Dr. FUJITA, Tsuyoshi fujita77@nies.go.jp

Head of Environmental Evaluation System Research Section,

National Institute for Environmental Science, Japan

Alliance Professor of Nagoya University

Visiting Professor at United Nations University

Professor for Graduate School of Engineering, Toyo Univ.

Dr. FUJITA, Tsuyoshi fujita77@nies.go.jp

Head of Environmental Evaluation System Research Section,

National Institute for Environmental Science, Japan

Alliance Professor of Nagoya University

Visiting Professor at United Nations University

Professor for Graduate School of Engineering, Toyo Univ.

Environmental Innovation Sent Out From Japan

Visions and Strategies for Cities

Environmental Innovation Sent Out From Japan

Visions and Strategies for Cities

1

7th Asia Pacific Eco-Business Forum

Kawasaki JAPAN , February 8th , 2011

Session 3: Green Innovation Sent Out From Kawasaki

2

Strategies Aimed at Becoming a Low-Carbon Society/JapanStrategies Aimed at Becoming a Low-Carbon Society/Japan

Japan’s long-term goal (long-term goal of 60%-80% reduction in Japan by 2050)

・In October 2010 the Cabinet approved a Basic Law for Prevention of Global Warming, aimed at a 25% reduction by 2020 and an 80% reduction by 2050.

●Development of innovative technologies and promotion of existing

advanced technologies (promotion of technological development, renewable

energies, and energy conservation)

●Structure to move the entire country toward becoming low-carbon

(emissions trading, tax system reform, making emissions visible)

●Power of outlying areas; initiatives by cities and other areas working

together

1930 19601990 2010 2020 2050

Mid-term goals

Long-term goals

Scenario of a 60-80%

reduction

Environmental

load

Greenhouse gas

Environmentally-friendly cities and regions require

environmental resources, proposals for infrastructure

that utilizes society’s resources, etc.

Using Area Action Plans to Handle Mid-Term Goals for

Becoming Low-Carbon

Using Area Action Plans to Handle Mid-Term Goals for

Becoming Low-Carbon

Prediction of future trends

Reduced volume through build-up

Creation of cities that will reduce carbon,

etc. (regional effects + emission trading)

3

Environmentally-Friendly Cities That Lead the Way for a Low-Carbon

Society

Environmentally-Friendly Cities That Lead the Way for a Low-Carbon

Society

• Changing from independent innovation to collaborative social

innovation

Technology Innovation→

System Innovation or Collective Innovation

• Hierarchal innovation toward a social system from best practice

4

Individual advanced

environmental technology (ex.:

wind power generation)

Individual advanced

environmental technology (ex.:

solar power generation)

Individual advanced technology

Individual environmental

technology innovation

Mid- and long-term low-

carbon targets

Collaborative innovation

that binds technologies

together

Regional innovation in

cities and other districts

Social innovation of

environmentally-friendly cities

5

Regional System for Recycling ResourcesEco-town and Eco-industrial Developments

Ordinary waste Companies in Kawasaki Eco-Town Industrial waste

Empty cans

Scrap vehicles

Waste household

electronic

appliances

Waste plastic

Plastic bottles

Waste paper

Sewage sludge

Other

Scrap metal

Waste plastic

Sludge

Ash dust

Scrap

Combustion

residue

Garbage collector

Other landfill site

(outside Kawasaki)Landfill site within the

city

Stainless-steel manufacturing

company

Incinerator

Highly treated water

Cement-manufacturing

company

Paper-manufacturing company

Automobile dismantling company

Home appliance recycling

company

Steel-manufacturing company

PET to PET recycling company

・Population: 1.38 million

people

・Ordinary waste:

532,000 t/year

Kawasaki CityC-press t/y

General waste

300,000 t/y

Mix paper 7,000 t/y

Incineration ash

Kawasaki City

・134 companies

4,643,000 ton/y

Kawasaki companies that produce

a lot of waste

Kawasaki companies that produce

a lot of waste

Waste metal

Surplus power

Paper sludge

t/y

Blast-furnace slag 5,000 t/y

Steel-manufacturing company

Sewage treatment facility

Example of an Eco-Town Project: Kawasaki Eco-TownFormation of a Regional Network for Resource Recycling

Example of an Eco-Town Project: Kawasaki Eco-TownFormation of a Regional Network for Resource Recycling

City Environmental DatabaseCity Environmental Database

・・・・・・・・Public/Social capital・・・・City/Economic capital・・・・Environmental capital

Public

facilities

City

Industry

Agriculture

Forestry

Forest/

Coastal

areas

Social technology Social technology

systemsystem

System, structure

Software technology

Environmental Environmental

technology systemtechnology system

Equipment, technology

(hardware technology)

Plan formulation

Combination of

effective

technology and

systems

Universalizing Experiences of the Low-Carbon City World, and Developing Plan Evaluation

Methods That Will Expand Into Regions (Ex.: Low-Carbon City Simulation Systems)

Universalizing Experiences of the Low-Carbon City World, and Developing Plan Evaluation

Methods That Will Expand Into Regions (Ex.: Low-Carbon City Simulation Systems)

Estimation of

developmental

distribution of

environmental

load, actions

Simulation of low-

carbon city

environment

technology

(Selection of

technology that reflects

the conditions of the

area)

Selection of Technologies and Selection of Technologies and

Systems, and Simulation SystemsSystems, and Simulation SystemsOption Plans for Option Plans for

City Policies, City Policies,

Evaluation Evaluation

Support Support

SystemsSystems

Policy

evaluation

Designing space-

time boundaries

Support for

consensus-

building

Ex.: SAS

Example of calculation of potential for utilization of

circular cement industry

3 4

0

【t-CO2/y】

500,000

600,000

700,000

800,000

900,000

1,000,000 137,000t/y

約約約約15％％％％のののの削減効果削減効果削減効果削減効果

36,000t/y 38,000t/y

燃焼（生産工程）

電力消費（生産工程）

輸送（生産工程）

燃焼（廃棄物処理）

輸送（廃棄物処理）

ケース0 ケース1 ケース2 ケース3

脱炭酸（生産工程）

廃棄物受入量(t/y)

輸送距離(km)

廃棄物転換率(重量%)

最大廃棄物転換率(重量%)

産業廃棄物処理量(t/y)

輸送距離(km)

一般廃棄物処理量(t/y)

輸送距離(km)川崎市内 神奈川県 関東圏 関東圏外

粘土系原料代替

産業廃棄物

ケース1 0 0 0 0 0 0%

処理される廃棄物

490000 52 0 0

ケース2 28,000 54,000 50,000 113,000 52 100% 245,000 52 0 0

ケース3 245,000 0 0 0 1.5 100% 245,000 52 0 0

ケース4 245,000 0 0 0 1.5 100% 245,000 52 0 0

燃料系原料代替廃棄物

ケース１ 0 0 0 0 0 0% 19380 50 18620 5.4

ケース2 0 0 0 12,000 50 10% 7360 50 18620 5

ケース3 7,360 0 0 12,000 31 14.60% 0 0 18620 5

ケース4

18,620

（ 一廃）0 0 0 5 40% 0 0 0 0

19,380

（ 産廃）

Example of Calculation of Effects of Circular Technology ①①①①:Use of Cement Materials from Ordinary Waste

Example of Calculation of Effects of Circular Technology ①①①①:Use of Cement Materials from Ordinary Waste

Creation of heat

islands

Excessive consumption

of energy

Excessive

consumption

of water

resources

Reduction of

plants’ ability

to grow

Matter

environment

flux

Water

environment

flux

Energy

environment

flux

Evaluation

using

environmental

analysis

models

Lowering of

groundwater

level

Increased generation

of waste

Lack of final disposal

sitesResource depletion

Based on city environment GIS databases and environmental analysis models, calculating environment flux from generation of environmental load, and building a process for a technology evaluation system for low-carbon cities

Base city SphereSphere

Technologies That Lower Carbon in a City’s Water, Matter, and Energy, and the

Effects of Such Technologies

Changes in

water

circulation

Effects caused by city

structuresWater-retentive pavement

City area energy controls

Planting trees and plants

Rooftop gardening

Broad-area resource circulation

Circulative industrial technologies

Planting trees and plants

Upgrading waste incinerators

Formation of green areas

○Space analysis system for water, heat energy, generation of waste environmental load, and movement○Setting a target area and calculating low-carbon effects per year for introduction of technology○System for providing information on technology evaluation systems to the government, citizens, and corporations 9

City environment GIS databaseIntegrated city environment

space analysis model

Inventory of technologies

and policies

System for evaluating effects

on the environment and

society

Observation of city heat

environment

Multi-scale analysis and

interaction between

different environments

(co-benefits)

Policy factors that combine

anti-pollution technologies,

environmental improvement

technologies and city

industrial technologies

Calculation of spatial

attribution of environmental

and economic effects, by

combining technology and

policiesWater environmentRivers (water quality

and amount)Groundwater (water

quality and amount)

Atmospheric

environment ・・・・Increase of artificial heat and exhaust gas

・・・・Reduction of amount of groundwater cultivated

・・・・Decline in amount of vegetation

・・・・Increase in amount of waste generated

City environment effects

・・・・Heat-island phenomenon・・・・Trans-boundary air pollution

・・・・Groundwater level change・・・・Land cover change・・・・Lack of disposal sites

Broad-area

environmental effects

・・・・Increase in CO2 emissions・・・・Elevation of average temperature

・・・・Increase in energy consumption

・・・・Resource depletion

Global environment

effects

○○○○Dispersed water processing technologies

○○○○Vegetation cleansing technologies

○○○○Bio-gas technologies

Bio-mass circulation

technologies

Green area

environment

○○○○Anti-pollution technology system inventory

○○○○Waste processing and disposal technologies

○○○○Sewage treatment

Anti-pollution

technologies

○○○○City area energy controls ○○○○Covering, improvement, and conservation of cities

and green areas

○○○○Technologies that utilize groundwater

City environment

technologies

○○○○City industrial symbiosis technologies

○○○○Resource-circulating-city industrial system

technologies

○○○○Eco-towns

Environment industrial

technologies

City infrastructure

Buildings

Industrial

circulation

Circular

technologiesInformation on

input resources

Information on

input fuel

City waste

Waste from ordinary

household activities

Ordinary waste

from business

activitiesCity waste

Sewage (water quality

and amount)

Temperature

HumidityWind direction and

speedDimensions of

parks and green

areasPositioning of parks

and green areasVegetation

How different

floors of buildings

are usedUse of buildings

Building

structures

Use of landTransportation

network

Population

Model of city

transport and

transportation

(social engineering)

Model of water, air,

and heat movement

(environmental

science)

Research collaboration with and expansion to Asian cities for “city environment GIS database systems” and

“technology evaluation models”

Research Expansion in Kawasaki City Since 2006, Cooperation Agreement

January 2009

太平洋セメント㈱熊谷工場

Chichibu Taiheiyo Cement

Corporation

Chichibu Plant

Mitsubishi Materials

Corporation

Yokoze Plant

太平洋セメント㈱埼玉工場

D.C. Corporation

Kawasaki Plant

Nippon Steel Corporation

Kimitsu Works

JFE Steel Corporation

East Japan Works, Keihin

JFE Steel Corporation

East Japan Works, Chiba

～1970s

1980s

1990s

2000s

Cement manufacturing

facilityIron and steel

manufacturing facility

(blast furnace / coke

oven)

Amounts of other plastic

emissions

Industrial facilities - 100(t/y)

(t/y)

101 - 200

201 - 300

301 - 400

401 -

Incineration disposal

facilities

Generates powerCO_M_PLACO_M_PLACO_M_PLACO_M_PLA- 50

51 - 150

151 - 300

301 - 450

451 -

Incineration facilities (Ministry of the Environment: 2005)

Cement manufacturing facilities (Cement Almanac: 2008)

Iron and steel manufacturing facilities (Iron and Steel Almanac: 2008)

Population distribution mesh (National Census: 2005)

Amount of ordinary waste emissions (Ministry of the Environment: 2006)

Other plastic composition ratio (Nikkan C: 1999)

Information Systems that Contribute to Building Regional Circulation (1)Regional Databases of Information on Distribution of Circulating Resources and

Information on Industrial Facilities that are Bases for Circulation

Information Systems that Contribute to Building Regional Circulation (1)Regional Databases of Information on Distribution of Circulating Resources and

Information on Industrial Facilities that are Bases for Circulation

Product services

(materials,

energy)

Recyclable

resources, waste

heat

Concentrated business

environment model district

Rural area

base

Creating packages of low-carbon measures and policies that

suit the characteristics of the regionLow-carbon environment model districts that utilize the characteristics of the region

Creating packages of low-carbon measures and policies that

suit the characteristics of the regionLow-carbon environment model districts that utilize the characteristics of the region

Symbiotic housing

environment model district

Agriculture and forestry

collaborative environment

model district

Industrial collaborative

environment model district

12

Image of Functions of an Industry Collaborative Low-Carbon Model District

(Resource Circulation)

Image of Functions of an Industry Collaborative Low-Carbon Model District

(Resource Circulation)

Border of Tonomachi District

Distribution district Distribution district

Area for research and development

concerning the environment and life sciences (8.3ha)

District for business

and research and

development (6.7ha)Facility

for

sale of goods

HotelResearch and

business facility

Research and

business facility

Heat supply and

control center functions

(future guidance)

Trash

incineration

plant

Smart

resource-circulation

base

Neighboring District B

(housing)

Neighboring District

A (housing and

businesses)

Heat supply

to a broad area

Methane

fermentation

facility

Facility

for exchange

and

sale of goods

Research and

business facility Hotel

Reprocessed resin

河川

Regional

managemen

t center

Mixing

facility

Heat aggregation

center functions

Heat conduit

Solar power generation

and heat supply

Food

processing plant

Waste plastic, waste misc. paper

Residue

Incineration

exhaust

heat

City gas

Food waste

Food waste

Information on solid raw materials and fuel

Information on heat supply

Information on quality

Information on power generation and heat manufacturing

Information on

heat manufacturingAmounts of supply and demand for heat

Driving information

Driving information

Collection vehicleIncinerated trash

Business and

commerce exchange

district (5.6ha)

Indication of place for delivery

＊Reduction of costs by a high operation rate and

utilization of waste heat

＊Moderation effect of changes in supply and demand for heat

Indication of ratios of electric power and heat

(when there is an insufficient

amount of generated heat)

Information flow

Matter flow (collection)

Matter flow (supply)

Energy flow (heat)

Energy flow (electricity, gas)

Collection vehicle

Iron and steel Cement

Plant exhaust heatSolid raw materials and fuel

＊Use of highly-efficient, stable, low-cost resource circulation by

utilizing existing facilities

Collection vehicleIncineration exhaust heat

Image of the Circular City Planned in China’s Shenyang City

(Population: 7 million)

Image of the Circular City Planned in China’s Shenyang City

(Population: 7 million)

Waste plastic and plastic bottles

Waste paper

Bio-mass

Metal

Hazardous items

Various residues

Discharged water

Re-used water

High-temperature heat source

Low-temperature heat source

Heat conduit (hot water)

Heat conduit (cold water)

Waste

Public facility and business area

50ha

Public facility and business area

50ha

循环流化床循环流化床循环流化床循环流化床（（（（ＣＦＢＣＦＢＣＦＢＣＦＢ））））

发电厂发电厂发电厂发电厂

循环流化床循环流化床循环流化床循环流化床（（（（循环流化床循环流化床循环流化床循环流化床（（（（ＣＦＢＣＦＢＣＦＢＣＦＢＣＦＢＣＦＢＣＦＢＣＦＢ））））））））

发电厂发电厂发电厂发电厂发电厂发电厂发电厂发电厂

焚烧厂焚烧厂焚烧厂焚烧厂焚烧厂焚烧厂焚烧厂焚烧厂焚烧厂焚烧厂焚烧厂焚烧厂

水泥厂水泥厂水泥厂水泥厂水泥厂水泥厂水泥厂水泥厂水泥厂水泥厂水泥厂水泥厂

塑料精选塑料精选塑料精选塑料精选塑料精选塑料精选塑料精选塑料精选塑料精选塑料精选塑料精选塑料精选

木屑建筑垃圾木屑建筑垃圾木屑建筑垃圾木屑建筑垃圾木屑建筑垃圾木屑建筑垃圾木屑建筑垃圾木屑建筑垃圾木屑建筑垃圾木屑建筑垃圾木屑建筑垃圾木屑建筑垃圾

精明资源循环设施精明资源循环设施精明资源循环设施精明资源循环设施精明资源循环设施精明资源循环设施精明资源循环设施精明资源循环设施精明资源循环设施精明资源循环设施精明资源循环设施精明资源循环设施

园区热供给园区热供给园区热供给园区热供给中心中心中心中心

园区热供给园区热供给园区热供给园区热供给园区热供给园区热供给园区热供给园区热供给中心中心中心中心中心中心中心中心

Resource circulation area

100ha

Resource circulation area

100ha

Green areaGreen Green areaarea

Green areaGreen Green areaarea

都市国都市国都市国都市国际际际际研究中心研究中心研究中心研究中心都市国都市国都市国都市国都市国都市国都市国都市国际际际际际际际际研究中心研究中心研究中心研究中心研究中心研究中心研究中心研究中心

甲烷发酵甲烷发酵甲烷发酵甲烷发酵甲烷发酵甲烷发酵甲烷发酵甲烷发酵甲烷发酵甲烷发酵甲烷发酵甲烷发酵

短纤维制造短纤维制造短纤维制造短纤维制造短纤维制造短纤维制造短纤维制造短纤维制造短纤维制造短纤维制造短纤维制造短纤维制造PETPETPETPET循环利用循环利用循环利用循环利用PETPETPETPETPETPETPETPET循环利用循环利用循环利用循环利用循环利用循环利用循环利用循环利用

废家电废家电废家电废家电回收回收回收回收

废家电废家电废家电废家电废家电废家电废家电废家电回收回收回收回收回收回收回收回收

废旧汽车废旧汽车废旧汽车废旧汽车回收回收回收回收

废旧汽车废旧汽车废旧汽车废旧汽车废旧汽车废旧汽车废旧汽车废旧汽车回收回收回收回收回收回收回收回收 荧光灯荧光灯荧光灯荧光灯

回收回收回收回收荧光灯荧光灯荧光灯荧光灯荧光灯荧光灯荧光灯荧光灯回收回收回收回收回收回收回收回收

铝精炼铝精炼铝精炼铝精炼铝精炼铝精炼铝精炼铝精炼铝精炼铝精炼铝精炼铝精炼金属精选金属精选金属精选金属精选金属精选金属精选金属精选金属精选金属精选金属精选金属精选金属精选

废水处理废水处理废水处理废水处理废水处理废水处理废水处理废水处理废水处理废水处理废水处理废水处理

Green areaGreen area

Green areaGreen area

Residential area

70ha

Residential area

70ha

1.5km 2.0km

・Circulation of resources and energy・Rejuvenation of the community people live in

・Formation of substantial mutual assistance (territorial power)

15

Aiming for Environmental Innovation Sent Out From

Kawasaki

Aiming for Environmental Innovation Sent Out From

Kawasaki

○Expansion of Japan’s package of “environmental innovation”

technologies and measures into other places in Asia by forming low-

carbon cities

‐Formation of concentrated social demonstration models of environmental innovation, by forming low-carbon model districts

○Shared knowledge about low-carbon and complementary effects,

through environmental city collaboration among Japan, other Asian

countries, Europe, and North America

－Space formation that improves the effects of city and environmental technologies (smart zoning), and regional management systems

‐Lenient environmental project finance system that includes parties that benefit from indirect or internal low-carbon effects and environmental effects

－－－－Low-carbon that includes district management (independence)

Governance system

○Expansion of Japan’s package of “environmental innovation”

technologies and measures into other places in Asia by forming low-

carbon cities

‐Formation of concentrated social demonstration models of environmental innovation, by forming low-carbon model districts

○Shared knowledge about low-carbon and complementary effects,

through environmental city collaboration among Japan, other Asian

countries, Europe, and North America

－Space formation that improves the effects of city and environmental technologies (smart zoning), and regional management systems

‐Lenient environmental project finance system that includes parties that benefit from indirect or internal low-carbon effects and environmental effects

－－－－Low-carbon that includes district management (independence)

Governance system

Main Dissertations, Etc. Related to Today’s PresentationMain Dissertations, Etc. Related to Today’s Presentation

• Tsuyoshi Fujita, Chen Xudong, Takahiro Ukai, Rie Arai；Review Aimed at Formation of Regional Circular Areas, and System Proposals; Compilation of Lectures from the 38th Presentation of Dissertations on Environmental System

Research, pp.145-148，1023.2010

• Tsuyoshi Fujita, Minoru Fujii, Yujiro Hirano, Chen Xudong, Satoshi Onishi；Evaluation of Environmental Technology Policies Aimed at Achieving Co-Benefit Cities – Calculation Example for Kawasaki City; Compilation of Outlines of

Research Presented at the 2010 Meeting of the Society of Environmental Science, pp.12，0916.2010

• Ying Sun, Masashi Watabe, Tsuyoshi Fujita；Research on Factors for Promoting Environmentally-Conscious Operations by Small- and Mid-Size Companies – Example of Kawasaki City; Compilation of Outlines of Research

Presented at the 2010 Meeting of the Society of Environmental Science，pp.61，0917.2010

• Rene Van Berkel, Tsuyoshi Fujita, Shizuka Hashimoto, Minoru Fujii；Quantitative Assessment of Urban and Industrial Symbiosis in Kawasaki, Japan, Environmental Science & Technology , Vol.43, No.5, 2009 ,pp.1271-1281,0129.2009

• Rene van Berkel, Tsuyoshi Fujita, Shizuka Hashimoto, Yong Geng；Industrial and Urban Symbiosis in Japan : Analysis of the Eco-Town Program 1997-2006；Journal of Environmental Management, vol.90,pp.1544-1556,2009

• Shizuka Hashimoto, Tsuyoshi Fujita, Yong Geng, Emiri Nagasawa； Achieving CO2 Emission Reduction through Industrial Symbiosis: A Case of Kawasaki , Journal of Environmental Management, 2008 (submitted)

• Yong Geng, Rene Van Berkel , Tsuyoshi Fujita ；Regional Initiatives on Promoting Cleaner Production in China: ACase of Liaoning, Journal of Cleaner Production, 2008 (submitted)

• Zhu Qinghua, Yong Geng, Tsuyoshi Fujita , Shizuka Hashimoto ；Green supply chain management in leading manufacturers: Case studies in Japanese large companies, International Journal of Sustainable Development and

World Ecology, 2008 (submitted)

• Yong Geng, Pang Zhang, Raymond P. Cote, Tsuyoshi Fujita；Assessment of the National Eco-industrial Park Standards for Promoting Industrial Symbiosis in China, J. of Industrial Ecology, Vol.13, No.1, pp.15-26, 2008

• Looi-Fang Wong, Tsuyoshi Fujita, Kaiquin Xu； Evaluation of regional bio-energy recovery by local methane fermentation thermal recycling systems, Journal of Waste Management,vol.28, pp.2259-2270, 2008

Thank you for your attention.