enzymes in oil

De Smet Presentation 1

Marc KellensDesmet Ballestra Group,Zaventem, Belgium

Oil Processing Challenges in the 21th Century:

Enzymes Key to Quality and Profitability


0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08

Palm

Soybean

Rapeseed

Sunflower

Peanut

Cotton

Palm kernel

Coconut

Olive

Mill

ion

tons

Production period

PO+PKO%

30.129.414.48.74.34.03.72.92.5

USA Mercosur

Canada Europe

Malaysia Indonesia

Major vegetable oils evolution

> 85%

World Vegetable Oil ProductionWorld Vegetable Oil Production

SBOPO


35.7

39.0

In 30 years a 10-fold increase

In 40 years a 7-fold increase

Palm & Soybean oil production Palm & Soybean oil production evolutionevolution

SBO = high unsat oil

PO = high sat oil


OILOILQUALITYQUALITY

Organoleptic/stability Functional Properties

Nutritional Quality

-Bland taste, no odor-Light color (brilliant) -High thermal stability -High oxidative stability -Long shelf life

- Good melting profile - Desired Plasticity- Crystallisation kinetics

- Balanced FA composition (SFA/MUFA/PUFA, �3-6)- Low or no trans FA (< 1%)- High natural antioxidants (tocopherols) and vitamins

RefiningRefining ModificationModification

Increased demand for high quality oils

Trends in Oil ProcessingTrends in Oil Processing


Crude OilCrude Oil

SoapstockAcid gums

Acid / NaOH

NeutralisingAcid degumming

NeutralisingNeutralisingAcid Acid degummingdegumming

BleachingBleachingBleaching

Bleaching earth

FiltrationFiltration

Steam

DeodorisationDeodorisationDeodorisation

RBD OilRBD Oil

Bottling orFurther

Processing

FAD

Gums(Lecithin)

DegummingDegummingDegumming

Gums(Lecithin)

DegummingDegummingDegumming

Water

Classical oil processing

>high unsats: chemical (FFA > soaps)

>high sats: physical (FFA > FAD)

Trends in Oil refiningTrends in Oil refining


Strong demand for more efficient processes

* More cost efficient processes:- Lower investment & processing costs, - Valorisation and/or reduction of by-products

* Flexible plants:- Capable of processing multiple oils

* Fully automated plants:- Higher consistency of operation, lower manpower cost

* Larger capacities (economics of scale):200-300 TPD 1000 -> 2000 TPD



Refineries need to reply to more and more stringent environmental rules and at same time need to improve their efficiency on both operational cost and delivery of highest quality

Trend: - less chemicals, more physical treatment- more sustainable, less energy- less environmental impact: zero effluent - maximum retention of “nutritional” quality

More bio, eco, green… enzymes a solution?



° ° More (energy) efficient & More (energy) efficient & environmentallyenvironmentally friendly friendly processesprocesses

Trends in edible oil processing

° ° Increased attention for the Increased attention for the nutritional nutritional qualityquality

° ° MilderMilder processing giving more ‘natural’ products processing giving more ‘natural’ products

ENZYMATIC PROCESSESENZYMATIC PROCESSES

Enzymatic oil processingEnzymatic oil processing


Aspects of enzymatic process

PRO’S PRO’S -- MildMild , , naturalnatural processprocess

--EnvironmentallyEnvironmentally friendlyfriendly

-- VeryVery specificspecific, , lessless randomrandom

CON’S CON’S -- Sensitive to Sensitive to heatheat andand pHpH

-- Sensitive to Sensitive to feedstockfeedstock qualityquality ((impuritiesimpurities))

-- CostCost ((mostlymostly higherhigher thanthan conventionalconventional chemicalschemicals))

Enzymatic processingEnzymatic processing


SeedSeed

Frying oilFrying oil

Speciality FatsSpeciality Fats

MargarineMargarine

Frying oilFrying oil

Speciality FatsSpeciality Fats

MargarineMargarine

CrudeOil

CrudeOil

RefinedOil

RefinedOil

CrackingCracking

DehullingDehulling

FlakingFlaking

Cleaning / DryingCleaning / Drying

Preparation

CrackingCracking

DehullingDehulling

FlakingFlaking

Cleaning / DryingCleaning / Drying

Preparation

MealMeal

BleachingBleaching

NeutralisingNeutralising

DeodorisingDeodorising

WinterisingWinterising

DegummingDegumming

Refining

BleachingBleaching

NeutralisingNeutralising

DeodorisingDeodorising

WinterisingWinterising

DegummingDegumming

Refining

Mechanical ExtractionMechanical Extraction

Solvent ExtractionSolvent Extraction

Extraction

Mechanical ExtractionMechanical Extraction

Solvent ExtractionSolvent Extraction

Extraction

HydrogenationHydrogenation

InteresterificationInteresterification

FractionationFractionation

Modification




Modification

LubricantsLubricants

SoapSoap

BiodieselBiodiesel

LubricantsLubricants

SoapSoap

BiodieselBiodieselOleochemical

ProcessesOleochemical

Processes

Enzyme processes in Enzyme processes in Oilseed/Oil processingOilseed/Oil processing

Enzymatic degumming

Enzymatic IE

Enzymes


° more selective than chemicals, thus attacking ONLY ° more selective than chemicals, thus attacking ONLY phospholipids phospholipids

Main driver: oil quality or oil profitability?

° treated gums contain less entrained oil, so higher yield° treated gums contain less entrained oil, so higher yield

° with cost of enzymes << additional oil yield° with cost of enzymes << additional oil yield : a winner: a winner

Enzymatic Enzymatic degummingdegumming

Why does it take so long to convince industry?


EnzymaticEnzymatic degummingdegumming

O

CH2-O-P-O-XO

O

2CH -O-C-R1

==

R2-C-O-CH

O

=

-

R1, R2 : Fatty acids

X : H (PA), choline (PC),ethanolamine (PE), serine (PS), inositol (PI),

Hydratable PL NonHydratable PL Non--hydratable PLhydratable PL

PHOSPHOLIPIDS


OCH2-O-C-R1

R2-C-O-CHO O

CH2-O-P-O-XO

Phospholipase A1

Phospholipase A2

Phospholipase C

Phospholipase D

X = H, choline, ethanolamine, serine, inositol, etc.

Phospholipase B

5 5 subclassessubclasses of of PhospholipasesPhospholipasesA1, A2, B, C and DA1, A2, B, C and D

PhospholipasesPhospholipases A1, A2, CA1, A2, Care are commerciallycommercially availableavailable((NovozymesNovozymes, , DaniscoDanisco, , VereniumVerenium))

PHOSPHOLIPASES



O

CH2-O-P-O-X

O

O

2CH -O-C-R1

==

R2-C-O-CH

O

=

-

O

CH2-O-P-O-X

O

O2

CH OH

1

=

=

R2-C-O-CH

O

=

-

H-O-C-RH O2++ ++

PhospholipasePhospholipase A1 or A2A1 or A2

PHOSPHOLIPIDSPHOSPHOLIPIDS LYSOLYSO--PHOSPHOLIPIDSPHOSPHOLIPIDS FFAFFA

-- Conversion of (non-hydratable) PL in hydratable Lyso-PL and FFA

-- 0.036% FFA formed for each 0.1% PL converted

ENZYMATIC CONVERSION PLA1/PLA2



°°ENZYMAX® process by Lurgi

- First industrial EDG process started early 90’s- Use of heat stable phospholipase A2- Efficient if on high Q and fresh crude oil- High enzyme cost made enzyme recycling necessary- From porcine pancreas problems with acceptability

-- limitedlimited sources sources andand availabilityavailability ofof enzymeenzyme

Past situation EDG


Introduction of costefficient physical degumming alternatives (TOP, SOFT, IMPAC) blocked breakthrough of EDG


° ° Improved EDG by Improved EDG by NovozymesNovozymes (end 90’s)(end 90’s)

-- PhospholipasePhospholipase A1 (A1 (LecitaseLecitase Ultra Ultra –– NovozymesNovozymes))

-- Stable and Stable and lessless expensiveexpensive enzymes (enzymes (thirdthird generationgeneration))

-- Temperature optimum : 55°C, pH optimum : 6 Temperature optimum : 55°C, pH optimum : 6

-- Residence: 3Residence: 3--6 hrs = f(catalyst consumption)6 hrs = f(catalyst consumption) < 2 hr ! < 2 hr !

-- No enzyme No enzyme recyclingrecycling necessarynecessary , , comsumptioncomsumption 50 50 ppmppm

-- Microbial origin No problems with acceptability Microbial origin No problems with acceptability

Re-introduction EDG


Several industrial plants running today costcompetitive Main negative point: what to do with high FFA ?


Citric AcidCitric Acid

NaOHNaOH to to neutraliseneutralisecitric acid citric acid

WaterWater

Oil Tank

Oil Pump

Heater

RetentionVessel

Retention vessels

30°C55°C

30 min1 hour

CentrifugalSeparator

HydrolisedHydrolisedgumsgums

High Shear Mixer

55°C

Low Shear Mixer

70°C3-6 hours

Enzyme

High Shear Mixer

Enzymatic Enzymatic DegummingDegumming

To Silica Treatment

To DT (extraction)

DegummedDegummedoiloil

Crude oil

EnzymaticEnzymatic degummingdegumming PLA1 PLA1 ((LecitaseLecitase Ultra) Ultra)


Case Case studystudyConventionalConventional SBO SBO waterwater-- followedfollowed

by by acidacid--degummingdegummingCrude soybean oil

100%2,50% PL

Gums WDG2,80% yield 97,2%2,00% PL 0,50% PL0,80% NO

Acid gums ADG0,90% yield 96,30%0,45% PL 0,05% PL0,45% NO

total loss: 3,70%

1000 ppm P

200 ppm P

20 ppm P

PL: phospholipids

P: phosphorous

NO: neutral oil

LL: lysolecithin

WDG :waterdegumming

ADG: acid degumming


Case Case studystudyCrudeCrude SBO PLA1 SBO PLA1 degummingdegumming

Crude soybean oil100%2,50% PL

Gums PLA EDG1,93% yield 98,1%1,68% PL 0,25% PL0,25% NO 0,57% FFA


total loss: 2,33%


Gums PLA EDG2,10% yield 97,9%1,83% PL 0,05% PL0,27% NO 0,62% FFA


total loss: 2,10%

Partial EDG

Full EDG

70% conversion PL to LL+FFA


° ° Case study crude SB0 2.5% PL (1000 Case study crude SB0 2.5% PL (1000 ppmppm P)P)-- Full EDG Full EDG vsvs (WDG & ADG)(WDG & ADG)

-- P < 20 ppmP < 20 ppm

-- Gain in crude oil yield: about 1.3Gain in crude oil yield: about 1.3--1.6%1.6%

-- Gain in FFA: about 0.5Gain in FFA: about 0.5--0.6%0.6%

-- Net gain in RBD Net gain in RBD oiloil yieldyield afterafter full full refiningrefining: : 0.80.8--1%1%

-- Net gain in FAD yield after full refining: Net gain in FAD yield after full refining: 0.50.5--0.6%0.6%

FAD FAD �� lloss !oss !

-- No soaps, gums but also no lecithin !No soaps, gums but also no lecithin !

EnzymaticEnzymatic degummingdegumming PLA1PLA1


° ° EDG by EDG by DaniscoDanisco

-- AcyltransferaseAcyltransferase ((~~PLA2 type) (PLA2 type) (LysomaxLysomax Oil Oil –– DaniscoDanisco))

-- Temperature 50Temperature 50--60°C and pH 560°C and pH 5--77

-- Very short reaction (30 min!)Very short reaction (30 min!)

-- No enzyme No enzyme recyclingrecycling , , comsumptioncomsumption 100 100 ppmppm


-- (Part of) FFA esterified with free sterols, giving less/no FFA(Part of) FFA esterified with free sterols, giving less/no FFA

New enzymes (1)


No industrial plants yet running, results to be confirmed


EnzymaticEnzymatic degummingdegumming usingusingAcyltransferaseAcyltransferase (AT) ((AT) (DaniscoDanisco))

-- Conversion of PL in LL and FFA (part) re-esterified with sterols

-- 0.065% FFA re-esterified with each 0.1% free sterols,

PL

LL

-- 0.036% FFA formed for each 0.1% PL converted to LL


Case Case studystudyCrudeCrude SBO AT SBO AT degummingdegumming

Full EDG

Crude soybean oil100%2,50% PL0,30% free sterols

Gums AT EDG2,60% yield 97,4%2,27% PL 0,05% PL0,34% NO 0,00% FFA

0,50% est. sterols

Acid gums ADG0,00% yield 97,40%0,00% PL 0,05% PL0,00% NO 0,50% est. Sterols

total loss: 2,60%

Crude soybean oil100%2,50% PL0,30% free sterols

Gums AT EDG2,10% yield 97,9%1,83% PL 0,05% PL0,27% NO 0,43% FFA

0,50% est. sterols

Acid gums ADG0,00% yield 97,90%0,00% PL 0,05% PL0,00% NO 0,50% est. Sterols

total loss: 2,10%

70% conversion PL to LL+FFA Part FFA esterified with sterols

No FFA increase

With FFA increase


° ° Case study crude SB0 2.5% PL, 0.3% SterolsCase study crude SB0 2.5% PL, 0.3% Sterols-- Full EDG Full EDG vsvs (WDG & ADG)(WDG & ADG)

-- P < 20 ppmP < 20 ppm

-- Gain in crude oil yield: about 1.1Gain in crude oil yield: about 1.1--1.6%1.6%

-- Gain in FFA: about 0Gain in FFA: about 0--0.4%0.4%

-- Net gain in RBD Net gain in RBD oiloil yieldyield afterafter full full refiningrefining: : 1.11.1--1.2%1.2%

-- Net gain in FAD yield after full refining: Net gain in FAD yield after full refining: 0.00.0--0.4%0.4%

Any effect esterified vs free sterols on oil stability?Any effect esterified vs free sterols on oil stability?

EnzymaticEnzymatic degummingdegumming ATAT


EnzymaticEnzymatic degummingdegumming usingusing AT AT ((LysomaxLysomax OilOil))

LysomaxLysomax OilOil degummingdegumming ProcessProcess veryvery similarsimilar to to LecitaseLecitase Ultra (Ultra (lessless residenceresidence))


° ° EDG by EDG by VereniumVerenium

-- PhospholipasePhospholipase C (C (PurifinePurifine –– VereniumVerenium))

-- Temperature 60°C and pH 7Temperature 60°C and pH 7

-- Rather short reaction (1Rather short reaction (1--2 hrs)2 hrs)

-- No enzyme No enzyme recyclingrecycling , , comsumptioncomsumption 200 200 ppmppm


-- Attacks only PE/PC, not PA/PIAttacks only PE/PC, not PA/PI


First industrial plants under construction, no real industrial data available yet but highly promissing

Recent introduction of new enzymes (2)


EnzymaticEnzymatic degummingdegumming usingusing PLC PLC ((VereniumVerenium))

0.84% DAG formed for each 0.1% PL (40 ppm P) converted


Case Case studystudyCrudeCrude SBO PLC SBO PLC degummingdegumming

Full EDG

100% conversion +

PE/PC

no free FFA


Gums PLC EDG1,06% yield 98,9%0,92% PL 0,25% PL0,14% NO 1,33% DAG


total loss: 1,46%

70%PE/PC

70% conversion PL (PE/PC) to DAG+ Phosphate residue


° ° Case study crude SB0 2.5% PL (70% PE/PC)Case study crude SB0 2.5% PL (70% PE/PC)-- EDG EDG vsvs waterdegummingwaterdegumming / ADG/ ADG

-- P < 100 ppm, postP < 100 ppm, post--ADG needed (or PLAADG needed (or PLA--EDG!)EDG!)

-- Gain in crude oil yield: about 1.8 / 2.2%Gain in crude oil yield: about 1.8 / 2.2%

-- No FFA, no extra loss in deodorising No FFA, no extra loss in deodorising

-- Net gain in RBD Net gain in RBD oiloil yieldyield afterafter full full refiningrefining::1.8 / 2.2%1.8 / 2.2%

EnzymaticEnzymatic degummingdegumming PLCPLC

Best economics when combining PLC-WDG with PLA-EDG


EnzymaticEnzymatic degummingdegumming: : keykey = = yieldyield

Main driving factor: yield

+ Less oil loss with gums, giving higher oil yields+ Less oil loss with gums, giving higher oil yields

+ Very suitable for high PL+ Very suitable for high PL--oils (SBO, RSO) not for POoils (SBO, RSO) not for PO

+ Less effluent, less low value+ Less effluent, less low value--added side productsadded side products

+/+/-- NotNot allall processesprocesses yetyet industriallyindustrially provenproven, ,

but but highhigh expectations expectations +/+/-- Enzyme cost main factor in OPEX, low CAPEXEnzyme cost main factor in OPEX, low CAPEX

-- No lecithinNo lecithin

-- what enzyme to use? Now & in future?what enzyme to use? Now & in future?


EnzymaticEnzymatic deoilingdeoiling ofof gumsgums (EDO)(EDO)

Alternative enzymatic processes for oil recovery:Alternative enzymatic processes for oil recovery:

RecoveryRecovery of of oiloil fromfrom lecithinlecithin

-- Most oils are shipped and traded in a crude formMost oils are shipped and traded in a crude form

-- Wateredegumming applied mainly to prevent settling of Wateredegumming applied mainly to prevent settling of

gums in storage tanksgums in storage tanks

-- Gums contribute to shelf life of crude oilsGums contribute to shelf life of crude oils

-- Part of gums converted to lecithinPart of gums converted to lecithin

Q: can entrained oil be recovered from the Q: can entrained oil be recovered from the gumsgums??


Process principle

EnzymaticEnzymatic TreatmentTreatment of of LecithinLecithin Fraction (Fraction (fromfrom WDG)WDG)

LECITHIN LYSO-LECITHIN + RECOVEREDOIL

Eg. Lecitase Ultra250-500 ppm on dry lecithin

35-50% oil50-65% A.I.

ExtractedMeal in DT

Back to main Oil stream

LecithinLecithin deoilingdeoiling

��

��

��

��

��

��

��

��

��

Wet gums

Less thanhalf as

compared to EDG


++

Wet Gums + Enzyme Deoiled gums + Oil

Wet GumsLecitase

Ultra Oil

De-oiled Gums


PLA2

2-4 hrs


100 ppm 250 ppm 500 ppm

LabLab trials trials conductedconducted byby

More enzyme More enzyme givesgives : :

-- FasterFaster OilOil RecoveryRecovery-- More More recoveredrecovered oiloil

--DarkerDarker oiloil withwith higherhigherFFA contentFFA content



1.Cooling Soy Lecithin to 55°C1.Cooling Soy Lecithin to 55°C

2. Addition of 2. Addition of LecitaseLecitase Ultra (250 Ultra (250 –– 500 ppm)500 ppm)

3. Enzymatic reaction (23. Enzymatic reaction (2--4 hr at 55°C)4 hr at 55°C)

4. 4. HeatingHeating treatedtreated soysoy lecithinlecithin to min. 70°C to min. 70°C

5. 5. SeparationSeparation recoveredrecovered oiloil fromfrom lysolyso--lecithinlecithin

EnzymaricEnzymaric deoilingdeoiling ofof soysoy lecithinlecithin



-- Recovery : 80Recovery : 80--90% of oil usually entrained in gums90% of oil usually entrained in gums-- Calculation example for 1 ton crude soybean oil Calculation example for 1 ton crude soybean oil

RECOVERED OIL FROM SOY LECITHIN USING PLA2 RECOVERED OIL FROM SOY LECITHIN USING PLA2

LECITHIN

28 kg dry gumsfrom which 8 kg oil

Meal

RECOVERED OIL + LYSO-LECITHIN

18 kg dry gumspart= lysolecithin

10 kg recovered oilFFA : 35-40%

LecithinLecithin deoilingdeoiling potentialpotential withwith PLAPLA

1000 kg crude SBO with 1000 ppm P

WDG982 kg WDG SBO with 200 ppm P

PLA2

?

70% conversion PL to LL+FFA


-- Recovery : 80Recovery : 80--90% of oil usually entrained in gums+ DAG90% of oil usually entrained in gums+ DAG-- Calculation example for 1 ton crude soybean oil Calculation example for 1 ton crude soybean oil

RECOVERED OIL FROM SOY LECITHIN IF USING PLC RECOVERED OIL FROM SOY LECITHIN IF USING PLC

LECITHIN

28 kg dry gumsfrom which 8 kg oil

Meal

RECOVERED OIL + LYSO-LECITHIN

10 kg dry gums18 kg recovered oilDAG : 55-60%

LecithinLecithin deoilingdeoiling potentialpotential withwith PLCPLC

1000 kg crude SBO with 1000 ppm P

WDG990 kg WDG SBO with 200 ppm P

?

PLC

70% conversion PL (PE/PC) to DAG+ Phosphate residue


EnzymaticEnzymatic oiloil degummingdegumming (EDG) or (EDG) or EnzymaticEnzymatic lecithinlecithin deoilingdeoiling (EDO)(EDO)

EDG:- When applied on crude oil, recovered oil directly blended into main oil stream ( PLA: FFA , PLC: DAG )

- Gums not useable to produce functional lecithins- Larger volumes to be treated (full crude oil stream)

EDO:- Phospholipids more concentrated and hence more accessible (?)- But much higher viscosity (dilution with oil = solution)- Gums not useable to produce functional lecithins- Recovered oil kept separate from main oil stream (eg. Biodiesel)- Much smaller streams to be treated (30-40 times less volume)


21-23 october

Palm and Soybean oil are dominating the O&F marketbut they are so different…Liquid oilLiquid oil (semi) (semi)

Solid oilSolid oil



Soybean oil Soybean oil Rapeseed oilRapeseed oilSunflower oilSunflower oil

Peanut oilPeanut oilCotton oilCotton oilOlive oilOlive oil

chemical

physical


Palm oil Palm oil Palm Kernel oilPalm Kernel oil

Coconut oilCoconut oil(Animal fats)(Animal fats)

Application of vegetable oil: determined by physical state Application of vegetable oil: determined by physical state

37.4 Mill. tons37.4 Mill. tons 42.6 Mill. tons42.6 Mill. tons

Trends in Enzymatic Trends in Enzymatic Oil ModificationOil Modification


HydrogenationHydrogenation improvesimproves the the physicalphysical propertiesproperties but but

reducesreduces nutritionalnutritional valuevalue

Main drawback: formation Main drawback: formation of of TFATFA

NegativeNegative impact on impact on healthhealth((CholestreolCholestreol))

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 10 20 30 40 50

Temperature (°C)

% S

FC

(se

rial

met

ho

d)

47% TFA41%35%30%23%16%12%

PHSBO IV 70

TodayToday clearclear tendencytendency to to avoidavoid, and , and eveneven ban TFA ban TFA

out of out of FoodsFoods



Does the consumer know where these TFA are?

Candy 1%

Salad dressing 3%

Fried potatoes 8%

Spreadable margarine

17%

Cakes, cookies, crackers, bread

40%

Animal products (meat, dairy)

21%

Chips (potatao,corn)

5%

Breakfast cereals

1%

Household shortening

4%

TFA intake fromfoods (US)



Can fractionation be a (partial) solution to reduce TFA?

Salad oil Frying oil

Feed 2 Olein Stearin

87 94 74

/ 65 35

20 18 23

25 / 32

28 0 65

9 / 40

0 / 7

/ >10 /

Feed 1 Olein Stearin

IV 109 112.5 92

Yield % / 85 15

TFA % 11 9 20

MP °C 19 / 27

SFC

10°C 7 0 33

20°C 2 / 16

30°C / / 2

CT 0°C hr / >36 /

PH Soybean oil fractionation



What alternative do wehave then to avoid TFA when modifying oils?


ChemicalInteresterification = firstanswer to low/zero TFA chemical modification


Ban on TFA and hence partial hydrogenation, has increased demand for interesterification

But chemical interesterification also underpressure:

Solution:Solution: enzymaticenzymatic interesterificationinteresterification & & MORE USE OF PALM OILMORE USE OF PALM OIL

“Early scientific reports -- one of which was released in mid-January 2007 by joint-researchers from Malaysia and the UK -- suggest that interesterified fat

is far more harmful than trans fats.Interesterified fat was found to depress the level of HDL (good cholesterol)

more than trans fat.In addition, interesterified fat raised blood glucose levels and depressed the level of insulin. This strongly suggests that interesterified fat could lead to

diabetes”



4x125 kg reactors

Enzymaticinteresterification:

today a proventechnology

FFA

By-products

CRUDE OILCRUDE OIL

Diglycerides

None

PRE-TREATMENTneutra-bleach-deodo

ENZYMATIC INTER-ESTERIFICATION

DEODORISATION

EIEEIE >> Oil quality >> CIECIE

No contaminants

(Soaps-FAME) (Dialkylketones)

ProductTank

FeedTank

RBD RBD blendblend

EIE EIE blendblend

DeodoriserDeodoriser

EIE EIE reactorsreactors

EIE OILEIE OIL

(BRUSH)

Enzymatic Oil Interesterification: Enzymatic Oil Interesterification: Proven principleProven principle


IS EIE giving sameresults as CIE?

50:50

40:60

30:70

20:80

C.I.E.

E.I.E

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Temperature [C]

% S

FC

10:90 Final CH20:80 Final CH30:70 Final CH40:60 Final CH50:50 Final CH10:90 Final Enz20:80 Final Enz30:70 Final Enz40:60 Final Enz50:50 Final Enz

PST: SBO

CIE CIE fullfull randomrandom = EIE 1,3 = EIE 1,3 selectiveselective (for commodity blends)(for commodity blends)

10:90

Enzymatic Oil Interesterification: Enzymatic Oil Interesterification: Proven processProven process


EIE simpler or more complicated than CIE?

EIE plant EIE plant

4 x 500 kg 4 x 500 kg

(50(50--80 tpd)80 tpd)

•• FeedstockFeedstock qualityquality

•• FeedstockFeedstock compositioncomposition

•• FeedstockFeedstock changeschanges

PPllaannt t --

DDeessiiggnn

Enzymatic Oil Interesterification: Enzymatic Oil Interesterification: Proven technologyProven technology


EnzymaticEnzymatic oiloil processingprocessing

What may bring the future?

Enzymatic hydrogenation: Any potential in future ? Enzymes in oleochemistry: Enzymatically produced biodiesel Enzymes in bleaching: Selective destruction of

carotene/chlorophyl?Enzyme assisted expelling: release of oil under mild conditions

(cfr. Algae)

And what about GM of oil composition inside the crop to ease oilrefining & increase nutritional value

Anything possible... Where will we be in 10 years?


Enzymes Enzymes playplay an important an important rolerole in in ourour foodproductsfoodproducts

WhyWhy notnot in in processingprocessing ofof oneone ofof itsitsmajor major ingredientsingredients::

OILS OILS andand FATSFATS

Marc KellensDesmet Ballestra Group,Zaventem, Belgium

Documents

enzymes in oil