Upload
george-t-cherian
View
217
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
7/27/2019 Environmental Issues- Infrastructure Development
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/environmental-issues-infrastructure-development 1/19
INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPM
&
RESETTLEMENT ISSUES ~ IN
CHIRANJEET GANGULY, DAVID SOLOMON, GEORGE T
7/27/2019 Environmental Issues- Infrastructure Development
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/environmental-issues-infrastructure-development 2/19
“The millions of displaced people do not exist anymore. When history is written they would
not be in it, not even as statistics. Some of them have subsequently been displaced three
and four times. True, they are not being annihilated or taken to gas chambers, but I can
warrant that the quality of their accommodation is worse than in any concentration camp
of the Third Reich. They are not captive, but they re-define the meaning of liberty and still
the nightmare does not end. They continue to be uprooted even from their hellish hovels by
government bulldozers. The millions of displaced people in India are nothing but refugees
of an unacknowledged war.” – Arundhati Roy, The Greater Common Good
7/27/2019 Environmental Issues- Infrastructure Development
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/environmental-issues-infrastructure-development 3/19
DEVELOPMENT INDUCED DISPLACEMENT &
RESETTLEMENT
• Forcing of individuals and communities out of their homes for the purpose of economic devel
• CAUSES: Construction of Dams for Hydroelectric Power & Irrigation facilities, Mining, Infrastru
development – Airports, Military installations, Industrial Plants, Weapon Testing grounds, Railw
development, Urbanization.
• TARGET SEGMENT: Multiple level affected, from Tribal & Village communities to developed Ur
• MAJOR ISSUES: Lack of rehabilitation policies, Improper grievance redressal systems, Lack of s
improve livelihood
7/27/2019 Environmental Issues- Infrastructure Development
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/environmental-issues-infrastructure-development 4/19
DISPLACEMENT: A SOCIAL CONCERN FO
INDIA
• Displacement of 10 million per year globally through Industrial Development projects, Infrastr
Development, Dams, Highways, Ports, Power Projects, Urban improvements etc.
• In the last 5 decades, 50 million people in India have been displaced – majorly tribal and rural
• RISKS FACED DUE TO DISPLACEMENT: Impoverishment risks including Landlessness, Joblessne
Marginalization, Food Insecurity, Loss of access to common property & Social disarticulation.
• Dismantling of production systems, Scattering of kinship groups, Disorganization of informal s
Disruption of Trade and Market links, Desecration of ancestral sacred zones and Loss of cultur
to physiological stress and psychological trauma.
7/27/2019 Environmental Issues- Infrastructure Development
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/environmental-issues-infrastructure-development 5/19
RISKS TO RESETTLEMENT & REHABILITA
• Economic Risks: Loss of livelihood, Loss of income sources like arable land, Loss of common pr
resources like forests, grazing land, fisheries
• Decline in living standards leading to marginalization
• Loss of livelihood and agricultural activity disruption - Household food security risks leading to
nourishment
• Increased morbidity and mortality rates.
• Identity loss of tribals - Breakup of families, Erosion of intercommunity marriages, ignorance
character
• Institutional weaknesses, absence of policy and legal instruments leading to loss of livelihood
7/27/2019 Environmental Issues- Infrastructure Development
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/environmental-issues-infrastructure-development 6/19
CRITICAL AREAS OF CONCERN:
• Social Costs
• Lack of basic amenities
• Decline in role of women and relationship in family
• Problems due to cash compensation
7/27/2019 Environmental Issues- Infrastructure Development
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/environmental-issues-infrastructure-development 7/19
7/27/2019 Environmental Issues- Infrastructure Development
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/environmental-issues-infrastructure-development 8/19
7/27/2019 Environmental Issues- Infrastructure Development
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/environmental-issues-infrastructure-development 9/19
7/27/2019 Environmental Issues- Infrastructure Development
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/environmental-issues-infrastructure-development 10/19
REHABILITATION & DEVELOPMENT: WAYS
TACKLE
Reconstruction Model of Rehabilitation marked by:
• Landlessness to land-based resettlement;
• Joblessness to re-employment;
• Food insecurity to safe nutrition.
• Increased morbidity and mortality to improved health and well-being
• Social disarticulation and deprivation of common property resources to community reconstru
inclusion
7/27/2019 Environmental Issues- Infrastructure Development
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/environmental-issues-infrastructure-development 11/19
RESETTLEMENT PLAN:
• Planned and implemented as a development project for a minimum of 2 generations
• Provision of new rights, resources and strategies on top of protective measures implemented
• Sustainable improvement in terms of quality of life of majority of relocatees, particularly of th
marginalized
• Cumulative empowerment of relocatees - Effective participation in decision making process, G
control over day to day affairs
7/27/2019 Environmental Issues- Infrastructure Development
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/environmental-issues-infrastructure-development 12/19
Resettlement and Rehabilitation ~ Mumbai
7/27/2019 Environmental Issues- Infrastructure Development
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/environmental-issues-infrastructure-development 13/19
• Present Scenario of Housing: 55% live in slums, 65 Lakh people don’t have shelter, 12 Lakh ho
• Infrastructure projects by GoM: Mumbai Urban Transport Project, Metro Rail, Western Freewa
Mumbai Urban Infrastructure Project, Mumbai Trans Harbour Link
• Impact of Infrastructural Development: Displacement of 58,000 slum families with 3,50,000 p
slums surround the airport who require immediate rehabilitation
• Resettlement & Rehabilitation: 23,000 PAH’s resettled under MUTP, 35,000 PAH’s under MUIP,
under Airport Slum Rehabilitation
TENEMENTS CONSTRUCTED AT DIFFEREN
7/27/2019 Environmental Issues- Infrastructure Development
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/environmental-issues-infrastructure-development 14/19
MUTPOption A: Majas, Ajgaonkar Plot, Nirlon & NSE, Kanjurmarg, Ghatkopar, Powai
LocationsProject
5,
Option B: Mahul , Anik –
Runwal, Anik –
Rockline, Mankhurd –
S.V.Patel
Option C :Kokari Agar, Dharavi, Antop Hill, Mankhurd
MUIP
Anik (Chembur), Dahisar, Tunga Village SRA
No. of ten
TENEMENTS CONSTRUCTED AT DIFFERENLOCATIONS
4,2
3
12,3
Goregoan, ODC. Majas,Poonamnagar, Kanjurmarg (W), Kanjurmarg (E),
Bhandup (W). Anik (Chembur), Anik (Bhakti park), Anik(Mahul), Mankhurd,
Borla, Shivaji Nagar, Chembur
27
Project Requirement Already shifted Yet to be shifted
MUTP 22, 829 18,000 4,829
MUIP 35, 000 26,000 9,000
Total 57, 829 44,000 13,829
7/27/2019 Environmental Issues- Infrastructure Development
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/environmental-issues-infrastructure-development 15/19
Site Views:
Mankhurd Oshiwara
Majas Ghatkopar
7/27/2019 Environmental Issues- Infrastructure Development
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/environmental-issues-infrastructure-development 16/19
SALIENT FEATURES OF POLICIES:
• GoM R&R Policy: Rehabilitation of Slum dwellers for project affected households; Active comm
participation; Accord housing and civic rights to form Co-Operative Housing Society; Retain ex
network and minimize adverse impact
• Slum Rehabilitation Scheme: Free tenement of 225 sq.ft. carpet area; 20,000/structure for fut
maintenance; Maximum density of 500 PAH per hectare; 1 balwadi,1 welfare centre and a Soc
every 100 tenements each measuring 225 sq.ft.
• Un-encroached land belonging to private party is conveyed to Government free of cost for use
• Resettlement Townships: Construction of 50,000 tenements for resettlement of 3,50,000 slum
integrated townships well connected by rail and roadways. Physical infrastructure like water su
water drain, roads with footpaths and recreation grounds also completed by MMRDA.
7/27/2019 Environmental Issues- Infrastructure Development
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/environmental-issues-infrastructure-development 17/19
RESETTLEMENT & REHABILITATION PRO
Rehabilitation Action Plan prepared covering:
Number of families affected by the project
Policy framework and entitlements
Land acquisition details
Identification of resettlement sites and purchase of built houses
Plans for transit and permanent housing
Economic rehabilitation measuresMonitoring, evaluation procedures, grievance & redressal mechanisms
Time-table including the preparation of detailed implementation plans
7/27/2019 Environmental Issues- Infrastructure Development
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/environmental-issues-infrastructure-development 18/19
INNOVATION IN IMPLEMENTATION:
• Supervision to ensure design standard, quality construction utilizing engineering capabilities o
• Involvement of NGO’s to carry out procedures efficiently.
• Co ordination with government agencies like revenue department and collector encroachme
eligibility and entitlements.
• Taking over of cleared lands and provide security to prevent re encroachments
•Motivating developers to offer tenements under various schemes.
• Timely approvals after scrutiny to the proposals of developers.