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Company Address
Derek Hughes 30 March 2015Signed for BRE Global Ltd Operator Date of this Issue
30 March 2015 30 July 2016Date of First Issue Expiry Date
PO Box 9022, Industrial City of Abu Dhabi (ICAD-I), MussafahAbu Dhabi
Environmental Product Declaration000055 Issue: 01
This is to certify that this verified Environmental Product Declaration provided by:
Is in accordance with the requirements of:
EN 15804:2012+A1:2013
This declaration is for:
Non-Alloy Structural Steel (Direct Reduced Iron production route)
Emirates Steel Industries Co. PJSC (member of UK CARES)
BREG EN EPD No.:ECO EPD Ref. No.: 000162
To check the validity of this EPD please visit www.greenbooklive.com/check or contact us.
BRE Global Ltd., Garston, Watford WD25 9XX.T: +44 (0)333 32188 11 F: +44 (0)1923 664603 E: [email protected]
This verified Environmental Product Declaration is issued subject to terms and conditions (for details visit www.greenbooklive.com/terms).
BF1331ECOP Rev 0.2 Page 1 of 11 © BRE Global Ltd 2015
Demonstra on of Verifica on
CEN standard EN 15804 serves as the core PCRᵃ
Internal
Independent verification of the declaration and data according to EN ISO 14025:2010
External
Third party verifierᵇ:
Nigel Jones
a: Product category rulesb: Op onal for business-to-business communica on; mandatory for business-to-consumer communica on (see EN ISO 14025:2010, 9.4)
EPD verifica on and LCA details
LCA Consultant Verifier
UK CARES EPD ToolPE INTERNATIONAL Euston Tower – Level 33 286 Euston RoadLondon NW1 3DP
Nigel JonesBRE GlobalBucknalls LaneWatfordWD25 9XXwww.bre.co.uk
EPD Number: BREG EN EPD 000055 Date of issue: 30 March 2015 Expiry Date: 30 July 2016BF1331ECOP Rev 0.2 Page 2 of 11 © BRE Global Ltd 2015
General InformationSummaryThis environmental product declaration is for 1 tonne of Non-Alloy Structural Steel (Direct Reduced Iron production route)produced by Emirates Steel Industries Co. PJSC (member of UK CARES) at the following manufacturing facilities:
Emirates Steel Industries Co. PJSC (member of UK CARES)PO Box 9022, Industrial City of Abu Dhabi (ICAD-I), MussafahAbu Dhabi
United Arab Emirates
BRE Global, Watford, Herts, WD25 9XX, United Kingdom.This declaration is based on the BRE Environmental Profiles 2013 Product Category Rules for Type III environmental product declaration of construction products to EN 15804:2012+A1:2013.
Programme Operator
Comparability Environmental declarations from different programmes may not be comparable if not compliant with EN 15804:2012+A1:2013. Comparability is further dependent on the product category rules used and the source of the data, e.g. the database. See EN 15804:2012+A1:2013 for further guidance.
This is a Cradle to gate with options EPD. The life cycle stages included are as shown below (X = included, MND = modulenot declared):
Product ConstructionUse stage
End-of-life
Benefits and loads beyond
the system boundaryRelated to the building fabric Related to the
building A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 C1 C2 C3 C4 D
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X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Construction ProductProduct DescriptionNon-alloy Structural Steel (according to product standards listed in Sources of Additional Information) that is obtained from Direct Reduced Iron (DRI), melted in an Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) followed by hot rolling.
The declared unit is 1 tonne of non-alloy structural steel forms as used in a built structure.
EPD Number: BREG EN EPD 000055 Date of issue: 30 March 2015 Expiry Date: 30 July 2016BF1331ECOP Rev 0.2 Page 3 of 11 © BRE Global Ltd 2015
Manufacturing ProcessDirect reduced iron (DRI) is produced as a first step from imported iron ore pellets. DRI is then melted in an arc furnace to obtain liquid metal. This is then refined to remove impurities and alloying additions can be added to give the required properties of the steel.
Hot metal (molten steel) from the EAF is then cast into steel billets before being sent to the rolling mill where they are rolled and shaped to the required forms for structural steel.
Technical InformationProperty Value UnitProduc on route - EAF
Density 7850 Kg/m3
Weldability (As per EN 10025-2:2004 S275JR and S355JR) (max, basedon size)
0.40 to 0.44 for S275JRand 0.45 to 0.49 for
S355JR CeQ
Yield strength (As per EN 10025-2:2004 S275JR and S355JR) (min,based on size)
205 to 275 for S275JRand 275 to 355 for
S355JR N/mm2
Tensile strength (As per EN 10025-2:2004 S275JR and S355JR) (min,based on size)
380 to 580 for S275JRand 450 to 680 for
S355JR N/mm2
Elonga on (As per EN 10025-2:2004 S275JR and S355JR) (min, basedon size)
15 to 23 for S275JR and14 to 22 for S355JR %
Recycled content 0 %
Product ContentsMaterial/Chemical Input %Fe 97
C, Mn, Si, V, Ni, Cu, Cr, Mo and others 3
EPD Number: BREG EN EPD 000055 Date of issue: 30 March 2015 Expiry Date: 30 July 2016BF1331ECOP Rev 0.2 Page 4 of 11 © BRE Global Ltd 2015
Construction Installation Processing and proper use of structural steel products depends on the application and should be made in accordance with generally accepted practices, standards and manufacturers recommendations.
During transport and storage of structural steel products the usual requirements for securing loads is to be observed.
Use Information The composition of the structural steel products does not change during use.
Structural steel products do not cause adverse health effects under normal conditions of use.
No risks to the environment and living organisms are known to result from the mechanical destruction of the structural steel product itself.
Reference Service Life Structural steel products are an intrinsic part of the built structure so the reference service life will equal the lifetime of the built structure.
The process flow diagram is shown below:
EPD Number: BREG EN EPD 000055 Date of issue: 30 March 2015 Expiry Date: 30 July 2016BF1331ECOP Rev 0.2 Page 5 of 11 © BRE Global Ltd 2015
Structural steel products are not reused at end of life but can be recycled to the same (or higher/lower) quality of steel depending upon the metallurgy and processing of the recycling route.
It is a high value resource so efforts are made to recycle steel scrap rather than disposing of it at EoL. A recycling rate of 92% is typical for structural steel products.
Disposal results in minimal environmental impacts due to the inert nature of the material.
End of Life
Declared / Functional unit The declared unit is 1 tonne of non-alloy structural steel product manufactured by the direct reduced iron (DRI) production route as used in a built structure (i.e. 1 tonne in use, accounting for losses during fabrication and installation, not 1 tonne as produced).
Data sources, quality and allocation Data Sources: Production data has been supplied by Emirates Steel Industries Co. PJSC (member of UK CARES).
Data Quality: Data quality can be described as good. Background data are consistently sourced from PE databases. The primary data collection was thorough, considering all relevant flows and these data have been verified by UK CARES.
Allocation: DRI & HBI Fines are produced as co-products from the DRI manufacturing process. These co-products are internally recycled. EAF slag and mill scale are produced as a co-products from the steel manufacturing process. Impacts are allocated between the steel, the slag and the mill scale based on economic allocations.
Production losses of steel during the production process are recycled in a closed loop offsetting the requirement for external scrap. Specific information on allocation within the background data is given in the GaBi datasets documentation (/GaBi 6 2012/).
Cut-off criteria On the input side all flows entering the system and comprising more than 1% in total mass or contributing more than 1% to primary energy consumption are considered. All inputs used as well as all process-specific waste and process emissions were assessed. For this reason material streams which were below 1% (by mass) were captured as well. In this manner the cut-off criteria according to the BRE guidelines are fulfilled.
Life Cycle Assessment Calculation Rules
System boundary The system boundary of the EPD follows the modular design defined by EN 15804. This is a cradle to gate – with all options EPD and thus covers all modules from A1 to C4 and includes module D as well.
Impacts and aspects related to losses/wastage (i.e. production, transport and waste processing and end-of-life stage of lost waste products and materials) are considered in the modules in which the losses/wastage occur.
EPD Number: BREG EN EPD 000055 Date of issue: 30 March 2015 Expiry Date: 30 July 2016BF1331ECOP Rev 0.2 Page 6 of 11 © BRE Global Ltd 2015
LCA Results
(INA = Indicator not assessed, AGG = Aggregated, NA = Not Applicable)
Indicator Unit
A1 A2 A3 A1-A3 A4 A5 B1 B2 B3
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Environmental impacts per declared/functional unitGWP kg CO₂ eq. AGG AGG AGG 2940 16.2 316 0.00 0.00 0.00ODP kg CFC 11 eq. AGG AGG AGG 5.24E-07 7.76E-11 5.22E-08 0.00 0.00 0.00AP kg SO₂ eq. AGG AGG AGG 14.3 0.0438 1.44 0.00 0.00 0.00EP kg (PO₄)³⁻ eq. AGG AGG AGG 1.56 0.00898 0.159 0.00 0.00 0.00
POCP kg C₂H₄ eq. AGG AGG AGG 1.07 -0.0111 0.102 0.00 0.00 0.00ADPE kg Sb eq. AGG AGG AGG 0.000479 6.11E-07 5.34E-05 0.00 0.00 0.00ADPF MJ eq. AGG AGG AGG 41800 224 4360 0.00 0.00 0.00
GWP = Global Warming Potential (Climate Change); ODP = Ozone Depletion Potential; AP = Acidification Potential for Soil and Water; EP = Eutrophication Potential; POCP = Photochemical Ozone Creation; ADPE = Abiotic Depletion Potential – Elements; ADPF = Abiotic Depletion Potential – Fossil Fuels
Resource use
HWD = Hazardous waste disposed; NHWD = Non-hazardous waste disposed; TRWD = Total Radioactive waste disposed; RWDHL = Radioactive waste disposed (high-level nuclear waste)
Other output flowsCRU kg AGG AGG AGG 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00MFR kg AGG AGG AGG 92.9 0.00 120 0.00 0.00 0.00MER kg AGG AGG AGG 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00EE MJ AGG AGG AGG 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
PERE MJ AGG AGG AGG 1140 8.81 153 0.00 0.00 0.00PERM MJ AGG AGG AGG 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00PERT MJ AGG AGG AGG 1140 8.81 153 0.00 0.00 0.00
PENRE MJ AGG AGG AGG 42100 224 4390 0.00 0.00 0.00PENRM MJ AGG AGG AGG 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00PENRT MJ AGG AGG AGG 42100 224 4390 0.00 0.00 0.00
SM kg AGG AGG AGG 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00RSF MJ AGG AGG AGG 1.05 0.00144 0.149 0.00 0.00 0.00
NRSF MJ AGG AGG AGG 10.8 0.0151 1.52 0.00 0.00 0.00FW m³ AGG AGG AGG 7240 6.22 728 0.00 0.00 0.00
PERE = Use of renewable primary energy excluding renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PERM = Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PERT = Total use of renewable primary energy resources; PENRE = Use of non-renewable primary energy excluding non-renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PENRM = Use of non-renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PENRT = Total use of non-renewable primary energy resources; SM = Use of secondary material; RSF = Use of renewable secondary fuels; NRSF = Use of non-renewable secondary fuels; FW = Net use of fresh water
Waste to disposalHWD kg AGG AGG AGG 0.784 0.000511 0.0809 0.00 0.00 0.00
NHWD kg AGG AGG AGG 79.5 0.0282 17.7 0.00 0.00 0.00TRWD kg AGG AGG AGG 0.114 0.000294 0.0124 0.00 0.00 0.00
RWDHL kg AGG AGG AGG 0.000145 4.19E-07 1.58E-05 0.00 0.00 0.00
CRU = Components for reuse; MFR = Materials for recycling; MER = Materials for energy recovery; EE = Export energy
EPD Number: BREG EN EPD 000055 Date of issue: 30 March 2015 Expiry Date: 30 July 2016BF1331ECOP Rev 0.2 Page 7 of 11 © BRE Global Ltd 2015
HWD kg 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.20E-05 0.0012 0.00 0.000669 1.34NHWD kg 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00331 0.0646 0.00 80.1 -27.9TRWD kg 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.42E-05 0.000704 0.00 0.00026 0.462
RWDHL kg 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.95E-08 1.01E-06 0.00 3.28E-07 0.00058
GWP = Global Warming Potential (Climate Change); ODP = Ozone Depletion Potential; AP = Acidification Potential for Soil and Water; EP = Eutrophication Potential; POCP = Photochemical Ozone Creation; ADPE = Abiotic Depletion Potential – Elements; ADPF = Abiotic Depletion Potential – Fossil Fuels
Resource use
GWP kg CO₂ eq. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.04 39.1 0.00 1.08 -1950ODP kg CFC 11 eq. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.08E-12 1.85E-10 0.00 1.47E-11 1.40E-08AP kg SO₂ eq. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00435 0.136 0.00 0.00689 -7.46EP kg (PO₄)³⁻ eq. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000507 0.0294 0.00 0.000945 -0.62
POCP kg C₂H₄ eq. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000419 -0.0324 0.00 0.00066 -1.12ADPE kg Sb eq. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.98E-08 1.45E-06 0.00 4.08E-07 -3.86E-05ADPF MJ eq. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 28.4 539 0.00 14.2 -18100
Indicator Unit
B4 B5 B6 B7 C1 C2 C3 C4 D
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Environmental impacts per declared/functional unit
(INA = Indicator not assessed, AGG = Aggregated, NA = Not Applicable)
LCA Results (continued)
PERE MJ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.051 20.2 0.00 1.23 364PERM MJ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00PERT MJ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.051 20.2 0.00 1.23 364
PENRE MJ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 28.5 541 0.00 14.9 -17000PENRM MJ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00PENRT MJ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 28.5 541 0.00 14.9 -17000
SM kg 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00RSF MJ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000242 0.00346 0.00 0.0267 24.00
NRSF MJ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00254 0.0362 0.00 0.0576 252FW m³ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.21 14.4 0.00 -56.8 -1010
PERE = Use of renewable primary energy excluding renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PERM = Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PERT = Total use of renewable primary energy resources; PENRE = Use of non-renewable primary energy excluding non-renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PENRM = Use of non-renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PENRT = Total use of non-renewable primary energy resources; SM = Use of secondary material; RSF = Use of renewable secondary fuels; NRSF = Use of non-renewable secondary fuels; FW = Net use of fresh water
Waste to disposal
HWD = Hazardous waste disposed; NHWD = Non-hazardous waste disposed; TRWD = Total Radioactive waste disposed; RWDHL = Radioactive waste disposed (high-level nuclear waste)
Other output flowsCRU kg 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00MFR kg 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 920 0.00 0.00MER kg 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00EE MJ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
CRU = Components for reuse; MFR = Materials for recycling; MER = Materials for energy recovery; EE = Export energy
EPD Number: BREG EN EPD 000055 Date of issue: 30 March 2015 Expiry Date: 30 July 2016BF1331ECOP Rev 0.2 Page 8 of 11 © BRE Global Ltd 2015
Scenarios and Additional Technical Information
Module B2 - MaintenanceParameter Description Unit Value
Maintenance process description or source of information No maintenance required - -
Module B3 - RepairParameter Description Unit Value
Repair process description or source of information No repair process required - -
Module B5 - RefurbishmentParameter Description Unit Value
Refurbishment process description or source of information
No refurbishment process required - -
End-of-life modules – C1, C3, and C4Parameter Description Unit Value
Waste for recycling Recovered steel from crushed concrete % 92
Waste for energy recovery Energy recovery is not considered for this study as most end of life steel scrap is recycled, while the remainder is landfilled
- -
Waste for final disposal Unrecoverable steel lost in crushed concrete and sent to landfill % 8
Other assumptions for scenario development, e.g, transportation
Portion of energy assigned to structural steel from energy required to demolish building, per tonne
MJ 24
Module A4 – Transport to the building site
Vehicle Type Fuel Consumption (L/km)
Distance (km)
Capacity Utilisation
(%)
Density OfProduct(kg/m³)
Truck trailer 1.56 350 85 7850
Module B6 – Use of energy; and Module B7 – use of waterParameter Description Unit Value
Other assumptions for scenario development, e.g., frequence of use, number of occupants
No use phase requirements of either water or energy required - -
Module A5 - Installa on in the buildingParameter Description Unit Value
Ancillary materials for installation Waste material from fabrication, losses per tonne of construction steel forms % 2
Energy Use Energy per tonne required to fabricate construction steel forms kWh 15.34
Waste materials from installation wastage Waste material from installation % 10
Module B4 – ReplacementParameter Description Unit Value
Replacement cycle No replacement considerations required - -
EPD Number: BREG EN EPD 000055 Date of issue: 30 March 2015 Expiry Date: 30 July 2016BF1331ECOP Rev 0.2 Page 9 of 11 © BRE Global Ltd 2015
InterpretationDRI-based non-alloy structural steel of Emirates Steel Industries Co. PJSC (member of UK CARES) is made via the EAF route. The bulk of the environmental impacts and primary energy demand is attributed to the manufacturing phase, covered by information modules A1-A3 of EN 15804. For GWP for instance, A1-A3 impacts account for 88.70% overall life cycle impacts for this category.
Module D – Reuse/Recovery/Recycling PotentialIt is assumed that 92% of the steel used in the structure is recovered for recycling, while the remainder is landfilled. “Benefits and loads beyond the system boundary” (module D) accounts for the environmental benefits and loads resulting from net steel scrap that is used as raw material in the EAF and that is collected for recycling at end of life. The resulting scrap credit/burden is calculated based on the global “value of scrap” approach (/worldsteel 2011).
Module C2 – Transport to waste processing
Vehicle Type Fuel Consumption (L/km)
Distance (km)
Capacity Utilisation
(%)
Density OfProduct(kg/m³)
Truck 1.56 463 85 7850Container ship 0.00401 158 50 7850
Figure 1
Sources of additional information
EPD Number: BREG EN EPD 000055 Date of issue: 30 March 2015 Expiry Date: 30 July 2016BF1331ECOP Rev 0.2 Page 10 of 11 © BRE Global Ltd 2015
BRE Global. BRE Environmental Profiles 2013: Product Category Rules for Type III environmental product declaration of construction products to EN 15804:2012+A1:2013. PN 514. Watford, BRE, 2014.
BSI. Sustainability of construction works – Environmental product declarations – Core rules for the product category of construction products. BS EN 15804:2012+A1:2013. London, BSI, 2013.
BSI. Environmental labels and declarations – Type III Environmental declarations – Principles and procedures. BS EN ISO 14025:2010 (exactly identical to ISO 14025:2006). London, BSI, 2010.
BSI. Environmental management – Life cycle assessment – Principles and framework. BS EN ISO 14040:2006. London, BSI, 2006.
BSI. Environmental management – Life cycle assessment – requirements and guidelines. BS EN ISO 14044:2006. London, BSI, 2006.
Demolition Energy Analysis of Office Building Structural Systems, Athena Sustainable Materials Institute, 1997.
PE INTERNATIONAL AG; GaBi 6: Software-System and Database for Life Cycle Engineering. Copyright, TM. Stuttgart, Echterdingen, 1992-2013.GaBi 6: Documentation of GaBi 6: Software-System and Database for Life Cycle Engineering. Copyright, TM. Stuttgart, Echterdingen, 1992-2013. http://documentation.gabi-software.com/International Energy Agency, Energy Statistics 2013. http://www.iea.org
Kreißig, J. und J. Kuemmel (1999): Baustoff-Oekobilanzen. Wirkungsabschaftzung und Auswertung in der Steine-Erden-Industrie. Hrsg. Bundesverband Baustoffe Steine + Erden e.V.London Metal Exchange, Steel Billet Prices, March 2014. https://www.lme.com/metals/steel-billet/
U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries, Iron and Steel Slag, January 2006
Sustainability of construction works – Environmental product declarations – Methodology for selection and use of generic data; German version CEN/TR 15941REGULATION (EU) No 305/2011 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 9 March 2011 laying down harmonised conditions for the marketing of construction products and repealing Council Directive 89/106/EEC.CARES SCS (Sustainable Constructional Steel) Scheme. Appendix 5 - Operational assessment schedule for the sustainable production of structural steel products.CARES CPR (Construction Products Regulation) Scheme - http://www.ukcares.com/approved-companies - Certificate number of conformance to EN10025-2 at the time of LCA study – 1244-CPR-1026EN 10025-2:2004 - Hot rolled products of structural steels - Part 2: Technical delivery conditions for non-alloy structural steels.BS4-1:2005 - Structural steel sections. Specification for hot-rolled sections.
ASTM A6 / A6M – 14 - Standard Specification for General Requirements for Rolled Structural Steel Bars, Plates, Shapes, and Sheet Piling.ASTM A36 / A36M - 03 Standard Specification for Carbon Structural Steel.
EPD Number: BREG EN EPD 000055 Date of issue: 30 March 2015 Expiry Date: 30 July 2016BF1331ECOP Rev 0.2 Page 11 of 11 © BRE Global Ltd 2015