Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
This document consists of 23 printed pages and 1 blank page.
SPA (CW/CGW) S90852/3© UCLES 2005 [Turn over
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONSGeneral Certificate of Education Ordinary Level
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 5014/01
Paper 1October/November 2005
2 hours 15 minutesCandidates answer on the Question Paper.Additional Materials: Ruler (cm/mm)
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.Write in dark blue or black pen in the spaces provided on the Question Paper.You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
Answer all questions.The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.All questions in Section A carry 10 marks.Both questions in Section B carry 40 marks.
Centre Number Candidate Number Name
If you have been given a label, look at thedetails. If any details are incorrect ormissing, please fill in your correct detailsin the space given at the top of this page.
Stick your personal label here, ifprovided.
FOR EXAMINER’S USE
1
2
3
4
5
6
TOTAL
2
5014/01/O/N/05
Section A
1 (a) The diagram shows a wind turbine.
(i) What is shown by the arrows lettered A? ................................................... [1]
(ii) What is the output from the transformer? ................................................... [1]
(b) The map shows where it is planned to build new wind turbines in the U.K.
English Channel
Km
0 100
IrishSea
A
B
CN
N
E
Key:planned wind turbineareas for furtherdevelopment
S
W
NorthSea
transformer
output
support structure
up to100 m
cable
A
A
A
ground level
ForExaminer’s
Use
© UCLES 2005
3
5014/01/O/N/05 [Turn over
(i) Describe the location of the wind turbines.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[3]
(ii) Local people often disagree with energy providers about where wind turbinesshould be located. Why?
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[3]
(c) Why are some countries reducing their production of nuclear power?
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[2]
ForExaminer’s
Use
© UCLES 2005
4
5014/01/O/N/05
2 (a) The graphs show information about world fish catches.
(i) By approximately how much did the total weight of fish caught increase between1950 and its peak in 1989?
...................... million tonnes [1]
(ii) Compare the general trend in total weight of fish caught with the average catch perperson between 1970 and 1985.
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[1]
0
10
5
15
20
25
Kg
0
10
5
15
20
25
Kg
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000year
averageworld fishcatch perperson
B
0
30
60
90
120
0
30
60
90
120
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000year
total weight offish caught
milliontonnes
milliontonnesA
ForExaminer’s
Use
© UCLES 2005
5
5014/01/O/N/05 [Turn over
(iii) Why should the trend shown by graph B after 1990 be a cause for concern?
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[1]
(b) (i) Describe measures being used to try to conserve and increase marine fish stocks.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[4]
(ii) Suggest why attempts to conserve marine fish stocks are not always successful.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[3]
ForExaminer’s
Use
© UCLES 2005
6
5014/01/O/N/05
3 (a) The climate graph is for a Tropical savanna area in the northern hemisphere.
(i) Complete the graph to show the rainfall of 210 mm in August. [1]
(ii) Describe the rainfall distribution at this weather station.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[2]
(b) The savanna vegetation in the area is grassland with scattered trees.
(i) How and why does the grass change during a year?
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[2]
(ii) State one way in which the trees are adapted to survive between October andApril.
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[1]
0J
Rainfall mm Rainfall mm
F M A M J J A S O N D
50
100
150
200
25
30
35
0
50
100
150
200
25
30
35
Temperature°C
Temperature°C
ForExaminer’s
Use
© UCLES 2005
7
5014/01/O/N/05 [Turn over
(c) Some areas of Tropical savanna grassland are used by nomadic pastoralists. Suggesthow and why their way of life could damage the vegetation and soils in the areas theyuse.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[4]
4 (a) The diagram shows the carbon cycle.
(i) Where does the carbon in plants come from?
...............................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) Name the process shown by the arrow labelled X. ...............................................[1]
(iii) With the help of the diagram, explain how carbon dioxide is transferred to theatmosphere by human activity.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[2]
coal, oiland gas
gradual production offossil fuels
carbon dioxide inatmosphere
X
ForExaminer’s
Use
© UCLES 2005
8
5014/01/O/N/05
(b) (i) Strategies are being used to reduce the rate at which carbon dioxide levels in theatmosphere are rising. Describe two of these strategies.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[2]
(ii) Suggest why some governments do not support international attempts to reducecarbon dioxide emissions.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[4]
ForExaminer’s
Use
© UCLES 2005
9
5014/01/O/N/05 [Turn over
Section B
5 Composition of the lower atmosphere
1 Nitrogen 78.0%
2 Oxygen 20.9%
3 Argon (an inert gas) 0.9%
4 Small and variable amounts of water vapour and carbon dioxide
5 Solid particles – dust, smoke and salt crystals0.2%
(a) (i) Complete the divided bar graph and key to show the composition of the loweratmosphere.
[3]
(ii) Which gas is present in the atmosphere as a result of evaporation?
...............................................................................................................................[1]
(iii) Choose one of the solid particles in the atmosphere.Name a source for this type of particle. State where its concentration in theatmosphere is likely to be greater than average.
Source ......................................................................................................................
Greater concentration ...............................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[2]
(iv) Amounts of carbon dioxide and water vapour in the atmosphere are small, but theyare very important. Explain why.
Carbon dioxide
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Atmosphere (%)
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Others
Key:
ForExaminer’s
Use
© UCLES 2005
10
5014/01/O/N/05
Water vapour
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[4]
(b) More information about the Earth’s atmosphere is given below.
(i) How much thicker is the lower atmosphere at the Equator than at the Poles?
...............................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) Where is the ozone layer found?
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[1]
00° 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90°
10000
20000
17000
30000
0
10000
20000
30000
° Latitude
Hei
ght (
met
res)
Hei
ght (
met
res)
Ozonelayer
Stratosphere
Tropopause
Troposphere –(Lower atmosphere)
Lowest anddensest partof theatmosphere
CumulusCumulusnimbusnimbuscloudsclouds
Cumulo- nimbusclouds
97% ofatmosphere
below this level
8000
ForExaminer’s
Use
© UCLES 2005
11
5014/01/O/N/05 [Turn over
(iii) Explain why the ozone layer is important to life on Earth.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[2]
(c) (i) What is meant by the ‘ozone hole’?
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
(ii) Why are international strategies needed to reduce the pollution that has caused thehole in the ozone layer?
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[4]
ForExaminer’s
Use
© UCLES 2005
12
5014/01/O/N/05
(d) Motor vehicles are a major cause of atmospheric pollution, especially in big cities.
Traffic pollution
Total emissions from traffic in one large city during one year (tonnes)
Emission Tonnes per year
A Carbon dioxide 2800000
B Carbon monoxide 641000
C Nitrogen oxides 112000
D Black smoke and soot particles 19000
E Sulphur dioxide 6000
Complete the graph below. [2]
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
100000
110000
120000
A B C D E
Tonn
es p
er y
ear
Emission
2800000
641000
ForExaminer’s
Use
© UCLES 2005
13
5014/01/O/N/05 [Turn over
(e) The sketch below shows some of the effects of these emissions.
Traffic pollution
(i) Name the two emissions that cause acid rain.
...............................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) Describe the evidence from the sketch which shows that traffic pollution damagespeoples’ health.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[2]
(iii) Which one of the emissions shown is not usually a danger to health? Explain youranswer.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[2]
ForExaminer’s
Use
© UCLES 2005
14
5014/01/O/N/05
(f) Look again at the graph in part (d) and the sketch in part (e).In your view, which one of the five emissions is the worst for
(i) people living in large cities
emission ..........................................
(ii) people living elsewhere in the world?
emission .......................................... [1]
(iii) Explain your choices.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[3]
ForExaminer’s
Use
© UCLES 2005
15
5014/01/O/N/05 [Turn over
(g) Some of the world’s big cities are known for high levels of air pollution. Many havelocations and weather conditions similar to those shown on the diagram below.
Location and weather conditions that favour air pollution
(i) Choose three features shown on the diagram. Explain how each increases thechances of high levels of air pollution in big cities.
1 ................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[4]
ForExaminer’s
Use
© UCLES 2005
18°C
20°C
22°C
18°C
20°C
25°C
City
Change in airtemperature with
height
Coastalrange
Mountainrange
Mainwinddirection
High pressure
StrongStrongsunlightsunlightStrongsunlight
SinkingSinkingairair
Sinkingair
16
5014/01/O/N/05
(ii) Describe two strategies for reducing air pollution in large cities.
1 ................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[2]
(iii) Why is it difficult to reduce levels of air pollution in large cities? Explain as fully asyou can.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[5]
[Total: 40]
ForExaminer’s
Use
© UCLES 2005
17
5014/01/O/N/05 [Turn over
6 (a) Look at the world map showing total fertility rates.Total fertility rate is the number of children for each woman.
World total fertility rates
(i) Where are most of the countries with high fertility rates (5.5 and above) located?
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[2]
(ii) The North-South divide, which is the line that separates developed and developingcountries, is marked on the map.State the main difference in fertility rates shown between the developed North anddeveloping South.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[2]
ForExaminer’s
Use
© UCLES 2005
NORTH
SOUTH
N
Key:
7.0 – 8.5
5.5 – 6.9
4.0 – 5.4
2.5 – 3.9
Less than 2.5
North-South divide
Total fertility rate
Tropic of Capricorn
Equator
Tropic of Cancer
18
5014/01/O/N/05
(iii) Explain why fertility rates are very high in some countries and low in others.Refer to named countries in your answer.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[5]
ForExaminer’s
Use
© UCLES 2005
19
5014/01/O/N/05 [Turn over
(b) Look at the graph below which shows the results of world urbanisation.
Urban population in developed and developing countries
(i) Describe what the graph shows about changes in urban population in developedcountries.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[2]
(ii) The graph shows that a major change occurred in 1975. What was it?
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[1]
(iii) Describe what the graph shows about expected urban population in developingcountries from 2005 onwards.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[2]
Year
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
Urb
an p
opul
atio
n (m
illio
ns)
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Expected
Key:
Developedcountries
Developingcountries
ForExaminer’s
Use
© UCLES 2005
20
5014/01/O/N/05
(c) One of the causes of urban growth is rural to urban migration.Look at the examples below of differences between rural and urban areas in the year2000.
(i) State an economic reason why people migrate from rural areas to Cairo.
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) In both countries people living in urban areas are likely to be more healthy thanthose living in rural areas.Using evidence from the table above, describe and explain this.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[4]
Average income per year (£ Egyptian)
Infant mortality rate (per 1000)
3500
50
2400
Cairo(capital city) Rural areas
68
Egypt
People with access to safe supplies ofdrinking water (%)
People with access to improved sanitation (%)
95
84
53
Urban areas Rural areas
43
Brazil
ForExaminer’s
Use
© UCLES 2005
21
5014/01/O/N/05 [Turn over
(d) Many new migrants into cities in developing countries live in housing similar to thatshown in sketch A below.
Sketch A
Describe how sketch A shows that people living here are
(i) newcomers to the city;
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
(ii) short of money.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[3]
(iii) This type of housing is found most often around the edges of cities. Why?
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[1]
(iv) Describe one problem resulting from a location around the edge of a big city.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[2]
ForExaminer’s
Use
© UCLES 2005
22
5014/01/O/N/05
(e) Sketch B shows housing in an area where people have lived for more than twenty yearssince migrating from rural areas.
Sketch B
(i) What improvements can be seen compared with the housing on sketch A?
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[2]
(ii) State two reasons why improvements like these are made.
1 ................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[4]
ForExaminer’s
Use
© UCLES 2005
23
5014/01/O/N/05
(f) Housing is only one of the many urban problems caused by rural to urban migration.Some people believe that it would be better to improve farming in rural areas andreduce the numbers wanting to migrate to the cities.
New agricultural techniques to increase output
• A Irrigation
• B New seeds (e.g. the Green Revolution)
(i) Choose one of these new agricultural techniques and name an area where it isused by farmers.
Technique ................................................Area......................................................[1]
(ii) Explain how it has increased output in the area named.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[3]
(iii) Is it ever going to be possible to reduce the numbers of people migrating from ruralto urban areas in developing countries? Explain your views about this.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................[5]
[Total: 40]
[Total for paper: 120]
ForExaminer’s
Use
© UCLES 2005
24
5014/01/O/N/05
BLANK PAGE
Copyright Acknowledgements:
Question 1 (b) © Telegraph Group Limited 15/07/03.
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Everyreasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, thepublisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department ofthe University of Cambridge.
![CCEA Draft GCE Specification in [Subject] · 2018-01-18 · GCE CCEA GCE Specification in Environmental Technology For first teaching from September 2016 For first award of AS level](https://img.dokumen.tips/doc/110x75/5f4f881f59724c51ed4e9bed/ccea-draft-gce-specification-in-subject-2018-01-18-gce-ccea-gce-specification.jpg)
