Enzyme Notes

Enzymes are essential for digestion.

What is DIGESTION?Breaking down large, insoluble (can’t dissolve in water) molecules into smaller, soluble molecules that can be absorbed through the wall of the small intestine

Digestion Reactions

Hydrolysis or Dehydration Synthesis?

What is a Chemical Reaction?

Chemical reaction: When one or more chemicals (reactants) react to form

different chemicals (products)

Example: glucose and oxygen react to form carbon dioxide and water

Digestion: Enabling the Reaction

What breaks down the large molecules?Digestive enzymes!

-- made by specialised cells inside glands

What are Enzymes?Specialized Proteins

Catalyze Reactions

Are specific for what reactions they catalyzecatalyze

Are Reusable Reusable

End in –asease

-Sucrase-Sucrase

-Lactase-Lactase

-Maltase-Maltase

CatalystsMolecules that help a chemical reaction take

place faster-- Catalysts are NOT used up in reactions

Enzymes (biological catalysts) can speed up chemical reactions in living organisms (cells) – often millions of time faster!“Catalyze” reactions

How Enzymes WorkEnzymes provide a site for chemicals to come

together to reactLike a lock and key

DRAW:

Enzymes for DigestionReactants Enzymes Products

Carbohydrates Simple sugars amylase

Proteins Amino acids pepsin

Lipids (fats) Fatty acids + glycerol bile or lipase

Factors that change the rate of reactions of

enzymes:Amount of enzyme presentTemperature pH (how acidic or basic something is)

OPTIMAL Temperature:

OPTIMAL pH:

If temp or pH is too high or too low, enzymes can become DENATURED

(unwound and destroyed)