantageously on the interna-

tional market.

This Environmental Product Declaration conorms to

the standards o the International EPD Consortium

(IEC), www.environdec.com. EPD is a system or the

international application o Type III environmental

declarations conorming to ISO 14025 standards.

The international EPD system and its applications

are described in the general programme

instructions.


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Schwyz Glarus

Flood plains

Vord.Glrnisch

Rossmatter-Kln

Power station /Machine house

Sulzbach

Richisauer-KlnRuestelchopfintake

Lake Klntal

Lntsch

Linth

Penstock

Pressure shaft

Surge tanks

Head race tunnels

Rhodannenbergdam wall

Lntsch ravine

2 Manuacturer and product

2.1 Axpo AG

Axpo AG is a wholly owned subsidiary o Axpo

Holding AG. The Axpo group is a leading Swiss energycompany supplying electricity to about three million

people. Axpo AG uses run-of-river power plants and

nuclear power plants to cover the base load.

Fluctuating demand and peak loads are balanced

through storage and pumped storage systems. Key

gures o the energy procurement o the Axpo AG orthe 2009/2010 nancial year are summarized in the

table below.

2.2 Product system description

2.2.1 The Lntsch power plant

The power plant on the Lntsch was built during the

period rom 1905 to 1908. It was the rst high head

storage power plant built in Switzerland. Ater 60

years o operation, the plant was ully overhauled

between 1971 and 1975. At that time, the relevant

communes agreed to prolong the original 100-year

concession by 30 years to 2038. The Lntsch power

plant utilizes the run o rom a catchment area o

83 km2 with an annual average run-o volume o

143 million m3, a gross head o 370 m and a discharge

rate o 20 m3/s.

Energy procurement 2009/10 Axpo AG [GWh]

Nuclear power plants 16 377

Hydroelectric plants 5 565

New renewable energies 105

Gas and other conventional thermal power plants 0

From third-parties and trading 9 840

Total 31 887

Overview o the systems and installations at the Lntsch power plant


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The dam installation

The original Klntal Lake was ormed as the result o

a huge prehistoric landslide rom the Wiggis massi inthe area where the Klntal valley narrows between

Rhodannenberg and Sackberg. The reservoir capacity

o the natural lake was increased by the construction

o an earth dam wall with an impermeable clay core.

The dam wall lies on landslide debris compacted by

natural mud deposits. The dam is up to 110 m thick

and up to 21.5 m high, while the crown o the dam is

6 m thick and 220 m wide. The utilizable reservoir

capacity is 39.8 million m3. For energy production

only the additional reservoir capacity that was creat-

ed by the dam construction is used. The residual

water channel o the Lntsch leads rom the Rhodan-nenberg dam about 5.1 km down to Netstal, where it

meets the water discharged rom the power plant.

One kilometre urther downstream, the Lntsch fows

into the Linth. A trumpet spillway in Lake Klntal

discharges food waters into the dams bottom outlet

tunnels with a maximum capacity o 47 m3/s. This

prevents the dam rom overfowing in the event o

excessive infows when the lake is already ull. The

water intakes or the Lntsch power plant are located

around 740 m west o the Rhodannenberg dam well

in the Ruestelchop area. From the intakes, the uti-

lized water fows along the 4 km long head race to

the surge tank. From here, the water fows through

steel-lined pressure shat and penstock into the

distribution pipes in the power station. Ater passing

through the turbine, the water either fows through a

short tail race then into the Lntsch or is transerred

directly to the lower-lying Dorbach power plant.

The power station

The machine house contains two vertical-axis Francis

turbines, each rated at a maximum o 40 MW. Anhorizontal-axis 8 MW Pelton turbine utilizes the

concessionary minimum discharge and produces

electricit y or the plants own requirements. The

capacity o the head race tunnels limits the maximum

water discharge rate to 20 m3/s. I both main turbines

are operated the maximum power available is 60 MW.

On average, 120 million kWh are produced per year.

The annual operation at maximum generator peror-

mance is 2000 hours. The electricity generated is

distributed via Axpos 50-kV and 16-kV networks.

Maintenance and serviceThe Lntsch power plant operator together with

the cantonal authorities are responsible or the main-

tainance o the road along Lake Kntal. The power

plant sta are also responsible or keeping the shores

o the lake and the various picnic sites clean. To pre-

serve trees growing around picnic sites, rewood is

provided or tourists and hikers in the summer months.

The power plant operator is also responsible or

the maintenance o the hiking trails in the lake area.

Access or maintenance and operation is either by

means o the road to Lake Klntal or the aerial cable-

way up to the surge tank.


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2.2.2 Electricity production lie-cycle in the

Lntsch power plant

Core processes: construction, operation anddismantling o the power plant

The core processes involve the operation and the

construction and dismantling o the power station

and all associated installations. The construction

includes all the works associated with the reservoir

and the production o the required materials: the

building o the dam wall, the intakes, the penstock,

the power station, the surge tanks and the transport

cableway, as well as the excavation o the head race

tunnels. The energy required or the construction,

mainly diesel uel, is also included in the core pro-

cess. The power plant was built between 1905 and1908. In 1975, some parts were reurbished: the pow-

er station, the surge tanks and the pressure tunnels

were rebuilt. Parts installed ater the construction

were also taken into consideration. This includes the

turbines, cranes, generators, transormers, emergen-

cy power supply and all the general electrical equip-

ment. Operational inputs in the reerence year in-

clude the uel used by vehicles and emergency ge-

nerators, the oil required or heating the buildings

and the chemicals required during operations

mainly lubricating oil.

Additionally, methane emissions are considered in the

core processes. Methane is ormed mainly in lake

sediments and may diuse through the water column

to the lake surace or it is released as consequence o

water turbining. Regarding the situation o lake Kln-

tal, methane emissions via the lake surace can only

be partly attributed o the anthropogenic use ohydropower as the lake had already been ormed

earlier by a natural landslide.

Upstream processes: Preparation o the operating

materials

For the purposes o this study the upstream processes

reer to the production o electricity and lubricating oil

used as inputs to the core process.

Downstream processes: distribution o electricity

The Lntsch power plant produces electricity, which

is ed into the Axpo AG inter-regional grid that sup-plies electricity to consumers throughout the area

covered by the Axpo network. This distribution net-

work consists o a total o 2006 km o high voltage

(110/50 kV) and 60 km o medium voltage (16 kV)

power lines. Axpo AG customers are usually publicly-

owned electric utilities in Switzerland that transorm

and distribute electricity to end customers. During

the reerence year 2009/10, 16.5 Terrawatthours

(TWh) electricity were distributed via the Axpo AG

network. Total losses due to the distribution within the

Axpo AG network amounted to approximately 130

gigawatt hours (GWh) in 2009/10, which corresponds

to 0.8 %.

2 Manuacturer and product


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3 Environmental impact declaration

3.1 The Lie-Cycle Assessment methodology

According to the ISO 14025 standard, the LCA meth-

odology was applied to quantiy the global environ-mental impact. LCA is a clearly structured ramework

based on international standards2that acilitates the

quantication and assessment o emissions to the

environment and resource usage along the entire

electricity production chain. The LCA ndings include

comprehensive assessments o the overall energy,

mass and emission fows and the proportionate con-

tributions o each o the key processes involved.

Furthermore, it also provides quantication o signi-

cant environmental indicators, such as greenhouse

gas emissions. However, despite these advantages,

there are some issues beyond the scope o an LCA.For example, the LCA study only takes into account

the normal operating conditions and processes.

Unusual process conditions such as accidents are

excluded. Additionally, while attempting to consider

the big picture or total process chain, one can

easily loose sight o the local environmental eects

e.g. the impact on fora and auna in the immediate

vicinity o the power plant. Finally, an LCA study onlyquanties environmental impacts; no economic, social

or ethical aspects are considered.

3.2 System boundaries, allocations,

and data sources

The LCA comprises the ull plant lie-cycle and associ-

ated processes rom cradle to grave, starting with

the construction o the plant and the installation o

the equipment, ollowed by the operation o the plant

and ending with the dismantling and restoration o

the original conditions. The reerence period is the

2009/10 year. The period chosen covers one businessyear o the Lntsch power plant. The gure below is a

simplied process chain with system boundaries or

the LCA o electricity rom the Lntsch power plant.

2 ISO 14040 and ISO 14044 as well as Product Category Rules, PCR-CPC17

Simplied process chain o electricity generation and distribution rom Lntsch power plant during the reerence year 2009/10.

LCA system boundaries

Upstream processes Core processes Downstream processes

Production of chemicalsand electricity

Operation of theLntsch power plant

Installations (e.g. turbine

components, cranes,generators, transformers)

Distribution inthe Axpo AG network

Infrastructure

Construction anddecommissioning ofthe power plant, e. g.power house and dam


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Data or all processes in the process chain presented

above were gathered rom the original construction

plans or provided directly by the operating personnelo the Lntsch power plant. These data provide a

reliable basis or an LCA study. For the calculation o

the LCA results, all available data were used without

a cut-o or supposedly unimportant data. Relevant

data on material and energy supply (power mix, heat

and process steam), building material supply (e.g.

steel and concrete production), transport services

and waste treatment processes were taken rom the

ecoinvent database3. The ecoinvent database is a

joint initiative o institutes and departments o the

Swiss Federal Institute o Technology and provides

consistent, transparent and quality-assured Lie-CycleInventory (LCI) data.

3.2.1 Core processes

All the materials used or the construction o the

Lntsch Power Plant (stone and clay) as well as the

energy used or digging the head race tunnels were

recorded in detail and published in a special edition

o the Schweizerische Bauzeitung4 (Swiss Construc-

tion Newspaper) as early as 1910. The volumes o

materials used or the new power plant constructions

undertaken in 1975 were estimated by experts. The

lie span o the plant was assumed to be 80 years. The

assessment o the type and quantities o materials

required or the installations (turbines, generatorsand electrotechnology etc.) was made by the operat-

ing personnel. A specic, technical lie span was

estimated or each installation. The amounts o uel

and consumption o auxiliary materials were taken

rom internal records.

Methane emissions were measured in 2011 applying

various methods. The measuring program was per-

ormed by the Swiss Federal Institute o Aquatic

Science and Technology EAWAG5. The specic meth-

ane emission actors vary between 0.3 to 3.1 mg CH4

m-2 d-1 depending on the applied measuring method.According to EAWAG this result corresponds to

typical emission actors ound in alpine lakes.

3.2.2 Upstream processes

Data on the impact o the production o heating oil,

uel and auxiliary materials as well as the assumptions

about the electric power mix or the operational

needs o the power station were taken rom the eco-

invent database.


3 ecoinvent database 2007, Swiss Centre or Lie-Cycle Inventories, http://www.ecoinvent.org4 Elektrizittswerk am Lntsch, Baden, in Schweizerische Bauzeitung, Band LV and LVI, 19105 Report Methane emissions rom lake Klntal, EAWAG, January 2012


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3.2.3 Downstream processes

Comprehensive data on the operation o the Axpo AG

distribution grid, such as distribution losses or Sulphur-hexafuoride SF6 emissions was available. Swiss-specic

data on the construction and decommissioning o the

high voltage and medium voltage transmission grid

was taken rom the ecoinvent database. Generic trans-

port distances or the consumption o auxiliary mate-

rials were used likewise based on ecoinvent data.

3.3 Ecoprofle o electricity generation

Results o the LCA are presented in the Ecoprole

tables below and then discussed in greater depth

thereater. More detailed LCA results were available

to the certiying body. Quantities are expressed perdeclared unit 1 kWh generated electricity (net) at

Lntsch power plant during the reerence year

2009/10. The annual electricity production in the

Lntsch reservoir power station varies greatly de-

pending on the meteorological conditions which

determine the water collection in the catchment area

o Lake Klntal. Thereore, this report also declares

an annual operational average kWh i. e. the annual

average net production o 1 kWh o electricity over

the past ten years o operation.

The ecoprole consist o various types o LCA results

that can be summarized in three categories:

Lie-Cycle Inventory (LCI) results:

Inventory results are direct emissions to and re-

source consumption rom the environment. Exam-

ples o inventory results are CO2 emissions or

the quantities o copper used.

Life-CycleImpactAssessment(LCIA)results:

In the impact assessment, inventory results that

contribute to the same environmental impact (e.g.

climate change due to increasing greenhouse gas

concentrations in the atmosphere) are grouped and

their importance in relation to a specic basic sub-stance is characterized with a actor (e.g. global

warming potential o greenhouse gases in relation

to CO2).

Materialows:

This category includes waste material and materialrecycling processes and fows.


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Ecoproile Resource use

Unit Upstreamprocesses

Core processesoperation

Core processesinrastructure

Per kWh atpower plant

Per kWh atcustomer

Non-renewable material resources

Gravel and sand g 1.71 101 7.89 103 2.81 101 2.83 101 2.85 101

Calcite g 3.36 102 8.88 104 1.79 1.83 1.85

Iron g 8.36 103 8.33 104 4.85 101 4.95 10-1 5.28 10-1

Clay g 8.89 103 2.83 104 6.59 6.60 6.66

Nickel g 7.92 104 2.11 105 2.70 102 2.79 102 2.84 102

Chromium g 3.38 104 6.41 106 1.02 102 1.06 102 1.07 102

Barite g 4.62 104 3.44 104 7.76 104 1.58 103 1.65 103

Aluminium g 5.95 104 6.24 106 6.80 103 7.40 103 1.54 102

Fluorite g 1.97 104 5.72 106 1.67 104 3.70 104 3.99 104

Copper g 6.53 104 1.01 105 2.60 102 2.67 102 2.77 102

Magnesite g 9.47 105 1.10 105 7.16 103 7.27 103 7.34 103

Zinc g 1.08 105 2.31 106 2.63 104 2.76 104 3.64 104

Kaolinite g 1.05 105 5.91 108 5.88 105 6.94 105 7.09 105

Uranium g 1.46 104 1.41 107 7.14 106 1.53 104 1.55 104

Zirconium g 1.07 109 1.02 1010 3.96 109 5.13 109 5.36 109

Renewable material resources

Wood m3 7.88 108 2.25 1010 2.04 108 9.18 108 9.53 108

Non-renewable ossil energy resources

Hard coal MJ-equivalents

8.34 103 6.04 105 1.62 102 2.46 102 2.59 102

Crude oil MJ-equivalents

2.78 103 3.99 103 7.95 103 1.47 102 1.53 102

Natural gas MJ-equivalents

6.34 103 2.47 104 4.06 103 1.07 102 1.10 102

Lignite MJ-equivalents

4.66 103 2.38 105 1.10 103 5.79 103 5.94 103

Renewable energy resources

Energy, in biomass kWh 2.02 104 6.64 107 5.98 105 2.63 104 2.72 104

Converted kinetic energy inwind power

kWh 5.38 105 2.74 107 1.22 105 6.62 105 6.72 105

Converted potential energy inhydropower

kWh 4.17 103 1.23 3.85 104 1.23 1.24

Converted solar energy kWh 3.85 106 5.02 109 2.41 107 4.10 106 4.14 106

Electricity consumption inLntsch PP

kWh 2.44 102 2.44 102 2.71 102

Use o recycled material

Aluminium scrap g 2.27 104 3.38 106 2.44 103 2.67 103 5.92 103

Iron scrap g 4.99 103 5.39 104 3.30 10-1 3.36 101 3.46 101

Copper scrap g 2.06 104 3.20 106 8.24 103 8.45 103 8.76 103

Lead scrap g 1.18 104 1.81 106 2.68 105 1.47 104 4.69 104

Other scrap rom electronicdevices

g 1.49 107 2.28 108 3.38 102 3.38 102 3.41 102

Other recycled metal g 3.65 109 1.17 1010 3.05 109 6.81 109 7.01 109

Water consumption

Freshwater g 1.01 102 9.64 10-1 6.91 101 1.71 102 1.76 102

Saltwater g 4.79 8.53 102 5.80 10-1 5.46 5.55

Water or turbining m3 9.23 102 1.20 1.33 102 1.30 1.31


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Ecoproile Pollutant emissions





Per kWh atcustomer

Airborne emissions impact assessment results

Greenhouse gases (100 years) g CO2-equivalents

1.54 4.99 101 2.64 4.68 4.90

Ozone-depleting gases g CFC-11-equivalents

1.05 107 3.87 108 1.22 107 2.66 107 2.75 107

Formation o ground-levelozone

gethylene-equivalents

5.99 104 2.95 104 2.07 103 2.97 103 3.09 103

Acidiying substances g SO2-equivalents

6.19 103 6.21 104 1.12 102 1.80 102 1.88 102

Airborne emissions contributing to given impact assessment results

Ammonia g 2.92 105 5.35 106 2.29 104 2.63 104 2.74 104

Carbon dioxide, ossil g 1.44 2.97 10-1 2.49 4.22 4.37

Carbon monoxide, biogenic g 1.75 105 4.74 108 7.39 106 2.50 105 2.92 105

Carbon monoxide, ossil g 7.81 104 7.24 104 1.58 102 1.73 102 1.89 102

Dinitrogen monoxide g 9.89 105 5.55 106 4.97 105 1.54 104 1.58 104

Methane, bromodiluoro-,Halon 1211

g 8.45 109 5.09 10-11 4.77 109 1.33 108 1.36 108

Methane, bromotriluoro-,Halon 1301

g 2.16 109 3.64 109 7.08 109 1.29 108 1.34 108

Methane, biogenic, total g 2.13 104 8.39 103 1.84 105 8.62 103 8.69 103

Methane, biogenic, rom lakeKlntal and PP

g 8.39 103 8.39 103 8.46 103

Methane, ossil g 2.63 103 2.79 104 4.29 103 7.19 103 7.51 103

Nitrogen oxides g 2.68 103 5.38 104 6.69 103 9.90 103 1.02 102

NMVOC, non-methanevolatile organic compounds

g 3.04 104 1.93 104 1.22 103 1.72 103 1.77 103

Sulphur dioxide g 4.80 103 3.43 104 7.49 103 1.26 102 1.32 102

Other relevant non-radioactive airborne emissions

Carbon dioxide, biogen g 9.20 102 2.57 104 3.69 102 1.29 101 1.32 101

Particles, 10 m g 9.55 104 2.02 105 4.29 103 5.27 103 5.54 103

Arsenic g 2.25 107 4.48 109 6.77 106 7.00 106 7.26 106

Cadmium g 7.11 108 4.46 109 2.26 106 2.34 106 2.42 106

Dioxins g 2.05 1013 1.60 1014 5.88 1012 6.10 1012 6.36 1012

PAH, polycyclic aromatic

hydrocarbons

g 1.28 107 4.26 109 9.30 107 1.06 106 1.69 106

Radioactive airborne emissions

Carbon 14 kBq 2.84 104 2.60 107 1.31 105 2.98 104 3.01 104

Krypton (all isotopes) kBq 1.01 104 1.06 107 5.21 106 1.06 104 1.07 104

Radon (all isotopes) kBq 1.11 101 1.09 104 5.39 103 1.16 101 1.17 101

Waterborne emissions impact assessment results

Eutrophying substances g PO43--

equivalents8.87 104 9.56 105 3.59 103 4.58 103 4.74 103

Waterborne emissions contributing to given impact assessment results

Phosphate g 4.77 104 3.40 106 2.58 103 3.06 103 3.17 103

COD, Chemical OxygenDemand

g 8.12 104 8.60 104 1.97 103 3.65 103 3.81 103


14/26



Ecoproile Pollutant emissions





Per kWh atcustomer

Other relevant non-radioactive waterborne emissions

Ammonium, ion g 1.73 105 4.13 107 6.37 106 2.41 105 2.47 105

Nitrate g 6.48 105 8.46 107 8.02 105 1.46 104 1.51 104

Sulphate g 8.78 103 5.53 105 2.79 102 3.68 102 3.80 102

Oil g 2.52 104 2.69 104 5.57 104 1.08 103 1.13 103

Radioactive waterborne emissions

Tritium H3 kBq 8.24 102 9.83 105 4.85 103 8.74 102 8.84 102

Other relevant non-radioactive emissions soil

Oil g 2.63 104 2.74 10-4 5.45 104 1.08 103 1.13 103

Ecoproile Waste and material subjectto recycling





Per kWh atcustomer

Hazardous waste radioactive

SF/HLW/ILW in inal repository m3 6.47 1011 6.93 1014 3.46 1012 6.82 1011 6.90 1011

LLW in inal repository m3 3.01 1010 2.90 1013 1.46 1011 3.16 1010 3.19 1010

Hazardous waste non-radioactive

Hazardous waste toincineration

g 5.03 104 2.32 103 1.21 102 1.49 102 1.53 102

Other waste

Non-hazardous waste tolandill

g 1.66 101 1.65 103 5.16 101 6.84 101 7.21 101

Non-hazardous waste orrecycling

g 2.02 1014 4.39 1015 1.41 101 1.41 101 1.42 101

Non-hazardous waste orincineration

g 5.03 104 2.32 103 1.21 102 1.49 102 1.53 102


15/26


3.4 Uncertainty analysis

The purpose o the uncertainty analysis is to quan-

tiy the variability o the calculated lie-cycle assess-ment results. The variability results rom the act

that the input and output parameters or the entire

process chain (e.g. annual electricity production,

methane emissions) are not precise values, but can

fuctuate instead. To this end, probability distribu-

tions are assigned to the values o input and output

parameters. Probability distributions were taken

rom the ETH ecoinvent database or all background

processes6. Additional probability distributions were

dened or the most important processes modeled

in the present study. For example, the annual elec-

tricity production o the Lntsch power plant and

methane emissions rom lake Klntal are dominantwith regard to most o the lie cycle impact assess-

ment categories. To dene the variability o these

parameters, data o annual electricity production

over the past ten years were used as a basis. Re-

garding methane emissions, emission actors o the

dierent measuring methods were used as well as

assumptions regarding the infuence o the anthro-

pogenic use o lake Klntal are considered. The

table below summarizes the main assumptions used

or the scenarios in the uncertainty analysis.

Reerence scenario or theoperating year 09/10

Scenario minimal environmentalimpact

Scenario maximumenvironmental impact

Methane emission actor 3 mg m-2 d-1 0.2 mg m-2 d-1 3 mg m-2 d-1

Surace o lake Klntalwhich is aected by theelectricity production

Changes in surace area due topower plant operation (1.9 km2)

Changes in surace area due topower plant operation (1.9 km2)

Total surace area o lake Klntal(3.3 km2)

Annual methaneemissions

0.69 Tons 0.14 Tons 3.61 Tons

Electricity production 104.9 GWh (10a average) 122.1 GWh (2010/11) 85.8 GWh (2009/10)


In order to calculate the variability o the lie cycle

impact assessment result s, repeated random sam-

pling using a Monte Carlo algorithm was per ormed.

The uncertainty range is dened in this s tudy as the

95 % interval o the sampled distribution. Hence, the

minimum value is determined as the 2.5th percentile

and the maximum value as the 97.5th percentile.

Results o the Monte Carlo analysis are given in the

tables below.

6 Ecoinvent report No 1, Overview and Methodology, published by the Swiss Centre or Lie Cycle Inventories 2007

1 kWh net electricity at Lntsch power plant

Environmental impact Unit Value calculatedwithout uncer-tainty

Median(50th percentile)

Minimum value(2.5th percentile)

Maximumvalue (97.5thpercentile)

Greenhouse gases (100 years) g CO2-equivalents 4.68 5.14 4.13 6.28

Ozone-depleting gases g CFC-11-equivalents 2.66 107 2.69 107 1.78 107 4.63 107


g ethylene-equivalents 2.97 103 3.10 103 2.42 103 4.24 103

Acidiying substances g SO2-equivalents 1.80 102 1.87 102 1.53 102 2.28 102

Eutrophying substances g PO43--equivalents 4.58 103 3.31 103 1.85 103 1.75 102

Depletion o ossil resources MJ-equivalents 5.61 102 5.81 102 4.79 102 7.07 102


16/26




1 kWh net electricity at Axpo AG customer

Environmental impact Unit Value calculatedwithoutuncertainty

Median(50th percentile)

Minimum value(2.5th percentile)

Maximumvalue (97.5thpercentile)

Greenhouse gases (100 years) g CO2-equivalents 4.90 5.34 4.39 6.53

Ozone-depleting gases g CFC-11-equivalents 2.75 107 2.79 107 1.83 107 4.55 107


g ethylene-equivalents 3.09 103 3.24 103 2.54 103 4.54 103

Acidiying substances g SO2-equivalents 1.88 102 1.95 102 1.61 102 2.34 102

Eutrophying substances g PO43--equivalents 4.74 103 3.41 103 1.99 103 1.84 102

Depletion o ossil resources MJ-equivalents 5.85 102 6.08 102 5.07 102 7.32 102

3.5 Dominance analysis and conclusions

The contribution o the dierent lie-cycle stages to

the overall results are shown in the gure below or

all lie-cycle impact categories. The lie-cycle stages

comprise:

Upstreamprocesses: Production o electricity

rom grid and lubricants.

Coreprocessesoperation: Use o heating oil

and diesel as well as methane emissions rom lake

Klntal and rom turbined water.

Coreprocessesinfrastructure: Materials and

energy used or construction and dismantling o

the power station (dam, power house etc.) and the

installation o components in the power station

(turbines, generators etc.).

Downstreamprocesses: Distribution o electric-

ity within the Axpo grid.

Dominance analysis

Depletion of fossil resources

Eutrophying substances

Acidifying substances

Formation of ground-level ozone

Ozone-depleting gases

Greenhouse gases (100 years)

Upstream processes

Core processes operation

Core processes infrastructure

Downstream processes

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%


17/26

The overall comparison o the lie-cycle stages

shows that upstream processes as well as inra-

structure and installations o the power plant con-tribute most to the total environmental impact.

Regarding the upstream process, the production o

electricit y rom grid used or operational purposes is

dominant. The storage power plant Lntsch ope-

rates at ull power or roughly 2000 hours per year.

During this time the internal operational power re-

quirements are covered. At other times the plants

own needs are drawn rom the grid.

For the inrastructure, the most important process is

the production o cement. For the installations, the

decisive actors are the production o copper or thegenerators and steel or the turbines and the pen-

stock.

The lie-cycle stages operation as well as distr ibu-

tion are o minor importance. The operation also

includes methane emission rom lake Klntal and

rom turbining. In the impact category greenhouse

gases ossil carbon dioxide dominates with a 90 %-

share. Biogenic methane contributes with 4 % to the

overall result only.


18/26


4.2 Hydrology, river morphology and

hydrogeology

4.2.1 Hydrology

Lake Klntal is a seasonal reservoir which is lled

aresh three to our times during the year. The lake

level varies between 829 m above sea level (asl) and

847 m asl. However, the lake surace is only lowered

to the minimum level during maintenance work. A

minimum level o 844.50 m asl is always maintained

between the 1 July and 31 October. The pictures

below allow a comparison o the natural Lake Klntal

prior to 1905 and the lake today at maximum reser-

voir capacity. The pre-1905 picture also shows the

entrance to the corporation tunnels o the Stream

Associates (an association o the water-powered

actories in Netstal) who used the water o Lake Kln-

tal prior to 1900 to power their spinning mills and

other actories in Netstal.

4 Additional environmental inormation

Comparison o the natural Lake Klntal around 1900 (let) with the modern lake at highest water levels in July 2010 (right). In the picture on the

let, you can see the entrance to the corporation tunnels at the bottom right.

7 Coordination o Inormation on the Environment: http://terrestrial.eionet.europa.eu/CLC2000/classes

4.1 Land use

The operation activities related to the Lntsch Power

Plant changed the original land use. So, in accordancewith the PCR instructions, the dierence in land use

beore and ater exploitation is systematically classi-

ed and quantied using the land classes (CLC) o

the EU CORINE programme7. Part o the CORINE

programme, launched by the European Commission

in 1985, is the recording o land cover across Europe

using a common nomenclature. The system has 44

classes and three hierarchical levels (e.g. use or

industry, mining or orestry). Land transormation or

the Lntsch Power Plant is presented in the Table

below.

In this study, the time o occupation is assumed to

be 80 years, which reers to technical lietime o the

power plant. The main activity on the occupied areais the use o the articially enlarged lake as reservoir

or the production o electricity. Occupied industrial

area consists o the dam surace as well as the surace

o the power house and other buildings used or the

operation o the power plant.

CORINE land cover class Situation beore exploitation Situation ater exploitation

Pasture and meadow 1.92 km2 0 km2

Natural water bodies 1.4 km2 1.4 km2

Artiicial water bodies 0 km2 1.9 km2

Industrial area 0 km2 0.02 km2



19/26

The higher reservoir level that was created by the

construction o the dam wall, submerged some land

mainly on the south-eastern and the north-easternbanks. In total 1.9 km2 o terrestrial habitat was lost.

There were also areas around the confuences o the

Richisauer- and Rossmaterkln, and the Sulzbach on

the south-western end o the lake that were also

fooded.

Originally, the Lntsch only fowed out o the lake

(over the natural dam that was created by a huge

prehistoric rock slide) when there was enough water

infowing via the river Kln (the confuence o the

Richisauer- and Rossmatterkln) and the Sulzbach

stream. Winter reezing means that Lake Klntal otenhas no infows at all both in its original and present

condition. Thereore there was no year-round water

fow in the Lntsch in the natural s tate either. Today,

only the extra storage capacity created by raising the

reservoir height is used or electricity production.

Consequently, the topographical relationships (i. e.

the natural dam created by a rock s lide) and the water

level in the residual channel in winter months has not

changed.

From the bottom outlet tunnels, 10 l/s are perma-

nently released to irrigate the amphibian biotope,

which is directly below the dam. The Lntsch itsel is

ed by the Schletterbach which lies 180 m below the

dam and rom other springs. The Schletterbach fows

mainly ater heavy precipitation and when snow is

melting. Along the fowing section o the Lntsch in

the Lntschtobel ravine, there are some 20 springs

which fow into the Lntsch increasing its fow rate. It

is highly likely that these springs are ed by under-

ground seepage rom Lake Klntal. Further small

streams and rivulets fow into the Lntsch as ar as

the Lntschtobel ravine: most o them only fow aterheavy precipitation.

The water is returned to the river ater use at the

power station in Netstal. The water users downstream

o the Lntsch power station take their water directly

rom the outlet channel (tailrace) so that not all the

water that passes through the turbines is returned to

the Lntsch. Between the water outlet and the con-

fuence with the river Linth, over a distance o about

1 km, the water fow rates vary with the operation o

the power plant. With the implementation o current

8 Ecogis, www.ecogis.admin.ch o 6 October 2010

drat laws such sudden changes in waterfows will

be reduced in uture based on requirements and pos-

sibilities. The short section between the water outletand the confuence with the Linth runs through the

village o Netstal. In this section, the river bed and

banks are extensively reinorced or food protection.

From the confuence onwards the variations in the

Lntsch are absorbed by the much larger fows o the

Linth.

4.2.2 River morphology

In the river bed o the Kln (above the lake) as ar

as Lake Klntal various hydraulic engineering works

were carried out in harmony with nature. The river

morphology o the Lntsch has been slightly modiedor a roughly 800 m section starting at the dam. In

this river section, bank protection measures and

bridge oundations aect the river morphology. The

ollowing section, as ar as the exit o the gorge at

Riedern is in a more or less natural state. There are

pronounced changes in the r iver width and the bed is

in a natural condition, with the exception o one sh-

ery barrage. Bed load enters the stream via the many

gullies and scree slopes that transport large quanti-

ties o gravel into the Lntsch during heavy precipita-

tion. In the gorge, the river banks are almost com-

pletely ree o vegetation. Otherwise there is typical

native riverside vegetation with sotwoods and mixed

deciduous orests. From Riedern to the confuence

with the Linth, there are mainly man-made river banks

to protect against fooding.

4.2.3 Ground water and springs

Along the residual channel o the Lntsch, groundwa-

ter protection measures were decreed8. The water

management o the Lntsch does not aect the

springs, as most o them are ed by underground

seepage rom Lake Klntal. Ater the reservoir levelwas increased, the fow rates in the springs probably

increased. The quality o the water in the tapped

springs is good.


20/26


4.3 Biodiversity

4.3.1 Federal inventory o nationalsignifcance in Klntal

The Klntal valley provides a habitat or many dier-

ent animal and plant species. Rear Klntal consists

o a riparian orest o about 18 hectares, which is o

national signicance9. The ormation o a riparian or-

est was enhanced by the increased reservoir height

which raised the ground water levels. This riparian

area includes the streams that low into Lake Kln-

tal, namely the Richisauerkln and the Rossmatterk-

ln (core zone) and the Sulzbach (buer zone) as well

as the group o springs called the Blue springs (core

zone). The vegetation is characterized by the greyalders and ash trees amongst pioneer herb elds.

There are also some swampy areas. The embank-

ments o the streams have not been trained they

have been let in their natural condition and so pro-

vide the riparian plains with the periodic fooding that

is necessary or the preservation o the riparian char-

acter. The size o the riparian orest prior to the rais-

ing o the dam height is unknown. It is likely that the


Richisauerkln and Rossmatterkln, and the Sulzbach

inundated the entire valley foor during foods. One

can assume the levels o the mouths o both theRichisauerkln and the Rossmatterkln were signi-

cantly lower than they are today and that the two

rivers only began to create a shared delta ater the

level o the lake was raised. The newly created delta

areas were rapidly colonized by riparian vegetation.

As the area around the riparian orest is used anthro-

pogenically (camp site and sewage treatment), the

streams cannot meander or expand at will. Periodical-

ly it has been necessary to remove gravel rom the

stream beds to protect the camp site rom the risk o

fooding. The bed load that enters the lake (o be-

tween 4000 to 5000 m3 per year), is negligible incomparison to the total reservoir capacity o almost

40 million m3.

Several dry meadow and pasture areas in the Klntal

valley have been included in the Federal Inventory o

Nationally Signicant Biotopes. These dry meadows

and pastures are not aected by the operation o the

power plant.

9 Aueninventar Kanton Glarus (Flood plain inventory canton Glarus) status July 2007

Lake Klntal

Steppelwald

Rear Klntal

Dry meadow Riparian area Spawning area

Federal inventories o national signiicance.


21/26

4.3.2 Impact o the power plant on its

environment

FloraIn the area around the power plant around 900 spe-

cies o plants can be ound10. Based on a red list11,

several o them are classied as vulnerable,at

critical risk or endangered. They are listed below.

Three o these species were only ound in Klntal

prior to 1982. This loss o biodiversity is due to the

general increase in anthropogenic activity in the area.

Near Threatened (NT): Canary Grass, Broomrape,

Ivy Broomrape, Ghost Orchid (ound beore 1982),

Pyramidal Orchid (ound beore 1982), French Wild

Onions, Marsh CudweedVulnerable (VU):Yellow Coris (ound beore 1982),

Ladys Slipper Orchids, Fire/Tiger Lily, White Ad-

ders Mouth, Dyers Rocket, Birdeye Pearlwort,

Summer Ladys Tresses

Endangered (EN): Milk thistle

Critical Risk (CR): Caley pea

Fauna

Prior to 1994, there were numerous spottings o

Papilionoidea butterfies in the Klntal12. At that time,

18 species were positively identied in the riparian

area or in its immediate surroundings. The presence

o 14 urther species was highly likely. A urther eight

species are present today in the immediate surround-

ings o the riparian areas. Two o these are critically

endangered in Northern Switzerland and one o them

is even critically endangered across Europe. Both

species are ound in several areas around Lake Klntal,

making the area nationally and internationally signi-

cant or their protection. The habitat o these species

is not aected by the operation o the power plant.

Amphibians such as rogs, newts and salamanders areamong the oldest vertebrates. Globally, their num-

bers have declined massively in recent decades. In

the canton o Glarus, only nine species o amphibians

remain. Every year in spring, amphibians migrate rom

their wintering grounds to their breeding waters. In

the canton o Glarus the European Common Frog, the

Common Toad and the slightly rarer Alpine Newt are

present13. These amphibians usually spend the winter

in sheltered areas o the orest foor or hedgerows. To

reproduce they require a standing water body such as

Lake Klntal where they spawn. In late spring, the

adult amphibians leave the waters again and spend

the summer in pastures, hedgerows, gardens or

orests.

There are nationally signicant amphibian breeding

grounds on the north-eastern shores o Lake Klntal,

as well as in the riparian orest areas. Extensive shore

stretches o Lake Klntal are inhabited by amphib-

ians, these probably having the highest amphibian

density in the canton. To get rom their spawning

grounds on Lake Klntal back to the orests, amphib-

ians need to cross the Rhodannenberg-Vorauen road.

In the past many rogs were run over and killed, due

to the relatively high trac fow to the two camp

sites. To prevent this, the Lntsch power plant pro-vided by order o the cantonal environmental agency

six amphibian underpasses between 2007 and 2010.

Fish and aquatic ecology

Lake Klntal is a popular destination or anglers. In

the past, the lake was heavily stocked with native and

exotic sh species. Today, only Brown Trout and Euro-

pean Lake Trout are released into the lake. Frequent

catchings o Pike, European Perch and White Fish

suggest successul colonization o the waters by the

exotic sh previously released. Further sh species

ound in Lake Klntal are Bullheads, Roaches, Min-

nows, Chubs and Bleaks (all reproducing naturally)

and the Canadian Lake Trout (natural reproduction

not proven). The sh auna o the Lntsch consists

mainly o Brown Trout and some Rainbow Trout (es-

capees rom sh arms). Fishing is practiced in the

Lntsch. Most o the sh are present due to stocking

measures, but it is possible that some natural repro-

duction is taking place. Originally, sh could only

migrate as ar as the entrance to the Lntschtobel

ravine. Here a number o natural water alls, with

heights o several metres, prevent natural sh migra-tion. Today upstream sh migration is stopped short

beore the ravine by concrete weirs constructed or

bed stability reasons. Beore the construction o the

articial dam wall, the Lntsch fowed minimal or no

discharge during the winter months. This act is do-

cumented in the reports o the Stream Cooperative

and is evident by the construction o the corporation

tunnels by the Stream Cooperative (in 18561859 and

18951898) which were required to ensure water

supply to power the Netstal actories in winter.

Consequently, the fow characteristics o the Lntsch

10 Swiss Web Flora, www.wsl.ch, retrieved 6 October 201011 Source: Rote Liste der gehrdeten Farn- und Bltenplanzen der Schweiz, BUWAL, Bern 200212 Source: Schutzplanung Auenprojekt Hinter Klntal, Forstdirektion des Kanton Glarus, 199513 Source: Press release No 37101 o Canton Glarus, 16 March 2007


22/26



and its aquatic habitat were hardly aected in winter

by the increase in the dam height and the current use

o water or hydro power. In summer, the discharge inthe Lntsch is reduced by use o water or power

production. However, just 500 m below the dam wall,

there is sucient water fow or an intact aquatic

ecosystem, due to the infow rom lateral tributaries.

4.4 Environmental risks

Potential environmental risks are posed by unexpect-

ed incidents or accidents which could lead to damag-

ing emissions rom the power plant that would nega-

tively impact the environment. Emissions rom most

oreseeable accidents would be minimal to insigni-

cant because harmul substances (e.g. oil) would becontained within the power plant by saety precau-

tions in place. One imaginable risk would be the

sudden breach o the dam wall. To prevent such an

event the dam is continually monitored by Axpo AG

as well as external specialists. Increased seepage

through the dam would be noticed and appropriate

measures immediately undertaken.

4.5 Electromagnetic felds

The term electromagnetic eld (EMF) reers to the

lower requency range o the electromagnetic spec-

trum (0 to 300 GHz). EMFs are omnipresent in our

environment whether rom natural or man-made

sources; intended as in the case o radio signals or

unintended as a by-product o electrical power trans-

mission or electrical appliances. Technically, magnetic

elds are induced by the motion o electric charges.

The strength o the magnetic eld is measured in

amperes per meter (A/m). In electromagnetic eld

research, scientists usually speciy a related quantity,

the fux density (in microtesla, T). The higher the

current, the greater the strength o the magnetic

eld. One o the main characteristics o an EMF is itsrequency or corresponding wavelength. Fields o

dierent requencies interact with the human body in

dierent ways.

For the protection o people working in power plants,

Suva14 has issued emission limits in accordance with

ICNIRP15-directive 1998 stipulating a maximum o500 T. This limit i s not exceeded anywhere in the

Lntsch power plant except in the cable tunnel that

runs rom the switchyard to the powerhouse. Howev-

er, the feld strength alls to below the threshold

value within 20 cm rom the cables, which means that

there is no EMF risk to workers or visitors. Outside

the power plant, there are no electromagnetic elds

caused by the Lntsch power plant16.

4.6 Noise and vibrations

The Swiss Federal Noise Protection Act (LSV) limits

environmental noise emissions in industrial and com-mercial areas to 70 dB(A) during the day-time and

60 dB(A) during the night. For residential and trade

areas, the limits are 65 dB(A) and 55 dB(A), respec-

tively. The machine house o the Lntsch power plant

is in an industrial and trade zone17, while the water

outlet is in a residential and trade zone. The plant

does not exceed the Swiss LSV (environmental) or

Suva (interior rooms, work saety) limits during any

phase o operation including start-up and shut-down

and operation at maximum capacity18. Vibration

caused by the operation o the turbines is not per-

ceptible outside the power plant.

14 Suva: The Swiss Accident Insurance Institution

15 ICNIRP: International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection16 NOK technical report EU 1876 25 April 200317 Source: Zone map Canton Glarus18 Suva measurement report 519-647/01.04, 13 January 2004


23/26

5.1 Inormation rom the certifcation body

The certication o the environmental product dec-

laration, EPD, o electricity rom the Lntsch highpressure reservoir power plant has been carried out

by Bureau Veritas Certication, Sweden, which

conrms that the product ulls relevant process-

and product-related laws and regulations. The EPD

has been made in accordance with General Pro-

gramme Instructions or an environmental product

declaration, EPD, published by International EPD

Consortium (IEC) and PCR-CPC 17, Product Category

Rules (PCR) or preparing an Environmental Product

Declaration (EPD) or Electrici ty, Steam, and Hot

and Cold Water Generation and Distribution. Bureau

Veritas Certicat ion Sweden has been accreditedby SWEDAC, the Swedish Board or Accreditation

and Conormity Assessment, to certiy Environmen-

tal Product Declarations, EPD. This certication is

valid until 4 March 2015. The registration number is

S-P-00332.

5.2 Mandatory statements

5.2.1 General statements

Note that EPDs rom dierent EPD programmes may

not be directly comparable.

5.2.2 Omissions o lie-cycle stages

In accordance with the PCR, the use stage o pro-

duced electricity has been omitted since the use

o electricity ulls various unctions in dierent

contexts.

5.2.3 Means o obtaining explanatory materials

ISO 14025 prescribes that explanatory material must

be available i the EPD is communicated to nal

consumers. This EPD is aimed at industrial custom-

ers and not meant or B2C (business-to-consumer)communication.

5.2.4 Inormation on verifcation

EPD programme

The international EPD system, managed by theInternational EPD Consortium (IEC).

http://www.environdec.com

Product Category Rules

PCR-CPC 17, Product Category Rules (PCR) or pre-

paring an Environmental Product Declaration (EPD)

or Electricity, Steam, and Hot and Cold Water

Generation and Distribution, Version 2.01. Electricity

belongs to the product category UNCPC Code 17,

Group 171 Elec trical energy.

PCR reviewSven-Olo Ryding, International EPD Consortium (IEC),

[email protected]

Independent verifcation

Independent verication o the declaration and data,

according to ISO 14025: External, Bureau Veritas

Certication, Sweden

5 Certifcation body and mandatorystatements


24/26


Further inormation on the company

http://www.axpo.ch

International EPD programme inormation

http://www.environdec.com

Inormation on the International EPD Consortium

(IEC), EPDs and PCRs (PCR-CPC 17), and General

Programme Instructions GPI, 2007

Background LCA data

http://www.ecoinvent.org

The ecoinvent database v2.2,

Swiss Centre or L ie Cycle Inventories

6 Links and reerences


25/26

7 Frequently used abbreviations

CLC-Classes CORINE Land Cover Classes

EPD Environmental Product Declaration

ISO International Organization or Standardization

LCA Lie-Cycle Assessment

LCI Lie-Cycle Inventory

LCIA Lie-Cycle Impact Assessment

NMVOC Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds

PCR Product Category Rule


26/26

Axpo AGParkstrasse 23 | CH-5401 Baden

T +41 56 200 31 11 | F +41 56 200 37 55

www axpo ch

Documents

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