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Environmental Issues Facing the Middle East
•Water Pollution•Water Rights•Oil Pollution
Southwest Asia (The Middle East)Terms to Know – Part I
1. Scarcity – a shortage of a particular resource.
2. Water rights – agreements about how countries can use the water in a region. Water rights often cause political disputes.
3. Agriculture – farming4. Extraction – the process of removing
natural resources from the ground.
Southwest Asia (The Middle East)Terms to Know – Part I
5. Desalinization/desalination – the process of removing salt from sea water to make it suitable for drinking and irrigation.
6. Irrigation – the process by which water is transported from rivers, lakes, or other water supplies, to farms.
7. Market Economy – individuals own resources and determine what products to make and sell. Prices are determined by supply and demand.
8. Command Economy – the government owns all resources and determines what products to make, sell, and the price.
Southwest Asia (The Middle East)Terms to Know – Part I
9. Mixed Economy – individuals and government make economic decisions.
10.Service Industry – an industry that provides a service to people rather than producing goods.
11.OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) – an organization of oil producing countries that work to control the price of oil by controlling the supply of oil.
12.Trade Barriers – anything that restricts or limits trade – physical or political (done by a government).
Southwest Asia (The Middle East)Terms to Know – Part I
13.Embargo – order that completely stops trade.
14.Tariff – a tax added to the price of goods that are imported.
NB 43 – Connect w/TermsDirections: Copy this onto NB p.43 and use your terms from
p.42 to fill in the blanks.
1. OPEC extracts _____ in order to sell it to other countries.
2. When OPEC sells _____ (the resource they control), the money is used to build desalinization plants which are used to make fresh water for drinking and __________ (water for _______, which is another word for farming).
3. Sometimes selling _____ is difficult for OPEC due to ____________ barriers that are created by governments, like:_____________ - stops trade_____________ - taxes on imported goods.
Slotted Notes (NB p. 46)
• There is little fresh water in the Middle East.
• Most water is not suitable to drink.
• Many countries use desalination to get fresh water.
• Desalination: Process of removing salt from salt water.
Water
Water Pollution• Many cities are located along rivers for
water supply.• These cities have industries which pollute
the water• Because a lot of oil is shipped out of the
M.E., there are many oil spills which pollute the water.
Water Rights Water rights: Agreements about how countries
can use water in a region. Water is scarce and many countries depend on
the same source of water for living.
Many countries get into disputes over water rights.
Oil• Oil is the largest natural resource in the M.E.• People get oil through extraction.• Extraction: process of removing a natural
resource from the ground.
Oil Pollution• Oil is drilled out of the ground with
machinery. Machinery and refining oil causes pollution.
• Pollution from the oil industries has endangered the environment and the water supply in the M.E.
Economic Systems of Key Countries
1. Israel:• Mixed Economy• Government & private companies control the
economy.• Has High-tech Equipment and Diamond cutting• Service industries accounts for half of the
Economy. (Insurance, Banking, tourism).
2. Saudi Arabia• Mixed Economy• Main export: Oil• A leader in OPEC that attempts to
control the price of oil by controlling the supply of oil.
• Embargo – political trade barrier that stops trade between two countries
• Oil accounts for half of its economy.
• Sale of OIL helps to raise standard of living for its people: Education, defense, health, housing, and transportation!!!
3. Turkey• Similar to a command
economy because the government controls much of the economy. (Not a complete command economy though.)
• Farming is large part of the economy.
• Major industries: Clothing & textiles
• Service industry is half of Turkey’s economy.
• Aydin Dogan (entrepreneur who controls largest gas & oil company in Turkey).
Aydin Dogan
Economic Growth
1. ISRAEL:• War & immigrants hinder Israel’s economic
growth.• Government has taken control of certain
economic activities to help growth.• Government controls most activities of
agriculture.• This helps because there are few natural
resources.
3. Turkey
• After WWI Turkey invested money in weapons and steel.
• Government now gives private businesses more control.
• Entrepreneurs are important to Turkey’s economy.
2. Saudi Arabia• Making their economy
more diverse by Investing in more than just oil.
• 1976: The Saudi Basic Industries Corporation created.
• Country began to invest in capital goods like; steel, plastics, industrial gases, and petrochemicals.
Connect w/Notes NB p. 47
*In the Middle East (SW Asia) _______ is scarce, but ________ is abundant (large amount).
*Identify ways in which the extraction and sale of OIL is both a positive and a negative thing for SW Asia. – Think in terms of economics and environment.
Positive Negative
