ENZYME

meaning

characteristics

‘lock and key’hypothesis

types

factors affecting the activity of

enzyme

PROBLEM

THE USES OF ENZYME

Dairy industry

Fish industry

Brewing industry

Paper industry

Medical industry

Processing food

Textile industry

Leather tanning industry

Biological detergents

Baking industry

SUMMARY

DAIRY INDUSTRY

ENZYME FUNCTION

Rennin

Lipase

• coagulate milk protein in cheese manufacturing

• used in the ripening of cheese

FISH INDUSTRY

ENZYME FUNCTION

Protease • remove the skin of fish

BAKING INDUSTRY

ENZYME FUNCTION

Amylase

Protease frommicroorganism

• break down of starch to glucose

• break down and lower proteins in flour for biscuit manufacture

BREWING INDUSTRY

ENZYME FUNCTION

Amylase from barley

Protease

• break down of starch to glucose for fermentation by yeast

• break down of protein to amino acids for yeast• removes cloudiness during the storage of beers

BIOLOGICALDETERGENT

ENZYME FUNCTION

Protease, lipase& amylase

Amylase

• remove organic stains (blood, food, saliva) from cloth

• removes resistant starch residues

LEATHER TANNING INDUSTRY

ENZYME FUNCTION

Protease

• removes hair from animal hides and make leather softer

TEXTILE INDUSTRY

ENZYME FUNCTION

Amylase

• removes starch that is applied to threads to prevent damage during weaving

PROCESSINGFOOD

ENZYME FUNCTION

Trypsin

Amylase

• to pre-digest some baby food

• converts starch to glucose syrup

PAPER INDUSTRY

ENZYME FUNCTION

Amylase

• partial breakdown of starch to fill the gaps between fibres to produce smoother paper

MEDICAL ANALYSIS

ENZYME FUNCTION

Trypsin • removes blood clots and clean wound

Problem:Problem: Since X digests fat, fat-soluble vitamins and balances fatty Since X digests fat, fat-soluble vitamins and balances fatty

acids, X deficient people can be expected to have a acids, X deficient people can be expected to have a tendency towards high cholesterol, high triglycerides and tendency towards high cholesterol, high triglycerides and difficulty losing weight. The future outcome of these difficulty losing weight. The future outcome of these tendencies is heart disease, which kills more Americans tendencies is heart disease, which kills more Americans than any other disease. X deficient people also have than any other disease. X deficient people also have decreased cell permeability, meaning nutrients cannot get decreased cell permeability, meaning nutrients cannot get in and the waste cannot get out. The condition of vertigo or in and the waste cannot get out. The condition of vertigo or labrynthis, also called Meniere's Disease (dizziness labrynthis, also called Meniere's Disease (dizziness aggravated by movement such as walking or driving), can aggravated by movement such as walking or driving), can also result from X deficiency. also result from X deficiency.

1) What is enzyme X?1) What is enzyme X?2) How you can identify this enzyme? 2) How you can identify this enzyme? 3) What effects will arise by this X deficiency?3) What effects will arise by this X deficiency?

SUMMARYSUMMARY

Field Enzyme Functions

Dairy industry Rennin coagulate milk protein in cheese manufacturing

Lipase used in the ripening of cheese

Fish industry Protease remove the skin of fish

Baking industry Amylase break down of starch to glucose

Protease frommicroorganism

break down and lower proteins in flour for biscuitmanufacture

Brewing industry Amylase from barley

break down of starch to glucose for fermentationby yeast

Protease - break down of protein to amino acids for yeast- removes cloudiness during the storage of beers

Biology detergent

Protease, lipase& amylase

remove organic stains (blood, food, saliva) from cloth

Amylase removes resistant starch residues

Leather tanning industry

Protease removes hair from animal hides and make leather

softer

Textile industry Amylase removes starch that is applied to threads to prevent

damage during weaving

Processing food Trypsin to pre-digest some baby food

Amylase converts starch to glucose syrup

Paper industry Amylase partial breakdown of starch to fill the gaps between fibres to produce smoother paper

Medical industry Trypsin removes blood clots and clean wound

ENZYME

a protein substance serving as a biological catalyst that increases rate of a chemical reaction without being

consumed during the reaction.

CHARACTERISTICS

• Sensitive to temperature changes

• Sensitive to pH changes

• Perform regulatory activities

• Posses actives sites for interaction with substrates

• Highly specific for certain substrates

• The chemical reaction is bi-directional

TYPES

intracellular extracellular

•Enzyme that catalyse biochemical reactions within the cell

•Enzyme that are secreted outside the cell

factorsaffecting

the activity ofenzyme

pH

temperature

enzyme concentration

substrate concentration

‘Lock and Key’ Hypothesis