(27-立)

章五RR

2 7-立

英　　語

問題冊子2

注　　　意

｢問題冊子2｣に印刷されている問題は,且から@]までで, 2ページから

13ページまであります｡

[可次の対話の文章を読んで,あとの各間に答えなさい｡(*印の付いている単語･語句には,本文のあとに〔注〕がある｡)

Akiko is a Japanese student and is studying at a high school in the United States. Now

Akiko, Chris, David andLisa are in Ms. Reedをsocial studies class.

Ms. Reed: Let's talk about how food is now produced and its *impact on the environment.

Ⅰ'd like to talk about producing *high-protein foods. Who wants to talk

first?　Akiko?

Akiko:　I want to talk about producing beef. As you alreadyknow, beef has long been

one of the American people's favorite foods, and now people in developlng countries

have begun to eat more beef. People have built a lot of large farms in Australia,

Brazil, the United States and other countries. These big farms are called "*factory

fams" and....

David:　I'm sorry to cut in, Akiko. Can I ask you a question?

Akiko:　　Sure, David.

David:　Are factory farms different from the farms we often see on TV? Cows are eatlng

grass on the field under the sun....

Akiko:　　You mean family farms, don't you? Factory farms are very diffTerent. Those

farms are Just like factories which make machines. The animals are kept inside in

small places and given food there. Because of this, these farms can produce a lot of

meat or milk more quickly with口重□ money than family farms.

David:　You mean factory farms can raise a lot more cows than family farms, right?

Akiko:　　Yes. But those farms cause three big problems to the environment. First, cows

produce a lot of *methane. Methane has over 20 times stronger *effect on global

warmlng than CO2. The *amount of methane factory farms produce is 37% of the

methane produced in the world. Did you know one cow produces about 500 *1iters

ofme血ane a day?

David:　　About 500 liters of methane fromJuSt One COW? I can't believe it!

Akiko:　It's surprlSlng, lSn't it? Now, here's another problem. Factory farms need a lot

of fわod fわr animals like com, So a lot of trees are cut down to make land to grow

com･ Also, the waste from the farms *pollutes the air, water and the ground･ As

I've explained to you, producing beef has a great impact on the environment.

Ms. Reed: Akiko, you did a greatjob! Well, do you have any questions forAkiko? Lisa?

Lisa:　If factory farms are causlng Such serious environmental problems, is *organic beef

more eco-friendly than factory-grown beef? I hear such cows only eat grass and are

raised in a healthier environment.

Akiko:　　Their way of raising cows seems very eco-friendly, but ralSlng COWS by glVlng

them only grass takes a lot longer, so they produce口重亘コmethane･

Lisa:　　Oh, I see. I didn'tknOw producing beef has such big problems･

一　立-2-

chris:　Ms. Reed, I want to talk about an interestlng news report I saw on TV last night･

Ms. Reed:　Whatwas it about?

Chris:　It was about "the *vitro burger."

Akiko:　F　(2)-a l　　Whatburger?

chris:　"The vitro burger･M It's a burger made from meat grown in vitro･ A scientist

from *Holland and his team were able to grow meat without ralSlng COWS!

Akiko:　　Well, Chris, it sounds like science fiction･

chris:　It's not science fiction. It's real. The meat was cooked and eaten in front ofa

lot of reporters and television cameras in London･ Afood writer who ate the vitro

burger said it tasted like real bee£

Akiko:　L　(2)-b I

chris:　OK･ I'll ten you about it･ The scientists took a cow'S *muscle *tissue and then

*stem cells were taken from it. These stem cells were grown and mixed with *fat.

Then they丘nally made them into meat･ It's amazing, lSn't it?

David:　You look very excited, Christ Iknow you really love hamburgers, right?

chris:　C　(2)-c ～ The meat can be developed for many people to eat･

That will help hungry people in the world･

Akiko:　And there will be no environmental problems caused by producing beef, either!

When can we eat such meat?

chris:　Well, Akiko, it's not so easy･ A lot of money was needed to make only two

pleCeS Ofvitro burger meat･ About 370,000 dollars! We will have to wait fわr many

years to see this Hvitro meat''in a supemarket･

Lisa:　L　(2)-d l~:コ　Then how about fish? It's another important high-

protein food･ 1 don't think eatlng fish causes serious environmental problems･

Ms. Reed: Well, who wants to answer Lisa's question? David?

David:　Recently I read a newspaper report about catching tuna･

Lisa:　　Oh! I love tuna, especially tuna sushi.

David:　Many people in the world love it, tool Now, eatlng tuna is becomlng popular and

people are catching too many tuna fish, So the number is getting Smaller and smaller･

And a lot ofsmall fish are caught together with big fish like tuna. Those small fish

are called (3)"bycatchH and most of the HbycatchM is thrown away･ In this way

people are cutting the *food chain and in the future there may be no fish left in the

sea. It's anothertype of environmental problem caused by producing food, isn't it?

Lisa:　　Then what can we eat as healthier and more eco-friendly high-protein food?

Ms. Reed:Who can answerthat question? Yes, Chris.

Chris: How about *soybeans? Foods (4, l to / soybeans / than /from / more / made /

the environment / friendly / look ] meat or fish. I once watched a news program on

TV about the activityofa group of Japanese people in anAfhcancountry. Local people

were growlng SOybeans and the group was helping them･ Soybeans are a good high-

protein fわod and will be able to help a lot ofpeople who don't have enough fbod･

-　立--3-

[可次の対話の文章を読んで,あとの各間に答えなさい｡(*印の付いている単語･語句には,本文のあとに〔注〕がある｡)

Akiko is a Japanese student and is studying at a high school in the United States. Now

Akiko, Chris, David andLisa are in Ms. Reedをsocial studies class.

Ms. Reed: Let's talk about how food is now produced and its *impact on the environment.

Ⅰ'd like to talk about producing *high-protein foods. Who wants to talk

first?　Akiko?

Akiko:　I want to talk about producing beef. As you alreadyknow, beef has long been

one of the American people's favorite foods, and now people in developlng countries

have begun to eat more beef. People have built a lot of large farms in Australia,

Brazil, the United States and other countries. These big farms are called "*factory

fams" and....

David:　I'm sorry to cut in, Akiko. Can I ask you a question?

Akiko:　　Sure, David.

David:　Are factory farms different from the farms we often see on TV? Cows are eatlng

grass on the field under the sun....

Akiko:　　You mean family farms, don't you? Factory farms are very diffTerent. Those

farms are Just like factories which make machines. The animals are kept inside in

small places and given food there. Because of this, these farms can produce a lot of

meat or milk more quickly with口重□ money than family farms.

David:　You mean factory farms can raise a lot more cows than family farms, right?

Akiko:　　Yes. But those farms cause three big problems to the environment. First, cows

produce a lot of *methane. Methane has over 20 times stronger *effect on global

warmlng than CO2. The *amount of methane factory farms produce is 37% of the

methane produced in the world. Did you know one cow produces about 500 *1iters

ofme血ane a day?

David:　　About 500 liters of methane fromJuSt One COW? I can't believe it!

Akiko:　It's surprlSlng, lSn't it? Now, here's another problem. Factory farms need a lot

of fわod fわr animals like com, So a lot of trees are cut down to make land to grow

com･ Also, the waste from the farms *pollutes the air, water and the ground･ As

I've explained to you, producing beef has a great impact on the environment.

Ms. Reed: Akiko, you did a greatjob! Well, do you have any questions forAkiko? Lisa?

Lisa:　If factory farms are causlng Such serious environmental problems, is *organic beef

more eco-friendly than factory-grown beef? I hear such cows only eat grass and are

raised in a healthier environment.

Akiko:　　Their way of raising cows seems very eco-friendly, but ralSlng COWS by glVlng

them only grass takes a lot longer, so they produce口重亘コmethane･

Lisa:　　Oh, I see. I didn'tknOw producing beef has such big problems･

一　立-2-

chris:　Ms. Reed, I want to talk about an interestlng news report I saw on TV last night･

Ms. Reed:　Whatwas it about?

Chris:　It was about "the *vitro burger."

Akiko:　F　(2)-a l　　Whatburger?

chris:　"The vitro burger･M It's a burger made from meat grown in vitro･ A scientist

from *Holland and his team were able to grow meat without ralSlng COWS!

Akiko:　　Well, Chris, it sounds like science fiction･

chris:　It's not science fiction. It's real. The meat was cooked and eaten in front ofa

lot of reporters and television cameras in London･ Afood writer who ate the vitro

burger said it tasted like real bee£

Akiko:　L　(2)-b I

chris:　OK･ I'll ten you about it･ The scientists took a cow'S *muscle *tissue and then

*stem cells were taken from it. These stem cells were grown and mixed with *fat.

Then they丘nally made them into meat･ It's amazing, lSn't it?

David:　You look very excited, Christ Iknow you really love hamburgers, right?

chris:　C　(2)-c ～ The meat can be developed for many people to eat･

That will help hungry people in the world･

Akiko:　And there will be no environmental problems caused by producing beef, either!

When can we eat such meat?

chris:　Well, Akiko, it's not so easy･ A lot of money was needed to make only two

pleCeS Ofvitro burger meat･ About 370,000 dollars! We will have to wait fわr many

years to see this Hvitro meat''in a supemarket･

Lisa:　L　(2)-d l~:コ　Then how about fish? It's another important high-

protein food･ 1 don't think eatlng fish causes serious environmental problems･

Ms. Reed: Well, who wants to answer Lisa's question? David?

David:　Recently I read a newspaper report about catching tuna･

Lisa:　　Oh! I love tuna, especially tuna sushi.

David:　Many people in the world love it, tool Now, eatlng tuna is becomlng popular and

people are catching too many tuna fish, So the number is getting Smaller and smaller･

And a lot ofsmall fish are caught together with big fish like tuna. Those small fish

are called (3)"bycatchH and most of the HbycatchM is thrown away･ In this way

people are cutting the *food chain and in the future there may be no fish left in the

sea. It's anothertype of environmental problem caused by producing food, isn't it?

Lisa:　　Then what can we eat as healthier and more eco-friendly high-protein food?

Ms. Reed:Who can answerthat question? Yes, Chris.

Chris: How about *soybeans? Foods (4, l to / soybeans / than /from / more / made /

the environment / friendly / look ] meat or fish. I once watched a news program on

TV about the activityofa group of Japanese people in anAfhcancountry. Local people

were growlng SOybeans and the group was helping them･ Soybeans are a good high-

protein fわod and will be able to help a lot ofpeople who don't have enough fbod･

-　立--3-

David:　But remember, Chris･ Growlng SOybeans on large farms may also have bad

impacts on the envirollment.

Chris:　　That's right, David. I want to study about that problem, too.

Ms･ Reed: Now, class, we don't have time to talk for much longer. So, what have you

leamed today?

上ねα･.　Ⅰ'Ve leaned producing fわod that we eat has a great impact on the environment.

We should think about fわod more *seriously and get interested in how it's produced.

David:　The ways of producing food have developed, So we have more than enough fわod

now, especially in developed countries. When we go to a supemarket, there are

many kinds of foods･ We always think we can eat anything we want. We

sometimes throw away food we can't finish eating. But in the world there are still a

lot ofpeople who don't have enough food to eat･ (5)We should also remember this

when we think about fわod.

Chris:　　You are right, David. But this problem is too big for us! I'm afraid there is

nothing we can do about the fわod problem and the environmental problems caused

by producing fわod.

Akiko:　How about doing something very simple? For example, We should not leave

food when we eat, Or we should try to buy food that is produced in a more

eco-friendly way･ It's important fわr each of us to get interested in fわod we eat every

day･ We should also try to get information about food and the impact on the

environment when we produce fわod.

Ms･Reed: It's a good idea to do something you can easily dot Now I'm glad you have

begun to think about food seriously. I want you to remember the gins from nature

like land, the sun and the living environment when you eat something･ Thanks to

them, we can eat and live.

〔注〕 impact　影響　　　　　　high-protein　高タンパクの

factoryfarm　工場方式で運営される農場　　　　　　methane　メタンガス

effect　効果　　　　　　　amount　量　　　　　　liter　リットル

pollute　汚染する　　　　organic　有機飼育の　　vitro　試験管

Holland　オランダ　　　　muscle　筋肉　　　　　　tissue　組織

stemcell　幹細胞　　　　　fht　脂肪　　　　　　　fToodchain　食物連鎖

soybean　大豆　　　　　seriously　真剣に

一立-4-

〔間1〕 [亘三こ],口重∈]の中に,それぞれ次のA～Dのどれを入れるのがよいか｡

その組み合わせが最も適切なものは下のア～力の中ではどれか｡

A fewer B less

ア　ロ転コA

イ　[二重⊆コA

ウ　[二重妄コB

工　且B

オ　口重妄コC

力　[二重三□D

C larger D more

[二亘三重コB

[二亘三∈] C

[二重亘コA

[二重∈] D

L iT D

[二亘三をコB

の中に,それぞれ次の

A～Dのどれを入れるのがよいか｡その組み合わせが最も適切なものは下の

ア～力の中ではどれか｡

A Oh, Ⅰ'm sorrytohearthat･

c canyousaythatagain?

ア　[二重d A　[二重亘二]C

イ　[二重云]B　口重∈]A

ウ　口重云]C　[垂直二]B

エ　[二亘亘]C　[二重∈]D

オ　[二重三□D　口重∈]B

カ　口重d D　口重□C

B Howdidtheymake it?

D No,kidding!

口重こ]D　口重亘コB

口重こ]C　口重垣コD

[二重ここ】 D　[二重亘二] A

[二重三コA　[二重□B

ロ亘⊆亘コA　[二重亘二] C

[二重□A　口重を]B

〔間3〕 (3蓮堕生とはどのようなもので,どのように扱われるのか, 35字以上45

字以内の日本語で説明しなさい｡ただし, ｢,｣ ｢｡｣などもそれぞれ1字と数え

なさい｡

ー立-5-

David:　But remember, Chris･ Growlng SOybeans on large farms may also have bad

impacts on the envirollment.

Chris:　　That's right, David. I want to study about that problem, too.

Ms･ Reed: Now, class, we don't have time to talk for much longer. So, what have you

leamed today?

上ねα･.　Ⅰ'Ve leaned producing fわod that we eat has a great impact on the environment.

We should think about fわod more *seriously and get interested in how it's produced.

David:　The ways of producing food have developed, So we have more than enough fわod

now, especially in developed countries. When we go to a supemarket, there are

many kinds of foods･ We always think we can eat anything we want. We

sometimes throw away food we can't finish eating. But in the world there are still a

lot ofpeople who don't have enough food to eat･ (5)We should also remember this

when we think about fわod.

Chris:　　You are right, David. But this problem is too big for us! I'm afraid there is

nothing we can do about the fわod problem and the environmental problems caused

by producing fわod.

Akiko:　How about doing something very simple? For example, We should not leave

food when we eat, Or we should try to buy food that is produced in a more

eco-friendly way･ It's important fわr each of us to get interested in fわod we eat every

day･ We should also try to get information about food and the impact on the

environment when we produce fわod.

Ms･Reed: It's a good idea to do something you can easily dot Now I'm glad you have

begun to think about food seriously. I want you to remember the gins from nature

like land, the sun and the living environment when you eat something･ Thanks to

them, we can eat and live.

〔注〕 impact　影響　　　　　　high-protein　高タンパクの

factoryfarm　工場方式で運営される農場　　　　　　methane　メタンガス

effect　効果　　　　　　　amount　量　　　　　　liter　リットル

pollute　汚染する　　　　organic　有機飼育の　　vitro　試験管

Holland　オランダ　　　　muscle　筋肉　　　　　　tissue　組織

stemcell　幹細胞　　　　　fht　脂肪　　　　　　　fToodchain　食物連鎖

soybean　大豆　　　　　seriously　真剣に

一立-4-

〔間1〕 [亘三こ],口重∈]の中に,それぞれ次のA～Dのどれを入れるのがよいか｡

その組み合わせが最も適切なものは下のア～力の中ではどれか｡

A fewer B less

ア　ロ転コA

イ　[二重⊆コA

ウ　[二重妄コB

工　且B

オ　口重妄コC

力　[二重三□D

C larger D more

[二亘三重コB

[二亘三∈] C

[二重亘コA

[二重∈] D

L iT D

[二亘三をコB

の中に,それぞれ次の

A～Dのどれを入れるのがよいか｡その組み合わせが最も適切なものは下の

ア～力の中ではどれか｡

A Oh, Ⅰ'm sorrytohearthat･

c canyousaythatagain?

ア　[二重d A　[二重亘二]C

イ　[二重云]B　口重∈]A

ウ　口重云]C　[垂直二]B

エ　[二亘亘]C　[二重∈]D

オ　[二重三□D　口重∈]B

カ　口重d D　口重□C

B Howdidtheymake it?

D No,kidding!

口重こ]D　口重亘コB

口重こ]C　口重垣コD

[二重ここ】 D　[二重亘二] A

[二重三コA　[二重□B

ロ亘⊆亘コA　[二重亘二] C

[二重□A　口重を]B

〔間3〕 (3蓮堕生とはどのようなもので,どのように扱われるのか, 35字以上45

字以内の日本語で説明しなさい｡ただし, ｢,｣ ｢｡｣などもそれぞれ1字と数え

なさい｡

ー立-5-

〔間4〕 (4) 【 to / soybeans /than/from/more /made /the environment/friendly/ look 】と

あるが,本文の流れに合うように, 【　　　　】内の語(句)を正しく並べ

かえて英文を完成しなさい｡

should also remember this when we think about fわod.とあるが,この文を次

のように書き表すとき,l　　　【の中にどのような英語2語を入れるのがよ

いか｡

we should also remember there are still a lot of i l in the world when we

think about fわod.

〔間6〕下の質問に対する答えの下線部分を補う適切な数字を英語で書きなさい｡

〔例〕 15はfifteenと記述する｡

質問　How much did a scientist from Holland and his team need to make two pieces

of vitro burger meat?

答え　They needed about dollars.

〔間7〕本文の内容と合っているものを,次のア～クの中から二つ選びなさい｡

ア　People in developlng COuntries have eaten more beef than American people fわr a

long tlme.

ィ　On factory farms cows are kept on large fields, so they are raised in a healthy

envlrOnment.

ウ　The amount of methane produced by each cow is so small that it does not have

any lmpaCt On global warmlng.

エ　To make the vitro burger, people don't have to raise a lot of cows on large farms.

オ　A fわod writer who ate the vitro burger said that it didn't taste like meat at all.

カ　The vitro burger is ready to be sold in a supermarket because it is very easy to

makeit.

キ　soybeans are the best high-protein fわod because they are good fわr our health and

don't cause any environmental problems･

ク　Akiko doesn't think it is difficult fわr her and her classmates to do something useful

about the fわod problem.

一立-6-

〔間8〕次の文章は, Lisaが対話のあとに書いた日記である｡ (a)～(d)の中に

それぞれ適切な英語1語を入れなさい｡

Tbday I'Ve learned a lot of important things about producing high-protein

fToods･ It is causing different kinds ofproblems to the environment.

About producing beef, large farms called ( a ) farms have three big

problems･ Cows produce a lot of methane. People working on those farms cut

down仕ees to grow fわod fわr them. The air, water and the ground are polluted by

the( b )fromthefarms.

Chris told us about the special burger made from meat grown in vitro. I

thought such meat is more eco-friendly than the meat produced on large farms

because it doesn't cause any environmental problems･ But we will have to wait

for many years to buy the vitro meat in a supermarket, because it needs a lot of

timeand( C )tomakeit.

After I heard about the newspaper report from David, I thought, "We may

have the sea without fish in the免Iture."

It is really important for us to remember the gifts we get from ( d ) when

we eat.

一立-7-

〔間4〕 (4) 【 to / soybeans /than/from/more /made /the environment/friendly/ look 】と

あるが,本文の流れに合うように, 【　　　　】内の語(句)を正しく並べ

かえて英文を完成しなさい｡

should also remember this when we think about fわod.とあるが,この文を次

のように書き表すとき,l　　　【の中にどのような英語2語を入れるのがよ

いか｡

we should also remember there are still a lot of i l in the world when we

think about fわod.

〔間6〕下の質問に対する答えの下線部分を補う適切な数字を英語で書きなさい｡

〔例〕 15はfifteenと記述する｡

質問　How much did a scientist from Holland and his team need to make two pieces

of vitro burger meat?

答え　They needed about dollars.

〔間7〕本文の内容と合っているものを,次のア～クの中から二つ選びなさい｡

ア　People in developlng COuntries have eaten more beef than American people fわr a

long tlme.

ィ　On factory farms cows are kept on large fields, so they are raised in a healthy

envlrOnment.

ウ　The amount of methane produced by each cow is so small that it does not have

any lmpaCt On global warmlng.

エ　To make the vitro burger, people don't have to raise a lot of cows on large farms.

オ　A fわod writer who ate the vitro burger said that it didn't taste like meat at all.

カ　The vitro burger is ready to be sold in a supermarket because it is very easy to

makeit.

キ　soybeans are the best high-protein fわod because they are good fわr our health and

don't cause any environmental problems･

ク　Akiko doesn't think it is difficult fわr her and her classmates to do something useful

about the fわod problem.

一立-6-

〔間8〕次の文章は, Lisaが対話のあとに書いた日記である｡ (a)～(d)の中に

それぞれ適切な英語1語を入れなさい｡

Tbday I'Ve learned a lot of important things about producing high-protein

fToods･ It is causing different kinds ofproblems to the environment.

About producing beef, large farms called ( a ) farms have three big

problems･ Cows produce a lot of methane. People working on those farms cut

down仕ees to grow fわod fわr them. The air, water and the ground are polluted by

the( b )fromthefarms.

Chris told us about the special burger made from meat grown in vitro. I

thought such meat is more eco-friendly than the meat produced on large farms

because it doesn't cause any environmental problems･ But we will have to wait

for many years to buy the vitro meat in a supermarket, because it needs a lot of

timeand( C )tomakeit.

After I heard about the newspaper report from David, I thought, "We may

have the sea without fish in the免Iture."

It is really important for us to remember the gifts we get from ( d ) when

we eat.

一立-7-

[可次の文章を読んで,あとの各間に答えなさい｡(*印の付いている単語･語句には,本文のあとに〔注〕がある｡)

Have you ever lost your way ln a place you don't know? In such a case, a paper map lS

very usefull But these days there is something more useful than a paper mapI If you check a

map on your smartphone, you will丘nd where you are･ A small polnt On the map shows your

*position･ It is really amazlng, lSn't it? When we think of new technologleS like computers

andthe Internet佃【 hard/hve/ is /we /to / feel/without/that/ it 】them･ The map on a

このページには問題はありません｡

次のページに進みなさい｡

一立-8-

smartphone is one good example oftoday's new technologleS･ This technology lS Called GPS

and has become veⅣ 1mpOrtant in our lives. Then what is GPS all about?

GPS, or *Global Positionlng System, was first designed in the U･S. for planes and ships･

This is a special teclmOlogy to find your position by uslng *satellitesflying around the earth･

Just as *lighthouses seⅣe as guides fわr ships at sea, the GPS satellites work as lighthouses in

the sky･ Scientists and engineers in the *military studied fわr years and created this new

system uslng Satellites in 1973･ The first GPS satellite was sent into space in 1978 and seven

years later eleven satellites were flying around the earth The *receivers for this system were

also made. At first, only the people in the military were able to use this system･ But the

satellites were actually also able to send *radio wave *signals fわr *general use･ The situation

has changed so much since 1990 that ordinary people have also been able to use it･ Today

about thirty GPS satellites are flying around the earth･ Japan sent its own satellite into space

in 2010. 1thas been a greathelp to today's GPS system･

Then(2)how does the GPS system work? The idea is veryinteresting･

Each satellite has

a special clock that can keep very *accurate time and always sends us radio wave slgnals･

These signals give uS important information about the accurate time and position of each

satellite. If you want toknOw your position on the earth by the slgnals from a satellite, you

first have to *calculate the *distance from the satellite to your position. Radio waves move as

fast as light. So, toknow the distance, you need to *multiply the speed of light by the time

that the signals take to reach you･ However, to find your position, one satellite is not enough･

If you receive slgnals, for example, from Satellite A and know the distance from it, your

position will be on the *surface of a *Sphere made by Satellite AI With the different slgnals

from Satellite B and its distance, your position, this time, will be on the *circumference of a

circle made by these two spheres of Satellite A and B･ Then, with the different signals from

Satellite C and its distance, two polntS are finally decided by the circumference and the sphere

made by Satellite C. Your position is one of the two･ In other words, you are on the earth,

and the other position is in the space･ So, to find your position on the earth, you first need

three distances from these satellites. Of course, the computer in the receiver actually

calculates these distances by uslng the clock time of the receiver.

However, (3)there lS a prOblem･ It is possible to get the distance by multiplying the speed

by the time. But the three distances from these satellites are actually a little *incorrect･

Why? Because the clock time of the receiver is not very accurate･ There is a good way to

一立-9-

[可次の文章を読んで,あとの各間に答えなさい｡(*印の付いている単語･語句には,本文のあとに〔注〕がある｡)

Have you ever lost your way ln a Place you don'tknow? In such a case, a paper map IS

very usefull But these days there is something more useful than a paper map･ If you check a

map on your smartphone, you will丘nd where you are･ A small polnt On the map shows your

*position･ It is really amazlng, 1Sn't it? When we think of new technologleS like computers

andthe Intemetm,l hard/hve / is /we /to /feel/without/that/ it ] them･ The map on a

このページには問題はありません｡

次のページに進みなさい｡

一立-8-

smartphone is one good example ortoday's new technologleS･ This technology lS Called GPS

and has become veⅣ 1mpOrtant in our lives. Then what is Gf!S all about?

GPS, or *Global Positionlng System, was first designed in the U･S. for planes and ships･

This is a special teclmOlogy to find your position by uslng *satellitesflying around the earth･

Just as *1ighthouses seⅣe as guides fわr ships at sea, the GPS satellites work as lighthouses in

the sky･ Scientists and engineers in the *military studied fわr years and created this new

system uslng Satellites in 1973･ The丘rst GPS satellite was sent into space in 1978 and seven

years later eleven satellites were flying around the earth･ The *receivers for this system were

also made. At丘rst, Only the people in the military were able to use this system･ But the

satellites were actually also able to send *radio wave *signals fわr *general use･ The s血ation

has changed so much since 1990 that ordinary people have also been able to use it･ Today

about thirty GPS satellites are flying around the earth･ Japan sent its own satellite into space

in 2010. Ithas been a greathelp to today's GPS system･

Then (2)how does the GPS system work? The idea is veryinteresting･ Each satellite has

a special clock that can keep very *accurate time and always sends us radio wave slgnals･

These signals give uS important information about the accurate time and position of each

satellite･ If you want toknOw your position on the earth by the signals from a satellite, you

first have to *calculate the *distance from the satellite to your position. Radio waves move as

fast as light. So, toknow the distance, you need to *multiply the speed of light by the time

that the signals take to reach you･ However, to find your position, one satellite is not enough･

If you receive slgnals, for example, from Satellite A and know the distance from lt, your

position will be on the *surfhce of a *sphere made by Satellite A･ With the different slgnals

from Satellite B and its distance, your position, this time, will be on the *circumference of a

circle made by these two spheres of Satellite A and B･ Then, with the different signals from

Satellite C and its distance, two polntS are finally decided by the circumference and the sphere

made by Satellite C Your position is one of the two･ In other words, you are on the earth,

and the other position is in the space. So, to find your position on the earth, you first need

three distances from these satellites. Of course, the computer in the receiver actually

calculates these distances by uslng the clock time of the receiver.

However, (3)there lS a prOblem･ It is possible to get the distance by multiplying the speed

by the time. But the three distances from these satellites are actually a little *incorrect.

Why? Because the clock time of the receiver is not very accurate･ There is a good way to

一立-9-

get the more accurate time. You need to use not only three satellites but also a fわurth satellite.

For example, if the position you get from Satellites A, B, and C does not match the position

from Satellites B, C, and D, this diffTerence shows that the distances from the satellites are

incorrect･ This also means that the clock time of your receiver is not as accurate as the clock

time of each satellite. So the computer quickly *adjusts the differences in distance and time

until these different positions become one. In this way the clock time becomes more accurate･

Now youknow why you have to receive the signals from at least four satellites to get your

position on the earth･ Of course, if you can receive slgnals from more satellites, your position

on the earth will be more accurate.

In the GPS system, you need at least fわur satellites to know Just One position. Then,

guess how many satellites are necessary if you are at any place on the ear血and want to know

your position there. Scientists fわund out that it was necessary to set six courses of satellites

around the earth and put fわur satellites on each course to cover all areas on the ea血. So it

means that you need at least twenty-four GPS satellites flying around the earth all the time to

cover all the earth.

One of the most useful things uslng GPS is a car *navlgation *device. You can very often

find one in a car today. This convenient device can show your position on its map and the

right way to go from the information from GPS.

(4)

Since then, we have been very

lucky to get the clear slgnals from the satellites. This navigation technology was then

introduced into planes, ships and even smartphones. Today there are new devices with many

other high technologleS Which are able not only to receive but also to send infわ-ation･

A lot of our dreams have come tme thanks to science and technology. The GPS system is

Just One Ofnew technologleS and will be better in the future. Some people may not be able to

work if they can'tuse it. Now there are new ways to use the system. For example, police or

fire stations can use the system to find the accurate position of an accident and to send their

me血bers血ere more quickly Now scientists and englneerSare even

making a carthat is driven, and aplane that is flown, not by apersonbutby GPS. As you can

see, the GPS system will surely become necessary for everyone in the future. The GPS

satellites will really be lighthouses in the sky fわr all humans.

一立-10-

〔注〕 position　位置

satellite　人工衛星

receiver　受信機

general　一般的な

distance　距離

surface　表面

incorrect　不正確な

device　装置

Global Positioning System　全地球潮位システム

lighthouse　灯台

radiowave　電波

accurate　正確な

multiply ～ by -

sphere　球

adjust　補正する

military　軍隊

signal　信号

calculate　計算する

～と-をかける

circumference　円周

navigation　ナビゲーション

〔問1〕 (1)【hard/live/is/we/to/feel/without/that/it】とあるが,本文の流れに合

〔間2〕

うように, 【　　　】内の語を正しく並べかえて英文を完成しなさい｡

(21howdoestheGPSsystemwork?とあるが･この内容を最も適切に表している

図は下の中ではどれか｡

(★ーyourposition　☆ーthe otherposition　●ーSatellite)

-　立-ll -

get the more accurate time. You need to use not only three satellites but also a fわurth satellite.

For example, if the position you get from Satellites A, B, and C does not match the position

from Satellites B, C, and D, this diffTerence shows that the distances from the satellites are

incorrect･ This also means that the clock time of your receiver is not as accurate as the clock

time of each satellite. So the computer quickly *adjusts the differences in distance and time

until these different positions become one. In this way the clock time becomes more accurate･

Now youknow why you have to receive the signals from at least four satellites to get your

position on the earth･ Of course, if you can receive slgnals from more satellites, your position

on the earth will be more accurate.

In the GPS system, you need at least fわur satellites to know Just One position. Then,

guess how many satellites are necessary if you are at any place on the ear血and want to know

your position there. Scientists fわund out that it was necessary to set six courses of satellites

around the earth and put fわur satellites on each course to cover all areas on the ea血. So it

means that you need at least twenty-four GPS satellites flying around the earth all the time to

cover all the earth.

One of the most useful things uslng GPS is a car *navlgation *device. You can very often

find one in a car today. This convenient device can show your position on its map and the

right way to go from the information from GPS.

(4)

Since then, we have been very

lucky to get the clear slgnals from the satellites. This navigation technology was then

introduced into planes, ships and even smartphones. Today there are new devices with many

other high technologleS Which are able not only to receive but also to send infわ-ation･

A lot of our dreams have come tme thanks to science and technology. The GPS system is

Just One Ofnew technologleS and will be better in the future. Some people may not be able to

work if they can'tuse it. Now there are new ways to use the system. For example, police or

fire stations can use the system to find the accurate position of an accident and to send their

me血bers血ere more quickly Now scientists and englneerSare even

making a carthat is driven, and aplane that is flown, not by apersonbutby GPS. As you can

see, the GPS system will surely become necessary for everyone in the future. The GPS

satellites will really be lighthouses in the sky fわr all humans.

一立-10-

〔注〕 position　位置

satellite　人工衛星

receiver　受信機

general　一般的な

distance　距離

surface　表面

incorrect　不正確な

device　装置

Global Positioning System　全地球潮位システム

lighthouse　灯台

radiowave　電波

accurate　正確な

multiply ～ by -

sphere　球

adjust　補正する

military　軍隊

signal　信号

calculate　計算する

～と-をかける

circumference　円周

navigation　ナビゲーション

〔問1〕 (1)【hard/live/is/we/to/feel/without/that/it】とあるが,本文の流れに合

〔間2〕

うように, 【　　　】内の語を正しく並べかえて英文を完成しなさい｡

(21howdoestheGPSsystemwork?とあるが･この内容を最も適切に表している

図は下の中ではどれか｡

(★ーyourposition　☆ーthe otherposition　●ーSatellite)

-　立-ll -

〔間3〕 (3,thereisaproblemの内容を具体的に最もよく説明しているものは･次の中

ではどれか｡

ア　Because the clock time of the GPS receiver is not very accurate in calculating the

distance from a satellite, it is necessary to get the accurate time on the Intemet.

イ　Because the position you get from Satellites A, B, and C is usually different

from the position from Satellites B, C, and D, you have to choose one of these two

positions to decide your place on the earth.

ウ　Because the clock time of the GPS receiver is not as accurate as the clock time of

the satellites, the distances from the satellites actually become a little incorrect.

I Because the position you get from Satellites A, B, and C is not as accurate as the

position from Satellites B, C, and D, it is difficult for the computer to calculate the

distances from these satellites.

〔間4〕 F　　(41) ｢.･._｣の中には次のA～Dの文が入る｡本文の流れに合う

ように正しく並べかえたとき,その組み合わせとして最も適切なものは,下の

ア～力の中ではどれか｡

A But the technology became better year a洗er year, and this problem went away by

the end of the 20th century.

B Though the device worked well, it couldn't polnt the accurate place on its map.

C The first car navlgation device with the GPS system was made in Japan in 1990.

D At that time the GPS signals fわr general use were actually not very clear, So the

device was not able to show it on the map.

ア　A-D-C-B　　イ　B-A-D-C　　ウ　B-D-A-C

エ　C-B-D-A　　オ　C-D-A-B　　力　D-C-B-A

〔間5〕本文の流れに合うように, に英語を入れるとき,

最も適切な文は次の中ではどれか｡

7　Some ideas uslng the system are useful, but others are sometimes dangerous for

our lives.

イ　The system can be used to look fbrpets or to fわllow birds or animals by putting a

device to each of them.

r) The system will be convenient for gathering a lot of information about

international news and business.

エ　Many people will know that car navlgation devices they use in their cars actually

depend on the system.-立-12-

〔間6〕本文の内容と合っているものを,次のア～クの中から二つ選びなさい｡

アIfyou get lost in a town or clty you have never visited, you will find that a paper

map is the only useful way to find your position.

イ　TwentyGPS satellites were alreadyflying around the earth seven years after the

first GPS satellite was sent into space.

ウ　At first only the people in the military were able to use the GPS system, but

ordinary people have been able to use it thaI止s to the changes of the situation since

1990.

エIn 2010, Japan sent its own satellite into space to give help to the GPS satellites,

but this one was not very useful fわr the GPS system.

オ　By multiplying the speed of light by the time that the signals from one satellite

take to reach you, you can find your position on the surface of the earth･

h ToknOw your position on the earth by the GPS system, you need to get the signals

from at least four satellites because of the problem with the clock time of your

reCelVer.

キIfyou want to know your position anywhere on the earth, it is necessary fわr more

than thirty satellites to fly around the earth all the time.

9　Though today's car navigation devices only receive the information from the

GPS satellites, this kind or technology lS now used also in planes, ships and even

smartphones.

〔間7〕次の質問に対する答えを,理由を含めて40語以上50語程度の英語で答え

なさい｡ ｢,｣ ｢.｣ ｢!｣ ｢?｣などは語数に含めません｡これらの符号は,解答用

紙の下線部と下線部の間に書きなさい｡

Do you think technology will make us happy?

ー立-13-

〔間3〕 (3,thereisaproblemの内容を具体的に最もよく説明しているものは･次の中

ではどれか｡

ア　Because the clock time of the GPS receiver is not very accurate in calculating the

distance from a satellite, it is necessary to get the accurate time on the Intemet.

イ　Because the position you get from Satellites A, B, and C is usually different

from the position from Satellites B, C, and D, you have to choose one of these two

positions to decide your place on the earth.

ウ　Because the clock time of the GPS receiver is not as accurate as the clock time of

the satellites, the distances from the satellites actually become a little incorrect.

I Because the position you get from Satellites A, B, and C is not as accurate as the

position from Satellites B, C, and D, it is difficult for the computer to calculate the

distances from these satellites.

〔間4〕 F　　(41) ｢.･._｣の中には次のA～Dの文が入る｡本文の流れに合う

ように正しく並べかえたとき,その組み合わせとして最も適切なものは,下の

ア～力の中ではどれか｡

A But the technology became better year a洗er year, and this problem went away by

the end of the 20th century.

B Though the device worked well, it couldn't polnt the accurate place on its map.

C The first car navlgation device with the GPS system was made in Japan in 1990.

D At that time the GPS signals fわr general use were actually not very clear, So the

device was not able to show it on the map.

ア　A-D-C-B　　イ　B-A-D-C　　ウ　B-D-A-C

エ　C-B-D-A　　オ　C-D-A-B　　力　D-C-B-A

〔間5〕本文の流れに合うように, に英語を入れるとき,

最も適切な文は次の中ではどれか｡

7　Some ideas uslng the system are useful, but others are sometimes dangerous for

our lives.

イ　The system can be used to look fbrpets or to fわllow birds or animals by putting a

device to each of them.

r) The system will be convenient for gathering a lot of information about

international news and business.

エ　Many people will know that car navlgation devices they use in their cars actually

depend on the system.-立-12-

〔間6〕本文の内容と合っているものを,次のア～クの中から二つ選びなさい｡

アIfyou get lost in a town or clty you have never visited, you will find that a paper

map is the only useful way to find your position.

イ　TwentyGPS satellites were alreadyflying around the earth seven years after the

first GPS satellite was sent into space.

ウ　At first only the people in the military were able to use the GPS system, but

ordinary people have been able to use it thaI止s to the changes of the situation since

1990.

エIn 2010, Japan sent its own satellite into space to give help to the GPS satellites,

but this one was not very useful fわr the GPS system.

オ　By multiplying the speed of light by the time that the signals from one satellite

take to reach you, you can find your position on the surface of the earth･

h ToknOw your position on the earth by the GPS system, you need to get the signals

from at least four satellites because of the problem with the clock time of your

reCelVer.

キIfyou want to know your position anywhere on the earth, it is necessary fわr more

than thirty satellites to fly around the earth all the time.

9　Though today's car navigation devices only receive the information from the

GPS satellites, this kind or technology lS now used also in planes, ships and even

smartphones.

〔間7〕次の質問に対する答えを,理由を含めて40語以上50語程度の英語で答え

なさい｡ ｢,｣ ｢.｣ ｢!｣ ｢?｣などは語数に含めません｡これらの符号は,解答用

紙の下線部と下線部の間に書きなさい｡

Do you think technology will make us happy?

ー立-13-

(27-立)

章五RR

2 7-立

英　　語

問題冊子2

注　　　意

｢問題冊子2｣に印刷されている問題は,且から@]までで, 2ページから

13ページまであります｡