Environmental Protection Authority · 7/23/2014 · and pPopoff series may be used for inducible expression. Vectors may contain the following genetic elements derived from bacterial,

Environmental Protection Authority Te /VIana RauhT Taiao

DECISION

Date

Application code

Application type

Applicant

Date application received

Consideration date

Considered by

Purpose of the application

1. Summary of decision

23 July 2014

APP202127

To develop in containment genetically modified organisms under

sections 40(1) and 42A of the Hazardous Substances and New

Organisms Act 1996

The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research (Plant and

Food)

10 July 2014

24 July 2014

The Chief Executive of the Environmental Protection Authority

(EPA)1

To develop genetically modified organisms (microorganisms and

plants) in containment to understand the secondary metabolite

pathways associated with abiotic stress response in plants, and

how these pathways have influenced the evolution of plants.

1.1 Application APP202127 to develop, as a project, genetically modified organisms (as described in

Table 1 of this decision) in containment is approved, with controls .

1.2 I had sufficient information to assess the application. The application was considered in accordance

with section 42A of the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act 1996 ("the Act"), the

Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (Low-Risk Genetic Modification) Regulations 2003 ("the

Regulations"}, and the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (Methodology) Order 1998 ("the

Methodology").

1 The Chief Executive of the EPA has made the decision on this application under delegated authority in accordance with section 19 of the Act.

New Zealand Government www.epa.govt.nz

2

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------- oeC:fsicin:-i>.F>-P'icii1-ii

2. The approved genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and the controls imposed

Purpose of the project

2.1 The purpose of this application is to develop genetically modified microorganisms and model plant

species to understand the cellular pathways that control the biosynthesis, regulation and accumulation

of secondary metabolites associated with abiotic stress response in plants (particularly UV-irradiation),

and how these pathways have influenced the evolution of land plants.

2.2 I determined that this application is for a valid purpose; the development of any new organism as

provided for in section 39(1 )(a) of the Act.

Description of the organisms to be developed

2.3 As per section 42A(2) of the Act, I was satisfied that the host organisms and the proposed genetic

modifications conform to the requirements of;

• Category 1 and 2 host organisms (as per clause 7 of the Regulations); and

• Category A and B genetic modifications (as per clause 5 of the Regulations) (as described in Table

1 ).

Table 1: Approved organism description

Category 1 Microorganisms

Host organism

Category of host organism

Escherichia coli (Migula 1895) Castenellani and Chalmers 1919 non conjugative, non

pathogenic laboratory strains

Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Smith and Townsend, 1907) Conn 1942 disarmed strains

Agrobacterium rhizogenes (Riker et al. 1930) Conn, 1942 disarmed strains

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Meyen ex EC Hansen (1883) non pathogenic, non-sporulating

laboratory adapted strains

Pichia pastoris Guillerm Phaff (1956) non pathogenic, non-sporulating laboratory adapted

strains

Ogataea angusta (Teun., H.H. Hall & Wick.) Suh & Zhou 2010 (syn. Pichia angusta) non

pathogenic, non-sporulating laboratory adapted strains

Schizosaccharomyces pombe Lindner 1893 non pathogenic, non-sporulating laboratory

adapted strains

Brevibacil/us choshinensis (Takagi et al. 1993) Shida et al. 1996 non pathogenic

laboratory strains

These organisms are Category 1 host organisms because;

• they are clearly identifiable and classifiable;

• they are characterised to the extent that their main biological characteristics

are known;

• they are not normally able to (or contain infectious agents normally able to)

cause disease in humans, animals, plants or fungi;

• they do not normally infect, colonise or establish in humans; and

• they do not produce desiccation-resistant structures such as spores or cysts

3

---- --------------- ----------- ------------ ------------ --------------- --- ----------------------------------- oe<:iSion:-.tiF>-P"ia21-2i

Modification

Category of modification

that can be normally disseminated in the air.

Standard non-conjugative cloning, binary or expression plasmid vectors will be used to

generate recombinant bacteria and yeast strains for protein expression, gene function

studies, and/or transformation of plants (either transient or stable transformation) . Vectors

such as pBin, pCambia, pArt, pMon, and pNov vectors may be used for expression

studies; pHANNIBAL, pKANNIBAL, pHELLSGATE Gateway™ may be used for RNAi

research ; and pPopoff series may be used for inducible expression.

Vectors may conta in the following genetic elements derived from bacterial, animal, fungal ,

plant or viral sources: promoters, operators, regulatory elements, reporter and selectable

marker genes, secretory and targeting signals, flanking sequences, recombination sites,

sequences that facilitate recombination, protein purification tags, origins of replication and

conjugative transfer, binding sequences, enhancer and silencer sequences,

transcriptional terminators, transcriptional activators, transcriptional response elements,

secretory and targeting signals, ribosomal binding sites, multiple cloning sites,

polyadenylation signals, intron/exon spl ice sites, T-DNA and P-DNA border elements, and

T-DNA/P-DNA processing and transfer sequences (i.e. virD2 and T-DNA overdrive-like

elements).

Donor genetic material will be sourced from plant, animal, bacterial , fungal , viral, insect,

and synthetic sources (in sense and antisense orientation); and will be from genetic

regions involved in the biosynthesis, regulation or accumulation of secondary metabolites

associated with abiotic response.

The modifications will exclude:

• Genetic material from New Zealand native fauna and/or flora ;

• Sequences known to produce particles infectious to humans, animals or plants;

• RNAi technology that includes viral induced gene silencing ;

• Bacterial selectable marker genes that confer resistance to antibiotics that are

clinically significant in veterinary or human medicine;

• Uncharacterised nucleic acid sequences from pathogenic micro-organisms;

• Material from species covered under the relevant CITES agreements;

• Transgenes for proteins known to present a vertebrate disease or vertebrate

toxin with an LDso < 100 IJg/kg;

• Genetic material that increases the pathogenicity, virulence, or infectivity of the

host organism; and

• Those that result in the GMO having a greater ability to escape from

containment than the unmodified host organism.

Some of the molecular tools used in this project may contain human derived DNA

sequences, for example phage display libraries or inducible promoters. These molecular

tools will be sourced from overseas and will not contain DNA of Maori origin.

The modifications are Category A because these modifications are carried out under a

minimum of PC1 containment as defined in the Regulations. They do not increase the

pathogenicity, virulence or infectivity of the host organism to laboratory personnel , the

community or the environment and do not result in the GMO having a greater ability to

escape from containment than the unmodified host organism.

4

---------------------------------------------------------------- -- ------------------------------------ ------oecfsioii:-.A.F>-P"ioi1-ii

Minimum PC1

containment level required

Tissue culture plants, protoplasts and plant cell cultures (without reproductive structures and kept in closed containers)

Marchantia polymorpha (marchantia) L.

Nicotiana spp. L. and Graham Host organism Petunia spp. Juss.


Modification

Antirrhinum spp. L.

Arabidopsis thaliana Heynh.

These organisms are Category 1 host organisms because;

• they are clearly identifiable and classifiable;

• they are characterised to the extent that their main biological characteristics

are known;

• they are not normally able to (or contain infectious agents normally able to)

cause disease in humans, animals, plants or fungi;

• they do not normally infect, colonise or establish in humans; and

• they do not produce desiccation-resistant structures such as spores or cysts

that can be normally disseminated in the air; and

• they will not have reproductive structures and will be kept in closed containers.


transiently express DNA sequences in plants and/or integrate DNA sequences into the

plant genome. Transformation and genetic modification will be by Agrobacterium

mediated transformation, biolistic transformation, or transformation via other direct

transfer methods. Vectors such as pBin, pCambia, pArt, pMon, and pNov vectors may be

used for expression studies; pHANNIBAL, pKANNIBAL, pHELLSGATE Gateway™ may

be used for RNAi research; and pPopoff series may be used for inducible expression.

Vectors may contain the following genetic elements derived from bacterial, animal, fungal,







polyadenylation signals, intron/exon splice sites, T-DNA and P-DNA border elements, and


elements).

Donor genetic material will be sourced from plant, animal, bacterial, fungal, viral, insect,





• Genetic material from New Zealand native fauna and/or flora;

5

--- ------ · · · · --- ---- --- · -------- --------- -- --- --- ------- ------- ---- ------------------ ------ ---- ------ ------- oeC:isicin:-.ii.i:>P"ioi f ii



• RNAi technology that includes viral induced gene silencing;








host organism; and






The modifications are Category A because these modifications are carried out under a

minimum of PC1 containment as defined in the Regulations. They are without

reproductive structures and will be kept in closed containers. They do not increase the

pathogenicity, virulence or infectivity of the host organism to laboratory personnel, the


I escape from containment than the unmodified host organism.

Minimum PC1


Category 2 Microorganisms

Host organism


Modification

Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Smith and Townsend, 1907) Conn 1942 armed strains

Agrobacterium rhizogenes (Riker et al. 1930) Conn, 1942 armed strains

These organisms are Category 2 host organisms because they are;

• clearly identifiable and classifiable according to genus, species, strain or other

subspecific category; and

• Risk Group 2 organisms as defined in the Regulations that are or contain an

infectious agent that is pathogenic to plants.

• Risk Group 2 organisms as defined in the Regulations that are characterised to

the extent that their main biological characteristics are known. ---


generate recombinant bacteria for protein expression, gene function studies, and/or

transformation of plants (either transient or stable transformation) . Vectors such as pBin,

pCambia, pArt, pMon, and pNov vectors may be used for expression studies;

pHANNIBAL, pKANNIBAL, pHELLSGATE Gateway™ may be used for RNAi research;

and pPopoff series may be used for inducible expression.





6

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- IDeciSion:AP-Pioi1ii







elements).






• Genetic material from New Zealand native fauna and/or flora ;








toxin with an LDso < 100 ~g/kg ;


host organism; and






The modifications are Category B because these modifications are carried out under a

minimum of PC2 containment as defined in the Regulations. They involve nucleic acid

that is characterised so that its sequence is known, its gene function and potential gene

products are understood and the modifications do not increase the pathogenicity,

virulence or infectivity of the host organism to laboratory personnel, the community or the

environment and do not result in the GMO having a greater ability to escape from


Minimum PC2


Whole plants or tissue cultures (either with or without reproductive structures and kept or not kept in closed containers)

Host organism

Nicotiana spp. L. and Graham

Petunia spp. Juss.

Antirrhinum spp. L.

Arabidopsis thaliana Heynh.

7

------------------------------- --- -.- •• --.-.------ .------------- ----- ••••••• ------------ -- ------ .•••.•••• --- DEicisioii:-A.F>-P"io212i


Modification

These organisms are Category 2 host organisms because they are;



• are with or without reproductive structures and will not be kept in closed

containers.





transfer methods. Vectors such as pBin, pCambia, pArt, pMon , and pNov vectors may be











T-DNNP-DNA processing and transfer sequences (i.e. virD2 and T-DNA overdrive-like

elements).

Donor genetic material will be sourced from plant, animal, bacterial, fungal, viral , insect,













toxin with an LDso < 100 ~g/kg ;


host organism; and






8

--------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------DecTSiOri~A.F>f:iio2f2i







Minimum PC2


Marchantia polymorpha whole plants or tissue cultures (either with or without reproductive structures and kept or not kept in closed containers)

Host organism


Modification

Marchantia polymorpha (marchantia) L.

This organism is a Category 2 host organism because it is;



• a Risk Group 2 organism as defined in the Regulations that produces

desiccation-resistant structures such as spores or cysts that can be normally

disseminated in the air.

• are with or without reproductive structures and will not be kept in closed

containers.





transfer methods. Vectors such as pBin, pCambia, pArt, pMon, and pNov vectors may be












elements).








9

----- ---.----... --------------------- ------------ ------.----------- ---. --- ----- --------------------- ----- -- -becision: i>.'P-Pi 6i 1-i i










host organism; and





tools will be sourced from overseas and will not contain DNA of Maori origin .






Minimum PC2


2.4 I considered that this project represents a particular line of scientific inquiry and has clearly defined

objectives to develop microorganisms and plants, specified in Table 1, within a containment structure.

This will allow the research described above. I determined that the organism description in this

application falls within the bounds of a project for the development of GMOs. This is because it

complies with the requirements of the Regulations as described above.

3. Rapid assessment of adverse effects of the project

3.1 As I am satisfied that the host organisms and genetic modifications meet the criteria of low risk genetic

modification (as per the Regulations), as per section 42A(2) of the Act, I have made a rapid

assessment of the adverse effects of carrying out the project as follows.

3.2 I note that the GMOs would first need to escape from the containment facility into the environment to

cause non-negligible adverse effects on the environment, public health or the market economy.

However, as the GMOs will be developed within approved containment facilities which have structural

requirements and operational procedures to prevent the escape of the GMOs, I consider that it would

be highly improbable that the GMOs will escape from containment. Therefore I did not identify non

negligible adverse effects on the environment, public health or the market economy.

10

------ ---------------------------- --------------------- ---------------------------------------------------- -oeC:iSiori:P.F>'P:iai1-ii

3.3 In some cases, for this project, Plant and Food will utilise "armed" A. tumefaciens and A. rhizogenes

strains that have the tumour-causing genes of the resident Ti-plasmid intact. However, given

Agrobacteria are widespread in the New Zealand environment, the bacteria will be held in

containment, and the proposed genetic modifications do not increase virulence or confer a competitive

advantage to the bacteria , I did not identify any non-negligible environmental adverse effects

associated with using armed A. tumefaciens and A. rhizogenes strains during this project.

3.4 I did not identify non-negligible adverse effects on personnel handling the GMOs as exposure to the

GMOs is voluntary and those personnel are trained to safety handle the GMOs.

3.5 I did not identify non-negligible adverse effects on society and community as;

• the GMOs will be developed within approved containment facilities which have structural

requirements and operational procedures to prevent the escape of the GMOs; and

• the GMOs do not involve host organisms or genetic modifications that I consider will adversely

affect society and community.

3.6 I did not identify non-negligible adverse effects on Maori and their culture and traditions with their

ancestral lands, water, sites, waahi tapu, valued flora and fauna, and other taonga as;

• the GMOs will be developed within approved containment facilities which have structural

requirements and operational procedures to prevent the escape of the GMOs; and

• the host organism or genetic modifications do not involve native or valued flora and fauna.

3.7 I note that the applicant respectfully submitted the proposed application to Tanenuiarangi Manawatu

lncoroprated, the mandated iwi authority for Rangitane o Manawatu, for comment. No concerns were

raised.

4. The decision-making

4.1 I had sufficient information to assess the application as submitted by the applicant.

4.2 As per section 42A(3) of the Act, after completing a rapid assessment of adverse effects, I have

decided to approve the application and impose controls providing for each of the matters specified in

Schedule 3 as I think fit.

4.3 The matters to be addressed by containment controls for developing GMOs are listed in Part 1 of

Schedule 3 of the Act. To address these, controls must be imposed to;

• limit the likelihood of any accidental release of any organism or any viable material;

• exclude unauthorised people from the facility;

• exclude other organisms from the facility and control undesirable and unwanted organisms within

the facility;

11 • · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · -- · · · · · · ·- • • • • ·--- ·-- ·- • ·---- ---- --- · · ·-- ------- · ··- --- ----------------- ·---- · ·- · ·- ·-- ·- · · • f>'ix:TSioii: • .APP2o21-ii

• prevent the unintended release of the organisms by experimenters working with the organisms;

• control the effects of any accidental release or escape of the organisms; and

• specify inspection and monitoring requirements for the containment facilities.

4.4 I imposed the controls detailed in Table 2 to provide for the matters above and any other matters I

considered necessary to give effect to the purpose of the Act. Further, given Marchantia polymorpha

liverworts produce spores and reproduce both asexually and sexually, I imposed controls 6 and 7 to

manage the potential risk of haploid and diploid spores escaping containment.

4.5 I note that the applicant has detailed their containment regime in section 4.2 of the application (see

Appendix). I consider that the regime for the containment of the GMOs outlined in Table 1 is adequate

taking into account the controls imposed in Table 2 and the proposed containment regime in the

Appendix.

Table 2: Controls

The approval holder (The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research) must ensure compliance with the following controls.

1) This approval is limited to the development of the GMOs described in Table 1 ("approved organisms") to understand the cellular pathways that control the biosynthesis, regulation and accumulation of secondary metabolites associated with abiotic stress response in plants, and how these pathways have influenced the evolution of land plants.

2) The approved organism must not escape containment.

3) The approved organisms must be developed within a containment facility that complies with; • The MAF/ERMA New Zealand Standard : Facilities for Microorganisms and Cell

Cultures2: 2007a;

• The Australian/New Zealand Standard AS/NZS 2243.3:2002 Safety in laboratories: Part 3: Microbiological aspects and containment facilities3

;

• Physical Containment level1 (PC1) requirements of the above Standards (at minimum) for developments involving E. coli, yeast strains, B. choshinensis and disarmed Agrobacteria; and

• Physical Containment level 2 (PC2) requirements of the above Standards (at minimum) for developments involving armed Agrobacteria.

4) The approved organisms must be developed within a containment facility that complies with; • MAF/ERMA New Zealand Standard Containment Facilities for Plants: 200J4;

• The Australian/New Zealand Standard AS/NZS 2243.3:2002 Safety in laboratories: Part 3: Microbiological aspects and containment facilities5

;

2 Any reference to MAF/ERMA New Zealand or AS/NZS Standards in these controls also refers to any subsequent version approved or endorsed by the EPA. 3 Any reference to MAF/ERMA New Zealand or AS/NZS Standards in these controls also refers to any subsequent version approved or endorsed by the EPA. 4 Any reference to MAF/ERMA New Zealand or AS/NZS Standards in these controls also refers to any subsequent version approved or endorsed by the EPA.

12

------ ---.-. -· .. --- .......................... ...... ---· -· ..... -- ---------.---- ......... --- ..... -- ..... -... ··oeciiion:· .A.F>"P2ci21.2i

• Physical Containment level 1 (PC1) requirements of the above Standards (at minimum) for developments involving tissue culture plants, protoplasts or plant cell cultures kept in closed containers and without reproductive structures;

• Physical Containment level 2 (PC2) requirements of the above Standards (at minimum) for developments involving whole plants and tissue cultures kept in a closed container and with or without reproductive structures.

• Physical Containment level 2 (PC2) requirements of the above Standards (at minimum) for developments involving whole plants and tissue cultures not kept in a closed container and with or without reproductive structures.

5) The approval holder must ensure that within 24 hours of the discovery of any breach of containment (includes the escape of an organism(s) or a failure in the structural integrity of physical containment), the Ministry for Primary Industries biosecurity inspector responsible for supervision of the facility, has received notification (written or verbal)6 of the breach and the details of any remedial action taken.

6) Given asexual reproduction of Marchantia polymorpha liverworts is via gemma that form in splash cups on the thallus surface, water must not be directly applied to Marchantia polymorpha thalli.

7) Male and female Marchantia polymorpha thalli must be kept separated.

4.6 The applicant is not, in this instance, required to provide progress reports as this application does not

raise any novel issues.

4.7 I have not imposed an expiry date on this approval.

5. Summary of the decision

5.1 Application APP202127, to develop in containment GMOs (as described in Table 1 of this decision}, is

approved, with controls under section 42A(3) (as described in Table 2 of this decision). This

decision was based on the information supplied by the applicant and was considered in accordance

with section 42A of the Act, the Regulations, and the Methodology.

'~~--~=-=---------Rob Forlong -;.;--- Date :;)3 I 9-( J-f;-Chief Executive, under delegated authority from the EPA

Approval code(s): G MD \0 \s--)~- C-M 1) \o \ ~oq ) ~rv'\~ \ol ~10- ~M~ lol s---71 5 Any reference to MAF/ERMA New Zealand or AS/NZS Standards in these controls also refers to any subsequent version approved or endorsed by the EPA. 6 The biosecurity inspector's contact details can be found in the facility containment manual.

13

· · · · · · · · ·-----· · ---· · ·- ·-- ·---- ·-· · · · ·· ·-· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·- · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·--· · · ·-- ·--· · · · · · · · ·---· · · · · ·--oe<:islon: AF'fiioi fii

Appendix: Description of the proposed containment regime from the application

"• All research will be performed within Plant and Food Research's MPI-registered PC1 and PC2

containment facilities approved for micro-organism and/or plant containment.

• Modifications involving E. coli, Agrobacterium or yeast species will be carried out in facilities

approved to the MAF/ERMA Standard Facilities for Micro-organisms and Cell Cultures 2007a, and

minimum Physical Containment level 1 (for Category A modifcations), or minimum Physical

Containment level2 (for Category 8 modifications).

• Modifications involving tissue culture plants, protoplasts or plant cell cultures (kept in closed

containers and with no reproductive structures present) will be carried out in facilities approved to

the MAF/ERMA

• Standard Facilities for Plants 2007/Micro-organisms and Cell Cultures 2007a, and minimum

Physical Containment level1 (for Category A modifcations), or minimum Physical Containment

level 2 (for Category 8 modifications).

• Modifications involving tissue culture plants, protoplasts or plant cell cultures (kept in closed

containers and where reproductive structures may be present) will be carried out in facilities

approved to the MAF/ERMA Standard Facilities for Plants 2007/Micro-organisms and Cell Cultures

2007a, and minimum Physical Containment level 2.

• Developments and experiments involving whole plants or tissue cultures (either with reproductive

structures, or without reproductive structures and will not be kept in closed containers) will be

contained in facilities approved under MAF/ERMA Standard Containment Facilities for Plants 2007,

at Physical Containment level 2.Standard operating procedures are detailed in the Operating

Manual of each containment facility. These Operating Manuals have been approved by MPI, and

meet the requirements of the MAF/ERMA Standard Facilities for Micro-organisms and Cell Cultures

2007a and MAF/ERMA Standard Containment Facilities for Plants 2007).

Marchantia is a liverwort and they have characteristics that are different to seed plants that mean specific

containment measures may be required. They are present already in the New Zealand environment and

rapidly colonise bare moist ground. They reproduce both sexually and asexually. Sexual reproduction in

liverworts leads to the formation of diploid spores. Fertilisation requires male and female thalli to be in close

proximity. Asexual reproduction in liverworts is via gemma, that form in splash cups on the thallus surface.

Dispersion of gemmae out of the cups is via water drops splashing the gemmae into the immediate

surroundings.

A management plan will be developed to contain spores based on international best practice. This will

include the separation of male and female thalli , the propagation of Marchantia in closed tubs except where

14

----------------- ----- ---------------- --- -- -- - ---- ----- --- ----------------------- --- ---- ------- ---- -- -----·· oecisioii:-P.F>iiicii1-ii

specific experimental treatments are to be applied, controlled fertilisations of transgenic plants to be carried

out in vitro in the laboratory, and management of growth in the greenhouse so that no direct application of

water occurs to thalli or sporophytes_"

15

•.••.•••.•....•..............••...................... .... --...... --- - .. - ....... ... ....... . .................. Decfsioii:· .A.F>-F'26i1-2i

Organism Approval

Ogataea angusta (Teun., H. H. Hall & Wick.) Suh & Zhou 2010 GMD101558

(syn. Pichia angusta) non pathogenic, non-sporulating laboratory adapted strains

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Meyen exEC Hansen (1883) non pathogenic, GMD101559

non-sporulating laboratory adapted strains

Brevibacillus choshinensis (Takagi et al. 1993) Shida et al. 1996 non pathogenic GMD101560

laboratory strains

Agrobacterium rhizogenes (Riker et al. 1930) Conn, 1942 disarmed strains GMD101561

Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Smith and Townsend, 1907) Conn 1942 disarmed GMD101562

strains

Escherichia coli (Migula 1895) Castenellani and Chalmers 1919 non conjugative, non GMD101563

pathogenic laboratory strains

Pichia pastoris Guillerm Phaff (1956) non pathogenic, GMD101564


Schizosaccharomyces pombe Lindner 1893 non pathogenic, GMD101565


Marchantia polymorpha (marchantia) L. GMD101566

Nicotiana spp. L. and Graham GMD101567

Petunia spp. Juss. GMD101568

Antirrhinum spp. L. GMD101570

Arabidopsis tha/iana Heynh. GMD101571

Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Smith and Townsend, 1907) Conn 1942 armed strains GMD101572

Agrobacterium rhizogenes (Riker et al. 1930) Conn, 1942 armed strains GMD101573

Nicotiana spp. L. and Graham GMD101574

Petunia spp. Juss. GMD101575

Antirrhinum spp. L. GMD101576

Arabidopsis thaliana Heynh. GMD101577

Marchantia polymorpha (marchantia) L. GMD101578

Documents

Environmental Protection Authority · 7/23/2014 · and pPopoff series may be used for inducible expression. Vectors may contain the following genetic elements derived from bacterial,