ENZYMEBiological Catalyst

Definition

Classification

Enzyme Commission

Number

Hexokinase(2.7.1.1)

SubclassClass Sub-subclass Serial Number

Oxidoreductases

Transferases

Hydrolases

Isomerases

Lyases

Ligases

Distribution of Enzymes

Class 1

Oxidoreductases

A– + B → A + B–

Oxidoredoctases

Class 2

Transferases

X-group + Y → X + Y-group

Class 3

Hydrolases

A–B + H2O → A–H + B–OH

Class 4

Lyases

ATP <==> cAMP + PPi

Class 5

Isomerases

A–B → B–A

Class 6

Ligases

Ab + C → A–C + b

Chemical StructuresAnd Function

Enzymes are

Protein Macromolecules

…and Catalysts.

Primary Structure

Secondary Structure

Tertiary Structure

“Lock and Key” Model

How do enzymes work?

Factors affecting catalytic activity

of enzymes: Temperature

Factors affecting catalytic

activity of enzymes: pH

Factors affecting catalytic activity

of enzymes: Concentration

Inhibition of Enzyme Activity

Synthesis

Class 1: Oxidoreductases

Alcohol + NAD+ → Aldehyde + NADH + H+

The enzyme is Alcohol dehydrogenase.

Lactic acid + NAD+ → Pyruvic acid + NADH + H+

The enzyme is Lactate dehydrogenase.

Class 2: Transferases

Hexose + ATP → Hexose-6-phosphate + ADP

The enzyme is Hexokinase.Glucose + ATP → Glucose-6-phosphate +

ADP

The enzyme is Glucokinase.

Class 3: Hydrolases

Triglycerides + H2O → Glycerol + Fatty acids

The enzyme is Lipase.Acetylcholine + H2O → Choline + Acetate

The enzyme is Acetylcholine hydrolase.

Class 4: Lyases

Malic acid → Fumaric acid + H2O

The enzyme is Fumarase.

Fructose-1,6-biphosphate → Gyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + Dinydroxy acetone

phosphate

The enzyme is Aldolase.

Class 5: Isomerases

Glyceraldehyde-3-phospate → Di-hydroxyl-acetone phospate

The enzyme is Triose phosphate isomerase.

Class 6: Ligases

Acetylcholine CoA + CO2 + ATP → Malonyl CoA + ADP + Pi

The enzyme is Acetylcholine CoA carboxylase.

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