ENVISIONING NEWARK - CITY OF NEWARK, OHIO of... · City, the Design Center provides subsidized plan-ning and design related services to business asso-ciations, property owners, business

ENVISIONING NEWARK:FOURTH STREET

Presented by: The City of Newark The Neighborhood Design Center

NEWARK, OHIO ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The NDC Newark Visioning Team would like to express great thanks to Brian Morehead, the City of Newark Engineer. We are grateful for both the opportunities you have presented us with and the information you have made available upon request. We have enjoyed learning about Newark’s history and culture and have appreciated sharing ideas about the city’s future with its people.

A big thanks to Marcia Downes and the Works, for the personal tour and by making your facility into our base for public meetings. Your enthusiasm has helped to shape our understanding of Newark from its early development to the needs of its peo-ple today.

Thanks to Randy Comisford and Julie Gwinn of the Ohio Department of Transportation, Steven Herb, author of Revitalizing Newark’s Downtown, and James Lenner, Licking County Planner, for supply-ing information vital to the development of this vi-sioning study.

Special thanks must be given to the city of Newark’s residents, business and property owners, share-holders, employees, and patrons. We appreciate all of the commentary you have provided us with in response to the public meetings. Each individu-al’s involvement has certainly added a level of rich-ness to this study. Additionally, thank you, David McManus for permission to print your thoughts about Newark.

We especially would like to thank city council rep-resentatives Ed Houdeshell and Irene Kennedy, as well as Karl Sandin, professor of Urbanism and His-tory of Art at Denison University, for their positive feedback and energy. Your continual comments have helped guide our progress allowing us to real-ize what is important to the people of Newark and its revitalization.

We would like to recognize Jason Kentner, profes-sor of landscape architecture at The Ohio State University, for dedicating his time and expertise to the team. We sincerely appreciate the constructive criticism and professional advice you contributed for the duration of this project. Thank you.

To our consultant, Jacob Boswell, we thank you for your commitment to the NDC Newark Vision-ing Team. From the time our initial efforts were launched in May 2008 to the publication of this document in September 2008, you have thought-fully guided us through our preliminary ideas to the final production.

And a final thanks to Al Berthold, Executive Direc-tor of The Neighborhood Design Center. We are thankful for the multi-faceted visioning team you assembled. Each member’s unique participation has been crucial to the development of this study. Most of all, thanks for your trust and patience as you waited for the dénouement.

NEWARK, OHIO VISIONING STUDY

The Neighborhood Design CenterNewark Visioning Team

Published 2008 in United States by Lulu Press, Morrisville, NC

Go to www.lulu.com/ and complete a search for Envisioning Newark: 4th Street to view a digital version of this publication,

or to order an additional hard copy.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introductionpreface

executive overviewNewark overview

initiatives

The Broad Scopeentrances

environmentinformation

The Narrow Scopeentrances

streetscapewayfinding

Conclusion

Appendixanalysis of Newark

initial proposalscommunity participation

bibliography

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121314

17182230

37385080

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9394

102112117

Prefacescope of work

processNDC info

visioning team

Executive Overview

Newark Overview

Initiatives

INTRODUCTION

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“Downtown Newark is a beautiful jewel given to us by our ancestors. While many Ohio towns have similar spaces, I have seen none as complete or as well preserved as ours. The history of the place is its most important asset- the only thing that makes it unique from other places. As we move forward with revitalizing and re-inventing this wonderful place, we MUST remember to empha-size, educate about, and preserve its history.”

-David McManus

INTRODUCTION PREFACE

Scope of WorkIn Spring 2009, ODOT will begin construction on SR-16 and SR-13. The project includes changes in ramp configuration and traffic patterns due to an ODOT safety project. In addition to the ODOT Safety project funding, the City was also allocated federal Transportation Enhancement funds to supplement the construction funding. ODOT is planning on using approzimately $350,000 of the $500,000 in Transportation Enhancement funds allotted for items such as sidewalks, lighting, etc., and the remainder of the funds could be used for additional enhancements to the project. To con-sider additional enhancements, both now and in the future, the Neighborhood Design Center was retained to study and design the possibilities of: • a “gateway” into downtown Newark• continuation of streetscape or gateway concept southward on 4th Street to the railroad under-passes• pedestrian friendly streetscape• promotion of development with sidewalk en-trance to building and parking in rear of building• better wayfinding signage to public facilities and points of interest• additional landscaping, street trees, green space, and planting areas to soften look• use of city seal in a visible location downtown• signage at new SR-16/SR-13 intersection to pro-mote downtown events• bridge decoration to create a landmark on SR-16• decorative improvements to railroad underpasses

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ProcessIn June, the design team from the Neighborhood

Design Center met with Brian Morehead, Newark’s City Engineer, to discuss the scope and expectations

for the new project in Newark. Before starting the design process, two charettes were conducted with

the citizens of Newark to learn about their concerns and listen to their suggestions. The topics discussed

during the charettes included navigating through the downtown, the atmosphere of the downtown, and the identity of Newark. From these charettes, the

team was able to start discussing how to approach the project. In a brainstorming session, three themes

were created for directions to take for design: Small town USA, College town USA, and Green town

USA. After this initial study, the scope of work was divided and roles were assigned within the team:

Javnika Wagle – history and statistics; Cheryl Huff-man – streetscape; Mary Webb – wayfinding and

viaducts; Lyndsey Stough – SR-16. Jake Boswell, an Adjunct Professor from the Knowlton School of Ar-

chitecture at The Ohio State University, helped guide the team by advising and critiquing work throughout

the project. The design work progressed over the next month and a half, and on multiple occasions,

Jason Kentner, Associate Professor from Knowlton, appeared as a guest critic. In mid-August, another

meeting took place in Newark, this time to show its citizens the proposals the design team had created

for the various topics and obtain feedback on them. From this meeting, the proposals were refined and formatted into a book, which could then be made

available for everyone in Newark.

INTRODUCTION PREFACE

The Neighborhood Design CenterThe Neighborhood Design Center was founded in 1982 as a private non-profit organization “to assist groups and businesses in improving the economic, structural, aesthetic, and general environmental conditions of residential and commercial areas within the City of Columbus.” The Design Center is a member of a nationwide Association of Community Design Centers. Com-munity Design Centers are non-profit community or university-based organizations which provide assistance in planning, architecture and commu-nity development to individuals and community groups who are dedicated to the redevelopment of designated economically distressed areas.

The focus of the Design Center’s services is on inner city commercial areas that are economi-cally disadvantaged. Through its contract with the City, the Design Center provides subsidized plan-ning and design related services to business asso-ciations, property owners, business tenants, and various neighborhood groups within the City of Columbus’s 15 Neighborhood Commercial Revi-talization (NCR) areas.

The Design Center also provides design and plan-ning assistance to the City, non-profit corporations and others in areas of the city needing revitaliza-tion. These projects are a necessary supplement to the Center’s income.

Design assistance is provided by interns who are students at The Ohio State University Knowlton School of Architecture. These students are gradu-ate-level or upper-level undergraduates from the disciplines of architecture, city and regional plan-ning, and landscape architecture. The interns are supervised by an architect or planner.

The Design Center also provides technical assis-tance to the Merchant/Business Associations in each of the 15 NCR areas. Assistance ranges from ideas for promotional events and designing bro-chures, newsletters, neighborhood logos, banners and community monuments to providing informa-tion on ways to encourage economic development in the NCR areas. An important part of working with the merchant associations is to develop de-sign plans for capital improvements within the NCR areas.

The Design Center is recognized as a primary tool in the re-direction of neighborhoods by merchants whose businesses have improved along with their storefronts, by various departments of the City, by new investors and their lenders and by residents who have seen a turn-around of their neighbor-hoods. The Design Center has demonstrated the ability to be sensitive to neighborhood economic needs and to provide guidance in the identification and the achievement of their goals.

4th Street Visioning TeamThe 4th Street Visioning Team has focused on 4th

Street, from and including SR-16 to the Viaducts and also 4th Street to the Courthouse. The team

originally consisted of those listed on the left. As the project progressed, Adam and Kyle contrib-uted their efforts in the production of graphics.

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Mary Webb, Designer - is a senior architecture student at the Knowlton School of Architecture looking forward to graduating in 2009.

Kyle Green, Production Assistant- is an architecture student at the Ohio State University and will be graduating in 2009.

Javnika Wagle, Contextual Analyst - is a master’s candidate at the Knowl-ton School of Architecture. She anticipates receiving her degree in city and regional planning this winter.

Lyndsey Stough, Editor - is an architecture student at the Ohio State University’s Knowlton School of Architecture. She intends to graduate spring 2009.

Cheryl Huffman, Project Manager - is a student of the Knowlton School of Architecture at the Ohio State University. She is studying landscape architecture and plans to graduate in 2009.

Jacob Boswell, Consultant - is an adjunct professor of the De-partment of Landscape Architecture at the Ohio State University. He holds a masters degree in landscape archi-tecture and a second masters degree in city and regional planning.

Adam Chizmar, Production Assistant - is an architecture student at the Ohio State University and will be graduating in 2009.

INTRODUCTION EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW

With the advent of the new SR-16 and SR-13 (4th Street) interchange, the city of Newark realizes an opportunity to create a new gateway image into Newark. Extending this image on 4th Street seemed a logical corollary to the presentation of Newark.The city represents a wonderful collection of mod-ernist and historical buildings arranged around an excellent courthouse square set along broad streets with 100’ ‘right of ways’ and intermedial alleys. Ex-isting buildings for the most part are in good exte-rior condition, however, underutilized on ground levels and upper stories. The economic revitaliza-tion of this urban fabric is desired and clearly war-ranted.While the scope of this project has limited geo-graphic confines, the implementation of a new gateway, development of the area around the inter-change, and 4th Street improvements have impli-cations beyond the subject challenge. The horizon surrounding this effort offers broad opportunities to explore, on a grander scale, ways in which the entire city can be revitalized and improved.Our goal was not only to address immediate con-cerns of the City of Newark, but to potentially dis-cover and identify other venues in which the revi-talization effort can extend. To that end, the efforts of the Design Center were to focus on the project at hand but to also recognize other areas of consid-eration that are classified as part of the whole city charette process.Presented herein are finite studies of entry, street

enhancement, wayfinding, and city images that are documented in a close up level of detail. Concepts are illustrated for the focused areas and provide op-tions and choices for ultimate development. These designs are both broad and narrow and present vi-sual ways of upgrading the city’s image providing pleasing environmental and living experiences for residents and visitors alike.Threaded through the rural areas in and around Newark exists an excellent network of bike trails. While extremely broad in scope, this asset does not logically and safely wind its way into the city providing connectivity for all. This phenomenon is only one of a number of broader issues that were identified as part of this process. Others such as parking, downtown demographics, SR-16 as a gate-way/parkway are identified and addressed to a level appropriate to the study.The total enrichment of a community is a long and arduous process involving time, clear thoughts, and investments. It is hoped that the concepts ex-plored here serve as an awakening to the future of Newark and its viability as a classic for small town America.

Al Berthold, NDC Executive Director

INTRODUCTIONNEWARK OVERVIEW

HistoryIn the spring of 1802, General William C. Schenck established Newark, Ohio (though the land had been inhabited many years before by the Hopewell culture). The original plat of land was bounded by Locust Street (north), Walnut Street (south), Front Street (east), and Fifth Street (west). The streets were widely constructed giving an ample turning radii for wagon trains (Brockway 7) . Pedestrians were free to stroll the right of way without fear of harm as vehicles crawled by at slow speeds.(Smythe 15).The city’s roadway system was organized by a grid pattern. Typically streets oriented in this way run north-south and east-west. However, Newark de-parted from this convention rotating its arrange-ment at a right angle in response to the North fork of the Licking River, which runs northwest to southeast (Hill 536).Newark truly began to flourish with advancements in transportation. The creation of the Erie Canal and then the railroad promoted growth in farm-ing and industry. As time progressed and Newark prospered new businesses opened, great pieces of architecture were built, and colleges were incorpo-rated.The city of Newark has many existing points of pride such as the Courthouse Square and its adja-cent murals, the Midland Theater, the Home Build-ing Association Bank, the Arcade, Veteran’s Park, scenic bikeways, and The Works. Today the city wishes to reinvigorate its community beginning

with the Fourth Street , an essential corridor to the historic downtown, in order to attract visitors and entice new inhabitants.

INTRODUCTION INITIATIVES

Initiatives are broad-brush ideas concerning the larger urban issues facing the City of Newark. No plan happens in a vacuum. When addressing a small area of a city designers and planners should refer to a comprehensive visioning plan for guid-ance. In the absence of such we feel it necessary to lay out a set of principles that attempt to imag-ine a broad direction for the City of Newark. Many of these are, necessarily, beyond the scope of this document but will hopefully provide some guid-ance and incentive for future projects and plans. We approached our vision for 4th street with these goals in mind.

Make it UrbanPeople should live there. • Open up 2nd and 3rd floors of buildings as apartments. • Encourage residential development and rehab throughout downtown Newark. • Manage commercial developments to ensure residential services are available.People should want to be there • Make things to do and places to do them. • Create community events. • Encourage restaurants, nightlife, and retail. • Encourage stores to stay open later. • Maintain a degree of safety.People should sense a level of density • Infill any gaps where the streetscape is broken. • Screen parking lots. • Establish pocket parks where infrastruc- ture is lacking.People should sense a level of uniqueness • Use what you have and build on it. • Highlight the characteristics particular to Newark. • Respect the scale of the existing fabric. • Encourage local businesses to develop their own noticeable characteristics.

Make it GreenPeople should be able to bike • Create bike lanes on major streets • Provide convenient bicycle parkingPeople should be able to conveniently live green • Create water gardens • Create water bio-swales • Replace asphalt with pervious pavement • Give incentives for the construction of green roofs • Give incentives for the use of alternative energy sources

Make it ComfortablePeople should feel welcome • Encourage building façade renovation. • Elect street/district managers. • Create consistent signage.People should drive into Newark, not just through • Slow traffic. • Control sight lines.People should be able to park • Properly sign parking. • Maintain condition of parking. • Light parking at night.People should want to walk • Widen sidewalks. • Provide street furniture at regular spaces. • Create shade along a majority of the walking space. • Encourage outdoor cafes and restaurants. • Lengthen the crossing light time. • Make curbs ADA accessible.People should be able to find what they want • Provide wayfinding for vehicles. • Provide wayfinding for pedestrians. • Make wayfinding clear and consistent. • Mark different character areas.

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Entrancesoverpasses

archways

Environmentaccessories

colorlight

vegetation

Informationfun facts

attractionsfuture events

THE BROAD SCOPE

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EntrancesVisitors should know when they are in Newark. An easy way to ensure that this happens is to greet visitors entering into Newark and give farewell to visitors leaving Newark along SR-16. These two points are vital because they are visitors’ first and last impression of Newark. They should be pro-nounced and unavoidable.

EnvironmentVisitors should remember Newark. An easy way to ensure this happens is to use an environmental change to characterize SR-16. The surrounding environment is important because it is the longest impression of Newark. The surrounding environ-ment should be both recognizable to Newark and different from the surrounding highways.

Information Visitors should be intrigued by Newark. An easy way to ensure this happens is to inform visitors about Newark along SR-16. The information is important because it is the lure that draws visitors into Newark. The information should be short and easy to read.

THE BROAD SCOPE ENTRANCES

OverpassesOverpasses are pre-existing structures that greet-ings and farewells can be attached to. All over-passes along SR-16 in Newark are located west of the downtown. The greetings and farewells should be obvious and readable. They could be applied di-rectly to the overpass or they could be on a sepa-rate piece and then attached to the overpass. The new pedestrian bridge is an overpass that could easily greet and give farewell to drivers.

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THE BROAD SCOPE ENTRANCES

ArchwaysArchways are a way to greet and give farewell in areas where there is no pre-existing structure. East of the downtown does not have any over-passes and is a good area for an archway. The archway should be a reflection of Newark’s image. The greeting and farewell should be obvious and readable. The new pedestrian bridge could be the source of design ideas for the archway.

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THE BROAD SCOPE ENVIRONMENT

AccessoriesAccessories are supplementary components that improve the aesthetic character of the highway. They can be used to highlight a significant area, such as the downtown. The accessories should be particular to Newark. They could serve a func-tion and could be of a unique shape, size, or color. Lamps could create character for the highway and serve to light it at night.

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ColorColor is a visual attribute that can quickly create interest. The color should be visually appealing. It could be used to create visual unity amongst many different objects. The underpasses and road barri-ers are examples of objects that color could easily be added to.

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LightLight is a tool to highlight objects at night. New-ark’s best landmarks should be lit. The lights can be multiple colors or can switch between colors. The new pedestrian bridge is an example of what could be lit at night.

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VegetationVegetation is an environmentally-friendly op-tion for Newark along SR-16. Depending on the type, the vegetation will require different levels of maintenance. Vegetation can be placed along a majority of the highway. The vegetation should be memorable. Perhaps the leaves are a distinct color or perhaps everything will bloom at the same time. Wild flowers are an option that requires little maintenance.

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THE BROAD SCOPE INFORMATION

Fun FactsFun facts are a way to involve others. They let peo-ple see different sides of Newark. The facts should be quick and clear. There could be a series of facts along the highway or there could be a single fact that changes every week.

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AttractionsAttractions are magnets for visitors. They pull people in off the highway into the downtown. The attractions should be advertised and the direc-tions to reach them should be clear.

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Future EventsFuture events give visitors’ reasons to return to Newark. The events should be advertised for and the directions to reach them should be clear. The events should be community events and can occur weekly, monthly, annually, or sporadically.

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Entrancesnorthern exit ramp

southern viaducts

Streetscapeintroduction

section keystreetscape plans

street detailselevations

final rendering

Wayfindingvehicular

pedestrian

THE NARROW SCOPE

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EntrancesResidents and visitors should know when they are in the downtown. An easy way to ensure this hap-pens is to create points of interest at all entrances. These points are vital because they are the first impression of the downtown. They should be pro-nounced and unavoidable.

StreetscapeResidents and visitors should remember the downtown. An easy way to ensure this happens is to use the streetscape to characterize 4th street. The streetscape is important because it is the longest impression of Newark and involves the most interaction. The streetscape should be both recognizable to the downtown and comfortable for pedestrians and vehicles.

Wayfinding Visitors should know how to move through New-ark. An easy way to ensure this happens is to inform visitors using different wayfinding tech-niques along 4th Street. The wayfinding elements are important because they guide both residents and visitors throughout the downtown. The way-finding elements should be easy to see, read, and understand.

THE NARROW SCOPE ENTRANCES

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1” = 25’

corner markers

entrance feature


1” = 25’

entrance feature

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1” = 25’

entrance feature

bridge lights

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Southern Viaducts - ArtCommunity artThe 4th Street underpass could be a way of involving the citizens and creating a showpiece on the main southern entranceway into down-town. For $5 or $10, residents could purchase a block of the underpass to paint themselves. This small fee would pay for a large portion of the materials needed, therefore creat-ing a low cost option.

Installation art The 3rd and 5th Street underpasses could be an opportunity for artists in Newark to get involved using installation art. Installation art is artwork designed for a specific place and time. The artwork would be freestanding, so no improve-ments would have to be done on the actual underpass. Installations could be changed on a regular basis in order to create continued inter-est.

TELEPHONE BLD.

CHURCH

LIBRARY

SR-16

CHURCH STREET

LOCUST STREET

MAIN STREET

MARKET ST.

CANAL ST.

WALNUT ST.

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community art

installation art

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Southern Viaducts - PaintA quick and low cost solution to the underpasses is to refinish the concrete surface and paint them a different color. The 4th Street underpass could be painted a different color than the others to signify that it is one of the main streets through the downtown.

LIBRARY

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Southern Viaducts - LightingCurrently, none of the underpasses being studied are well lit and are dark even during the day. This gives the appearance that underpasses are unsafe,

especially for pedestrians. To resolve this issue, there are numerous creative possibilities that

could use lights in order to enhance the entrance experience, while also creating a safer environ-

ment.

LIBRARY

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Southern Viaducts - LandscapingIn addition to working with the actual underpass, attention should also be paid to the area encom-passing the underpass. Well planned landscaping is a way to enhance any feature. This has already been done on one corner of the 3rd Street under-pass, but others are filled with overgrown plants and weeds. We recommend extending the land-scaping around the 3rd Street underpass to the other underpasses where possible. This would help any other work done with the underpasses stand out like they should.

LIBRARY

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THE NARROW SCOPE STREETSCAPE

IntroductionToday, State Route 13, or Fourth Street, functions as a haphazard route through

Newark. Defined as a major arterial by its high volumes of daily traffic (see page 99 for ODOT traffic counts) the

street unintentionally channels vehicles through at fast speeds. This is a result of the exceptionally wide right of way, bleak

streetscape, and lack of visual density. Vehicular speeds and street breadth are intimidating to pedestrians. In order to

cross the street one must hurry across the lanes, fully exposed to traffic. This

task becomes unmanageable for seniors, families with young children, and people

with disabilities. Additionally, the ab-sence of street trees and other street

furniture creates a feeling of exposure for pedestrians walking along the street. Concerns like these undercut the inher-

ent walkability of the downtown. In the proceeding section, a series of

recommendations are forwarded with the goal of enhancing Fourth Street and

compelling an environment that is ur-ban, comfortable, and green (for further explanations of these strategies proceed

to the appendix).

Section KeyNewark has a diverse range of architectural styles and charac-ter. Fourth Street undeniably exhibits this. In order to create a streetscape which embraces this idea a conditional landscape is necessary. The materials selected must be as diverse as the sur-rounding architectural palette. All plant material selected must thrive in an urban streetscape setting, meaning that the selected plants should tolerate full sun, drought, salt, and pollution. The plant may be selected based on ornamental qualities such as fall leaf color or spring bloom time; however the best plant will compliment the surrounding street architecture. Ohio native plants are highly recommended. Avoid trees with fruits that drop, such as the crabapple in areas where maintenance is a concern. A specific planting palette may be desirable within district areas (see page 110). A narrow palette can help subtly define each dis-trict while keeping consistent with overall street character.


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Holophane Granville Classic lampposts should be placed along the street where more light is needed. The pole system may have a fluted shaft for ban-ners or other attachments. In places unsuitable for a pole, acorn lights may be attached to building facades.

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C

A

B

Type D is also a large tree (50’ and beyond). Unlike C trees these plants should be selected for a loose branching habit, similar to the London Plan-etree (Platanus xacerfolia). This allows large trees to be placed in areas comforting to pedestrians and framing the roadway while assuring notable architectural details and signs are undisturbed.

Type C is a large tree (50’ and beyond) with a tight branching pattern. Quer-cus bicolor (Swamp White Oak) or comparable C type trees can provide ref-uge from the sun at the pedestrian level while doubling as a screen for blank facades, undesirable views, and voids in areas of desired density.

Type A refers to a small tree with an overall height and canopy spread of 15-30’. Amelanchier sp. (Serviceberry), Cercis canadensis (Eastern Redbud), and Malus sp. (Crabapple) are all examples of suitable plants. Plants in this category should be considered when planting near utility line.

Type B refers to a medium sized tree, 30-50’ high and wide. Trees of this na-ture can disguise unappealing voids along a right of way. When massed, trees of this character can achieve the same visual effect and mass as a building. For example, areas with lengthy parking lots or excessive building setbacks can utilize type B trees to form density and help continue the line of facades that front the Fourth Street sidewalk. Bradford Pear trees (Pyrus calleryana ‘Bradford’) exemplify characteristics of a B tree.

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1” = 500’

Streetscape Plans In the following pages, streetscape concepts for

Fourth Street are introduced in five segments (seen in the diagram to the left) in order to depict

the finer details of this scheme. Note that each of the five subdivisions tie into the greater Fourth

Street motif creating a unified atmosphere. While elements such as street trees, lampposts,

and banners can help define Fourth Street, it should be understood that these features can also

become subtle gestures, signaling areas of dif-fering identity. Three vertical bands of varying

character have been observed along Fourth Street (see appendix for a diagram of the suggested dis-

tricts). Utilizing planting methods set forth by the subsequent plans can help define these character

areas when a single species is determined for each tree type (a-d) in each of the three districts. The restricted palette gives each district a unique feel

yet provides visual clarity and interest.

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1” = 500’Streetscape Plan - 1 The land between State Route 16 and Church Street is a part of a new district that has the ability to define itself in time. Future development will largely impact its identity, however careful guide-lines should be set to make the character of this area a distinct expression that is appropriate for Downtown Newark.

N1” = 100’

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1” = 500’Streetscape Plan - 2 Two districts are shown in the adjacent plan. With the specified placement of trees correspond-ing to architecture and street position the indi-vidual districts appear much like a continuous thought. The historic downtown area begins after Church Street and continues until Canal. Notice that this is the locale of the arcade, a currently underutilized asset which needs to become a focal point for the downtown community.

N1” = 100’

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1” = 500’Streetscape Plan - 3 This plan marks the most important intersection (at Fourth and Main) in the historic downtown. This intersection must guide visitors toward the courthouse square. To indicate this importance, a change in road pavement could call out its significance. To further this idea, the addition of planting strips could grab the attention of people experiencing Newark.

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1” = 500’Streetscape Plan - 4 Canal Street marks the beginning of the final district. We have fittingly named this district the “Canal District” for the historic section of the Erie Canal that once defined it. The Canal district requires a good amount of attention in order to deal with the many vacancies and voids within the area. Because the Canal District is already home to numerous residential and family oriented services such as The Works, the police station, fire station, and the Little Bear Grocery, it is our opinion that the Canal District should see future development as a largely residential community. It is suggested that the City of Newark and prop-erty owners dress the voids in this area with dense trees until buildings can be infilled. This, in effect, temporarily disguises voids until more permanent progress can be made. Though this would require a reduction in total parking area, our research shows that Newark would be unharmed by down-sizing these under-occupied lots (see the appendix for the team’s parking study).

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1” = 500’Streetscape Plan - 5 The area represented here, a portion of the Ca-nal District, illustrates the valid potential of this section to become a residential neighborhood. As the road narrows and the sidewalk increases this area begins to take on the character of the residential community south of the viaduct. This potentially creates a nice transition point between this largely single family residential community and the increasing density of the downtown. The large street trees on both sides of the viaduct help to extend the underpass and connect the two neighborhoods.

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1” = 500’Street DetailsIn the next two spreads, two parts of the streetscape plan have been increased to magnify their features and discuss smaller details of high importance. These changes are intended to make the right of way more comfortable for vehicular traffic and pedestrians.

Bump-outsAlong Fourth Street, bump-outs (shown below in plan and in section to the right) become an important device for calming traffic and reducing the distance pedestrians must walk to reach the other side. Two types of bump-outs are explored in these plans. The first is a street corner bump-out. Corner bump-outs are situated at every corner, and extend the entire distance of each parking lane, thus reduc-

ing the distance pedestrians must cross by twenty feet. The second type is similar and for our purposes called a tree bump-out. Tree bump-outs are located within the allotment of one parking space. They are used to play a trick on the eye, making the road feel smaller than it really is by adding density to the visual field. This impression of density essen-tially causes traffic to slow in response. Tree bump-outs are also to be used for pedestrians, indicating mid-block cross-ing situations. Mid-block crossings should occur when the block is over four hundred feet long. This helps generate a pleasant shopping and strolling experience.

8’6’ 6’ 6’ 8’ 6’

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1” = 500’Street Detail - 1 The addition of a mid-block pocket park in a cur-rently vacant lot would greatly enhance the qual-ity of the Fourth Street experience (the suggested location is shown in the corresponding plan). As people shop the specialty stores and boutiques of downtown Newark they can find refuge in a quaint little park to sit, relax, and people watch. A mid-block crossing with tree bump-outs would al-low guests of the arcade to easily find their way to this public green. In this section of Fourth Street, where people primarily come to shop, benches should be placed at frequent intervals and in close relation to one another to allow for interac-tion. Also, bike racks need to be spaced along the sidewalk at popular riding destinations such as the Trading Zone and the barber shop.

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1” = 500’Street Detail - 2 This section of Fourth Street is less populated by pedestrians. However, benches and bike racks must also be placed alongside less pedestrian destinations at further spaced intervals. This still provides people with the option to walk or bike somewhere and rest along the way or secure their equipment while they’re away.

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1” = 500’

Elevations To assist in demonstrating how to select plant

sizes and locations, as well as, areas of infill and appropriate density, we have prepared elevations

A and B. These elevations help to visually describe our process and ideas concerning plantings and

infill. Specific notes about infill are included. As these elevations designate specific plant types and

specific locations remember that this system of design is flexible, accommodating to what best

suits its surroundings. The open nature of this plan allows the streetscape principals to extend

beyond the boundaries of this study and on to other thoroughfares within Newark.

73


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Final RenderingThis rendering is a repre-

sentation of what 4th street might look like with only

a few basic changes. In the rendering, street trees have

been added in the condi-tional style. Trees are placed

to mask voids in the built fabric of the street, this

simple change results in an enhanced visual density for

automobile traffic and the semblance of refuge and

shade for pedestrians. Ad-ditionally, the rendering sug-

gests a change in pavement at the crosswalk. A pave-

ment change in these loca-tions makes the street more

inviting for pedestrians to cross while also serving as a subtle traffic calming device

for vehicles moving along 4th street. Simple changes

employed city-wide will result in a more identifiable character and a more walk-

able environment for the City of Newark.


THE NARROW SCOPE WAYFINDING

Vehicular - SignageA common form of wayfinding is coordinating vehicular signs attached to street signs or poles for traffic signals with signs posted on the side-walk for pedestrians. Listed on these signs is a list of attractions that many visitors commonly look for. The two sets of signs have similar styles and the signs must be of a certain size in order to be viewed from afar. In Newark, the signs could take on different colors depending on which district they are located in. The attractions listed could also be displayed in different colors according to district.

BannersBanners can be used for multiple purposes: wel-

coming people to Newark, denoting the areas in downtown Newark, or advertising upcoming events. Whatever the purpose, in order to be ef-

fective, they must be used continuously rather than sparingly. Effective banners are also highly

graphic, use small amounts of text, and are placed low enough that people can see them. If the ban-

ners were to denote the districts of downtown, they could all be designed with similar styles, but

change colors with the districts.

81

THE NARROW SCOPE WAYFINDINGVehicular - Directional MuralDirectional murals would occur in parking lots, located on the side or back of buildings. While some already exist on Main Street, they need to be more eye-catching in order to be effective.

Promotional MuralPromotional murals should keep with the histori-cal character that has already been established in

the existing murals along Canal Street. They must be large enough to be seen from a distance and

should be able to be seen from 4th Street.

83

Vehicular - Visual MuralVisual murals are an opportunity to add visual density where there are currently vacant lots or vacant storefronts. These could be tempo-rary and portable, so when some-thing does move into that space, the mural can move to another area in need.

TELEPHONE BLD.

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directional

promotional visual

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Pedestrian - Ground paintingGround painting is an option that does not involve adding more accessories to the street or sidewalk. Occurring at the beginning of a crosswalk or the edge of sidewalks, the paintings could be either written or graphic. Graphic directions would include an image or symbol for the attraction as well as pointing in that direction.


Written directions could include a witty phrase about the attraction and then direct the person to that attraction. To connect this with

the “areas,” each area would be assigned a color and all signs for the attractions in that area would be painted the assigned color.

87


Pedestrian Wayfinding - MapsThe option of maps coincides with ground paint-ing. Maps of Newark could be depicted on the ground and would include more information than just directions to the attractions. They would also illustrate all city-owned buildings, denote the area, and highlight parking. The maps would be placed at major intersections and areas that have large open spaces – such as the courthouse square.

Store SignsSigns projecting from the front of a store help

make pedestrians aware of what is coming up on that block. There are multiple techniques that

can be used to develop these signs. With heavily regulated signs, guidelines are made for size, color, material, and images used for the signage, so each

sign is part of the same series. Having minimal guidelines creates an eclectic look, as every shop is allowed some creativity in designing their own sign. No guidelines at all offer results in a chaotic or haphazard condition which detracts from the

experience of the street.

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CONCLUSION

SummaryWith this study, the city of Newark has initiated a significant step in the revitalization of its inherent but unrealized assets in the historic down-

town and surroundings. While city-wide awareness and continued support are crucial to the success of this endeavor, strategies for implementing the ideas explored in this publication must be set and pursued to accomplish

the desired outcome.

The NDC Team suggests tactical phasing when implementing new and re-energizing old elements. This strategy analyzes the anticipated end result

synthesizing each element into immediate and long term efforts based on budget and time. Immediate efforts should be dedicated to elements

or ideas which encourage instant results while remaining consistent with future additions.

As thoughts for streetscape enhancement and wayfinding are recognized on Fourth Street parallel applications should be considered on surround-

ing roadways. Projecting these ideas beyond SR-16 and SR-13 are a way to unify city-wide character and beautification.

As these ideas are projected to other streets it is important to remember these thoughts are not a rigid standard rather they are flexible guidelines

for improvement. The guidelines the NDC team has presented exhibit de-sign intent for specific locations. As the context is altered the meaning of

each design should be re-interpreted.

What’s next for Newark?Newark needs a large scale visioning plan which considers the growth of

the entire community. This vision can be more flexible than a master plan, adapting to time and change, providing a cohesive community scheme with

a strong foundation for smaller development plans and streetscape ideas.

94

102

112

117

Analysis of NewarkDistricts

Land UseOn/Off Street ParkingPublic/Private Parking

Parking ComparisonOdot Traffic CountsExisting Streetscape

Initial ProposalsStreetscapes

DistrictsBike Paths

Community ParticipationCharette Minutes

SurveysParticipants

Bibliography

APPENDIX

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WALNUT ST.

Districts

multi family residential R3

single family residential R1

business area B3

light manufacturing M1

historic area HD1

APPENDIX ANALYSIS OF NEWARK

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E

D

CB

A

Land Use

commercial

residential

parking

public/institutional

green/open space

rail

Landmarks

Courthouse

City Hall

Library

Police Station

Fire Station

UDF

C

A

AB

D

E

ABAB

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On/Off Street Parking

building

parking

unmarked parking

on-street parkingTELEPHONE BLD.

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CANAL ST.

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Public/Private Parking

buildings

off-street private parking

off-street public parking

unspecific off-street parkingTELEPHONE BLD.

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CANAL ST.

MAIN STREET

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Newark• unscreened• under utilized

Short North• screening• continuity

Easton• organized• wayfinding elements

Easton WayHig

h St

reet

4th

Stre

etParking Comparison


ODOT Average Daily Traffic Counts

traffic section length (mi) PASS, A COM’L B, C COM’L Total Count

SR-13 (4th Street) Main St .10 10960 500 11460 SR 13DA (4th St) .10 7750 340 8090 Church St .17 11470 500 11970 SR-16 .23 10060 440 10500 3rd St .10 8150 220 8370

SR-16 W. Corp. Newark .85 32840 2620 35460 Granville Rd .78 36750 2690 39440 Church St 1.09 31130 2580 33710 21st St .72 34770 2620 37390 SR-79 .59 43780 3380 47160 SR-13DA (4th St) .10 30830 1900 32730 SR-13 (Hudson Ave) .09 30830 1900 32730 ATR #767 .13 30830 1900 32730 Ramps to/from SR-13 .35 36810 2300 39110 Buena Vista St .41 33290 1540 34830 SR-79 (Cedar St) .89 26940 1270 28210 O’Bannon Ave 1.62 22830 1120 23950 E. Corp. Newark .34 22830 1120 23950

PASS = passenger vehicles

A COM’L = light commercial vehiclesB COM’L = medium commercial vehicles

C COM”L = heavy commercial vehicles

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Existing Streetscape• 68’ roadway• 2 parking lanes• 4 lanes of traffic• varying sidewalk widths 4’-16’• nowhere for pedestrians to sit and relax• sparse overhead canopy (trees, awnings, etc.)• great potential for growth and beautification in the existing 100’ right of way


In this section three schemes have been illustrated with differing approaches to streetscape enhance-ment. Each scheme is not a stand alone option. Rather, a collection of like-minded options to be selected on an individual basis then combined to create a complete streetscape plan suitable to the needs and desires of Newark Each set of options are described by a three dimensional model, plan, and series of sections, which demonstrate how each element can assist in the enhancement of Fourth Street.

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APPENDIX INITIAL PROPOSALS

• lights• banners• trees

Streetscapes - UrbanIn order to make Newark more urban, downtown elements should disguise voids in the streetscape while enhancing character and charm. Imple-menting universal street elements is one way to do this. Streetlamps with banners could be placed a regular intervals with a single species of regu-larly placed trees in between. Elements organized in this manner contribute to a continuous line of streetscape that is easy for the eyes to follow. Though, this methodology is easy to apply and ex-tremely efficient, it can become monotonous and non-stimulating.

lights

trees

banners

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Streetscape - ComfortableA second technique for organizing the streetscape along Fourth derives from the conditional place-ment of elements. In this scheme, trees and light-ing respond to their surrounding environments ensuring that signs are visible and undesirable views are blocked. Street furniture, trash recep-tacles, and store front projections are also added, catering to pedestrians and promoting walkability. The final streetscape plan (page 55) fundamentally resembles this scheme (though the central median was excluded).

• median• trash receptacles• street furniture• projections• conditional street trees• median street trees


median

street furniture

trash receptacles

projections

conditional street trees

median street trees

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Streetscape - GreenThis set of options considers ways to promote eco-friendly options. The green technique intro-duces streetscape ideas like bike only lanes, tree bump-outs (similar to the one described on page 52) which double as storm water collectors, and bio-swales which allow collected storm water to infiltrate back into the water table. These options can be rather expensive to employ, but neverthe-less, are important to consider as Newark pushes towards future growth and development.

• bike lanes• curb bump-outs• run-off collectors• bio-swale


curb bump-outs

bike lanes

run-off collectors

bio-swales

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Urban

Comfortable Green

109

Districts

new area

historic area

canal area

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Bike PathsThe city of Newark has a huge potential to be one of the

great biker-friendly cities in the country. As of right now, Downtown Newark is the object that is keeping the two

bike paths from connecting. This should not be the case. By taking advatage of Newark’s current bike paths, New-

ark will be able to pull bikers into the city.

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APPENDIX COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION

Charette Minutes

These notes are from the Charettes held on June 25-26, 2008. The Charettes were the team’s oppor-tunity to talk directly to members of the commu-nity and hear their comments and concerns. The three general topics of Navigation, Downtowning, and Identity were used to organized comments.

These are an abridged version of the notes taken during the charette. For a complete copy, contact the Neighborhood Design Center.

Navigation• Create a good first impression of the city of Newark for when you are coming off of SR-16• Design a path that takes people from SR-16 to 4th St to Main St. to the city square• Something that says “Welcome to Newark”• Continuous bike path through downtown New-ark, connecting the East and West bike paths• Make the city square an ultimate destination and then distribute people from there to alternative destinations• Have an events board at the entry point so that people can find out what events are taking place downtown• Place signs or plaques by statues/murals that give a small story about the element• Call out unique destination points• Create signage that people are able to read and use, signage that goes with a theme• Make people realize downtown is more than courthouse square• Slow 4th St. traffic for pedestrians• Make streets crossable for the handicap and el-derly (longer signals, handicap delay buttons, etc.)• Make 4th St. a “front yard” inviting people into Newark’s “back yard” (courthouse square)• Balance circulation between automobiles, bi-cycles, and pedestrians • From 4th one cannot see the courthouse• 4th is too wide and too fast. • Indicating where to cross by a differentiated tex-ture (cast concrete pavers, etc.)

Downtowning• Definition of historic district/ downtown. Many do not associate the two, even though the down-town is historic. • Give them something to do downtown, give them a reason to go there. • Keeping employees there/ pulling others in. Keep them there after work walking around, eat-ing, and shopping.• Farmer’s Market. Good program, but many people have no idea it exists. • Downtown housing – what is the market? Who would live downtown? • Age of buildings/codes are an issue with utilizing the buildings already standing. What to do with those problems? • Incentives for improvements • Celebrate all the styles Newark has • Look at the whole downtown, not just the court-house square• Make it look occupied, even if it isn’t. • Do something to blank walls • Use the Arcade more effectively• Fill in empty lots. • Make areas walkable/attractive/inviting• 4th Street needs green – plantings, pocket parks (taking care of some of the empty lots). • Buildings are maintained and used• More pedestrian oriented retail • Essential services to residential uses “Newark is like a toilet every day between 4:30 and 5:00 o’clock the workers are flushed out”

Identity• Square = gateway to amenities• Farmer’s Market • Events on the square – permanent what’s go-ing on? –“Chamber of Commerce.”• People want to park rather than walk• Value of Licking County and history• Number of murals• Brass figures• Stories could be next to historic buildings• The community utilizes the past as well as any readily available resources• Everyone knows downtown is historical but the historic feel is absent.• The courthouse grounds are uncoordinated. They are “overgrown and not attractive”• The national registration for the courthouse remains forgotten• The jail is a highlight to the community• After the impressive holiday lights on the square the community returns to winter dor-mancy• Newark is perceived as “cute and quaint”• The library, theater, and Veterans’ park are important places• The community would like to see the arcade as a more prominent building• 4th sidewalks are cracked and ugly. They are uninviting and unrewarding for people to walk• Lockable bike racks that are quarter-fed • A misconception of the downtown as unsafe• “a place between the basket and Granville”

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APPENDIX COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION

Survey

This is an example of the survey that was handed out to participants of the two charettes. Com-pleted surveys provided us with imput on specific topics concerning Downtown Newark.*

1. What is your home Zip code?2. Do you (Check all that apply)? o Live in Downtown Newark o Live in Licking County o Work Downtown o Shop downtown o Own/ manage a retail / restaurant o Own/ manage a non retail business o Come to events Downtown. How many times ….3. About how long ago was your last NON- WORK visit to downtown Newark? o Within the last week o Within two weeks o Within four weeks o Within one year o N / A 4. What institutions do you think define Down-town Newark the most? o Court House o The Works o Antique Stores\ Art galleries o Restaurants\ Pubs \ Bars o Locally owned shops o Others

5. What will make you more likely to visit Down-town Newark? Feature Rank(1–5) o More Clean and beautiful places o More Diverse groups of people living o More Cultural activities in Downtown o The Historic setting of Downtown o More pedestrian oriented Streets o Others 6. What features of Downtown do you like least? Feature Rank (1– 5) o Parking o It feels unsafe to walk. o Its Hard to navigate in Downtown o Not enough entertainment venues. o There are not enough Stores \ shopping. o Run down buildings dirty places. o Others (Please specify) 7. What type of retail would you like to have in Downtown Newark? o Only independent retail o Only National Chain Retail Stores o Both independent and chain retail 8. How is the downtown’s walk ability? o 1 Very good o 2 Good o 3 Average o 4 Bad o 5 Very bad 9. What are the major problems with Downtown walk ability? Feature Rank (1– 5)

o Motor cycle o Car o Bus o Walk 13. Please specify your gender and age group. Male Female o Under 18 o Under 18 o 18 to 24 o 18 to 24 o 25 to 34 o 25 to 34 o 35 to 44 o 35 to 44 o 45 to 54 o 45 to 54 o 55 to 64 o 55 to 64 o 65+ o 65+14. Was the visioning session successful today? o Yes o No 15. Please provide any other thoughts\ sugges-tions\ comments regarding today‘s presentation:

16. Please provide any other thoughts or com-ments concerning improvements you would like to see in Downtown Newark?

We appreciate your time and concern! Thank you!

*The results were inconclusive due to a low rate of return, and therefore they were not included in this publication.

o Not enough sidewalks o Sidewalks aren’t wide enough o Sidewalks aren’t separated from traffic o Not enough Street trees o Not enough Street lighting o Sidewalks are not handicapped accessible o Unsafe o Too much litter or trash o Too much pollution o Hard to cross the street o Other 10. How easy is to navigate downtown Newark? o 1 Very good o 2 Good o 3 Average o 4 Bad o 5 Very bad 11. What street elements would you like to see in Downtown Newark? Feature Rank(1– 5) o More Trash Cans o More Benches o More Trees and planters o More Street lighting o More Hanging baskets o More Banners o More Bike racks o More News Stands o Other 12. What is your major mode of Transportation within Downtown Newark? o Bike

115

Mary Albright, Reese, Pyle, Drake & MeyerErica Allbaugh, LCATSCynthia L. Atha, Clerment Natural GasKathleen Barch, Newark Service DirectorLauren Bindley, WCLT/T100Jerry Brems, Licking County Planning CommisionEric Brown, WCLT RadioMark Van Buren, Licking County Comm.Linda Carr, Adventist Community ServicesJudith Carr, City of Newark Com. Develop.Vicky Crist, Licking County Chamber Randy Comisford, ODOTBob Diebold, Newark MayorMarcia Downes, The WorksLarry Doyle, Main Street AccessJim Dziatkowicz, EMH&TRyan Edwards, LCPCSherry Elkins, Newark City Economic Devel.Carol Floyd, City CouncilMarc Guthrie, Newark City CouncilJulie Gwinn, ODOTBill Hanes, Wachel & McAnallySteve Herb, Ohio Equities/Anderson LaymanMatthew Hill, LCATSCindy Hollis, PNB, Chamber DowntownEd Houdeshell, Newark City CouncilBen Hunsinger, DNAIrene Kennedy, Newark City CouncilRob Klinger, Licking County Economic Devel.Jim Lenner, LCPCSandra Mapel, LCATSJerry McClain, The Jerry McClain Co.

Virginia Patterson, Memory Lane/DNAAmy Picard, Newark AdvocateKeith Richards, Newark City SchoolsKarl Sandin, Denison/E.M.S.V.V.P.Chris Savage, LCPC - Comm. Dev.Pam Sexton, ODOT - District 5Jeff Strung, EMH&TStacy Thompson, Evans FoundationJeff Van Dine, AEPTodd D. Willis, ADR & AssociatesTracey Wilson, The WorksLori Wince, This WeekMargie Williams, Newark Sign ShopMark Heckmann, Denison UniversityXijie Lu, Denison UniversityJerome Price, Denison UniversityLewis Claggett, The Land OfficeSandy Ridella, The Frame UpLynda Karn, ACS NewarkBob Evan, Bargain ShowMary Williams-Brook, SELFBrian Fraoker, Heartland BankKevin Pugh, Myers & PughAnne Spray, City of NewarkTy Thompson, ODOT Amy Toohey, ODOTJoe Kennedy, self Jeff Gill, LCCHGraham Campbell Steve ElmetVicky Christiansen Stewart DykeFrank Logan Jay HaherylDavid McManus David M. MauuSally Davis Sherry BraggBob Cullen

APPENDIX COMMUNITY PARTICIPATON

APPENDIX BIBLIOGRAPHY

Alden E. Stilson & Associates. Arterial Highway Plan, Newark, Ohio and Vicinity: Prelimi- nary Engineering Report. 1955. Brockway, Chance. Newark. Images of America. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2004. Canal Society of Ohio. The Ohio & Erie Canal Buckeye Lake to Frazeysburg. [Akron, OH]: Canal Society of Ohio, 1988. Hill, N. N. History of Licking County, O.: Its Past and Present. Salem, Mass: Higginson Book Co, 1990. Ladislas Segoe & Associates. Master Plan for Newark, Ohio: 1964. Cincinnati, Ohio: Ladislas Segoe & Associates, 1964. Lepper, Bradley T. The Newark Earthworks: A Wonder of the Ancient World. Columbus, Ohio: Ohio Historical Society, 2002. Licking County (Ohio). A Circulation and Transportation Plan, Licking County, Ohio. [Newark, Ohio?]: The Commission, 1967. Licking County Regional Planning Commission (Ohio). Newark Area Transit Study. [Newark, Ohio]: The Commission, 1972.Newark, Ohio Master Plan. Supporting Documentation 1964. Vol II. Cincinnati, Ohio: Ladislas Segoe & Associates, 1964. Pancoast, Chalmers Lowell. Our Home Town Memories. 1958.Petty, Stephen F., and Ronald P. Tutas. Transit Feasibility Study for the City of Newark and Licking County, Ohio. [Columbus]:

Ohio Dept. of Transportation, 1977. Smucker, Isaac. Centennial History of Licking County, Ohio: Read at the Centennial Celebration of the Licking Co. Agricultural Society, at the “Old Fort,” July 4th, 1876. Newark, Ohio: Clark & Underwood, Printers, 1876. Smythe, Brandt George. Early Recollections of Newark. Newark [Ohio]: T.E. Hite, 1940. Reynolds, Esther Charlotte. Settlement of Licking County to 1840. Thesis (M.A.)--Ohio State University, 1951.United States. Flood Insurance Study: City of Newark, Ohio, Licking County. [Washington]: Dept. of Housing and Urban Development, Federal Insurance Administration, 1976.

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