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Environmental Issues in IndiaEnvironmental Issues in India-- NEERINEERI’’s Efforts to Address s Efforts to Address
Water and Air CleanWater and Air Clean--upup
National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur–20
www.neeri.res.in - [email protected]
Dr. T. Chakrabarti Acting Director
Environmental Environmental Issues in IndiaIssues in India
The Underlying Causes of The Underlying Causes of Environmental Degradation Environmental Degradation
in Indiain India
Social FactorsSocial FactorsEconomic FactorsEconomic FactorsInstitutional FactorsInstitutional Factors
Social FactorsSocial Factors
PopulationPopulationPovertyPovertyUrbanizationUrbanization
Economic FactorsEconomic FactorsNon-existent or poorly functioning markets for environmental goods and services Market distortions created by price controls and subsidies The manufacturing technology adopted by most of the industries which generally is based on intensive resource and energy use.Expansion of chemical based industryGrowing transport activitiesExpansion of port and harbour activities.
Institutional FactorsInstitutional Factors
Lack of awareness and infrastructure Lack of awareness and infrastructure
makes implementation of most of the makes implementation of most of the
laws relating to environment, laws relating to environment,
extremely difficult and ineffectiveextremely difficult and ineffective..
Environmental Policy in Environmental Policy in IndiaIndia
Ancient India-Buddhist Period
The Arthashastra by Kautilya, written as early as between 321 and 300 BC, contained provisions meant to regulate a number of aspects related to the environment. The fifth pillar edict of Emperor Ashoka also contains such regulations
Environmental Policy in IndiaEnvironmental Policy in IndiaDuring the British Reign in India:During the British Reign in India:
Shore Nuisance (Bombay and Shore Nuisance (Bombay and KolabaKolaba) Act, 1853) Act, 1853The Indian Penal Code, 1860The Indian Penal Code, 1860The ElephantThe Elephant’’s Preservation Act, 1879s Preservation Act, 1879The Indian Easements Act, 1882 The Indian Easements Act, 1882 The Fisheries Act, 1897 The Fisheries Act, 1897 The Factories Act, 1897 The Factories Act, 1897 The Bengal Smoke Nuisance Act, 1905 The Bengal Smoke Nuisance Act, 1905 The Bombay Smoke Nuisance Act, 1912 The Bombay Smoke Nuisance Act, 1912 Wild Birds and Animals Protection Act, 1912Wild Birds and Animals Protection Act, 1912
Environmental Policy In Environmental Policy In IndiaIndia
Modern IndiaNational Council for Environmental Policy and Planning was set up in 1972 which was later evolved into Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) in 1985.MoEF and the pollution control boards (CPCB i.e. Central Pollution Control Board and SPCBs i.e. State Pollution Control Boards) together form the regulatory and administrative core of the sector.
Environmental Policy In Environmental Policy In IndiaIndia
The Policy Statement for Abatement of The Policy Statement for Abatement of Pollution and the National Conservation Pollution and the National Conservation Strategy and Policy Statement on Strategy and Policy Statement on Environment and Development were brought Environment and Development were brought out by the out by the MoEFMoEF in 1992. in 1992. The EAP (Environmental Action The EAP (Environmental Action ProgrammeProgramme) ) was formulated in 1993 with the objective of was formulated in 1993 with the objective of improving environmental services and improving environmental services and integrating environmental considerations into integrating environmental considerations into development development programmesprogrammes. .
Environmental Policy In Environmental Policy In IndiaIndia
National Environment Policy, 2006It the first initiative in strategy-formulation for environmental protection in a comprehensive manner.It undertakes a diagnosis of the causative factors of land degradation with a view to flagging the remedial measures required in this direction. It recognizes that the relevant fiscal, tariffs and sectoral policies need to take explicit account of their unintentional impacts on land degradation.
Environmental Policy In Environmental Policy In IndiaIndia
National Environment Policy, 2006 (contd.)
The solutions offered to overcome the problem comprise adoption of both, science-based and traditional land-use practices, pilot-scale demonstrations, large scale dissemination, adoption of Multi-stakeholder partnerships, promotion of agro-forestry, organic farming, environmentally sustainable cropping patterns and adoption of efficient irrigation techniques.
ConstitutionalConstitutional FrameworkFramework
Article 21 - Fundamental Rights Article 48A - Directive Principles of
State Policy Article 51A(g) - Fundamental Duties
Legislative FrameworkLegislative FrameworkThe Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 Atomic Energy Act of 1982 Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (EPA) Motor Vehicles Act ,1988The National Environment Appellate Authority Act, 1997 Public Liability Insurance Act (PLIA), 1991 National Environment Tribunal Act, 1995
Role of Judiciary in Imparting Role of Judiciary in Imparting Environmental JusticeEnvironmental Justice
The Judiciary has come up with the “judge-driven implementation” of environmental administration in India.It has isolated specific environmental law principles upon interpretation of Indian Statutes and Constitution.Public Interest Litigations (PILs) which is the result of the relaxation of the locus standi rules by the judiciary, is the characteristic feature of the environmental litigation in India.
Role of Judiciary in Imparting Role of Judiciary in Imparting Environmental JusticeEnvironmental JusticeDisputes relating to environment are treated as cases related to violation of fundamental rights, rather than claims under law of torts.It has been held that the Supreme Court and the High Courts can be directly approached under Article 32 and Article 226 of the Constitution of India in case of matters relating to environment.
Environmental issues in Environmental issues in India includeIndia include
Poverty.populationPoverty.population and pollutionand pollutionRapid monitoring and assessment of Rapid monitoring and assessment of environmental pollution and controlenvironmental pollution and controlRestoration of contaminated environmentRestoration of contaminated environmentManagement of solid and hazardous Management of solid and hazardous wasteswastesControl of pollution caused by the Control of pollution caused by the SMEsSMEsAir pollution controlAir pollution controlAdoption of BATNEEC and technoAdoption of BATNEEC and techno--economically feasible solution.economically feasible solution.
NEERINEERI’’ss Efforts Efforts to Address to Address
Water and Air Water and Air CleanClean--upup
NEERI NEERI NEERI was established in 1958 as Central Public Health Engineering Research Institute.(CPHERI)
CPHERI was renamed as National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) in 1974 by Mrs.Indira Gandhi, the then Prime Minister of India
It was established as a unique Institution of its kind by CSIR
NEERI and ZONAL LABSNEERI and ZONAL LABS
Nation-wide presence with Headquarters at Nagpur and five zonal centers
Chennai
Delhi
Hyderabad
Kolkata
Mumbai
SocietyPresident: PM
Vice President: Minister S&T
Governing BodyChairman: Director General
Advisory Board
CSIR HQrsHead: Director General
Performance Appraisal Board
Research Council
R&D Laboratories (38)Head: Director
Management Council
Organization Chart : CSIROrganization Chart : CSIR
Organization ChartOrganization Chart
Activities of NEERIActivities of NEERIResearch intensive areasResearch intensive areas
Environmental Biotechnology & GenomicsEnvironmental Biotechnology & GenomicsEnvironmental MaterialsEnvironmental Materials
Public and strategic areasPublic and strategic areasEnvironmental MonitoringEnvironmental MonitoringEnvironmental Policy AnalysisEnvironmental Policy Analysis
SocioSocio--economic areas (urban & rural)economic areas (urban & rural)Drinking WaterDrinking WaterClean AirClean AirSolid and Hazardous Waste managementSolid and Hazardous Waste managementEnvironment & HealthEnvironment & HealthAdvice to Central & State Government Agencies Advice to Central & State Government Agencies JudiciaryJudiciary
Industry focusIndustry focusEnvironment AuditEnvironment AuditEnvironmental Technology AssessmentEnvironmental Technology AssessmentEnvironmental Impact & Risk AssessmentEnvironmental Impact & Risk Assessment
NEERINEERI’’S Focus Areas S Focus Areas Indoor Air Quality (IAQ)Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) –– VOCsVOCs, Monitoring, Health , Monitoring, Health Impacts, Public Awareness and TrainingImpacts, Public Awareness and Training
Ambient Air Quality (AAQ)Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) –– Urban AQ dataUrban AQ data--bank, bank, inventorizationinventorization, source apportionment analysis, , source apportionment analysis, analytical techniques, cost effective control, analytical techniques, cost effective control, conservation of monumentsconservation of monuments
Drinking WaterDrinking Water –– WQ surveillance and assessment, WQ surveillance and assessment, water treatment, supply and distribution, training for water treatment, supply and distribution, training for rural sectorrural sector
Water ResourcesWater Resources –– EIA of river linking projects, EIA of river linking projects, artificial recharge of groundwater and aquifers, ecoartificial recharge of groundwater and aquifers, eco--restoration of lakes and reservoirs, ecological minimum restoration of lakes and reservoirs, ecological minimum flows, watershed planning, flows, watershed planning, catchmentcatchment areas treatment, areas treatment, salinity ingress in coastal areassalinity ingress in coastal areas
NEERINEERI’’S Focus Areas S Focus Areas Wastewater Wastewater -- Recycling for zero discharge, color and pathogen Recycling for zero discharge, color and pathogen removal, removal, treatabilitytreatability studies, and Design or revamping studies, and Design or revamping ETPs/STPs/CETPsETPs/STPs/CETPs through innovative solutionsthrough innovative solutions
Industry Industry -- Waste minimization, Recovery and recycling of wastes, Waste minimization, Recovery and recycling of wastes, Environment and process audit, EIA, Carrying capacity, LCA, GlobEnvironment and process audit, EIA, Carrying capacity, LCA, Global al environmental policiesenvironmental policies
Bio/Bio/PhytoPhyto RemediationRemediation –– Reclamation and restoration of degraded Reclamation and restoration of degraded landslands (mine spoil dumps/tailings, saline soils, etc.), Carbon (mine spoil dumps/tailings, saline soils, etc.), Carbon sequestration applications, Land application of treated sewage, sequestration applications, Land application of treated sewage, nutrient nutrient dynamicsdynamics
Municipal Solid & Hazardous Wastes Municipal Solid & Hazardous Wastes -- Design of Design of landfills,treatmentlandfills,treatmentand disposal systems, Composting and and disposal systems, Composting and biomethanationbiomethanation, stabilization , stabilization
Energy securityEnergy security -- Biogas systems, Enrichment of methane, Microbial Biogas systems, Enrichment of methane, Microbial production of hydrogenproduction of hydrogen
Health Health -- Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) analysis for delineation Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) analysis for delineation of genetic disturbances due to exposures to air pollutantsof genetic disturbances due to exposures to air pollutants
Mandates of NEERI To To conduct R&Dconduct R&D in environmental science in environmental science and engineeringand engineeringTo To participateparticipate in CSIR thrust areas and in CSIR thrust areas and mission projects to mission projects to developdevelop ESTsESTsTo To render assistancerender assistance to industries & to industries & Government bodies to mitigate Government bodies to mitigate environmental pollutionenvironmental pollutionTo To interact and collaborateinteract and collaborate with with academic and research institutions on academic and research institutions on environmental science and engineering for environmental science and engineering for mutual benefitmutual benefit
Environmental MonitoringEnvironmental Biotechnology & GenomicsEnvironmental Impact & Risk AssessmentEnvironmental System Design and ModellingEnvironmental MaterialsHazardous Waste Management
AdvisoryCentral Ministries/BoardsState Ministries/BoardsJudiciaryIndustries
NEERI’s Current Activities
R&D Space R&D Space –– Present and FuturePresent and FutureCurrent Thrust AreasCurrent Thrust Areas
Environmental MonitoringEnvironmental MonitoringEnvironmental Biotechnology and GenomicsEnvironmental Biotechnology and GenomicsEnvironmental Impact and Risk AssessmentEnvironmental Impact and Risk AssessmentEnvironmental System Design and Environmental System Design and ModellingModellingEnvironment MaterialsEnvironment MaterialsHazardous Waste ManagementHazardous Waste Management
New AreasNew AreasEnvironment and HealthEnvironment and HealthMonitoring and MitigationMonitoring and MitigationEcorestorationEcorestoration and Remediationand RemediationClimate ChangeClimate ChangeNatural Resource AccountingNatural Resource AccountingLife Cycle AssessmentLife Cycle AssessmentMolecular Environmental ScienceMolecular Environmental Science
Scientific Disciplines of ScientistScientific Disciplines of Scientist (As on May 1, 2008)(As on May 1, 2008)
Botany (4)
Agriculture ( 2)
Instrumentation (1)
Mathematics & Statistics(2)
Zoology (4)
Meteorology (2)Microbiology (9)
Environmental & PH Engg. (26)
Chemical Engg. (24)
Electronics (5)
Chemistry (33)
Biochemistry (4)
Marine Biology, 1
Geophysics (2)Physics (5)
WaterWater EnvironmentEnvironment
Colour vs Output
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1200
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Output
Output:1. Review and Evaluation of available Instruments & Techniques2. Assessment of feasibility, efficiency and accuracy of available field methods3. Selection of suitable method for estimation based on Gutziet method4. Assembling of microcontroller based electronic circuit on general purpose PCB5. Interface of Microcontroller to PC through RS-232 interface6. Fabrication of prototype of sample holder and sensor assembly7. Evaluation of the test prototype using synthetic colour samples.
Objectives:Evaluation of available field analysis methods and choosing the most applicable one.Development and assessment of the electronic circuit prototype
based on the above method.
This project also won the 3rd Prize in poster presentation in the International conference on“Water Crisis-Challenges & Opportunities during 28-29 Feb 2008 held in NEERI, Nagpur.
Developed novel methods for removing Arsenic from contaminated sDeveloped novel methods for removing Arsenic from contaminated soil oil using microorganismusing microorganism-- derived derived siderophoressiderophores.. This work was appeared in .. This work was appeared in European Commission DG Environment News Alert Service, USA.European Commission DG Environment News Alert Service, USA.
Citation:Citation:
Pesticide monitored:OrganochlorinesOrganophosphates Synthetic pyrethroidsHerbicides
Monthly Monitoring of 60 sites (Open wells and tube wells) in 8 districts including Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh
NagpurWardhaBhandaraAmravatiYavatmalNasikChandrapurChhindwara
Major pesticides monitored
α‐HCHβ‐HCH γ‐HCHδ‐HCHHeptachlorAlachlorAldrinDicofolEndo IButachlorp‐p'DDEEndo IIp‐p'DDDEndosulphan
sulphatep‐p'DDTFenpropethrinλ‐cyhalothrinDimethoateMonocrotophosMethyl parathionProfenophosEthionQuinalphosMalathionChlorpyriphosPhosphamidonFenamiphos
Objectives:To evaluate the status of pesticide residues in ground water A survey of type and quantity of pesticides used in and crop pattern to track the pesticide pathway
Output:Synthetic pyrethroids
and Herbicides were not found in samplesOrganophosphates were used on sites but were not found in ground waterOrganochlorines
like endosulphan, lindane, p,p’‐DDE, dicofol
are found but well below regulatory limits
α-HCH
KalpasarKalpasar Project Project Construction of 64.16 km dam across Gulf of Khambhat to create freshwater lake of approximately 2000 km2 area
Impoundment of freshwater discharged in Gulf by 12 rivers including Narmada, Mahi, Dhadharand Sabarmati
Provide annually 5461 Mm3 water to irrigate more than 1 million ha of arid land in southern Saurashtra, 990 Mm3 water for domestic consumption and 500 Mm3 water for industrial development in Saurashtra and Kachchh region
Generate 5880 MW tidal power
Reclaim 119,000 ha of peripheral saline land for residential, agricultural and industrial development
Provide multi-lane rail and highway construction over the dam to reduce travel distance (by about 225 km) between South Gujarat and Saurashtra
Facilitate port and fisheries development
Environmental System Design & Environmental System Design & ModellingModelling DivisionDivisionCEIA for Mumbai Sewage Disposal Project (MCGM)CEIA for Mumbai Sewage Disposal Project (MCGM)
SCOPE OF WORKBase line scenario at the sites for air, noise, water, land and socio-economic i/c land use
Details of proposed infrastructures including buildings, machineries, drainage, manpower, construction equipment etc. and their impact on the above environments
Detailed study on mangrove destruction, if any and disposal of surplus earth, materials, wastes etc. Construction schedule, particularly the 3.5 km tunnelling and shaft works and their operational impacts in various environmentImpacts due to foreseeable climatic conditionsPost Project impact on Coastal Water Quality due to discharge of treated wastewater through ocean outfall at Erangal (Mike 21)
The Environmental Management Plan for each environment during constructional and operational phases
Environmental monitoring schedule and responsibilities
Pollution Abatement of Pollution Abatement of DamodarDamodar River System River System (DVC)(DVC)
350 km Damodar, its14 tributaries and several drains -Sampling for over 600 samples in three season to assess over 30 parameters in each sampleCreation of three Laboratories at Bokaro, Putki, DurgapurSampling in five reservoirs including sedimentsSecondary data collection for industries, towns, pollution generation and treatment facilitiesIdentification of critical stretches of Damodar and tributaries based on above primary and secondary dataDesign and costing of treatment systems for municipal wastewatersConsultation with DVC/ CPCB for implementation
Study of Groundwater Aquifer System at Jagannath Puri
Web based GIS for Indian Environment ENVIGIS (SIP 16/5.1)
Configuration of environmental database with GIS utility on web serverDesign and development of web and map based queries of environmental parameters in GIS environmentDevelopment of statistical tools for trend and pattern analysis
Groundwater quality assessment for three seasons (August 2006, Nov 2006 and June 2007 total 150 samples)Hydrodynamics of groundwater flow and contaminant transport (Visual Modflow)Simulation of saltwater intrusion for safe pumping withdrawal from the water fields (SeaWat)
GIS-Based Mapping of NetworksAttribute Data for .shp filesEstimated Model ParametersModel SimulationAssessment of Results
Desk-based AssessmentField Study
Scope
Integration of GIS w ith Mathematical models 0
0
0
Contaminant Conc
Medium
Medium
Busy
Traffic
V.GoodV.Good0.05LowDI2005V.Good5Low5
GoodGood0.3LowCI1996Good4Medium4
PoorPoor0.9LowRCC1975Bad2High3
Workmanship
Bedding Condition
Leakage(lps)
PressureKg/cm2)
Material
Installation Year
PCA Class
PCA Rank
Risk Class
RiskRank
LegendRISKRANK
2345Road
`
High Risk due toBad Pipe Condition
IRA-WDS helps in identifying the relative risks associated with contaminant intrusion into WDS Decision-makers can prioritize their operational maintenance strategiesReal life Application at Hyderabad City
Risk Assessment of Contaminant Intrusion into Water Risk Assessment of Contaminant Intrusion into Water Distribution System to Identify Risk Prone Pipes for Distribution System to Identify Risk Prone Pipes for
Replacement (USEPA)Replacement (USEPA)
The GIS-based methodology for modelingRunoff estimationNPS estimation in progress
Kanhan River Sub-watershed
Fertilizer applied (kg) in Kharif season
TehsilTotal N
(kg)Total P
(kg)Total K
(kg)
Saoner 2069420 1034710 1034710
Parseoni 1480640 740320 740320
TehsilTotal N
(kg)Total P
(kg)Total K
(kg)
Saoner 411820 295640 237600
Parseoni 978295 667470 505890
Fertilizer applied (kg) in Rabi season
Development of GIS-based Modelling Tool for Assessment of Non-point Source Pollution in a Watershed (DST Project)
Topics Covered: Sustainable development, JNNURM Approach, Water Supply and Wastewater collection, treatment, Disposal and Reuse, Industrial Wastewater treatment, recycle and reuse; Bio-medical and Solidwaste Management, Collection, Treatment and disposal, Laws and RegulationField Visit: Biomedical waste treatment plant and STP in Nagpur
Capacity Building Programme on Bio-Medical Waste management & Urban Environmental Management, Dec 10-14, 2007 (UNHABITAT)State Govt and Municipal corporations of Bhopal, Indore, Gwalior and Jabalpur in MP
“NEERI ZAR” for Potable Water Supply
Geo-Environment Management Division
Three Dimensional Electrodes for Effective and Advanced TreatmenThree Dimensional Electrodes for Effective and Advanced Treatment of t of Landfill Landfill LeachateLeachate -- DST Sponsored ProjectDST Sponsored Project
Leachate from hazardous landfill site is a complex wastewater
Landfill Site Leachate Sample
Microporous Carbon
GAC: Particle size 2-3 mm 3-D Reactor
Characteristics of Leachate from BEIL, Ankaleshwar
ParameterParameter ConcentrationConcentration
pHpH 8.38.3--8.58.5
Electrical Electrical ConductivityConductivity
200200--212 212
ColourColour Dark BrownDark Brown
CODCOD 1710717107--18374 18374
TKNTKN 20002000--2242 2242
ChlorideChloride 52298 52298
SulphateSulphate 14231423--1505 1505
SulphideSulphide 5656--64 64
MnMn 40.9540.95--42.75 42.75
FeFe 18.6518.65--19.75 19.75
Effect of applied current on the removal of COD & TKN (Target Parameters)
Sample/ ParameterSample/ Parameter 1 Amp.*1 Amp.* 2 Amp.*2 Amp.* 3 Amp.*3 Amp.*
CODCOD TKNTKN COD COD TKNTKN CODCOD TKNTKN
InitialInitial 1710717107 20002000 1837418374 20002000 1824018240 20002000
After adsorption**After adsorption** 1536015360 17641764 1635216352 17641764 1623316233 17641764
After electrochemical After electrochemical oxidationoxidation++
38013801 180180 39603960 112112 36803680 2020
Per cent reductionPer cent reduction 77.877.8 9191 78.578.5 94.494.4 79.879.8 9999
Elect. energy per massElect. energy per massEEEMEM (kWh/kg)(kWh/kg)
0.280.28 2.982.98 0.330.33 3.233.23 0.460.46 7.517.51
*Working voltage 3.2V at 1A, 4.3V at 2A, and 5.9V at 3A ; ** 1 h contact time ; + 6 h electrochemical oxidation
Conclusion• Recalcitrant COD and TKN present in landfill leachate can be removed simultaneously in a
three-dimensional carbon bed electrochemical reactor with high efficiency. • The net removal of COD and TKN under the applied current may be attributed to adsorption-
electro-oxidation cycles, facilitated by electro-oxidative regeneration of carbon bed. • Application of lower current (i.e. 1 A) is attractive because of low energy requirement per
removal of unit mass of COD and TKN.Concentration in mg/l except pH & elec. cond.(mscm-1)
Treatment of landfill leachate by electrochemical oxidation was conducted in a batch electrolytic fixed bed three dimensional electrodes reactor using granular activated carbon as
particle electrodes.
Development of Biotechnological Approach for Treatment of Nitrogenous Wastewater using Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation Process - DBT Sponsored Project
Objective : Objective : To develop a biotechnological system (AAOP) for treatment of nitTo develop a biotechnological system (AAOP) for treatment of nitrogenous wastewaterrogenous wastewater
ParametersParameters UnitsUnits Performance of bioreactorPerformance of bioreactor
HRTHRT hrhr 1212 1212 1212
DO conc.DO conc. mg/Lmg/L 4.2 4.2 ±±
0.50.5 2.2 2.2 ±±
0.20.2 0.9 0.9 ±±
0.20.2
Ammonia feedAmmonia feed mg /lmg /l 75 75 ±±
1212 6868±±
1515 7171±±
1212
NHNH 44 oxidation oxidation Per centPer cent 53 53 ±±
22 75 75 ±±
33 73 73 ±±
2.52.5
NONO 22 oxidationoxidation Per centPer cent 46 46 ±±
0.50.5 21 21 ±±
0.30.3 1818 ±±
0.20.2
Effluent NOEffluent NO 33 mg/Lmg/L 18 18 ±±
22 7 7 ±±
0.50.5 2 2 ±±
0.50.5
((Nitrite to total Nitrite to total nitrogen ratio)nitrogen ratio)
-- 0.650.65 0.820.82 0.870.87
SEM Micrographs of AAO BiomassFixed bed reactor
Salient AchievementsPartial nitrification of ammonia to nitrite was achieved under limiting oxygen condition ( DO conc.:0.9 mg/l) To accomplish complete inhibition of nitrification, 90 days of reactor operation under oxygen limiting stage (0.9 ± 0.2 mg/l) was necessaryThe biofilm was colonised with species of ammonia oxidizing bacteria like Nitrosomonaseuropea & Nitrosomonas eutropha having the ability to partially nitrify (ammonia to nitrite)
Start-up period
Anticipated AdvantagesReduced oxygen requirement by >60% No additional organic carbon source for denitrification requiredLess biomass production Applicable for low COD/N ratio wastewater
After 245 d of operation
Future WorkDevelop the ANAMOX system as second stage of the processDevelopment of HYBRID bioreactor for coupling the two stage process of AAOPOptimization of process parameters.
Principle
NH4+ + 1.5 O2 H+ + 2H2 O + NO2
- (partial nitrification)
NH4+ + 1.32NO2
- + 0.13H+ 1.02 N2 + 0.026 NO3- + 2.0 H2 O (anammox)
Wastewater Technology DivisionWastewater Technology Division
EC Hypo EC+EO Hypo+EO0
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emov
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Treatment Methods
COD COLOR
Studies on Studies on ColourColour and COD Removal from Molasses Based Yeast and COD Removal from Molasses Based Yeast Manufacturing Industry Wastewater at M/s AB Manufacturing Industry Wastewater at M/s AB MauriMauri India Pvt. Ltd. India Pvt. Ltd. --
Industry Sponsored ProjectIndustry Sponsored Project
Conclusion
Yeast manufacturing wastewater can be treated effectively for Colour and recalcitrant COD removal adopting Electrocoagulation + Electrooxidation or Hypo treatment + Electrooxidation
COD removal- >75%Colour removal- >95%
+ -
pH- 7.2-7.3COD- 3680-5400 mg/lColour (450nm) - ~10 unitsTDS- 14000-16000 mg/l
COD removal- 30-35%Colour removal- 65-75%
Hypo Contactor(sodium hypo chlorite)
Settling tank
Electrooxidation3 D Carbon bed// C Anode//
SS Cathode
Electocoagulation
-
After Hypo treatment
After EC
+ _
Treatability Conducted
Future Studies
Optimization of process parametersPilot scale up
Objective : Removal of colour and recalcitrant COD from secondary treated effluent from molasses based yeast manufacturing industry
Lime treatment Electrochemical coagulation Fenton oxidation Electrochemical coagulation + ElctrooxidationAlum treatment Potassium permanganate Hypo treatment Hypo treatment + Elctrooxidation
Optimized treatment scheme
Composite Correction Composite Correction ProgrammeProgrammeSponsor Sponsor -- USEPA USEPA
Objective : Composite Correction Program optimizes particle removal during water treatment to protect the public from microbial contamination. CCP defines specific performance goals based on key treatment processes such as sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection. Often, water treatment plant operations can maximize their performance with limited capital investment
Scope of Work :Assessment of plant performance: Utilize the data listed aboveEvaluation of major unit processes and conducting interviewsIdentification and prioritization of performance limiting factorsReporting results of the evaluationPresent findings to plant and administrative personnel and prepare and distribute CPE report
Wastewater TreatmentWastewater Treatment
Reuse of WastewaterReuse of Wastewater
HorticultureHorticulture
AgricultureAgriculture
AIR Pollution Monitoring and
Control
Air Quality MonitoringAir Quality Monitoring
AQM and Source Apportionment AQM and Source Apportionment Studies for DelhiStudies for Delhi
HC and VOC Monitoring in the work zone area of CPCL Refinery
NEERI Chennai Zonal Laboratory
Source apportionment of VOCs CMB-8
maximum expected ozone concentration and maximum expected ozone precursor emission impact site.
Methodology
Monitoring VOC & Ozone
Identifications of reactive VOCs
Photochemical model to predict ground level ozone concentration UAM-V
Kolkata city specific mitigation policy for VOC control
Ambient Air Quality Status of Kolkata with reference to Ozone, Volatile Organic Compounds and Carbonyls
KZL KZL -- Research & Development ProjectsResearch & Development Projects
Identification & Concentration of VOCs in various indoors
Emission/Sorption rates of commonly observed VOCs in Emission Chamber
Determination of Coefficients for the model
Development Mass Transfer Model
Apply to Indoor locations
Supra Institutional Project- Development of Mass Transfer Model of Volatile Organic Compounds as Indoor Air Pollutant and Control Options.
0
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OCTOBERNOVEMBERDECEMBER
JANUARYFEBRUARY
MARCHAPRIL
MAYJUNEJULY
ug/m
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PM2.5 RSPM PM2.5/RSPM
Research & Development ProjectsPresent ProjectsPresent Projects
Lung Function test of interveiwed group
PM2.5 Concentration in Residential area
Collection of health status information through
questionaires in different economic groups within 2km
raduis of monitoring site
Correlation of the data
0.0
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First Floor - Openarea
Mr Chattarjee'sCabin - Ground
Floor
Ground Foor -Open Area
NOC - Inside thedome
Mr Rao's cabin -First Floor
Without Ozonisation With Ozonisation Percentage Reduction
Assessment of the effects of High Particulate pollutants on Plumonary Health Status in selected mega cities of south Asia
Indoor Air Quality in terms of VOCs and Ozone at Tatatele Services Premises
Environmental Biotechnology DivisionEnvironmental Biotechnology DivisionSignificant AchievementsSignificant Achievements
Pilot plant for treatment of odorouspollutant – pyridine
Lab scale biofilter
Innovation / Uniqueness
Odour characterization & complexitiesFirst-of-its kind project in India on odourRoad map for formulation of odour norms attuned to Indian scenario (EN 13275, ASTM)
Bench scale biofilter system for treatment of waste gas containing
sulphurous odorant
Odour removal studies
Objectives of the project:
Identification of sources of releases of dioxins and furansTo develop clean-up technologies
1) 2,3,7,8 TCDF 2) 2,3,7,8 TCDD 3) 1,2,3,7,8 PeCDF4) 2,3,4,7,8 PeCDF5) 1,2,3,7,8 PeCDD6) 1,2,3,4,7,8 HxCDF7) 1,2,3,6,7,8 HxCDF8) 2,3,4,6,7,8 HxCDF9) 1,2,3,4,7,8 HxCDD10 ) 1,2,3,6,7,8 HxCDD11 ) 1,2,3,7,8,9 HxCDD12 ) 1,2,3,7,8,9 HxCDF13 ) 1,2,3,4,6,7,8 HpCDF14 ) 1,2,3,4,6,7,8 HpCDD15 ) 1,2,3,4,7,8,9 HpCDF16 ) OCDD 17 ) OCDF
Characterization, Monitoring and Management of Dioxins and FuranCharacterization, Monitoring and Management of Dioxins and Furanss
GC-MS-MS spectra for the 17 congeners of dioxin and furan
Saw DustSaw Dust
Washed with water and sun dried
Washed with water and sun dried
Treated with known quantities of H2 SO4
Treated with known quantities of H2 SO4
Held in Air oven at 1500C for calculated time
Held in Air oven at 1500C for calculated time
Washed till neutral pHWashed till neutral pH
Sawdust based carbon prepared for Dioxin & Furan Removal
Output
Optimization and calibration of GC-MS-MS for dioxin and furans
Preparation of carbon and activation for adsorption studies
Solid and Solid and Hazardous Waste Hazardous Waste
ManagementManagement
Solid Waste Management Unit
Management of Municipal Solid Waste
Quantification and characterization
Treatment and disposal
Landfill design
Environmental and health impact
Management of Industrial Solid and Hazardous waste
Identification, Quantification and characterization
Recovery of value added chemicals
Waste minimization by reuse and recycle
Assessment and remediation of hazardous waste contaminated sites
reatment and safe disposal
Work Areas
Feasibility study on disposal of empty containers of Feasibility study on disposal of empty containers of hazardous chemicals in Induction furnace at hazardous chemicals in Induction furnace at GoaGoa
Objectives:Safe disposal of empty containers of hazardous chemicals
Salient findings of the study:Full scale studies
Emissions for hazardous constitutents (VOC, SOx, NOxetc) were monitored
Non-feasibility of disposal due to unorganized working of induction furnaces, improper operating conditions (oxygen, residence time) and improper emission control systems
The recommended of modifications, improvements in the existing system
Empty Containers of hazardous chemicals
Fugitive emissions of hazardous chemicals
Monitoring of emissions
Studies on the Emission of HCN during Studies on the Emission of HCN during Decontamination of Discarded Cyanide Containers Decontamination of Discarded Cyanide Containers
at at ZawarZawar Mine of HZLMine of HZL
Objectives:Monitoring of cyanide emissions
during decontamination of empty cyanide containers
Salient findings of the study:Zawar mine uses sodium cyanide as one of the raw material
After use the empty containers of sodium cyanide are generated
The containers and liners are decontaminated by HZL through alkaline chlorination.
The monitoring of emissions during decontamination process did not indicated release of HCN.
Recommendations were made for improving the decontamination process as it was a crude system.
Decontamination of cyanide containers
Monitoring of cyanide emissions
Pilot Scale remediation of mercury contaminated site Pilot Scale remediation of mercury contaminated site at Hindustan Unilever Ltd., at Hindustan Unilever Ltd., KodaikanalKodaikanal
Objectives:Remediation of mercury contaminated soil to a risk based target level of 20 mg/kg.
Salient findings of the study:Bench scale studies at NEERI on soil washing and thermal retorting
Commissioning and operation of pilot scale soil washing and thermal retort units by HUL, Kodaikanal under the guidance of NEERI
Trial runs indicated remediation of mercury contaminated soil well below the target level using combination of soil washing and retorting
Development of technical protocol and a DPR for site remediation
Full scale commissioning and remediation activities are underway
Site with levels of mercury contamination
Pilot scale soil remediation
Assessment of Aquifer Vulnerability at Assessment of Aquifer Vulnerability at RajpuraRajpura-- DaribaDariba Mines of Hindustan Zinc LimitedMines of Hindustan Zinc Limited
Objectives:Assessment of aquifer vulnerability due to tailings disposal at R-D Mines of HZL
Salient findings of the study:Tailings generation – 2.2 Lakh MTPA
Major constituents – lead, zinc, iron
Tailing Dam size - (1.5 km x 0.5 km) x 6m height
Calculation of aquifer vulnerability index (AVI) for the tailings dam area using DRASTIC model (hydrogeologic model)
The calculated AVI score of 93 out of a total score of 185 indicated low to moderate aquifer pollution potential
The predictions from AVI study were Verified and validated through groundwater monitoring
Tailing dam at R-D Mines
Tailing
Design of Secure Landfill for Design of Secure Landfill for JayshreeJayshree Chemical LimitedChemical Limited
ObjectivesDesign of secure landfill system for mercury sludgeDelineation of operating guidelines, closure and post closure measures
Work DoneDesign of various component like lime, liner, cover and leachatecollection systemFormulation of closure and post closure methodologiesRanking of the site based on geological and hydrogeological and other relevant parameters Design has been implemented by Jayshree Chemical Limited under the guidance of NEERI
Developing Preventive Measures to Minimize Health Hazards for Developing Preventive Measures to Minimize Health Hazards for municipal solid waste workers, Sponsored by Ministry of municipal solid waste workers, Sponsored by Ministry of
Environment & Forests (Environment & Forests (MoEFMoEF), New Delhi), New Delhi
Objectives
Studies on health status of MSW workers
Statistical analysis, interpretation of data and delineation of preventive measures
Salient Findings
Complain of chest pain, muscular pain, headache, eye irritation, cough problem, skin problem and injury
CRP, ESR and PFT were found positive in many cases
CRP concentration much higher than control population
No. of samples 250
Blood samples of Exposed human/animal
PCR-RFLP of Hot spots
IEF, 2D Gel, Antibody, hybridization,
imaging
Select proteins
Peptide finger printing
Amino acid Sequencing
DNA sequencing
Proteomics
Genomics• CYP 2D 6L
• CYP 1A1
• NQ 01
• NAT 2
• GSTP1
• GST M1
Reverse Genomics
Mn Mn/PAH PAH
Exon 6&9
Exon 7
Exon 6
Null allele
Exon 5
Exon2
Exon Number
Metabolic genes
ToxicogenomicsToxicogenomics of polymorphism in Indian population of polymorphism in Indian population to industrial chemicals for development of biomarkersto industrial chemicals for development of biomarkers
Solid Waste Management Plan for Solid Waste Management Plan for MalegaonMalegaon Municipal CorporationMunicipal Corporation
SponsorSponsor-- MalegaonMalegaon Municipal CorporationMunicipal CorporationObjectiveObjective
Assessment of quantity of MSW reaching the siteAssessment of quantity of MSW reaching the site
Assessment of biodegradable and nonAssessment of biodegradable and non--biodegradable fraction in biodegradable fraction in MSW at selected locations and quantity of MSWMSW at selected locations and quantity of MSW
Scope of WorkScope of Work
Site visits , collection of secondary dataSite visits , collection of secondary data
Quantification and characterization of the MSW at dump siteQuantification and characterization of the MSW at dump site
Assessment of existing dump site of MSW at dump siteAssessment of existing dump site of MSW at dump site
NEERI NEERI -- XI Five Year PlanXI Five Year PlanCSIR Network CSIR Network ProgrammesProgrammes
Ecology & Environment Ecology & Environment Bioremediation Bioremediation -- Coordinated by NEERI (Dr. T. Coordinated by NEERI (Dr. T. ChakrabartiChakrabarti) )
Earth System & ScienceEarth System & ScienceGlobal Change Global Change -- Coordinated by NPL (Dr. J.S. Coordinated by NPL (Dr. J.S. PandeyPandey) (to be formulated) ) (to be formulated) CO2 Sequestration CO2 Sequestration --Coordinated by NIO (Dr. S. Coordinated by NIO (Dr. S. RayaluRayalu) )
Water Resource and TechnologyWater Resource and TechnologyMembranes for waste purification/reclamation Membranes for waste purification/reclamation -- Coordinated by CSMCRI Coordinated by CSMCRI (Dr. N.N. (Dr. N.N. RaoRao) ) Ground water quality assessment Ground water quality assessment --Coordinated by NGRI (Dr. P.R. Coordinated by NGRI (Dr. P.R. PujariPujari) )
Leather Leather Zero Emission research Zero Emission research -- Coordinated by CLRI Coordinated by CLRI (Dr. T. (Dr. T. NandyNandy & Dr. A.N & Dr. A.N VaidyaVaidya) )
Supra Institutional Project Supra Institutional Project Molecular Environmental Science Molecular Environmental Science -- NEERI Project (NEERI Project (Dr.SDr.S. . RayaluRayalu) )
Infrastructure Project of NEERIInfrastructure Project of NEERISophisticated Analytical Instrumentation Centre Sophisticated Analytical Instrumentation Centre ( Dr. N.P. Thacker) (to be reformulated)( Dr. N.P. Thacker) (to be reformulated)
Non Network ProjectsNon Network Projects
Remediation/ EcoRemediation/ Eco--restoration and Cleanup restoration and Cleanup of Contaminated Ground and Water of Contaminated Ground and Water
Resources (NWPResources (NWP--19)19)
BiosurfactantBiosurfactant assisted toxic metal mobilization assisted toxic metal mobilization and HC degradation in oily sludge contaminated and HC degradation in oily sludge contaminated soilsoil
Arsenic translocation biochemistry in tissue Arsenic translocation biochemistry in tissue cultured and pot cultured plants cultured and pot cultured plants ((PterisPteris vittatavittata, Bamboo, , Bamboo, VeteveriaVeteveria and Mimosa)and Mimosa)
Biotransformation of Biotransformation of endosulfanendosulfan and and biodegradation of biodegradation of azoazo dyes dyes (Direct Black 38, Direct Blue 15)(Direct Black 38, Direct Blue 15)
Extraction of Extraction of metagenomesmetagenomes from pesticides, from pesticides, heavy metals and hydrocarbon contaminated heavy metals and hydrocarbon contaminated sitessites
Environmental Genomics UnitEnvironmental Genomics UnitObjectives at a Glance: Study of Microbial community in
Environmental Niches
Activated Biomass
Bioremediation
Bio-prospecting
Stress-Pathway
Adaptation
Impact Assessment
Not Working efficientlyNot Working efficiently
Working efficientlyWorking efficiently
Tools :
Microbiological Microbiological
Molecular Molecular
BioinformaticsBioinformatics
Work plan:
Goals & Deliverables Goals & Deliverables
Functional Functional DiversityDiversity
Catabolic Catabolic DiversityDiversity
Microbial Microbial DiversityDiversity
Genomics tools in EIA and forced bioremediation in peripheral environment of refinery
Functional Microbial Diversity for Municipal Solid waste
Designing of Effective consortium for sewage treatment
MetagenomeMetagenome analysis analysis of contaminated site & of contaminated site & ETP ETP (DBT project: 2008(DBT project: 2008--2011)2011)
Stress response Stress response to high TDS by to high TDS by microbial microbial communitycommunity
Current R & D ActivitiesCurrent R & D Activities
Bioremediation & Environment Impact Assessment
1. Microbial community analysis from ETPs
2. Diaphorobacter isolate for NH4 & NO3 removal
3. Hydrocarbons, chlorophenol and Atrazine degradation
4. Designing of Metal resistance Consortium Disinfection by Disinfection by
Bauxite residue: Bauxite residue: Sponsor: Alcoa, USASponsor: Alcoa, USA
Hydrogen generation Value added productWaste water treatment VOC’s control
Wastewater treatment
Hydrogen storageNitrate removal
Fluoride removal Arsenic removalCarbon captureMethane enrichment Diesel emission control
Catalytic methane combustionVOCs and NOx control
EMUR&D Activities
Biocomposites / Biocatalysts
Photocatalysts
Molecular/ Mathematical
Modeling
Adsorbents
Perovskite/Low- cost catalysts
Mixed oxides
Enzyme immobilization Biomimetic sequestration Carbon sequestration
Nanomagnets•Zeolite•Carbon•Mesoporous materials•Compositematerials
Adsorption & catalytic processes
Environmental Materials Unit
Growth of EMU
EMU Performance EMU Performance --April 2007April 2007--till datetill date
EMU bestowed with “Best Division Award”for R&D performance for two consecutive years in 2005-2006 and 2006-2007
International CollaborationsNIMS, JapanIIC, Czech RepublicIPC, RomaniaHokkaido University, JapanPolitechnico di Torino, Italy
National CollaborationsNCL, IIP, IICT, NPL, NIO, CSMCRI, UICT, CMRI
Industrial and other PartnersALCOA, USANTPC, New DelhiUNICEF, Bhopal
NEERI-UNICEF Manual on IFM
Published • Total number of publications : 17• Cumulative impact factor: 28.4
• Total number of patents granted
• International 03• National NIL
• Total number of patents filed 01• Total number of disclosures 02
• Total number of sponsoredprojects: 10
• ECF generated = Rs. 86.135 lakhs
•Total number of in-house/ CSIR projects: 08•Funds received : Rs. 146.6 lakhs
Domestic Level Domestic Level DefluoridationDefluoridation of of Drinking WaterDrinking Water
Treated water <1 mg/L of
fluoride
Loose Sorbent Method
MaterialsMaterials Final F Conc. Final F Conc. (mg/L)(mg/L)
TDS TDS (mg/L)(mg/L)
pHpH
NEERINEERI--II 0.5400.540 304304 6.86.8
NEERINEERI--IIII 0.5510.551 495495 6.76.7
Activated Activated aluminaalumina
1.7201.720 464464 7.17.1
Requires fast kinetics for F uptake
Field water:- Contact time 20 min, Initial F Conc.: 5.2 mg/L
Patents : 3 and Publications :3
M+
M+M+M+
M+
Unmodified Clays Cap: 0.0231 mg/g
Modified Clays Cap: 0.205 mg/g
FunctionalisationMetal Treatment
Low Cost Clays qe > 8.9 times
M+
M+M+M+
M+
M+
M+M+M+
M+
Unmodified Clays Cap: 0.0231 mg/g
Modified Clays Cap: 0.205 mg/g
FunctionalisationMetal Treatment
Low Cost Clays qe > 8.9 times
Supported Metal
Oxides
Biocomposite
Cap: 0.23 mg/g Cap: 12.72 mg/gqe > 55 times
Supported Metal
Oxides
Biocomposite
Cap: 0.23 mg/g Cap: 12.72 mg/gqe > 55 times
U n m o d i f i e d U n m o d i f i e d B i o p o l y m e rB i o p o l y m e rC a p : 0 . 3 4 4 C a p : 0 . 3 4 4 m g / gm g / g
M o d i f i e d M o d i f i e d B i o p o l y m e r B i o p o l y m e r C a p : C a p : 4 . 1 1 m g / g 4 . 1 1 m g / g
O
OC H 2 O H
O HO
N H 2
H
H
H
H
O
OC H 2 O H
O HO
NH
H
H
H
H
O
OC H 2 O H
O HO
NH
H
H
H
HM O H
B i o p o l y m e r s
M e t a l I m p r e g n a t i o n
q e > 1 2 t i m e s
U n m o d i f i e d U n m o d i f i e d B i o p o l y m e rB i o p o l y m e rC a p : 0 . 3 4 4 C a p : 0 . 3 4 4 m g / gm g / g
M o d i f i e d M o d i f i e d B i o p o l y m e r B i o p o l y m e r C a p : C a p : 4 . 1 1 m g / g 4 . 1 1 m g / g
O
OC H 2 O H
O HO
N H 2
H
H
H
H
O
OC H 2 O H
O HO
NH
H
H
H
H
O
OC H 2 O H
O HO
NH
H
H
H
HM O H
O
OC H 2 O H
O HO
NH
H
H
H
H
O
OC H 2 O H
O HO
NH
H
H
H
HM O H
B i o p o l y m e r s
M e t a l I m p r e g n a t i o n
q e > 1 2 t i m e s
Industrial WW
Chem.Eng. J. 129 (2007) 173-180
Break through
adsorption capacity vis-
à-vis alumina
DefluoridationDefluoridation of ALCOA wastewater using of ALCOA wastewater using ESM AdsorbentESM Adsorbent
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
0 5 10 15 20
Ce (mg/L)
q e (m
g/g)
Activated aluminaESM
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Ce (mg/L)
qe(m
g/g)
Acivated alumina
ESM
Comparison of Defluoridation of Simulated Wastewater using ESM and Activated Alumina
Comparison of Defluoridation of Wastewater (ALOCA, Italy) using ESM and Activated Alumina
Comparison of Defluoridation of Wastewater (ALOCA, Messena) using ESM and Activated Alumina
Type of wastewaterType of wastewater qqmaxmax (mg/g)(mg/g)
K (L/mg)K (L/mg) RR22
Simulated wastewaterSimulated wastewater 12.7212.72 3.233.23 0.980.98Italy wastewaterItaly wastewater 116.28116.28 0.0870.087 0.990.99MessanaMessana wastewaterwastewater 208.33208.33 0.0110.011 0.990.99
Langmuir Adsorption Constants for ESM and Activated Alumina ESM Activated alumina
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 5 10 15
Ce (mg/L)
q e (m
g/g)
ESM-AlActivated alumina
qqmaxmax (mg/g)(mg/g) K (L/mg)K (L/mg) RR22
0.230.23 18.4618.46 0.980.98-- -- --
38.0238.02 0.0190.019 0.970.97
Conditions:Conditions:Initial Initial conc.=F/SOconc.=F/SO44 /Cl/HCO/Cl/HCO22--
33 ==15/300/100/200 mg/L15/300/100/200 mg/L
CC00 =20.5 mg/L=20.5 mg/LCo=61.9mg/L
Joint PCT application NEERI-ALCOA
R&D Activities Related to HydrogenR&D Activities Related to Hydrogen
Appl. Catal. A, (2006)303,2,152-157.Catalysis Today (2007)Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells, 91, (2007) 180-190Int. J. Hydrogen Energy (2007)
Hydrogen from water(MITSUI sponsored project)
H2 generation to the tune of 2730 µmol/h/g
1 6 3 8
2 7 3 0
2 1 3 9
1 5 4 2
1 7 7 1
1 3 1
0
5 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 5 0 0
2 0 0 0
2 5 0 0
3 0 0 0
P 1 P 2 P 3 P 4 P 5 P 6T y p e o f p h o t o c a t a l y s t
H2
evol
ved
(um
ol/h
r/g T
iO 2)
Catalysis Lett., 105 (2005) 83-87J. Phy. Chem. B, 110 (7) (2005) 3689-96Int. J. Hydrogen Energy (2007)Chem. Eng. Sci. (2007)Patent Filed : 1Collaborative work with CRC Hokkaido
University, Japan
Transportation
(as LOH)
Near Ambient Conditions
Hydrogen Production at Centralized Facility
+ 3H2
Catalyst200OC
Hydrogen Supply to Fuel Cell Vehicles
+ 3H2Catalyst
300OC
Recycle of Aromatics
At Fueling Station
Aromatics as Solvent to Industries
Transportation
(as LOH)
Near Ambient Conditions
Hydrogen Production at Centralized Facility
+ 3H2
Catalyst200OC+ 3H2
Catalyst200OC
Hydrogen Supply to Fuel Cell Vehicles
+ 3H2Catalyst
300OC+ 3H2
Catalyst
300OC
Catalyst
300OC
Recycle of Aromatics
At Fueling Station
Aromatics as Solvent to Industries
H2 storage and supply through LOH(MNRE sponsored project)
High Capacity for Storage6-8 wt % and 62 kg/m3
Catalytic Materials for Diesel Exhaust Catalytic Materials for Diesel Exhaust Emission Control Emission Control
Particulate matter (PM) with SOF are the major diesel exhaust emissionsDiesel Particulate Filter (DPF) is the most potential option
“Catalytic DPF regeneration is essential to make DPF feasible”
Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF)
Soot oxidation catalyst- Challenges:* Low temperature soot oxidation* Chemical and thermal stability* Cost
DPF Limitations:* PM oxidation temperature : 550-6500C* Diesel exhaust temperature : 200-4000C* Energy requirement for regeneration
Potential users Potential entrepreneurs* Automobile industry * Catalyst manufacturers* Gen Set industry * DPF manufacturer
Topics in Catalysis, 2007; Studies in Surface Sci. & Catal., 2006Current Sci., 2006; SAE 2007; Catal. Surveys Asia, 2006; J. Colloid Surf. Sci. 2006
TPR a fter ag in g u n d er 100p pm NO+10% O2/N2(0.1L/m in ) fo r o vern ig h t
an d 100p pm NO+7% H2O+10% O2/N2 fo r 2h (0 .3L/m in ).
TPO = 100p pm NO+7% H2O+10% O2/N2, 0 .3L/m in , CB=5m g , 5K /m in
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650Temperature (C)
Co
nc
en
tr
at
io
n
(p
pm
)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
se
le
ct
iv
it
y
CO2-loggerCO-loggerCOx-loggerNONO2NOxCO2 sel.-Logger
T10 = 374C
T50 = 428C
T90 = 469C
CO2 se lectiv ity = 0.96
Catalyst Evaluations at AIST Japan
US Patent Filed
Dye sensitization
TiO2
R & D Activities under CSIR Network and R & D Activities under CSIR Network and Rural Development Rural Development ProgrammesProgrammes
Oceanic CO2Sequestration
through iron & zinc fertilization
(in collaboration with NIO, CMACCS, CCMB)
PhotocatalyticWater splitting for Hydrogen generation
Catalytic materials for controlof indoor emissions in rural homes
Role of Judiciary in Imparting Role of Judiciary in Imparting Environmental Justice (Contd.)Environmental Justice (Contd.)
The orders of the Supreme Court and the High Courts cover a wide range of areas including air, water, solid waste, hazardous wastes, forests, mining activities, and architectural treasures.Policy Statements of the government, which otherwise are not enforceable in Courts, have been used as aids by the Judges for interpreting environmental statutes and for spelling out obligations of the Government.
Doctrines Evolved by Courts:Doctrines Evolved by Courts:M.C.Mehta v. Kamal Nath, (1996) 1 SCC 38: In a case where an attempt was made to divert flow of a river for augmenting facilities at a motel, it was held that State and its instrumentalities as trustees have a duty to protect and preserve natural resources.MI Builders Pvt. Ltd. v. Radhey ShyamSahu, AIR 1996 SC 2468: a city development authority was asked to dismantle an underground market built beneath a garden of historical importance.
Doctrines Evolved by Courts:Doctrines Evolved by Courts:
Vellore Citizens Welfare Forum v. UOI, AIR 1996 SC 2718: The principle was adopted to check pollution of underground water caused by tanneries in Tamil Nadu.Narmada Bachao Andolan v. UOI, AIR 2000 SC 375: The Supreme Court held that the precautionary principle could not be applied to the decision for building a dam whose gains and losses were predictable and certain.
Assessment of Ground Water Quality Around Assessment of Ground Water Quality Around Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Site, Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Site,
Sponsored by CPCB, New DelhiSponsored by CPCB, New Delhi
Objectives
Assessment of ground water contamination due to landfill activity
Delineation of measures for controlling ground water pollution
Salient Findings of Post Monsoon Data
Chloride and TDS concentration exceeded the threshold limit in a few cases at Bhalswa dumping ground
Coliforms were present in a few samples of Bhalswa
Bhalswa Landfill Site
Gajipur Landfill Site
Doctrines Evolved by Doctrines Evolved by Courts:Courts:
The object of this principle is to make the polluter liable for the compensation to the victims as also for the cost of restoring of environmental degradation.Vellore Citizens Welfare Forum v. UOI, AIR 1996 SC 2718: It was held that the precautionary principle and the polluter pays principle are part of environmental law of the country.
Doctrines Evolved by Doctrines Evolved by Courts:Courts:
Absolute Liability Principle:M. C. Mehta v. UOI, AIR 1987 SC 1086 (OleumGas Leak Case): The principle was adopted to compensate victims of pollution caused by inherently dangerous industries.Narmada Bacho Andolan v. UOI, AIR 2000 SC 375: The Supreme Court held that the precautionary principle could not be applied to the decision for building a dam whose gains and losses were predictable and certain.
Doctrines Evolved by Doctrines Evolved by Courts:Courts:
Sustainable Development:M.C. Mehta v. UOI, AIR 1997 SC 734 (Taj Trapezium Case): while taking note of the disastrous effects that the emissions from the Mathura Oil Refinery had on the Taj Mahal, the Supreme Court applied the principle of sustainable development to the case, and apart from passing various directions, stepped in to execute and supervise the resultant actions. State of Himachal Pradesh v. Ganesh Wood Products, AIR 1996 SC 149, the Supreme Court invalidated forest based industry, recognizing the principle of inter-generational equity and sustainable development.
NEERINEERI’’ss Mission Mission contdcontd……
NEERI would continue to strive for NEERI would continue to strive for Dedicating itself in the service of mankind by Dedicating itself in the service of mankind by providing innovative and effective solutions to providing innovative and effective solutions to environmental and natural resource problems environmental and natural resource problems Leadership in environmental science, technology and Leadership in environmental science, technology and management domestically and globally by working management domestically and globally by working hand in hand with its partnershand in hand with its partnersStrong and effective working relationship with all its Strong and effective working relationship with all its stakeholders in ensuring ecological health of all stakeholders in ensuring ecological health of all regions in Indiaregions in IndiaStrive to enable individuals and organizations to Strive to enable individuals and organizations to achieve productive and sustainable use of natural achieve productive and sustainable use of natural resources on which all life and human activity dependresources on which all life and human activity depend
Atmospheric Brown Clouds Atmospheric Brown Clouds -- WorkshopWorkshop
Invitation to NEERI to participate in water study group of UNEP
Participation of 25 Experts from CSIR Labs, academic Institutionsand regulatory authorities of India
Current water scenario of India and assessment of impacts of Atmospheric Brown Clouds (ABC)
Formulation of methodologies for assessment of ABC impacts
Environmental Impact Assessment Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)(EIA)
There are two types of EIA models- the
statutory model which makes the assessment
of impact compulsory under an enacted law, or
a delegated legislation, and the administrative
model under which an administration exercises
its discretion to find out whether an impact
study is necessary. Till 1992, India was
following the administrative model of EIA.
Environmental Impact Assessment Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) (EIA) (contd.)(contd.)
On 27th January, 1994 a notification was issued dealing with
mandatory EIA. The notification requires project proponent
to submit an EIA report, and environment management plan,
details of the public hearing and a project report to the
impact assessment agency for clearance, further review by a
committee of experts in certain cases. By the amendment in
the year 1997, public hearing was made compulsory before
impact assessment was finalized. EIA Notification dated 14th
September, 2006 includes categories of projects which were not
in EIA Notification, 1994.