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Project No: AESPL/EIA/14/INF/002
Environmental Impact Assessment Report
Proposed Integrated Treatment Storage and Disposal Facility
Bas
elin
e M
onito
ring
: Su
mm
er 2
014-
2015
By
M/s Vapi Waste and Effluent Management Company Ltd.
Plot nos. 2519/P to 3432, GIDC Industrial Estate Phase IV, Vapi, Ta. Pardi, Dist. Valsad,
Gujarat - 396 195 October - 2015
Environmental Consultant: M/s Aditya Environmental Service Pvt. Ltd. Mumbai
Environmental Impact Assessment Report Integrated TSDF, GIDC Vapi Vapi Waste and Effluent Management Company Ltd.
Declaration of EIA Consultant
Environmental Consultant Page i Aditya Environmental Services Pvt. Ltd.
Declaration by Experts contributing to the EIA ‘Proposed Integrated Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facility by Vapi Waste and Effluent Management Company Ltd.’
I, hereby, certify that I was a part of the EIA Team in the following capacity that developed the above EIA.
EIA Coordinator:
Name: Dr. Shobha Kamath
Signature & Date:31st October, 2015
Period of involvement: since June, 2012
Contact information: 022 – 42127500 E-mail:[email protected]
Functional Area Experts:
S.N. Functional Areas
Name of the Expert/s Involvement (Period& Task**)
Signature & Date
1 AP* Rajiv Aundhe Since June, 2012 2 WP* Rajiv Aundhe Since June, 2012
3 SHW* Rajiv Aundhe Since June, 2012 4 SE* Ms. Anju Chawhan Since January, 2015
5 EB* N. K. Shendye Since January, 2015
6 HG* ShrivallabhKothe Since May, 2015
7 GS* -- -- -- 8 AQ* SudhirVerma Since April, 2015
9 NV* Rajiv Aundhe Since June, 2012
10 LU* Ms. Bela Pharate Since May, 2015
11 RH* D. K. Joshi Since August, 2015
NOTE : (*) Full forms of abbreviations given on Next Page (**) Tasks for each Functional Area Expert given on Next Page
Declaration be the Head of the Accredited Consultant Organization
Environmental Impact Assessment Report Integrated TSDF, GIDC Vapi Vapi Waste and Effluent Management Company Ltd.
Declaration of EIA Consultant
Environmental Consultant Page ii Aditya Environmental Services Pvt. Ltd.
I, Rajiv V. Aundhe, hereby, confirm that the above mentioned experts prepared the EIA for ‘Proposed Integrated Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facility by Vapi Waste and Effluent Management Company Ltd.’ I also confirm that I shall be fully accountable for any misleading information mentioned in this statement.
Name: Rajiv V. Aundhe Designation: Director Name of the EIA Consultant Organization: Aditya Environmental Service Pvt. Ltd. NABET Certificate No.& Issue Date: NABET S.N. (3) as per QCI website.
S.N. Functional Area Code
Complete Name of the Functional Areas
Tasks
1 AP Air Pollution Prevention, Monitoring & Control
Assessing baseline ambient air quality, likely stack emission, possible impacts and control measures
2 WP Water Pollution Prevention, Control & Prediction of Impacts
Assessing baseline surface/ground water quality, possible impacts and control measures
3 SHW Solid Waste and Hazardous Waste Management
Assessing solid/hazardous waste generation, treatment and disposal
4 SE Socio-Economics Assessing baseline Socio-economic, demographic position, impacts and CSR plan/measures for transfer of social benefits
5 EB Ecology and Biodiversity Assessing baseline biodiversity, impacts and biodiversity management plans
6 HG Hydrology, ground Water & Water Conservation
Assessing baseline hydrogeological situation in study area, likely impacts and management plans
7 GEO Geology -- 8 SC Soil Conservation -- 9 AQ Meteorology, Air Quality
Modeling & Prediction Assessing nature and scale of impacts on ambient air quality through modeling
10 NV Noise/ Vibration Assessing baseline ambient noise quality, possible sources, likely impacts and control measures
11 LU Land Use Assessing baseline Land use - Land cover possible impacts and control measures
12 RH Risk Assessment & Hazard Management
Risk Analysis of the proposed facility, proposed safety measures, formulation of a disaster management plan
Environmental Impact Assessment Report Integrated TSDF, GIDC Vapi Vapi Waste and Effluent Management Company Ltd.
Acknowledgement
Environmental Consultant Aditya Environmental Services Pvt. Ltd.
Acknowledgement
Aditya Environmental Services Pvt. Ltd. is thankful to the following persons* and Govt. Departments who have contributed directly or indirectly to conducting the EIA Study and preparation of the EIA Report.
• Ajay Bhatt VWEMCL, Vapi • Census of India
• Col. Ravindra Jain VWEMCL, Vapi • Deepak Davda VWEMCL, Vapi • Dhaval Naik Enpro Enviro Tech and Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat
• Hardik Shah GPCB, Gandhinagar • India Meteorology Department, Pune • Jyoti Mistry VWEMCL, Vapi • Kirit Dave VWEMCL, Vapi • Nihar Mehta VWEMCL, Vapi • Prof. Gaurang Ban Ahmedabad • Rajesh Doshi VWEMCL, Vapi • Rajender Datrika VWEMCL, Vapi • Rujul Bhatt Precitech laboratories Pvt. Ltd., Vapi
• Shankar Lal Bajaj Ahmedabad • Sharad Thakkar VWEMCL, Vapi • Trushit Desai Enpro Enviro Tech and Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Surat
• Geo Engineering Services, Vadodara • National Remote Sensing Centre, Hyderabad
• Survey of India, Pune • Zila Panchayat, Valsad
*Listed in alphabetical order
Environmental Impact Assessment Report Integrated TSDF, GIDC Vapi Vapi Waste and Effluent Management Company Ltd.
Index
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Index
Chapters
Sr. No. Title Page No. Chapter 1 - Introduction
1.0 Purpose of the Report 1 1.1 Project and Project Proponent 1 1.2 Nature, Size and Location of the Project 1 1.3 Importance of the Project to the Country and Region 2 1.4 Scope of the Study 3
Chapter 2 - Project Description 2.1 Aspects of the Project likely to cause Environmental Effects 1
2.1.1 Type of Project 1 2.1.2 Need for the Project 2 2.2 Location of the Project 3 2.3 Size and Magnitude of Operation 4 2.4 Project Schedule for Approval and Implementation 4 2.5 Description of Technology and Process 4
2.5.1 Landfill 8 2.5.2 Incinerator, Co-generation, MEE and Power Generation 10 2.5.3 Utilities Requirement 18 2.5.4 Mitigation Measures incorporated into the Project 22
Chapter 3 - Description of the Environment 3.1 Study Area, Period, Components and Methodology 1
3.1.1 Study Area 1 3.1.2 Period of Baseline Monitoring, Components and Methodology 1 3.2 Baseline for Valued Environmental Components 4
3.2.1 Topography 4 3.2.2 Drainage 4 3.2.3 Regional Geology 5 3.2.4 Weather and Climate 9 3.2.5 Landuse, Landcover 11 3.2.6 Ambient Air Environment 12 3.2.7 Noise 18 3.2.8 Surface Water Quality 19 3.2.9 Ground Water Quality 22
3.2.10 Soil Quality 26 3.2.11 Ecology and Biodiversity 27 3.2.12 Socio Economic Environment 28
Chapter 4 - Anticipated Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures 4.1 Details of Environmental Impacts 1
Environmental Impact Assessment Report Integrated TSDF, GIDC Vapi Vapi Waste and Effluent Management Company Ltd.
Index
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4.1.1 Environmental Impacts due to Project Location 1 4.1.2 Environmental Impacts due to Project Design and Regular Operation 2 4.1.3 Environmental Impacts due to Possible Accidents 2 4.1.4 Environmental Impacts due to Project Construction 3 4.1.5 Environmental Impacts due to Final Decommissioning and Rehabilitation 3 4.2 Measures for Minimising and/or Offsetting Adverse Impacts Identified 4 4.3 Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitments of Environmental Components4 4 4.4 Assessment of Significance of Impacts 8
4.4.1 Mathematical Modeling for Incinerator stack gas dispersal 9 4.5 Mitigation Measures 12
Chapter 5– Analysis of Alternatives 5.1 Site Selection for the Integrated TSDF 1 5.2 Alternative Technology for Construction of Landfill 4 5.3 Alternative Technology for Incineration, MEE and Power generation 5
Chapter 6 – Environmental Monitoring Plan 6.1 Technical Aspects of Monitoring 1 6.2 Emergency Procedure, Detailed Budget and Procurement Schedule 1
Chapter 7–Additional Studies 7.1 Public Consultation 1 7.2 Risk Assessment 1 7.3 Social Impact Assessment, R&R Action Plan 2
Chapter 8–Project Benefits 8.1 Improvement in Physical Infrastructure 1 8.2 Improvement in Social Infrastructure 2 8.3 Employment Potential – Skilled, Semi Skilled and Unskilled 2
Chapter 9–Environmental Cost benefit Analysis 9.1 Construct of the Project Cost Benefit Analysis 1
Chapter 10 – Environment Management Plan 10.1 Administrative Control of EMP Implementation 1
Chapter 11– Executive Summary 11.0 Vapi Waste and Effluent Management Company Ltd. 1 11.1 Proposed Project 1 11.2 Need for the Project 1 11.3 Statutory Clearances 3 11.4 Integrated Waste Management Facility 3 11.5 Baseline Environment Studies for EIA 5
11.5.1 Hydrology 5 11.5.2 Geology and Soil 5 11.5.3 Land Use 6 11.5.4 Meteorology 6 11.5.5 Ambient Air Quality 6 11.5.6 Ambient Noise Quality 8 11.5.7 Water Quality 8
11.5.7A Surface water 8 11.5.7B Ground water 9 11.5.8 Soil Quality 10
Environmental Impact Assessment Report Integrated TSDF, GIDC Vapi Vapi Waste and Effluent Management Company Ltd.
Index
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11.5.9 Biological Environemnt 10 11.5.10 Socio-Economic Environment 11
11.6 Impact and Mitigation Measures 11 11.6.1 Impacts due to Location 11 11.6.2 Impacts due to Possible Accidents 11 11.6.3 Impacts due to Construction 12 11.6.3 Impacts due to Decommissioning and Rehabilitation 12 11.7 Measures for Minimising and/or Offsetting Adverse Impacts Identified 12
11.7A Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitments of Environmental Components 13 11.7B Assessment of Significance of Impacts 13 11.8A Site Alternatives 14 11.8B Alternative Technology 14 11.9 Environmental Monitoring Plan 14
Chapter 12– Disclosure of Consultants 12.0 EIA Consultant 1 12.1 Range of Services 1
12.1.1 Environmental Planning Studies 1 12.1.2 Policy Planning Studies 1 12.1.3 EIA and EMP 2 12.1.4 Risk Assessment Studies 3 12.1.5 On Site/Off Site Emergency Management Plan 3 12.1.6 Environment, Health and Safety Audits 3 12.1.7 Dispersion Modeling Studies 3 12.1.8 Environmental Due Diligence Audits 4 12.1.9 Environmental Training and Awareness 4 12.1.10 Project Management Consultancy for installing Effluent Treatment Plant 4 12.1.11 Environmental Monitoring Surveys 5 12.1.12 Compliance Services 5
Tables
Table No.
Title Page No.
Chapter 2 - Project Description 2.1 Technical details of the proposed Landfill 9 2.2 2 Technical details of Incinerator, Co-generation, MEE and Power generation 10 2.3 Inbuilt Mitigation Measures 22
Chapter 3 – Description of Environment 3.1 Environmental Components for Baseline Study and Source of Information 1 3.2 Geological Succession ofValsad District 5 3.3 Month wise Spread of Decadal Rainfall 9 3.4 Climatological Data Representative of Site 10 3.5 Landuse/landcover of the Impact Area 12 3.6 AAQ Sampling Stations 15 3.7 Method of Sampling and Analysis of AAQ parameters 15 3.8 Ambient Air Monitoring results (Period - Summer 2014) 16
Environmental Impact Assessment Report Integrated TSDF, GIDC Vapi Vapi Waste and Effluent Management Company Ltd.
Index
Environmental Consultant Page iv Aditya Environmental Services Pvt. Ltd.
3.9 National Ambient Air Quality Standards (CPCB, 2009) 18 3.10 Noise Monitoring Results [Leq (dB [A])] (Period - Summer 2014) 18 3.11 Surface Water Sampling Stations 19 3.12 Surface Water Analysis results (Period – Summer 2015) 21 3.13 Ground Water Sampling Stations 23 3.14 Ground Water Analysis results (Period – Summer 2015) 24 3.15 Soil Sampling Stations 26 3.16 Soil Analysis results (Period – Summer 2015) 26
Chapter 4 - Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures 4.1 Stack parameters for modeling input 9 4.2 Highest ground concentration values of Pollutants 9
Chapter 5–Analysis of Alternatives 5.1 Site Alternatives for Integrated TSDF Site 1 5.2 Knock-out Criteria for Site Alternatives for integrated TSDF 3
Chapter 6–Environmental Monitoring Programme 6.1 Environmental Monitoring of Incinerator 1 6.2 Environmental Monitoring of Landfill 3
Chapter 9 – Environmental Cost benefit Analysis 9.1 Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis 3
Chapter 10 – Environment Management Plan 10.1 Environment Management Plan 2
Chapter 11 – Executive Summary 11.1 Salient Features of the Project 2 11.2 Technical Details of Landfill 4 11.3 Technical Details of Incinerator, Co-generation, MEE and Power Generation 4 11.4 AAQ Sampling Stations 6 11.5 Ambient Air Monitoring Results (Period - Summer 2014) 7 11.6 Surface Water Sampling Stations 8 11.7 Ground Water Sampling Stations 10 11.8 Environmental Monitoring of Incinerator 15 11.9 Environmental Monitoring of Landfill 15
Figures
Figure Title Page No. Chapter 1- Introduction
1.1 Location of the present Landfill and proposed integrated TSDF site 2 1.2 Location of the proposed integrated TSDF site 2 1.3 Key Infrastructure Map of the Impact Area 5
Chapter 2 - Project Description 2.1 Location of Existing and Proposed Landfill 2
2.2 A, B Location of the Proposed Site 5 2.2 C Location of the Proposed Site 6 2.3 Proposed Layout of the Project 7 2.4 Sections of the Landfill 12 2.5 General Material Movement Scheme of the Integrated TSDF 13 2.6 Typical view of the Incinerator 14
Environmental Impact Assessment Report Integrated TSDF, GIDC Vapi Vapi Waste and Effluent Management Company Ltd.
Index
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2.7 Typical view of the WHRB installation 16 2.8 Water Balance 21
Chapter 3 - Description of Environment 3.1 Key Map of Impact Area 3 3.2 Contour Survey of Project Site 7 3.3 Borewell near Project Site 6 3.4 Basalt Exposure with Spheroidal Weathered Boulders separated by Prominent
Joints 8
3.5 Month wise spread of Decadal Rainfall 10 3.6 Windrose of Study Area, Winter, 2014 11 3.7 False Colour Composite (FCC) Satellite Image of the Impact Area 13 3.8 Landuse/ Landcover Map of the Impact Area 14 3.9 Landuse of the Impact Area 12 3.10 AAQ Sampling location in the Impact Area 16 3.11 Surface water sampling location in the Impact Area 20 3.12 Ground water sampling location in the Impact Area 23
Chapter 4 - Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures 4.1 Isopleths for SO2 5 4.1 Isopleths for NOx 10 4.1 Isopleths for PM 11 4.2 Modified Leopold Matrix 11
Chapter 5 – Analysis of Alternatives 5.1 Relative Locations of the three Alternate Sites 2 5.2 Closer view of Alternate Site A 2 5.3 Closer view of Alternate Site B 3 5.4 Typical embankment wall of the proposed landfill 4 5.5 Paramesh Wall for Landfill embankment 5
Chapter 6–Environmental Monitoring Programme 6.1 Location of the ambient air monitoring stations in operation phase of the TSDF 5 6.2 Soil sampling location in operation phase of the TSDF 6 6.3 Location of plantation of indicator species in operation phase of TSD 7
Chapter 10–Environment Management Plan 10.1 EM Cell during Operation Phase 10
Environmental Impact Assessment Report Integrated TSDF, GIDC Vapi Vapi Waste and Effluent Management Company Ltd.
Environmental Consultant Aditya Environmental Services Pvt. Ltd.
Chapter 01
Introduction
Environmental Impact Assessment Report Integrated TSDF, GIDC Vapi Vapi Waste and Effluent Management Company Ltd.
Chapter 01 Introduction
Environmental Consultant Page 1 Aditya Environmental Services Pvt. Ltd.
Chapter 01
Introduction
1.0 Purpose of the Report
This Report documents and presents outcomes of the Environmental Impact Assessment process carried
out for establishment of a greenfield, integrated Treatment Storage and Disposal Facility proposed inside
a notified industrial estate at Vapi, ta. Pardi, Dist. Valsad, Gujarat.
1.1 Project and Project Proponent
M/s Vapi Waste and Effluent Management Company Ltd., a non-equity and non-profit society of
members of Vapi Industrial Area is operating a common-user secured landfill of 900,000 MT capacity on
plot no. 4807 in GIDC, Phase IV, Vapi, Ta. Pardi, Distt. Valsad, Gujarat since 1999-2000. The landfill
laid out on 10.3 ha land provides TSDF services to 515 member units of Vapi GIDC. Location of the
landfill within GIDC is shown in Figure 1.1. The Figure also shows location of the proposed integrated
TSDF site with respect to the existing landfill. The existing landfill is approaching its design capacity at
an average in-fill rate of 15,000 MT/month.
1.2 Nature, Size and Location of the Project
M/s VWEMCL is proposing a new landfill of 20,10,000 MT capacity over a 14.5 ha land over Plot nos.
2519/P to 3432 (48 contagious survey numbers) within industrial estate of Vapi GIDC. The facility will
also have an incineration system of about 15 tons/hr, a waste heat recovery boiler of about 17 tons steam
output/hr, a Multiple Effect Evaporator of about 7.5 kl/hr and a Steam Turbine driven Electrical
Generator System of about 2 MW.
The proposed site is approachable through a two lane road passing from front of the plot. Vapi Railway
Station (BG) is about 5.2 km east from the site. Surat civil airport is about 140 km north and Indian Coast
Guard Air Station, Daman Airstrip is about Approx 14.1 km southwest of the proposed location.
Location of the proposed integrated TSDF site is given in Figure 1.2. Key infrastructure map of an area
within 10 km radius from the centre of the site, the impact area identified for EIA of the proposed site is
given in Figure 1.3.
Environmental Impact Assessment Report Integrated TSDF, GIDC Vapi Vapi Waste and Effluent Management Company Ltd.
Chapter 01 Introduction
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Figure 1.1 Location of the present Landfill and proposed integrated TSDF site
Figure 1.2 Location of the proposed integrated TSDF site
1.3 Importance of the Project to the Country and Region
The existing landfill under operation is approaching its design capacity at an average in-fill rate of 15,000
MT/month. A new landfill is required to continue the hazardous waste storage and disposal service
provided by the current landfill to its member units.
There is an acute need for a common-user Hazardous Waste Incineration facility to serve about 16
GIDCs, numerous private industrial estates and isolated industries and 5 SEZs within 125 km catchment
Environmental Impact Assessment Report Integrated TSDF, GIDC Vapi Vapi Waste and Effluent Management Company Ltd.
Chapter 01 Introduction
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of Vapi GIDC. The voluminous and toxic incinerable hazardous waste from south Gujarat is presently
being transported to the common user Incinerators of M/s BEIL, Ankleshwar GIDC about 180 km and of
M/s SEPPL, Samakhiyali, Kutch about 620 km, which is a wasteful practice; is unfavourable
transportation economics and also a large hazardous exposure on the already busy road transport
infrastructure of the state.
A judicious integration of components of the TSDF is sought to optimise utilization of sensible heat from
the Incinerator for production of high-pressure steam which will serve another effluent disposal function
in operation of MEE and will produce electrical power to surpass operation requirement of the system and
be a power – positive project. The project will also gainfully utilise the non-hazardous plastic waste
stream from paper industries as auxiliary fuel
The project will give continued employment to the workers who will be rendered jobless after closure of
the existing landfill. Details about Need of the Project are given in Section 2.1.2, Chapter 2 of the Report.
1.4 Scope of the Study
The proposed activity is covered in the schedule of EIA Notification, 2006 (amended 2009, 2011, 2013,
2014, 2015) in ‘7(d) Common Hazardous Waste Treatment Storage and Disposal Facilities’ – Category A
(All integrated facilities having incineration & landfill or incineration alone). Additionally, since the
proposed location is within 10 km from the interstate boundary of the UT of Daman, it has to be cleared
by the MoEFCC under ‘General Condition’ of the Notification. Since the proposed integrated TSDF is
inside a notified Industrial Estate, per III, (i) (b) of the EIA Notification, public hearing is not applicable
on the project.
Application for Environmental Clearance for the landfill alone was made to the Ministry of Environment
and Forests in the prescribed Form 1 and PFR in March, 2013. The project was appraised by the Expert
Appraisal Committee, Building/Construction Projects/Township and Area Development Projects, Coastal
Regulation Zone, Infrastructure Development and Miscellaneous projects in their 123rd meeting held on
15th - 16th April, 2013 at New Delhi. The committee patiently heard the proposal and asked further
information about extant landuse of 5 km around the proposed project site, and whether there were plans
for human habitation around the area proposed by the local rural and urban bodies. The present revised
PFR provides information on the above query of the EAC.
In the earlier proposal submitted to the MoEF in March, 2013, addition of incineration, co-generation and
MEE was proposed in future as phased expansion of the landfill facility. The design proposal of the
Environmental Impact Assessment Report Integrated TSDF, GIDC Vapi Vapi Waste and Effluent Management Company Ltd.
Chapter 01 Introduction
Environmental Consultant Page 4 Aditya Environmental Services Pvt. Ltd.
incinerator, co-generator and MEE had since been finalized by VWEMCL; the same was additionally
applied for in the form of a composite integrated TSDF.
Earlier design capacity of the proposed landfill was 13,40,000 MT in 16,08,000 m3 which was based on a
bulk compaction factor of 1.2 MT/m3. M/s VWEMCL revised the waste placement and compaction
methodology and now proposes a design bulk density of 1.8 MT/m3. Owing to this, the revised mass
disposal capacity of the secured landfill is 20,10,000 MT.
ToR for EIA was recommended by EAC - Infrastructure Development, CRZ, Building/Construction and
Misc. Projects (MoM of 126th Meeting of the EAC, 20th September, 2013 put up on MoEF’s website on
19th October, 2013) [F.No.10-16/2013-IA-III]. ToR Letter issued by the MoEF (F.No.10-16/2013/IA/III,
dated 2nd December, 2013) is given in Annex I.
Statement on adherence to the ToRs given by the MoEF is given in Annex II.
The EIS Report has been prepared under following guidelines of CPCB and MoEFCC:
1. Guidelines for conducting EIA : Site selection for CHWMF (HAZWOMS/25/2003-04), CPCB,
October, 2003
2. Technical EIA Guidance Manual for Common Hazardous Waste TSDF, IL&FS Ecosmart,
August, 2010
3. EIA Notification, 2006 (amended), Appendix III – Generic Structure of EIA Document
Environmental Impact Assessment Report Integrated TSDF, GIDC Vapi Vapi Waste and Effluent Management Company Ltd.
Chapter 01 Introduction
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Figure 1.3 Key Infrastructure Map of the Impact Area
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Environmental Consultant Aditya Environmental Services Pvt. Ltd.
Chapter 02
Project Description
Environmental Impact Assessment Report Integrated TSDF, GIDC Vapi Vapi Waste and Effluent Management Company Ltd.
Chapter 02 Project Description
Environmental Consultant Page 1 Aditya Environmental Services Pvt. Ltd.
Chapter 02
Project Description
2.1 Aspects of the Project likely to cause Environmental Effects
The section briefly describes aspects of the proposed project which have a likelihood of causing
environmental effects during operation phase. Technical details of the project are given in annexes as
mentioned in the respective sections. Environmental impacts caused during construction and
decommissioning phase are elaborated in Chapter 4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation
Measures. Pollution control systems proposed as part of the project are briefly described in this chapter.
2.1.1 Type of Project
A ‘Treatment Storage and Disposal Facility’ or ‘hazardous waste site’ is defined as ‘a place of collection,
reception, treatment, storage of hazardous wastes and its disposal to the environment which is approved
by the competent authority’ in the Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling and Transboundary
Movement) Rules, 2008 (amended 2009, 2010).
The proposed activity is covered in the schedule of EIA Notification, 2006 (amended 2009, 2011, 2013,
2014, 2015) in ‘Schedule, 7(d) Common Hazardous Waste Treatment Storage and Disposal Facilities’ –
Category A (All integrated facilities having incineration & landfill or incineration alone).
The scope of the integrated TSDF will be receipt, short-term storage of hazardous waste, pre-landfill
processing (waste stabilization) of hazardous waste, landfilling of assorted wastes, incineration of
hazardous waste, production of electrical power by waste heat recovery and evaporation of effluent
streams. The proponent will be responsible for construction, operation and closure/decommissioning of
the project.
The proposal for the integrated TSDF comprises following components:
a. Landfill of 20,10,000 MT overall capacity, to be developed above-grade, in cellular fashion, in
phases
b. Incinerator of 15,000 kg/hr
c. Co-generation system of 17 ton/hr steam output
d. An electrical power generation system of 2 MW
e. A Multiple Effect Evaporator of 7500 l/hr effluent input
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Chapter 02 Project Description
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f. Auxiliary utilities
In addition, the proposal includes erection of a high-head storage shed of 8000 sq.m. with impervious
flooring, leachate collection drains, suitable soft partition, circulation area, loading/unloading bays, etc.
The shed will be naturally aspirated and will be provided with flameproof electrical fittings.
Transportation of hazardous waste to the TSDF site will not in the scope of the TSDF proponent.
2.1.2 Need for the Project
M/s Vapi Waste and Effluent Management Company Ltd. is operating a common-user secured landfill of
900,000 MT capacity on plot no. 4807 in GIDC, Phase IV, Vapi, Ta. Pardi, Distt. Valsad, Gujarat since
1999-2000. The landfill laid out on 10.3 ha land provides TSDF services to 515 member units of Vapi
GIDC. Location of the landfill within GIDC is shown in Figure 2.1. Figure 2.1 also shows location of the
proposed integrated TSDF site with respect to the existing landfill. The existing landfill is approaching its
design capacity at an average in-fill rate of 15,000 MT/month. A new landfill is required to continue the
hazardous waste storage and disposal service provided by the current landfill to its member units.
Figure 2.1 Location of Existing and Proposed Landfill
In addition to landfill-abel waste, the GIDC estate produces significant volume of incinerable hazardous
waste which is now being disposed by the individual industries in the nearby common user TSDFs at
Ankleshwar, Vadodara and further at Kutch. About 1,01,469 MT/annum incinerable waste was generated
in the Valsad Distt. in 20081, which has registered growth since the baseline inventorization year.
1 National Inventory Data of Hazardous Waste generating industries & Hazardous Waste Management in India, February, 2009. CPCB Hazardous Waste Management Division, New Delhi. Data based on the year 2008.
Environmental Impact Assessment Report Integrated TSDF, GIDC Vapi Vapi Waste and Effluent Management Company Ltd.
Chapter 02 Project Description
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On-going process optimization and cleaner production initiatives in the industries in the GIDC have
resulted in effluent stream segregation. Several industries have identified and segregated streams which
have high TDS contents which can be put through evaporation for recovery of condensate-water and dry
salts for landfilling. Segregation of such streams and their treatment in a multiple effect evaporator (MEE)
will have a positive impact on volume reduction and the treatability of effluent in the 55 MLD CETP
being operated by VWEMCL.
Incineration of hazardous waste in an integrated TSDF has a positive synergy in terms of energy
utilization and consequent cost-effectiveness in the following manner:
a. High calorific incinerable waste reduces need and dependence of auxiliary fuel
b. Cooling of flue gases from the secondary combustion chamber in a waste heat recovery boiler
provides sensible heat transfer to steam, which can be utilized for production of electrical power
in reaction-cum-impulse turbines, and for operation of MEE.
With the above consideration, VWEMCL is proposing to install an incinerator of 15,000 kg/hr, a co-
generation system of 17 ton/hr steam output, an electrical power generation system of 2 MW, MEE of
7500 l/hr effluent input and auxiliary utilities. The integrated TSDF will be located alongside the
proposed secured landfill in the 14.5 ha land identified for the project.
Significant quantity of non-hazardous plastic waste is generated from discard of lamination sheets from
waste paper in the 40 odd recycle paper mills in and around Vapi. Generation of plastic waste from small
and medium scale paper and paper board manufacturers of Vapi area is around 180-200 MT/day2. The
waste bears GCV of 6000 – 7500 Kcal/kg and total halogen < 0.5% which makes it suitable for auxiliary
fuel in the proposed incineration system. Such an arrangement will also eliminate need for disposal of this
usable resource in a municipal sanitary landfill.
Individual components of the proposed integrated TSDF are described as in Section 2.5.
2.2 Location of the Project
The site (Plot nos. 2519/P to 3432 (48 contagious survey numbers)) lies inside notified industrial estate -
Phase IV of GIDC, Vapi, and is in possession of the proponent. The project lies in Taluka Pardi, Distt.
Valsad. Union territories of Daman and Diu, and Dadra and Nagar Haveli are at a distance of approx. 6.5
km SW and 1.2 km SE respectively. Distances of the proposed site from important landmarks in the
vicinity are as follows: 2 Core issues in recycle paper industries and technological solution in Vapi, Gopal H Chaudhari and Bharat P Jain, Gujarat Cleaner Production Centre, Gandhinagar, March, 2013.,
Environmental Impact Assessment Report Integrated TSDF, GIDC Vapi Vapi Waste and Effluent Management Company Ltd.
Chapter 02 Project Description
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(a) Vapi town approx. 3.6 km W
(b) SH 185 Vapi Silvassa Road approx.1.3 km S
(c) NH 8 approx. 3.6 km W
(d) Vapi Railway Station 5.2 km W
(e) Open sea approx. 14.1 km W
(f) River Kolak approx 3.2 km N
(g) River Damanganga approx 5.3 km S
(h) Indian Coast Guard Air Station, Daman 14.1 km NW
Details about location of the proposed site and relevant environmental features of the site/its vicinity are
given in Section 1.2, Chapter 1. Location of the proposed site is given in Figure 2.2 A B and C. Proposed
layout of the project is given in Figure 2.3.
2.3 Size and Magnitude of Operation
The project is proposed over a plot area of 14.5 ha. Landfill will occupy about 7.87 ha area (54% of total
area). Greenbelt and open spaces will cover 3.2 ha area (22% of the total area). The site will be
approachable through a 20 m wide GIDC road. The site will have 6 m wide greenbelt and a 6 m wide
peripheral road for circulation. Size of the landfill and features of key systems of the TSDF is given in
Table 2.1 and Table 2.2.
2.4 Project Schedule for Approval and Implementation
Landfill component of the project will be made ready to receive waste within four months of obtaining
Environmental Clearance from the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change. Proposed
construction, commissioning and operation schedule of the project is given in Annex III.
2.5 Description of Technology and Process
The integrated TSDF project has two distinct components, as follows.
1. Landfill and associated amenities
2. Incinerator, Co-generation, MEE and Power generation with associated utilities
Following sections briefly describe the technology and process of the individual TSDF components.
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5km radius around the proposed site
Figure 2.2 A, B Location of the Proposed Site
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Figure 2.2 C Location of the Proposed Site
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Figure 2.3 Proposed Layout of the Project
Incinerator MEE
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2.5.1 Landfill
Proposed landfill will be developed in phases with progressive construction, filling and closure of the
cells.
Member industries of VWEMCL include chemical, pharmaceutical, dyes and dyes intermediates,
agrochemicals and other allied industries; the landfill is being designed to accommodate the following
general types of waste generated by them:
• Gypsum Sludge
• Iron Sludge
• Carbon Sludge
• Tarry Residue
• ETP Sludge etc.
Design of the landfill is based on engineering inputs from IIT Madras and M/s Maccaferri Environmental
Solutions Pvt. Ltd, Pune. The project will comply with the conditions prescribed for setting up and
operations of TSDFs as given in Chapter-V Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facility for Hazardous
Wastes, Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2008.
Following design and operational guidelines published by Central Pollution Control Board will also be
followed in the project.
• Criteria for Hazardous Waste Landfills (HAZWOMS/17/2000-01), CPCB, February, 2001
• Guidelines for Proper Functioning and Upkeep of Disposal Facilities (HAZWOMS/32/2005-06),
CPCB, December, 2005
• Guidelines for Storage of Incinerable Hazardous Wastes by the Operators of Common Hazardous
Waste Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities and Captive HW Incinerators,
(HAZWAMS/.../2005-2006), CPCB, November, 2008
• Performance Evaluation and Monitoring of the Common Hazardous Waste Treatment Storage
and Disposal Facilities including Common Hazardous Waste Incinerators (HAZWAMS/…
/2010-2011), CPCB, May, 2010
Following activities are envisaged in the operation of the proposed landfill.
• Pre-treatment of the waste prior to disposal to degrade or to fix contaminants
• Encapsulation of a waste body by a suitable liner system consisting of bottom liner and cover
liner.
• Leachate collation & drainage system
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• Proper operation of the landfill and placement of waste
• Suitable post closure measures to avoid long term contaminant release
Detailed engineering design of the landfill facility is underway. Sections of the composite integrated
TSDF, liner system and liner tucking arrangement is given in Figure 2.4. Design of landfill includes
roads, storm water drainage, a hazardous waste shed and waste stabilization area, leachate collection
system & treatment, approach roads, storm water drainage system, gas management system, top cover,
green belt, vehicle washing area, landscaping, etc.
The landfill is a grade-upward design going up to 9 m above ground. Design details of the landfill
including liner system, leachate drainage system, environmental monitoring of the landfill in operation
phase, construction procedure, etc. are given in Annex IV.
Technical details of the landfill are given in Table 2.1.
Table 2.1 Technical details of the proposed Landfill
Sr. Technical specifications Value 1 Total waste filling landfill area 7.87 ha 2 Quantity of waste to be disposed 20,10,000 MT 3 Volume of waste to be disposed 16,08,000 m3 4 Bulk density of compacted solid waste 1.8 MT/m3 5 Waste application height 9 Meters 6 Bottom slope (Traverse) 3% 7 Leachate drainage slope (Longitudinal) 1.5% 8 Inner side slopes of Embankment 1:2 (V:H) 9 Outer side slopes of Embankment 1:2.5 (V:H) 10. Monitoring wells Six (two u/s, two d/s, two either sides
The depth of excavation and height of embankment construction have been considered based on site
constraints and depth of ground water table.
Following infrastructure facilities/amenities have been proposed as part of landfill, which will be shared
by the incineration, Co-generation, MEE and power generation:
• Fencing/Boundary
• Entry & Exit Gate
• Site Access Road
• Car & Bike Parking Area
• Weigh bridge
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• Earth Moving Equipment Shelters
• Administrative Building
• Waste inspection laboratory
• Temporary waste storage, treatment & disposal sites for special wastes
• Drainage facilities
• Leachte collection sump, and pre-treatment facility
• Water supply facility
• Electricity collection
• Green belt
• Monitoring wells
2.5.2 Incinerator, Co-generation, MEE and Power Generation
Technical details including proposed sizes, required installation area and feed capacity of the incinerator,
Co-generation system, MEE and Power generation system including their ancillary utilities are given in
Table 2.2. Their system description is briefly given in Sections 2.5.2A to 2.5.2D.
Table 2.2 Technical details of Incinerator, Co-generation, MEE and Power generation
Sr. No.
System Installation
Area (LxWxH in m)
Capacity Feed Flow (Kg/hr)
1. Waste Incinerator (30 x 30 x 15)
Solid waste (Dry) handling capacity of 6,665 kg/hr and total capacity of handling waste of 15000 kg/hr (including moisture) with thermal capacity of 25,500 kWh/hr, Flue gas treatment system, auto feeding and ash removal system.
Primary sludge 6670 Secondary sludge Plastic waste Other Incinerable waste Moisture 7500
2. Waste Heat Recovery Boiler (20 x 20 x 10)
Waste heat recovery boiler of 17 TPH & 40 ATA capacity with desuper heater & economizer.
Boiler feed water 14200 Boiler feed water top up 1420 Flue gases at 1100 0C to steam generator
58500
3. Co-Generation System (50 x 50 x 10)
Condensing steam turbine of 2 MW capacity. Electrical generator of 2 MW
capacity. Steam condenser of 8 MW
thermal capacity. Cooling tower of 2500 TR
capacity.
Steam at 40 bar & 500 0C to steam turbine
11900
Cooling water in condenser
1360000
Cooling tower water top up
17204
4. Multiple Effect Quadruple effect evaporator with Effluent feed to MEE 7500
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Evaporator (12 x 08 x 18)
feeding capacity of 150 KL/day (7500 Litre/hr.) integrated with stripper & Agitated Thin Film Dryer (ATFD).
Steam @ 6 bar to MEE 2263
General material movement scheme of the integrated TSDF is given in Figure 2.5. Mass and energy
balance for the individual components of the TSDF are given in Annex V.
2.5.2A Incinerator
Combined incineration of hazardous waste is proposed in a patented Michaelis®3 moving bed incinerator
consisting of a drying zone for moisture containing incinerable wastes, and an incineration zone for the
dried sludge and combustible waste materials.
The wastes will be incinerated in a continuous operating combustion chamber. A continuous incineration
process will be ensured by automated feeding and ash extraction. Wastes will be mixed, moved and fed
into the incinerator by a rotating paddle system.
The incineration system will combine incineration without grate and moving of the material through the
furnace. The material will be moved and intensively mixed by incinerator internals to ensures uniform
and effective incineration.
Combustion air will be blown into the waste by a nozzle system controlled by incineration parameters.
Temperature in the combustion chamber will be maintained at approx. 850 0C. The temperature will be
controlled by burner operation. Flue gases from the combustion chamber contain partially oxydized
material will be conveyed to the post combustion chamber designed for a flue gas temperature of about
1100 0C and 2 second residence time. The combustion chamber will be lined entirely with high quality
refractory material with high alumina oxide content for wear resistance.
3 Michaelis GmbH & Co. KG, Rudolf-Diesel-Strasse 5-7, D-97209 Veitshöchheim (Würzburg), Germany Fon: +49 931 3593890, Fax: +49 931 3593899, e-mail: [email protected], www.michaelis-systems.de
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Figure 2.4 Sections of the Landfill
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Figure 2.5 General Material Movement Scheme of the Integrated TSDF
The incinerator will be designed for continuous operation of 24 hr/day, with following features:
a) Automatic ash removal: Ash and slag will fall from the last step into a bin filled with water.
Cooled ash will be continuously extracted from this bin by means of a belt conveyor and
transported to the ash container.
b) Automatic feeding of mixed hazardous waste: The material will be collected in a concrete
bin, which will be equipped with a screw conveyor system for unloading on a material
transportation system to the incinerator feeding system. The system will be equipped with
shredder and feeding system for plastic and other combustible waste material. The waste
feeding system will be versatile to take care of wastes of all consistencies.
c) Dry sorption system for flue gas cleaning: Sodium bicarbonate mixed with activated carbon
will be used for removal of SO2, HCl and HF., heavy metals, dioxins, etc. Dust laden air will
enters the hopper and then will rise evenly around the elements. Dust will be deposited on
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the outer surface of each element, allowing only clean air to pass through the filter candle
and leave the filter. Dust cake will be dislodged at intervals by a brief pulse of compressed
air injected into each row of candles in turn; the dust will falls directly into the hopper. The
filter will have no moving parts.
Typical view of the Incinerator is given in Figure 2.6.
Incinerator Incinerator Building Waste Feeding Arrangement
Figure 2.6 Typical view of the Incinerator
2.5.2B Co-generation System
The proposed go generation system comprises a waste heat recovery boiler proposed to be installed to
extract sensible heat from the flue gases from the incineration system thus rendering the gas quenching
service to the incinerator. Steam from the boiler will be used to produce power in a TG system and will
also be used as heat feed into the propose MEE. Description of the components of the co-generation
system is as follows:
2.5.2C Waste Heat Recovery Boiler
Primary role of the waste heat recovery boiler will be utilization of usable heat without any additional fuel
expense. Because the waste heat recovery equipment draws heat from flue gas that would normally be
discharged to the atmosphere, all heat recovered can be utilized to offset the fuel required to produce
process heat or electricity or both in other facility operations like incinerators.
Cylindrical coil type, water tube, once through boiler, will be installed with an option of
Horizontal/Vertical and Indoor as well as Outdoor configuration. Boiler will handle the dust laden gases
soot blowing arrangement (with pneumatic/steam soot blowers). Superheated steam generation will be
possible due to provision of superheater and moisture separator installed between the evaporator and
superheater, while superheat degree will be limited by inlet gas temperature (in proposed case the flue gas
temperature will be 100 0C which can generate the required degree of superheat as per requirement).
Water side circulation will be once through forced circulation.
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There is possibility for heat addition into waste gas stream by addition of hot gases generated by
separately fired hot gas generator (in case of variation in flue gas heat content from incinerator). Three to
four stage of heat recovery will be possible with super heater, evaporator, economizer, water preheater as
per need. Boiler water level monitoring and control system will be provided to monitor and regulate
events when the level falls below safe level by automatic bypass of the flue gases into the stack. This will
eliminate boiler tubes overheating. Generally the feed pump & drum level controller system will maintain
desired level.
Automatic flue gas monitoring & control system will be installed to regulate steam pressure if it exceeds
the predetermined value by automatically diverting of the flue gases to stack. This will save the turbine
from getting subjected to excessive back pressure. Automatic steam pressure monitoring & control system
will be provided to regulate and control events where steam pressure exceeds the predetermined value by
automatically diverting of the flue gases to stack. This will eliminate frequent operation of safety relief
valve.
Adoption of natural circulation design will eliminate dependence on any external equipment for
circulation, will aid uninterrupted circulation and will ensure no build up of higher TDS level in
evaporator and subsequent scale deposition.
Bare tubes will reduce possibility of soot accumulation, particularly for gases with high SPM. Bare tubes
used in manufacturing are standard tubes available in market. In case of replacement user is not
dependent on manufacturer for supply of tubes.
Two stage economizer will improve heat recovery. Feed water will be heated completely up-to saturation
temperature with waste heat after main boiler. This will be done while maintaining feed water
temperature at economizer inlet above 122 0C even if temperature in tank is 85 –90 0C.
Tubes will be are placed vertically with axis parallel to gas flow to ensure no obstruction of flow of gas.
Possibilities of soot accumulation will be less since vertical downward flow of flue gas will help in
dislodging the soot particles. Auto temperature correction system will ensure that feed water entering
each stage of economizer is at-least at 122 0C. This will ensure that all contact area is above the safe
temperature level and will eliminate any possibility of corrosion.
Typical view of the WHRB installation is given in Figure 2.7.
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Figure 2.7 Typical view of the WHRB installation
2.5.2D Co-generation System
Cogeneration or Combined Heat and Power (CHP) is defined as the sequential generation of two different
forms of useful energy from a single primary energy source, typically mechanical energy and thermal
energy. Mechanical energy may be used to drive an alternator for producing electricity. Thermal energy
can be used for direct process applications like Multiple Effect Evaporator. The overall efficiency of
energy use in cogeneration mode can be up to 85 per cent and above in some cases.
Condensing turbines are most commonly found in electrical power plants. These turbines exhaust steam
in a partially condensed state, typically of a quality near 90%, at a pressure well below atmospheric to a
condenser. These arrangements include single casing, Single casing units are the most basic style where a
single casing and shaft are coupled to a generator. An ideal steam turbine is considered to be an isentropic
process, or constant entropy process, in which the entropy of the steam entering the turbine is equal to the
entropy of the steam leaving the turbine. No steam turbine is truly isentropic, however, with typical
isentropic efficiencies ranging from 20–90% based on the application of the turbine. The interior of a
turbine comprises several sets of blades, or buckets as they are more commonly referred to. One set of
stationary blades is connected to the casing and one set of rotating blades is connected to the shaft. The
sets intermesh with certain minimum clearances, with the size and configuration of sets varying to
efficiently exploit the expansion of steam at each stage.
When warming up a steam turbine for use, the main steam stop valves (after the boiler) have a bypass line
to allow superheated steam to slowly bypass the valve and proceed to heat up the lines in the system
along with the steam turbine. Also, a turning gear is engaged when there is no steam to the turbine to
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slowly rotate the turbine to ensure even heating to prevent uneven expansion. After first rotating the
turbine by the turning gear, allowing time for the rotor to assume a straight plane (no bowing), then the
turning gear is disengaged and steam is admitted to the turbine, first to the astern blades then to the ahead
blades slowly rotating the turbine at 10–15 RPM (0.17–0.25 Hz) to slowly warm the turbine. Any
imbalance of the rotor can lead to vibration, which in extreme cases can lead to a blade breaking away
from the rotor at high velocity and being ejected directly through the casing. To minimize risk it is
essential that the turbine be very well balanced and turned with dry steam - that is, superheated steam
with a minimal liquid water content. If water gets into the steam and is blasted onto the blades (moisture
carry over), rapid impingement and erosion of the blades can occur leading to imbalance and catastrophic
failure. Also, water entering the blades will result in the destruction of the thrust bearing for the turbine
shaft. To prevent this, along with controls and baffles in the boilers to ensure high quality steam,
condensate drains are installed in the steam piping leading to the turbine. Modern designs are sufficiently
refined that problems with turbines are rare and maintenance requirements are relatively small.
The control of a turbine with a governor is essential, as turbines need to be run up slowly, to prevent
damage while some applications (such as the generation of alternating current electricity) require precise
speed control. Uncontrolled acceleration of the turbine rotor can lead to an overspeed trip, which causes
the nozzle valves that control the flow of steam to the turbine to close. If this fails then the turbine may
continue accelerating until it breaks apart, often spectacularly. Turbines are expensive to make, requiring
precision manufacture and special quality materials.
During normal operation in synchronization with the electricity network, power plants are governed with
a five percent droop speed control. This means the full load speed is 100% and the no-load speed is
105%.
Steam turbine it’s an automatized aggregate, which all main elements and auxiliary systems are mounted
on the common baseframe. Comparatively small dimensions allow installing steam turbine in the small
areas and on the low foundation; it could be used free area in the boiler houses or in other production
buildings. Upward exhaust allows essentially reducing volume of erection and projecting works
comparing with downward or axial steam exhaust turbine.
Common oil system for oil supply to control and lubrication, built-in baseplate oil tank and oil pipelines
length’s reducing till minimum possible value allow to reduce used at the plant oil volume.
Steam turbine recourses till overhaul is up to 120000 hours. STG service life is up to 40 years.
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Digital Excitation Control System can accommodate 32 V DC, 63 V DC, or 125 V DC applications up to
15 A DC. This unique flexibility provides precision control of virtually any size generators.
Automatic Synchronizer will have microprocessor based system including features to bring any generator
on line in a minimum time, from steam turbine units to large hydro. It may be configured for simple
manual control systems or equipped for complete automatic control of generators. Current Differential
Protection System will be a 3 phase, 2 restraint multifunction, numerical relay that will provide
percentage restrained differential protection along with overcurrent, breaker failure, control, metering,
monitoring, and alarm functions in an integrated system. Control cabinets will be equipped for necessary
protection terminals, automatics and measurements. Condenser will be a shell-and-tube type heat
exchanger. Steam leaving the turbine will flow to condenser pipe, passes around cooling pipes, condenses
and will get into a hot-well. A sufficiently sized steam space will be necessary for distribution of the
vapour in condenser. This will be granted by a bundle of pipes eccentrically arranged in the casing. In the
order to minimize the inlet velocity into the bundle, and thus the surface strain of the individual pipes,
vapour channels will be provided in the bundle thus increasing the inlet surface that increases the
operating life and condenser efficiency.
2.5.2E Multiple Effect Evaporation
MEE is a thermal treatment technology, wherein the boiling point difference of different dissolved solids,
chemicals, organic, inorganic solvents are considered at different level of designing. The ingredients
having boiling point less than water are thermally treated in a packed tower known as Stripper to its
vapour form and recovered (High Volatile COD treatment). The balance liquid (or mother liquor) is sent
for further treatment in MEE in which the water is treated in different calandria to vapour stage, by
utilizing minimum steam using vacuum. The evaporated water is recovered for reuse, while the
concentrated slurry or left over concentrate is then sent to ATFD (Agitated Thin Film Dryer), where the
remaining water in the slurry is evaporated to give out maximum amount of dry solid or salts.
2.5.3 Utilities Requirement
Requirement of water, power and manpower for operation of the integrated TSDF is given in following
sections 2.5.3 A to 2.5.3C.
2.5.3A Water
Water consumption for the integrated TSDF is estimated to be about 986 kld. Raw water will be supplied
by GIDC to the site. Water balance of the site is given in Figure 2.8. The water usage depicted in the
water-balance diagram is the peak water requirement with all water usages being supplied at the same
time.
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Water will be recycled to the extent possible. Usages such as wheel wash pit and for preparation of
lime/cement/gypsum/other binder solutions will be met from the cooling tower blow down. Similarly,
blowdown streams from the cooling tower and boiler, and Ion exchange regeneration stream from the de-
mineralization plan of the boiler will be mixed with the high TDS effluent and will be recycled in the
MEE. Misc. usages comprise sundry, occasional washings, water for fire fighting system top-up, etc.
2.5.3B Power
The project will require about 950 kW of electrical power. Landfill component will not be power
intensive; electrical power of about 110 kW will be required for operation of weigh bridge, leachate
pumps and area illumination.
Due to production of electrical power in the TG, the project will be a net power positive. Necessary power
step up and evacuation arrangement to the local grid will be made in consultation with MGVCL.
Although there are no services in the proposed TSDF which would be hampered due to temporary cut off
of power. However, a 42 kVA DG has been provisioned for back up power.
2.5.3C Machinery
The integrated TSDF will require following machinery:
1. 125 HP track mounted hydraulic backhoe excavators – 3 nos.
2. 75 HP tractor mounted backhow loader – 1 no.
3. 100 HP vibro compactor with sheepfoot roller attachment – 1 no.
4. 10 ton roller compactor weight roller – 1 no.
5. Water bouser/tanker mounted on 8 ton truck chassis
6. 60 HP tractor with hydraulic tipper trolley – 2 nos
3. 2 ton Battery operated forklift – 1 no.
4. Utility vehicles – 3 nos.
2.5.3D Fuel
The incinerator will require Natural Gas as auxiliary fuel to the tune of 1800 kg/hr. Natural gas will be
supplied by Gujarat Gas Company Ltd. through a NG valve skid.
About 400-600 liters of HSD fuel might be require by the equipment in the landfill operation. Fuel will be
procured in 200 l MS drums on a daily and transferred to the equipment using hand operated gear pumps.
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2.5.3E Manpower
About 55 skilled manpower and 200 contract labours (including security personnel) will be needed for
operation of the TSDF.
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Figure 2.8 Water Balance
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2.5.4 Mitigation Measures incorporated into the Project
The project will be designed to meet all the statutory requirements applicable for design and operation of a
TSDF with common hazardous waste incinerator and a secured landfill, as given in section 2.5.1.
Pollution streams arising from components of the integrated TSDF and their management built-in into the
systems is given in Table 2.3.
Table 2.3 Inbuilt Mitigation Measures
Sr. No.
Component of TSDF
Stream Management Measure
1 Landfill Fugitive emission from workings in the landfills (soil handling) and internal traffic
Water sprinkling
2 Landfill Leachate Leachate is expected to be generated at an average rate of 17-20 kl/day. It will stored in a below grade, cement-concrete leachate tank of 10 kl capacity with pumping arrangement, leachate to be transported in a 6-8 kl tanker truck and treated in the 55 MD CETP operated by M/s VWEMCL in GIDG Vapi Phase I.
3 Incinerator Wet sludge from the gas cleaning system
To be passed through filter press, and either disposed as such or to be used as a pH buffering agent in acific wastes/waste stabilization section
4 Incinerator Ash Landfill 5 Incinerator, TG, MEE Used oils Incinerator 6 MEE Stripper To be given as a slip stream into the
Incinerator 7 WHRB Boiler soot Landfill 8 Feed water treatment
unit of WHRB Spent ion exchange resin Landfill
Mass balance of the Gas Cleaning System proposed in the incinerator is given in Annex VI. Expected
quality of leachate is given in Annex VII.
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Chapter 03
Description of the Environment
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Chapter 03
Description of the Environment 3.1 Study Area, Period, Components and Methodology 3.1.1 Study Area An area covered within 10 km from the approximate centre point of the Project Site has been
considered as the study area for generation of environmental baseline and evaluation of impacts from
the proposed integrated TSDF project.
The impact area falls in the state of Gujarat, UT of Dadra (Dadra and Nagar Havali) and UT of
Daman (Daman and Diu).The study area falls in the combined catchment of two perennial, westward
flowing rivers, Kolak (~3.4 km north from the Project Site, and river Damanganga (~5.4 km south
from the Project Site).
A detailed map of the study area is prepared that indicates roads, railways, major settlements, rivers
and Tehsil boundaries. The landuse of the impact area is mixed (with significant industrial, urban-
semi-urban and agricultural landuse). Key map of the impact area is given in Figure 3.1.
3.1.2 Period of Baseline Monitoring, Components and Methodology Monitoring for baseline parameters was carried out in the summer months of 2014 (Ambient Air
Quality, Noise) and 2015 (Surface and Ground Water, Soil, Ecology and Biodiversity, Geology and
Hydrogeology, and Socio Economic status). The components and methodology of baseline generation
are summarized in Table 3.1.
Table 3.1Environmental Components for Baseline Study and Source of Information
Component Parameters Monitoring Schedule/Source of Information
Land Topography, Geology, Soil
Site survey, contour survey from client, maps in public domain
Land use Landuse, Landcover LISS III Satellite imagery procured from NRSC, Govt. of India, date of image acquisition 15th April, 2015
Hydrology Groundwater, Surface Hydrology and Drainage
Site survey supplemented by secondary information, Resistivity survey carried out to determine depth of ground water
Meteorology Weather and Climate IMD, Pune for Surat station and secondary information
Ambient Air Quality SO2,NOx, PM10 , PM2.5
AAQ monitoring carried out at 10 stations (covering upwind, downwind and crosswind) for three months (8 hourly x 3 times x 2 days for every station, all stations covered in the week, for twelve weeks) for
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parameters
Noise level Noise levels in dB(A) Continuous recording for 24 hrs at hourly interval at all the AAQ stations
Water Quality (Surface and Ground water)
Physical and Chemical Characteristics
Sampled during the monitoring period at selected stations
Soil Quality Physical and Chemical Characteristics
Sampled during the monitoring period at selected stations
Socio-Economic Aspects
Demography, Level of Development in the Surrounding Villages and Occupation Distribution
Village survey supplemented by secondary information from ZilaPanchayat and Census of India
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Figure 3.1 Key Map of Impact Area
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3.2 Baseline for Valued Environmental Components Following components of the environment in the 10 km Impact Area of the Project has been scopes as
valued, and has been studied in details for establishment of baseline environmental status.
(a) Site Topography
(b) Regional Geology
(c) Landuse, Landcover
(d) Weather and Climate
(e) Air environment
(f) Noise
(g) Water environment (surface and ground water)
(h) Soils
(i) Traffic
(j) Ecology and Biodiversity
(k) Socio Economic status
The environmental components are described in the following sections.
3.2.1 Topography Topography of the Impact Area has a distinct westward and northward slope. The highest point in the
impact area is ~ 62 m MSL south of MotaPondha being the lower end foothills of the Saputara range.
Eastern, southern and western extremities are at ~ 18 m, 35 and 25 m MSL respectively. Primary
drainage in the area (rivers Damanganga and Kolak) follows east-to-west direction. Except for a small
hillock at Morai (near Welspun Industries) on the north end of the Impact Area, the area is devoid of
any abrupt topographical undulations.
The elevation of the site varies from 32m MSL in the south to 31 m MSL in the north and north west.
Contour survey of the Project Site is given in Figure 3.2. The site is a flat land with gentle slopes
towards west and north east. Average grade of the site is about 1 m average higher than the finished
top GIDC road level which is an ideal condition for laying of internal roads and drainage.
3.2.2 Drainage The project area forms a small and distal part of catchment of Damanganga river system.
Damanganga river originates near Peth in Nasik district of Maharshtra and flows perennially towards
northwest to meet the Arabian Sea at an approximate distance of 20 km from the Project Site. The
Damanganga River stream is at a distance of 5 km from the Project Site. River Kolak, another small,
perennial, westward flowing river originating at the Saputara hills about 30 km east of the project site
flows about 3.5 km from the Project Site. High flood lines of both rivers are within few meters of the
river banks; the Project Site is too far away to be effected by high floods in both the rivers. Apart from
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the two mentioned rivers there is no surface drainage of significance in close neighbourhood. Among
the different drainage pattern the well-established drainage systems is dendritic. Drainage of the area
is discernible from Figure 3.1.
3.2.3Regional Geology Based on physiographic division of Gujarat, the Project Site falls in Mainland Gujarat. The Mainland
Gujarat comprises of the eastern rocky highlands and western alluvial plains. The western alluvial
plain consists of a thick pile of unconsolidated sediments lying in the western part of the mainland.
The plains of northern and central Gujarat are the thickest, across which the major rivers of Gujarat
flow.
Generalized geological map of Gujarat is given in Annex VIII. Geologically, Mainland Gujarat is
comprised of Precambrian basement rocks, a few isolated patches of Gondwana formations, a
Cretaceous sedimentary sequence (Bagh and Lameta Beds), Deccan Trap and associated intrusive and
Tertiary and Quaternary sedimentary sequences deposited by a combination of fluvial and aeolian
agencies during the Quaternaryperiod. The nature of variation in thickness of the Quaternary
sediments in its different segments indicates that the basin comprises a series of horsts and grabens.
However, on the surface, it forms a reasonably flat topography with a prominent gentle slope in the
NE to SW direction. Elevation of these surfaces varies from 25 meters to 75 meters from the mean sea
level.
Geologically the area is covered by Deccan basalt of the continental tholeiitic province of India
having Cretaceous–Eocene age (about 55 to 65 million years ago).The general geological succession
of Valsad district is given in Table 3.2.
Table 3.2 Geological Succession of Valsad District Geological Age Formation Group Lithology
Holocene
Mahuva Formation Younger tidal formation, spit / bar and shoal deposit
Akhaj Formation Coastal dune deposit Rann Clay Formation Older tidal flat deposit Katpur Formation Flood plain deposit
Upper Cretaceous to Eocene
Extrusive Deccan Volcanic
Granophyre and other basic dykes, sills & plugs
Intrusive Basalt &Dacite The study area and close surroundings comprise of weathered vescicular basaltic rock. The soil extends up to 1 to 1.5 m below ground level followed by weathered basalt. It is then underlain by hard basalt encountered at a depth.
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3.2.3.1 Geomorphology The land forms/geomorphic units and structures such as fractures, fissures and faults of the given area
play the vital role in formation of the groundwater potential zones. The following geomorphic units
have been observed:
(1) Plateau Weathered
(2) Plateau Slightly Dissected
The Plateau Weathered, shallow, slightly dissected units are good in respect of groundwater
occurrence and movement. Apart from the above there are numerous fractures in and around the
Project Site. The fractures often act as good ground water conduits. Moderately yielding bore wells
with 1 lps discharge are observed around the study area, as shown in Figure 3.3.
Figure 3.3 Borewell near Project Site
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Figure 3.2 Contour Survey of Project Site
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3.2.3.2 Regional Hydrogeology Groundwater in Valsad district occurs in porous unconsolidated formations and fissure formations
both under water table conditions as well as under confined conditions. The unconsolidated
formations comprise gravel, sand, silt, clay and kankars while the fissure formations mainly consist of
basaltic rock. Basaltic exposure encountered in the Impact Area is shown in Figure 3.4. Generally the
water table follows topographic configuration. The depth to water is greater in upland areas whereas
in valley portion and shallow grounds, the levels are very close to surface. In hilly terrain of eastern,
north-eastern and southeastern part of the district, spring zones are seen in river section and also along
the section of the Daman Ganga, Kolak, Par&Aurangarivers of the district.
In major part of the district, basalt rock units form aquifers whereas alluvium deposits form aquifer
system in north western part and in central part along river courses and also all along narrow coastal
stripes of the district. The weathered basalts formations are covered by soil/muram, valley fill and
piedmont deposits forming potential aquifers in the vicinity of rivers and in the vast undulating plains
adjacent to hilly terrain. But their regional continuity and extension are limited due to heterogeneous
nature of deposits with limited thickness and lateral extension. As such they rarely exceed a few
square kilometres.
Figure 3.4 Basalt Exposure with Spheroidal Weathered Boulders separated by Prominent Joints
The ground water in the Impact Area is found to occur under water table condition. The occurrence
and movement of groundwater is controlled by the fractures and fissures.
Open well and bore wells are the sources for irritation supplementing the canal water from
Damanganga Project. The depth of the bore wells vary from 20 to 80 m. The yield of the bore wells
very between 60 to 120 lpm (i.e. 1 to 2 lps). High yielding bore well are observed in the fracture
system. Open wells are also used for drinking in some portion of the study area. However, they are
old and replaced by bore wells.
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3.2.3.3 Vulnerability to Earthquake The Project Site lies in earthquake zone III per IS 1893 (Part 1) 2002. Location of the site on the
Earthquake zonation map of India is given in Annex IX.
3.2.4 Weather and Climate The climate of Vapi is temperate. It experiences moderate summers, short winters and heavy rainy
season.The mean maximum temperature of the area is 37.2° C, and mean minimum temperature is
11.6° C. Humidity ranges between 24-100 percent. Vapi receives major share of its rainfall between
June and September due to Southwest Monsoon. The district receives between 1500 to 2200 mm of
rainfall.During the monsoon months from June to September, especially in July and August, rainfall is
heavy. During the southwest monsoon season particularly in July and August, the skies are heavily
clouded. During the rest of the year the skies are mostly clear to lightly cloudy.
Decadal rainfall record (2004 to 2013) collected for the Valsad district is given in Table 3.3and
Figure 3.5.
Table 3.3 Month wise Spread of Decadal Rainfall Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Total
2004 0 0 0 0 7 375 856.6 966.7 101.4 31.9 0 0 2338.6 2005 0 0 0 0 0 1186 501.9 465.7 627.6 11.9 0 0 2793.1 2006 0 0 0 0 0 316.3 1029.8 663.5 185.4 35 6.8 0 2236.8 2007 0 0 0 0 0 271.8 724.3 742.7 448 0 9.7 0 2196.5 2008 0 0 0 0 0 225.1 755.1 892.2 364.3 9.6 0 0 2246.3 2009 0 0 0 0 0 115 1181 204.6 234 96.3 31 0 1861.9 2010 0 0 0 0 0 202.4 735.5 720.1 502 47.1 28.3 0 2235.4 2011 0 0.2 0 0 0 87.3 824.5 963.8 359.1 3.9 0 0 2238.8 2012 0 0 0 0 0 105.3 523.9 358.1 472.2 37.7 0 0 1497.2 2013 0 0 0 1.8 0.3 687.5 1093.2 425.5 538.1 57.7 0 0 2804.1
Average 0 0.02 0 0.2 0.7 357.2 822.6 640.3 383.2 33.1 7.8 0 2244.9
Source: India Meteorology Department, Pune
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Figure 3.5 Month wise spread of Decadal Rainfall Predominant wind direction is W-SW-NW during Southwest Monsoon months, i.e. June to October.
During the winter months, the wind direction is from N -NE. The average annual wind velocity is 6 to
9 km/hr. Climatological data of Surat station (for the closest station available from IMD, Pune,
closely representative of the area) is shown in Table 3.4.Windrose of the Impact Area based on
hourly meteorological data recorded in Winter, 2014 is given in Figure 3.6. Month wise windroses of
Surat station are given in Annex X.
Table 3.4 Climatological Data Representative of Site Month
Period No. of Years Mean temperature ˚C Mean rainfall in mm Maximum Minimum
January 1901-2000 99 30.9 14.7 2.1 February 1901-2000 99 32.4 16.2 1.0 March 1901-2000 99 35.8 20.1 0.8 April 1901-2000 99 37.2 23.6 2.2 May 1901-2000 99 36.2 26.3 6.4 June 1901-2000 99 33.8 26.7 212.8 July 1901-2000 99 30.8 25.5 440.8 August 1901-2000 99 30.4 25.1 233.4 September 1901-2000 99 31.8 24.6 169.7 October 1901-2000 99 35.3 23.0 33.5 November 1901-2000 99 34.3 19.2 12.4 December 1901-2000 99 32.0 15.9 2.1
Source: India Meteorology Department, Pune
R A I N
F A
M O N T H
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Figure 3.6Windrose of Study Area, Winter, 2014
3.2.5Landuse, Landcover Latest satellite image - LISS III was procured from National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC),
Hyderabad (date of image acquisition 15th April, 2015) in raw format which was pre-processed and
geo-referenced. Standard image interpretation elements like tone, texture, shape, size, association,
shadow and pattern were utilised to identify prominent LULC classes. A visit to the project site was
carried out to validate the doubtful areas. Geographical coordinate of these locations were recorded
using a Global Positioning System (GPS). False Colour Composite (raw image) of the Impact Area
and interpreted landuse of the Impact Area are given in Figure 3.7 and Figure 3.8 respectively.
Detailed Landuse-Landcover Report is given in Annex XI.
Using the standard landuse classification system proposed by NRSC, about five classes of level I,
twelve of level II and four of level III land use/land cover classes were identified and mapped using
satellite data in the present study. The imagery was interpreted and ground checked for corrections.
Landuse/Landcover of the Impact Area is given in Table 3.5. Builtup land occupies about 36.89
sq.km, water bodies occupy around 11.09sq.km., crop land around 213.5 sq.km, wastelands around
48.72 sq.km and other land 4.7sq.km.Agriculture/crop land is the dominant landuse of the Impact
Area. Landuse/landcover of the Impact Area is given in Table 3.5 and represented as a pi-chart in
Figure 3.9. Industrial area and settlements forms only 4.8 % and 6.9 % of the landuse respectively.
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Table 3.5 Landuse/landcover of the Impact Area S.No. Landuse Area in Sq.Km Percentage 1 Buildup
A. Urban B. Rural C. Industrial
14.47 7.32
15.01
4.60 2.32 4.77
2. Water bodies Tank/River/etc.
11.09
3.52
3. Crop land A. Single crop B. Double crop C. Vegetation D. Fallow Land
72.48 55.86 18.81 66.32
23.02 17.74 5.97
21.06 4. Other land
A. Road/rail
4.7
1.49 5. Wastelands
A. Land with scrub B. Land without scrub
21.32 27.51
6.77 8.74
TOTAL 314 100
Figure 3.9Landuse of the Impact Area
3.2.6 Ambient Air Environment
The Project Site is on the leeward side of GIDC Industrial Estate according to the wind regimen of
winter months - which is most critical period from ambient air quality point of view. The Site forms
the eastern extremity of the Industrial Estate. Sampling stations for AAQ were determined based on
the wind direction in winters and possible sources of pollutants from industrial, domestic and local
traffic sources .
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Figure 3.7 False Colour Composite (FCC) Satellite Image of the Impact Area
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Figure 3.8 Landuse Land cover Map of the Impact Area
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Chosen AAQ sites with rational of selection is given in Table 3.6. Site being within/close to industrial
estate, summary parameters like - Particulate Matter (PM10), Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Sulphur
dioxide (SO2) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX) were selected for documentation of baseline. Sampling
was carried out by a Surat based NABL Accredited laboratory for the months of February to April,
2014. Method of sampling followed for the AAQ parameters is given in Table 3.7. Sampling
locations in the Impact Area are shown in Figure 3.10. Results of AAQ monitoring are summarized
in Table 3.8.
Table 3.6 AAQ Sampling Stations Sam. Point
Location Distance from Project Site (km)
Direction Rationale for site selection
AAQ1 Project site -- AAQ2 Karvad village (terrace of
Gram Panchayat office) 0.8 SW Nearfield, downwind
AAQ3 Chhiri village (landing of the village water tank)
1.8 NW Nearfield, crosswind
AAQ4 Pandhor village (terrace of Gram Panchayat office)
3 NE Nearfield, upwind
AAQ5 Rohina village (Nr. Gram Panchayat office, near Bank of Baroda)
9.5 NE Farfield, upwind
AAQ6 Vapi GIDC (main gate of Kundar Chemicals)
5.3 W Nearfield, high baseline for AAQ due to operating GIDC industrial estate
AAQ7 Lavachha village (near Gram Panchayat office)
7.7 SE Farfield, crosswind
AAQ8 Chanod colony (terrace of MayurAppts, Bhula Nagar Colony)
4.3 SW Nearfield, downwind
AAQ9 Kocharva(KumbharFalia) 1.12 NE Nearfield, upwind, may be effected by stack downwash, fugitive emissions
AAQ10 DungriFalia(terrace ofDarpanCinema)
2.3 SW Nearfield, downwind, may be effected by stack downwash, fugitive emissions
Table 3.7 Method of Sampling and Analysis of AAQ parameters
S. No. Parameter Methods
Minimum Detection Limit (µg/m3)
1 Particulate Matter (PM) PM10 sampler PM2.5 sampler 1.0
2 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) West and Gaeke EPA modified 4.0 3 Nitrogen Oxides (NOX) Jacob-Hochheiser (Sodium Arsenite Method) 3.0
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Figure 3.10 AAQ Sampling location in the Impact Area
Table 3.8 Ambient Air Monitoring results (Period - Summer 2014)
Sam. Pt. Location
PM10 (µg/m3)
PM2.5 (µg/m3)
SO2 (µg/m3)
NOx (µg/m3)
AA1 Project Site
Average 95.5 51.7 17.3 22.8 Maximum 119.6 85.1 22.7 29.5 Minimum 59.3 39.0 12.3 18.1 98‰ 119.5 80.0 22.7 28.9
AA2
Karvad Village
Average 142.0 67.6 26.2 18.1 Maximum 156.6 87.9 31.1 23.1 Minimum 122.6 32.2 22.7 14.4 98‰ 156.1 87.6 30.8 22.7
AA3 Chhiri village
Average 84.0 46.9 14.5 20.2 Maximum 96.2 53.4 17.6 22.8 Minimum 65.6 38.4 11.7 17.0 98‰ 95.8 53.2 17.5 22.7
AA4
Pandhor Village
Average 80.7 39.8 10.4 15.2 Maximum 88.8 48.1 12.6 16.8 Minimum 65.2 29.5 7.7 13.5 98‰ 88.7 48.0 12.5 16.8
AA5 Rohina Average 96.2 58.4 13.0 16.3
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Sam. Pt. Location
PM10 (µg/m3)
PM2.5 (µg/m3)
SO2 (µg/m3)
NOx (µg/m3)
Village Maximum 109.3 72.3 16.8 19.2 Minimum 85.4 40.7 10.2 12.2 98‰ 109.2 71.9 16.6 19.2
AA6 Kundar Chemicals (Vapi GIDC)
Average 168.5 111.5 30.2 14.0 Maximum 194.4 136.7 36.2 17.3 Minimum 119.2 65.7 24.4 11.4 98‰ 192.3 135.9 36.0 17.3
AA7 Lavachha Village
Average 109.2 66.8 15.4 19.4 Maximum 122.4 98.3 20.3 26.4 Minimum 92.2 42.0 12.0 16.5 98‰ 122.3 94.6 19.9 25.7
AA8 Chanod Colony
Average 121.9 49.4 19.3 13.7 Maximum 151.8 66.2 28.5 16.6 Minimum 86.4 32.1 15.2 11.0 98‰ 150.2 65.2 27.6 16.5
AA9 Kocharva Village
Average 96.1 47.8 11.0 11.2 Maximum 113.0 55.0 12.7 13.3 Minimum 79.1 40.7 9.3 9.2 98‰ 112.3 54.7 12.6 13.2
AA10 DungriFalia
Average 119.5 61.7 29.4 24.0 Maximum 137.1 76.2 35.2 26.8 Minimum 106.7 47.3 26.5 19.9 98‰ 136.8 75.5 34.8 26.8
NAAQS Standards 24 hourly avg 100 60 80 80
The AAQ stations in the Impact Area exhibited more than 100 µg/m3ofPM10. Even farfield crosswind
and upwind stations such as Lavaccha and Rohina showed PM10 values higher than NAAQS
standard. High PM10 values in the predominately rural (no apparent impact by industrial activity due
to large distance) stations could be attributed by dry season and harvesting/agricultural activity going
on the area. PM2.5 values in all the AAQ stations were recorded almost near the NAAQS levels,
except inside the GIDC estate where they were much above the standards. NOx and SO2 - pollutants
from fuel combustion origin (industril or traffic) were well below the NAAQS standards uniformaly
across all AAQ stations indicating that the point-industrial sources of the industrial estate were under
compliance. This also indicates that a major source of particulates in the Impact Area is of fugitive
emission (both indusrial and traffic) origin. National Ambient Air Quality Standards, 2009 showing
relevent parameters is given in Table 3.9.
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Table 3.9 National Ambient Air Quality Standards (CPCB, 2009)
Pollutant Time Weighted Average
Concentration in Ambient Air Industrial/
Residential, Rural and Other Area
Ecologically Sensitive Area (Notified by C.
Govt.)
Methods of Measurement
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), µg/m3
Annual * 24 Hours**
50 80
20 80
*Improved West and Gaeke *Ultraviolet fluorescence
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), µg/m3
Annual * 24 Hours**
40 80
30 80
*Modified Jacob &Hochheiser (Na-Arsenite) *Chemiluminescence
Particulate Matter (size less than 10 µm) or PM10, µg/m3
Annual * 24 Hours**
60 100
60 100
*Gravimetric *TOEM *Beta attenuation
Particulate Matter (size less than 2.5 µm) or PM 2.5, µg/m3
Annual * 24 Hours**
40 60
40 60
*Gravimetric *TOEM *Beta attenuation
3.2.7Noise Equivalent noise level (A-weighted) measurement was carried out on an hourly basis for 24 hours at
the AAQ sites in the summer season of 2014 on a week-day using a hand held noise level meter to
document the baseline noise in the impact area. A-frequency weighting, represented in dB(A) is the
commonly used loudness transform for the measurement of environmental noise. Since noise follows
similar principles of propagation and attenuation as that of air pollutants, and is mostly couples with
the same sources as that of air pollution, sampling for noise was carried at the AAQ stations. Day time
noise was monitored between 6:00 AM to 10:00 PM, night time noise was monitored between 10:00
PM to 6:00 AM. Noise monitoring results are given in Table 3.10.
Table 3.10 Noise Monitoring Results [Leq (dB [A])] (Period - Summer 2014)
Sam. Point
Sampling location
Area Category
Leq Day
(dBA)
Standard * dB(A)
Leq Night (dBA)
Standard * dB(A)
N1 Project site Industrial 73.1 75 68.9 70 N2 Karvad village Residential 53.2 55 43.6 45 N3 Chhiri village Residential 54.2 55 44.4 45 N4 Pandhor village Residential 53.1 55 43.3 45 N5 Rohina village Residential 49.2 55 42.9 45
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N6 Vapi GIDC Industrial 78.4 75 67.3 70 N7 Lavachha village Residential 51.8 55 43.9 45 N8 Chanod colony Residential 52.5 55 42.8 45 N9 Kocharva Residential 54.3 55 45.6 45 N10 DungriFalia Residential 54.0 55 42.7 45
* Schedule II of the Environment Protection Act, 1986
Twelve hourly averaged noise levels in all the village and the project site are within noise standards
prescribed for residential and industrial areas, respectively. Noise in the sampling sites are from local
origin as industrial noise from GIDC are observed to be attenuated within few hundred meters from
the GIDC boundary. Tree vegetation with thick foliar vegetation in and around the in the villages
attenuate the local noises. Most of the observed noise in the habitations are from traffic sources.
3.2.8Surface Water Quality Sampling locations for surface water in the impact area were selected based on a reconnaissance
survey. Sampling locations with rationale of selection are given in Table 3.11. Sampling locations for
surface water in the Impact Area are shown in Figure 3.10. Sampling was carried out in the summer
season of 2015, samples were preserved onsite and transported to the laboratory at Patalganga,
Maharashtra and analysed forscoped parameters to assess its suitability for potability and other non-
potable, contact and non-contact use. Result of surface water analysis is given in Table 3.12.
Table 3.11Surface Water Sampling Stations
Sam. Point
Location Distance from Project
Site (km)
Direction Rationale for site selection
SW1 Karvadvillagetalav 0.82 SW Large, community user natural source water body near proposed site
SW2 Kocharva village talav 0.55 NE Large, community user natural source water body near proposed site
SW3 Natural drain west of existing landfill(downstream (flow wise))
1.6 SW Drain receiving treated sewages (soak pit overflows) and sundry discharges from GIDC estate
SW4 Natural drain immediate south of existing landfill
1.2 SW Water body abutting the existing landfill boundary wall, visibly polluted from waste dumping by scrap dealers on the other side of the drain, low flow during summer season
SW5 Natural drain west of existing landfill (upstream (flow wise))
1.4 WSW Drain receiving treated sewages (soak pit overflows) and sundry discharges from GIDC estate
SW6 Irrigation canal near proposed TSDF site
0.30 SW Fluvial water body (intermittent man made flow) near proposed site, for pre-project baseline
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SW7 Rata river, (tributary of Kolak river, near road bridge, VapiAmbach road
1.96 NW Nearest perennial, fluvial water body with upstream watershed characteristics, low anthropogenic and no industrial effluent load (at the point of sampling)
Water quality of the Kocharva and Karvadtalav which carried water for the whole year meets most of
the water quality parameters of IS 10500:2012 including minerals, heavy metals and specific
pollutants such as mineral oil, pesticides, etc. However, COD and BOD and presence of coliforms
makes it non-potable without treatment. The water is used for supplementary irrigation and sundry
usages such as cattle washing. Water quality in the natural drains flowing south and west of the
existing site is poor in most of the parameters. High COD and BOD, presence of pesticide – Lindane
(in two samples), heavy metals such as chromium, mercury and lead confirms industrial or
anthropogenic pollution in the streams. Water quality of the Ratariver is typical of a fluvial river not
highly polluted by anthropogenic/industrial sources. However, presence of coliforms in the river
samples makes it unsuitable for human consumption without treatment. Irrigation canal water
coursing from the west of the proposed site is similar to river water in quality as its source is water
from river Damanganga.
Figure 3.11Surface water sampling location in the Impact Are
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Table 3.12 Surface Water Analysis results (Period – Summer 2015)
Parameter Location Details Limits as per IS 10500:2012
SW1 Karva
d
SW2 Kocharva
SW3 Exist site
SW4 Exist site
SW5 Exist site
SW6 Proposed site
SW7 Rata
Desirable Permissible
Colour, Hazen < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 5 15 Odour Agreea
ble Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable < 5 < 5 Agreeable Agreeable
Taste -- -- -- -- -- Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Turbidity, NTU 24.2 12.6 48.2 1.7 276.4 -- -- 1 5 pH 7.70 6.74 7.84 7.84 7.92 2.8 6.3 6.5-8.5 No relaxation Total Hardness (as CaCO3), mg/L 76 98 540 460 520 7.12 7.89 200 600 Iron (as Fe), mg/L 0.02 0.011 0.4 0.29 0.05 86 120 0.3 No relaxation Chlorides(asCl), mg/L 33 10 65 396 62 0.04 0.01 250 1000 Residual free chlorine, mg/L ND ND ND ND ND 14.1 14.1 0.2 1 Dissolved solids, mg/L 70 20 250 790 260 ND ND 500 2000 Calcium (as Ca), mg/L 21.6 27.2 160 120 152 30 30 75 200 Magnesium (as Mg), mg/L 5.2 7.2 33.6 38.4 33.6 25.6 36 30 100 Copper (as Cu), mg/L ND ND ND ND ND 5.2 7.2 0.05 1.5 Alkalinity, mg/L 62 134 740 720 760 ND ND 200 600 Sulphate (as SO4), mg/L 150 4.0 95 60 98 108 156 200 400 Manganese (as Mn), mg/L ND ND 0.35 0.59 0.39 4.1 6.0 0.1 0.3 Nitrate (as NaNO3), mg/L 0.005 0.04 0.04 0.12 0.27 ND ND 45 No relaxation Fluoride (nil as F), mg/L 0.21 0.24 0.31 ND 0.8 ND 0.06 1 1.5 Phenolic compds (as C6H5OH), mg/L
ND ND 7.1 9.7 10.3 0.19 0.36 0.001 0.002
Mercury (as Hg), mg/L ND ND ND ND ND 0.15 ND 0.001 No relaxation Cadmium (as Cd), mg/L ND ND ND 0.01 0.01 ND ND 0.003 No relaxation Selenium (as Se), mg/L ND ND ND ND ND 0.02 0.03 0.01 No relaxation
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3.2.9Ground Water Quality Sampling locations for surface water in the impact area were selected based on a reconnaissance
survey. Sampling locations with rationale of selection are given in Table 3.13. Sampling locations for
ground water in the Impact Area are shown in Figure 3.12. Sampling was carried out in the summer
season of 2015, samples were preserved onsite and transported to the laboratory at Patalganga,
Maharashtra and analysed forscoped parameters to assess its suitability for potability and other non-
potable, contact and non-contact use. Result of Ground water analysis is given in Table 3.14.
Ground water is the prime source of water for drinking and backyard irrigation in the rural habitations
in the Impact Area. Almost all the households in the nearby habitations have kitchen-level RO water
purifiers for potable usage. Boiling of water before consumption is another widely used traditional
practice in the area. Some of the households in the nearby industrial workers’ shanties in the area in
the DungriFalia and Chanod Nagar use ground water for potable use without any treatment.
Owing to good rainfall in the South Gujarat region, ground water is available at relatively lower
depths of 30-100 m throughout the year. Villages in the Impact Area have large community open
wells which are in abandoned state and are subjected to leaf littering from nearby trees. Water from
these wells is sometimes used for street sprinkling/civil construction purpose by the Panchayats.
Almost all samples are high in calcium, magnesium, hardness and alkalinity which are suspected from
lithological/geological origin, acquired during infiltration through upper layers of soil. Specific
pollutants of industrial origin such as mineral oil, phenolic compounds, heavy metals, etc. are absent
in all the samples. Specific pesticides are also absent in all the samples.
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Figure 3.12 Ground water sampling location in the Impact Area
Table 3.13Ground Water Sampling Stations
Sam. Point
Location Distance from
Project Site (km)
Direction Rationale for site selection
GW1 Karvadvillageborewell 0.8
S
Nearest rural habitations in the direction to the proposed TSDF. Groundwater from unconfined aquifer is the prime source of water.
GW2 Karvadvillageopenwell
GW3 Kocharvavillageborewell 1.1
SW
Nearest rural habitations in the direction to the proposed TSDF. Groundwater from unconfined aquifer is the prime source of water.
GW4 Kocharvavillageopenwell
GW5 Vadiavadvillageborewell 0.53 N Nearest rural habitations in the direction to the proposed TSDF. Groundwater from unconfined aquifer is the prime source of water.
GW6 Vadiavadvillageopenwell
GW7 Dungrifaliaborewell 1.95 NW Nearest industrial settlement/semi-urban habitation dependant solely on ground water for potable/commercial usage.
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Table 3.14 Ground Water Analysis results (Period – Summer 2015)
Parameter Location Details Limits as per IS 10500:2012 GW-1
Karwad GW-2
Karwad GW-3
Kocharva GW-4
Kocharva GW-5
Vaidyavad GW-6
Vaidyavad GW-7
Dungari Desirable Permissible
Colour, Hazen < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 5 15 Odour Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Taste -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Agreeable Agreeable Turbidity, NTU 6.3 3.5 3.5 ND ND ND ND 1 5 pH 6.95 7.19 7.22 6.68 6.89 6.91 6.88 6.5-8.5 No relaxation Total Hardness (as CaCO3), mg/L
384 516 230 340 200 360 600 200 600
Iron (as Fe), mg/L 0.12 0.21 0.06 0.05 0.34 0.5 0.59 0.3 No relaxation Chlorides(asCl), mg/L 104 175 50 57 183 168 342 250 1000 Residual free chlorine, mg/L ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.2 1 Dissolved solids, mg/L 230 260 90 100 240 250 600 500 2000 Calcium (as Ca), mg/L 71.2 150.4 66.4 98.4 58.4 104 168 75 200 Magnesium (as Mg), mg/L 49.4 33.6 15.3 22.5 12.9 24 43.2 30 100 Copper (as Cu), mg/L 0.05 ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.05 1.5 Alkalinity, mg/L 130 118 142 168 106 196 29 200 600 Sulphate (as SO4), mg/L 67.9 82.6 20.6 37 55 62 224 200 400 Manganese (as Mn), mg/L ND ND ND ND 0.02 ND ND 0.1 0.3 Nitrate (as NaNO3), mg/L 0.48 0.4 0.17 ND ND ND 0.01 45 No relaxation Fluoride (nil as F), mg/L 0.51 0.48 0.23 0.51 0.54 0.6 0.66 1 1.5 Phenolic compds (as C6H5OH), mg/L
ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.001 0.002
Mercury (as Hg), mg/L ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.001 No relaxation Cadmium (as Cd), mg/L ND ND ND ND 0.02 0.03 ND 0.003 No relaxation Selenium (as Se), mg/L ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.01 No relaxation Arsenic (as As), mg/L ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.01 0.05 Cyanide (as CN), mg/L ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.05 No relaxation Lead (as Pb), mg/L 0.27 0.87 ND ND ND ND 0.51 0.01 No relaxation
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Parameter Location Details Limits as per IS 10500:2012 GW-1
Karwad GW-2
Karwad GW-3
Kocharva GW-4
Kocharva GW-5
Vaidyavad GW-6
Vaidyavad GW-7
Dungari Desirable Permissible
Zinc (as Zn), mg/L ND ND 0.01 ND 0.04 0.02 0.03 5 15 Anionic detergents (as MBAS), mg/L
ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.2 1
Chromium (as Cr), mg/L 0.06 ND 0.24 ND ND ND ND 0.05 No relaxation Aluminium (as Al), mg/L ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.03 0.2 TAN, mg/L 0.56 1.12 1.12 1.68 1.96 2.24 1.96 0.5 No relaxation PAH, g/L ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.0001 No relaxation Boron (as B), mg/L 0.14 0.21 0.14 0.50 0.50 0.38 0.53 0.5 1 E. coli (/100ml) Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent No relaxation Coliforms (/100ml) Present Present Present Present Present Present Present Absent No relaxation Chlorophyll (mg/m3) Not taken ND Not taken 1.6 Not taken 0.89 Not taken -- -- Chloroform (µg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.2 No relaxation Aldrin (µg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.03 No relaxation DDT (µg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 1.0 No relaxation Lindane (µg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2.0 No relaxation Malathion (µg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 190 No relaxation Methyl parathion (µg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.3 No relaxation Chloropyriphos (µg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 30 No relaxation α HCH (µg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.01 No relaxation β HCH (µg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.04 No relaxation δ HCH (µg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.04 No relaxation Mineral oil, (mg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.5 No relaxation Sulphide , as S2- (mg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.05 No relaxation Nickel as Ni (mg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.02 No relaxation COD, (mg/l) X X X -- -- BOD, (mg/l) X X X -- -- DO, (mg/l) X X X -- --
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3.2.10Soil Quality Sampling locations for soil quality with rationale of selection are given in Table 3.15. Sampling was
carried out in the summer season of 2015, samples were transported to the laboratory at Patalganga,
Maharashtra and analysed forscoped parameters to assess baseline of contaminants of industrial
origin. Result of soil analysis is given in Table 3.16.
Table 3.15 Soil Sampling Stations
Sam. Point
Location Distance from Project
Site (km)
Direction Rationale for site selection
S1
Proposed site -- -- Baseline soil quality of the proposed site
S2 Agricultural field near proposed site
0.2 W Baseline soil quality near the proposed site
S3 Bottom of dry pond 0.42 NW Baseline soil quality near the proposed site
S4 Agricultural field near proposed site
0.35 SE Baseline soil quality near the proposed site
S5 Barren land near existing landfill
1.1 SW Baseline soil quality near the existing landfill site
Table 3.16 Soil Analysis results (Period – Summer 2015)
Parameters Location S1 S2 S3 S4 S5
Proposed site
Near proposed site
Near proposed site
Near proposed site
Near existing
site Physical Characteristics Moisture content(%)
7.45 8.4 5.12 7.00 6.00
Water holding capacity (%)
52.0 54.0 48 44.0 55.0
Chemical Characteristics pH 6.75 7.01 6.90 6.91 6.95 Conductivity (mS/cm)
0.129 0.150 0.139 0.162 0.140
Sulphate (mg/kg)
245 315 315 264 173.8
Chloride (mg/kg)
58 97 116 77.7 67.99
Ca(mg/kg) 80 96 80 120 152 Mg (mg/kg) 14.4 19.2 24 33.6 43.2 Fertility Status Potassium (mg/Kg)
17 11 9.0 12 16
TOC (%) 1.5 1.8 2.10 1.6 2.2
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TKN (mg/Kg) 8.4 15.4 18.2 15.4 12.6 Phosphate (mg/Kg)
0.95 1.03 1.3 1.21 1.01
Na (mg/kg) 213 779 164 ND 310 Heavy metals Cd (mg/Kg) ND 5.0 6.0 3.0 17 Cr (mg/Kg) 31 14 ND 27 ND Cu (mg/Kg) 49 32 2.0 38 57 Ni (mg/Kg) 74 71 31 43 66 Pb(mg/Kg) ND ND ND ND 34 Mn(mg/Kg) 589 793 71 638 353 Zn (mg/Kg) 47 31 14 41 73 Hg (mg/Kg) ND ND ND ND ND As (mg/Kg) ND ND ND ND ND Soils displayed good surface moisture even during summer, and good moisture retention capacity
overall.High organic carbon is encountered in the pond bottom sample which is due to sedimentation
of organic material. Soil quality of the area represents uncontaminated soils with respect to industrial
contamination. In comparison with other samples, higher concentrations cadmium, copper and lead
were found in the soil sample near the existing landfill site. Heavy metal concentrations in the soils
are in soil micro nutrient range.
3.2.11Ecology and Biodiversity Biological environment was studied by undertaking detailed primary survey, substantiated by
information from secondary sources such as Forest Department and published data.
Western and northern extremes of Impact Area have significant terrestrial and aquatic, floral and
faunal diversity due to natural vegetation and rich habitat diversity. Central part of the Impact Area
with intense industrial and urban growth has limited biodiversity comprising mostly of hangrs-on
species. Biodiversity of the area near the proposed site was found influenced highly by heavy
industrialization and urbanization. River ecosystem especially downstream of Vapi weir was found in
degraded state.
Proposed site is under planted Caesurinaequisetifolia, part under wild growth of Acacia catechu and
part is open/covered by herbs, grasses. Presence of Ipomoea carnea along with Typha suggest some
part of site is low-lying where, water logging is possible during monsoon season.Garden lizard, Red
vented bulbul and cattle resting in shade of Caesurina were seen on the site. No mass nesting site or
bores for rodents/other wild mammals was observed within the site.Two agriculture fields were
observed adjacent to site with standing crop of Paddy.
Details of the biological environment of the Impact Area are given in Annex XII.
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3.2.12Socio Economic Environment Socio Economic environment studies included gathering and interpretation of information about
population in study area, demographic profile, occupational profile, and literacy rate of the population
staying in study area from Census of India, 2011. The information was supplemented by a focused
questionnaire survey in the habitations in the Impact Area, mainly to identify standard of living,
income sources and health in various villages in the study area. Data from local Govt. offices was also
collected during the primary survey to derive the status of the area. Primary & secondary data were
amalgamated to delineate the baseline socio economic profile in study area. Details of various facets
of socioeconomic environment is given in Annex XIII.
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Chapter 04
Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation
Measures
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Chapter 04
Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures
4.1 Details of Environmental Impacts
The proposed Integrated TSDF will provide treatment, storage and disposal service to hazardous waste in
a secured landfill and an incinerator. It is also proposed to provide effluent evaporation service to non-
hazardous, high TDS aqueous waste from member industries. Operation of such a facility may have
several short and long term environmental impacts if proper mitigation plans are not made part of
operation-phase design.
The facility will also have some environmental impacts in the construction stage which will require
observation of careful mitigation measures. Identification of environmental impacts and design of
mitigation measures as part of the project execution and operation phase is described in the following
sections.
4.1.1 Environmental Impacts due to Project Location
The proposed project is to be located about 1.4 km (aerial distance) from the presently operating landfill
as shown in Figure 1.1, Chapter 1 Introduction. Since the number of member industries and quantum of
hazardous waste for landfilling is not expected to increase significantly in the proposed landfill, no
significant additional impact is envisaged due to the proposed location of the TSDF.
The truck traffic carrying hazardous waste will be diverted to the new location which will pass through
the well laid out, two/four lane medianed, asphalt topped GIDC roads. An additional traffic of 30 trucks
carrying incinerable hazardous and about 25 tanker trucks carrying high TDS effluent for evaporation will
be added to the present traffic, an effective increase of about six trucks/hour, which is an insignificant
increase in traffic.
There will not be any liquid effluent discharge from the TSDF entering into any natural drain or into the
GIDC underdrain system. Emissions from the incinerator stack will be the only significant point source of
emissions from the proposed TSDF. Since the incinerable waste is presently being incinerated at other
Common Hazardous Waste Incinerator facility in Gujarat, the proposed facility will only rationalize and
distribute the emissions, and will not lead to a net increase on emissions on a regional scale. Identification
of Impacts due operation of the Incineration system is dealt with in Section 4.1.2 of this Chapter.
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The proposed TSDF site albeit being inside the notified GIDC will be closer to agricultural fields and
human habitations in comparison to the existing landfill site. However, since there will not be any
discharge from the activities inside the TSDF site, no direct negative impact on agricultural practice is
envisaged. Emissions from the incinerator will be dispersed by a 50 m tall stack to ground concentrations
much below statutory levels as prescribed in National Ambient Air Quality Standards, CPCB, November,
2009 as detailed in Section 4.4.1 of this Chapter. Mitigation plan will be put into place to control fugitive
emissions from operation of landfill, incinerator, MEE and the power plant. Effectiveness of mitigation
measures will be continuously monitored by environmental monitoring plan as given in Chapter 6
Environmental Monitoring Programme.
4.1.2 Environmental Impacts due to Project Design and Regular Operation
Environmental Impacts due to routine operation of the proposed integrated TSDF is identified using a
modified Leopold matrix method, given in Figure 4.1. The identified environmental impacts have been
primarily classified into significant and non-significant based on following criteria:
a. duration of impact (permanent (long term) or temporary (short term))
b. nature (adverse or beneficial)
c. magnitude (major or minor)
d. scope (regional or local)
All so identified negative significant impacts have been addressed by means of putting in place an
attribute –wise impact mitigation plan, further detailed in Chapter 10 Environment Management Plan.
4.1.3 Environmental Impacts due to Possible Accidents
The proposed integrated TSDF will handle following hazardous material:
a. Landfillable hazardous waste
b. Chemicals for pre-treatment and stabilization of landfillable waste
c. Incinerable hazardous waste
d. Sludges from gas cleaning arrangement of the incinerator
e. Incineration ash
Any loss of containment of the above mentioned material into the environment including bare/unlined
ground, storm water system, automization/volatalization or coming in contact with outside human
subjects constitutes an incident. Any significant residual deleterious effect of this loss of containment due
to lack of or late application of designated mitigation measure resulting in morbidity or fatality of any
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browsing domestic animal or human subject will constitute an accident. Accidents also include incidences
of fire/explosion causing injury to TSDF workers or human population outside of the site premises.
Accidents such as fires/explosion of flammable fuel material such as natural gas and due to human
contact with hot material surfaces and steam may also be possible in the proposed integrated TSDF.
Hazards from all facility/operations have been identified and assessed. Based on severity of the hazard
and frequency of occurrence, specific management plan have been laid as detailed in Annex XV Risk
Assessment and Disaster Management Plan.
4.1.4 Environmental Impacts due to Project Construction
First phase of the landfill of the integrated TSDF will take about four to five months to construct and
commission. Expansion of the landfill will commence about five or six weeks before the projected date of
fill-up and capping of the previous phase. Bulk of the construction in the landfill will comprise earth
movement for construction of the perimeter bund.
Construction of incinerator, MEE, power plant and other utilities and amenities (as mentioned in Section
2.5.1 Landfill, Chapter 2 Project Description) will have civil work comprising equipment foundation and
plinth level works (except Administration building also housing the waste inspection lab which will be
completely built civil structures). This construction will also be completed within four to five months
period. Most of the equipment of the TSDF components will be ordered in pre-fabricated form and will be
erected/assembled at the site. Significant impacts during project construction have also been identified in
the modified Leopold matrix given in Figure 4.1.
4.1.5 Environmental Impacts due to Final Decommissioning and Rehabilitation
Based on present rate of infill in the existing landfill, the proposed landfill will have a designed life of
about 10 to 11 years. However the incinerator system, MEE and power plant will have a design life of
about 40 years.
Closure and post closure of the landfill will be carried out as per guidelines issued by the CPCB in
accordance with Chapter-V Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facility for Hazardous Wastes, Hazardous
Wastes (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2008. Closure of the last phase of
the landfill will have impacts similar to that of construction of the landfill, as covered in Section 4.1.4 of
this Chapter. Except for periodic monitoring of the ground water monitoring wells and maintaining
integrity of the slopes and top vegetative layer of the landfill, there will not be any sizable activity in the
post closure phase of the landfill to cause any environmental impact whatsoever. The landfill part of the
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TSDF may be used for setting up PV Panels for generation of solar energy based on techno-economic
feasibility which will be carried out later.
A draft decommissioning plan of the incinerator, MEE power plant is given as Annex XIV, which shall
be finalized and appropriately followed before decommissioning of the non-landfill components of the
TSDF.
4.2 Measures for Minimising and/or Offsetting Adverse Impacts Identified
An impact mitigation plan as given in Chapter 10 Environment Management Plan has been prepared to
minimise/offset negative impacts arising from setting up and operation of the proposed integrated TSDF.
4.3 Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitments of Environmental Components
Some of the impacts likely to arise from setting up, operation and decommissioning of the proposed
integrated TSDF arising will be irreversible. These impacts are discussed in detail in the impact
identification matric given in Figure 4.1. Special attention is given to irreversible negative impacts as
they cannot be reversed and may cause irrevocable damage if not attended properly and in time.
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Figure 4.1Modified Leopold Matrix
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Impact grading Criteria a. duration of impact (permanent (long term) or temporary (short term)
L, S b. nature (adverse or beneficial) A, B c. magnitude (major or minor) M, N d. scope (regional or local) R, O
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4.4 Assessment of Significance of Impacts
A modified Leopold matrix method has been followed to assess impacts likely to arise from various
activities of the proposed integrated TSDF in its lifetime on various environmental attributes. The
significance of the impact warranting a specific impact mitigation action is also systematically discussed.
Impact of 40 activities of the proposed integrated TSDF (distributed into Construction, Operation and
Decommissioning phase) have been identified and graded on 23 identified relevant environmental
attributes given in section 4.1.2 (namely, duration of impact, nature, magnitude and scope). The impacts
have been first divided into adverse and beneficial, then their severity has been ranked based on attributes,
e.g. any impact which is long term, major and regional is ranked high; impact which is short term, major
and regional is medium, and impact which is short term, minor and local is ranked low.
Project activities which register beneficial impacts on most number of environmental attributes are
Greenbelt plantation (Construction phase), Final capping of landfill and Decommissioning of
Incineration, MEE and power plant (Decommissioning phase), Creation of storm water drain, Creation of
peripheral road (Construction phase), and Maintenance/intensification of greenbelt (Operation phase).
Project activities which register adverse impacts on most number of environmental attributes are Soil
deposition for earthen gravity bund construction/RE wall construction (Construction phase), Excavation
for landfill foundation, Incinerator - gas treatment (Operation phase), and Leachate extraction and
transportation to CETP (Operation phase).
Environmental attributes which register maximum negative impacts dye to various activities proposed in
the project activities are Air quality, Noise, Occupational health and Aesthetics. Environmental attributes
which register maximum beneficial impacts dye to various activities proposed in the project activities are
Economic benefit, Reuse/after use potential, Vegetation and Surface Drainage.
Soil deposition for earthen gravity bund construction/RE wall construction (Construction phase) is a
major activity both by volume of work and duration of activity wise, which may have major adverse
environmental impacts (classified under Regional impact) over several environmental attributes on a site
not under direct control and administration of the project proponent. Design and implementation a
mitigation measure targeted towards vendor/supplier of the activity is essential to effectively practice the
mitigation measure proposed for this activity.
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Similarly operation of the Incinerator, MEE and power has major adverse environmental impacts on Air
quality, Noise and Occupational health.
Incremental/additional impact on air quality of the area due to introduction of a permanent point source of
emission have been estimated based on mathematical modelling for dispersal of pollutants in the
atmosphere carried out on a Gaussian Plume Model. Details of the modelling are given in Section 4.4.1.
4.4.1 Mathematical Modelling for Incinerator stack gas dispersal
Details of stack parameters assumed as modelling input are given in Table 4.1.
Table 4.1 Stack parameters for modelling input
Permissible limits for Common Hazardous Waste Incinerator have been assumed as notified by the Govt.
of India, No. GSR 481(E), dated 26th June, 2008 (Environment (Protection) Fifth Amendment Rules,
2008, Schedule I, entry no. 100). Hourly micro meteorological data of Vapi collected in the Summer
month of March to May, 2014 have been used in the model. Data on atmospheric inversion has been
taken from the Atlas of Hourly Mixing Height and Assimilative Capacity of Atmosphere in India, SD
Attri, Siddharth Singh, B Mukhopadhyay and AK Bhatnagar, Environment Monitoring and Reserch
Centre, IMD, 2008.
The model results showing ten highest ground concentration values of pollutants are given in the Table
4.2.
Table 4.2 Highest ground concentration values of Pollutants
Highest Values
X Coordinate
Y Coordinate SO2 NOx PM HCL CO
(m) (m) Concentration in µg/m3 1st -492.4 86.82 2.81 5.63 0.73 0.05 0.73 2nd -500 0 2.76 5.52 0.71 0.04 0.71 3rd -469.85 171.01 2.52 5.05 0.65 0.04 0.65 4th -1000 0 2.46 4.91 0.63 0.04 0.63 5th -433.01 250 2.41 4.83 0.62 0.04 0.62 6th -984.81 173.65 2.38 4.76 0.61 0.04 0.61 7th -866.03 500 2.31 4.62 0.60 0.04 0.60 8th -492.4 -86.82 2.12 4.24 0.55 0.03 0.55
Stack height
(m)
Stack diamete
r (m)
Stack temperature (deg K)
Stack gas
velocity (m/sec)
SO2
conc
entra
tion
(gm
/sec
) N
Ox
conc
entra
tion
(gm
/sec
) PM
co
ncen
tratio
n (g
m/s
ec)
HC
l co
ncen
tratio
n (g
m/s
ec)
HF
co
ncen
tratio
n (g
m/s
ec)
CO
co
ncen
tratio
n (g
m/s
ec)
100 1.4 373 15 6.2 12.4 1.6 1.6 0.1 1.6
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9th -939.69 342.02 2.11 4.22 0.54 0.03 0.54 10th -383.02 321.39 2.10 4.19 0.54 0.03 0.54
Based on the modelling results, isopleths for SO2, NOx and PM were drawn and were superimposed on
satellite image from Google Earth as given in Figure 4.2, Figure 4.3 and Figure 4.4.
Figure 4.2 Isopleths for SO2
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Figure 4.3 Isopleths for NOx
Figure 4.4 Isopleths for PM
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Based on the modelling results, the highest incremental increase in concentration of SO2 occurs at
coordinates in the WNW direction at a distance of 492 m and the incremental increase is 2.8 µg/m3.
Similarly the highest incremental increase in concentration of NOx occurs at coordinates in the WNW
direction at a distance of 492 m and the incremental increase is 5.63 µg/m3. The highest incremental
increase in concentration of PM occurs at coordinates in the WNW direction at a distance of 492 m and
the incremental increase is 0.73 µg/m3. The impacts are directed towards the GIDC and away from
habitations in the E and SE direction.
4.5 Mitigation Measures
All adverse impacts as identified in the modified Leopold matrix method given in Figure 4.1have been
provided specific and commensurate mitigation measures to ameliorate their impacts on the
environmental attributes. The mitigative measures are classified into four classes, as follows:
a. Mitigation measure as part of project design
b. Mitigation measure as part of responsible construction
c. Mitigation measure as part of environmental compliant operation
d. Mitigation measure as part of additional/associated environmental safeguards
e. Mitigation measure as part of socially conscious business practice
Mitigation measures corresponding to the adverse impacts from activities in the proposed integrated
TSDF are discussed in detail in Chapter 10 Environment Management Plan.
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Chapter 05
Analysis of Alternatives
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Chapter 05
Analysis of Alternatives
5.1 Site Selection for the Integrated TSDF
CPCB’s “Guideline for conducting EIA and Site Selection for Common Hazardous Waste Management
Facility, New Delhi, 2003“ has been referred to for arriving at the most suitable site for the integrated
TSDF. The present site has been selected after thorough examination of three alternate sites of relative
size, depending on the availability of un-utilized land in the vicinity of the Vapi GIDC. Attributes of the
alternative sites are given in Table 5.1. Figure 5.1 shows the relative location of the three identified sites
with respect to the present landfill site. Figure 5.2 and Figure 5.3 show closer view of the identified site
A and B. Closer view of site C is shown in Figure 1.1 and Figure 1.2 of Chapter 1 Introduction.
Table 5.1 Site Alternatives for Integrated TSDF Site
Sr. Site Code Site Name Distance, Direction from present landfill site 1. A Near Roffel College 6.3 km, West - North west 2. B Near Daman Ganga
Industrial Park 1 km, South east
3. C Near Karvad village 1.4 km, North east
A quantitative comparative study of the identified sites was carried out based on the Rejection or Knock-
out Criteria prescribed for site-identification of TSDF sites by CPCB. The comparison of attributes of the
alternative sites is given in Table 5.2. Site A is summarily unsuitable due to its proximity to the
Damanganga river, Rofell college and a Daman and Vapi towns. Site B though meeting few attributes of
a landfill site is unsuitable due to its proximity with Azad Nagar, a habitation cluster south west of it. It
also falls in the overflow path of the Karvad talav, thus experiences flooding for few days in the monsoon
days. Additionally the site has been used for sun-drying of recycled paper sheets used for packing by
hand made paper since a long time, and also for dumping of waste since a long time.
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Figure 5.1 Relative Locations of the three Alternate Sites
Figure 5.2 Closer view of Alternate Site A
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Figure 5.3 Closer view of Alternate Site B
Site C qualifies on all Knock-out Criteria prescribed by GPCB hence has been chosen for EIA study for
development of an integrated TSDF site.
Table 5.2 Knock-out Criteria for Site Alternatives for integrated TSDF
Identification location of Site Village/City Sr. No.
Criteria Answer (Y/N) Site A Site B Site C
1. Existing or planned drinking water protection and catchment areas Y N N
2. High flood prone areas Y N N 3. Areas with unstable ground Y N N 4. Closer than 200 meters to populated areas Y Y N 5. Closer than 200 meters to river boundaries Y N N 6. Close to National Parks, Monuments, and
Forests with large no. of flora and fauna, historical, religious and other important cultural places.
Y N N
7. Existing use of site (Agricultural/Forest/Old dump site) N Y N
Remarks: Not Suitable Not Suitable Suitable Site is suitable for detailed EIA study (Y/N) N N Y
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5.2 Alternative Technology for Construction of Landfill
The landfill has been designed as an above grade landfill with 30 m base width earth gravity embankment
wall. The wall is proposed to have a six meter top width and a height of 15 m. Schematic of the
embankment wall is given in Figure 5.4.
Figure 5.4 Typical embankment wall of the proposed landfill
However, there is an alternate and superior technology for construction of the embankment wall called
Paramesh Wall (Cable stayed, filled Gabion Structure) which has found application in several water
retaining, embankment and slope stabilization structures in the country. Paramesh wall has also been used
as a technology of choice in secured landfills in western countries, notably UK and Germany. The
advantages of a paramesh wall is vertical construction which minimises the base width (18 m vs. 30 m of
earthen gravity structure) of the landfill and increases the storage area inside the landfill simultaneously
imparting better structural flexibility and strength to the embankment structure. Schematic design of the
alternate proposed paramesh wall is given in Figure 5.5.
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Figure 5.5 Paramesh Wall for Landfill embankment
5.3 Alternative Technology for Incineration, MEE and Power generation
Incineration of high calorific hazardous waste is proposed to be carried out in a moving bed incinerator
consisting of a drying zone, a solid phase combustion zone maintained at approx. 850 0C, and a final post
combustion chamber designed for a flue gas temperature of about 1100 0C and 2 second residence time.
This incineration scheme and technology is in conformance with common hazardous waste incinerators
prescribed by CPCB as in Notification No. GSR 481(E), dated 26th June, 2008 (Environment (Protection)
Fifth Amendment Rules, 2008, Schedule I, entry no. 100).
Multiple Effect Evaporator and power generation system including pollution control scheme attached
thereon will be of prevailing conventional technology.
Thus no technically unproven technology is proposed for construction or operation of the Incinerator,
MEE and power generation system.
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Chapter 06
Environmental Monitoring Programme
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Chapter 06
Environmental Monitoring Programme
6.1. Technical Aspects of Monitoring1
Monitoring of the TSDF in operational phase is spread over monitoring of the following components:
a) Hazardous waste Incinerator - Ambient air quality, Stack gas (details given in Table 6.1)
b) Secured Landfill – Vent gases of the capped landfill, Ground water, Surface water, Soil,
Biological indicators (Details given in Table 6.2)
6.2. Emergency Procedure, Detailed Budget and Procurement Schedule
Procurement of environmental monitoring services will be done on an annual basis from laboratory(ies)
recognised under Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986, or a NABL accredited laboratory(ies).
Procurement cycle of environmental services will start from the third week of May each year, and will
end with monitoring of AAQ (VOC and PAH), and other parameters synchronised with the sampling
event. It is necessary that laboratory selection procedure is completed and purchase formality is
completed by end of April every year.
Laboratory(ies) offering itemised rates of parameters lesser than the in-vogue Notified Schedule of Fee
for Sampling and Analysis published by CPCB will not be qualified for the sampling and analysis
assignment. Supervision of all samplings without any tolerance or exception will be carried out by the
Head of Analytical Function (or his documented representative).
A provisional budget of Rs. 75 Lacs will be made for the sampling and analysis of environmental
parameters the TSDF in the first year of operation ending financial year. Firm budget based on zero-base
budgeting principle will be made from the second year of operation. M/s VWEMCL will exercise no
constraint on budget of mandatory/recommended environmental monitoring of the integrated TSDF.
Head Operations of the integrated TSDF will be empowered to take independent decision on additional
monitoring of environmental parameters from the contracted laboratory or any other laboratory available
(but not less than GPCB Schedule II Auditor’s laboratory) in case of any kind of emergency or mis-
operation of the incinerator, MEE and Power generation system. 1 Protocol for Performance Evaluation and Monitoring of the Common Hazardous Waste Treatment Storage and Disposal Facilities including Common Hazardous Waste Incinerators ( Hazardous Waste Management Series: HAZWAMS/…/2010-2011, Annexure - V Monitoring Protocol for the Common TSDF Operators and HW Incinerators
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Table 6.1 Environmental Monitoring of Incinerator
Sr. Parameter Location Frequency 1 Ambient air quality –
PM10, PM2.5, NOx and SOx Three ambient air quality monitoring stations, two upwind, one downwind 1200 angle around the TSDF. Location of the air monitoring stations based on the outcome of the mathematical dispersal modelling of the stack as given in Section xx, Chapter 4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures is given in Figure 6.1.
Minimum of 104 measurements in a year taken twice a week, 24 hourly
2 Ambient air quality - Total Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH)
Same sampling locations as above Twice in an year (pre-monsoon and post-monsoon, say in the second week of January and third week of May
3 SO2, NOx, HCl, CO In the stack monitoring port Continuously using on-line monitoring system
4 Particulate matter, HCL, SO2, CO, TOC, HF, NOx, total dioxins and furans, Cd, Th and their compounds, Hg and its compound, Sb, As, Pb, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, V and their compounds2
In the stack monitoring port
Quarterly, spaced out by three months, out of which two sampling occasions to be concurrent with AAQ (VOC and PAH) as given in Sr. 2 above
Table 6.2 Environmental Monitoring of Landfill
Sr. Parameter Location Frequency 1 Vent gas - VOCs and H2S All landfill cap vents
once in a month
2 Ground Water - pH, Colour, EC, Turbidity (NTU), SS, TDS, TOC, COD, heavy
Four monitoring wells3 Once in the second week of every month
2 Environment (Protection) Fifth Amendment Rules, 2008 dated 26 June 2008 (Annex XVI) 3 The ground water flow direction has to be ascertained periodically and reported at least once in three years so as to know any changes in the ground water flow directions due to any changes in the local conditions such as draw down of ground water.
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metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr, Hg, Ni), Fe, CN, F, As and Mn, Cl, NO3, SO4, TKN, Total Alkalinity, Total hardness and Total Pesticides
3 Surface waters - pH, Colour, EC, Turbidity (NTU), SS, TDS, TOC, DO, BOD, COD, heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr, Hg, Ni), Fe, CN, F, As and Mn, Cl, NO3, SO4, TKN, Total Alkalinity, Total hardness.
Karvad talav, Kocharva talav Second week of every quarter, out of which two sampling occasions to be concurrent with AAQ (VOC and PAH) as given in Sr. 2 above
4 Surface waters - benthal deposit of the surface water body
Karvad talav, Kocharva talav Same as above
5 Soil - pH, EC, Colour, TDS, TOC, TSS, PAH, heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr, Hg, Ni), CN, F, As and Mn
Composite soil sample to be collected upto a depth of 1 m beneath the soil surface for every grid size of 250 X 250 m up to a radius of 500 m from the centre of the TSDF, as shown in Figure 6.2.
Once in an year, to be concurrent with the pre-monsoon sampling of AAQ (VOC and PAH) as given in Sr. 2 above to
6 Biological indicator Plantations of locally available sensitive plants as given in Annex XVII based on Guidelines for Developing Greenbelts, (PROBES/75/1999-2000), CPCB, March 2000 to be planted as given in Figure 6.3.
To be concurrent with AAQ (VOC and PAH) as given in Sr. 2 above
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Figure 6.1 Location of the ambient air monitoring stations in operation phase of the TSDF
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Figure 6.2 Soil sampling location in operation phase of the TSDF
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Figure 6.3 Location of plantation of indicator species in operation phase of TSDF
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Chapter 07
Additional Studies
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Chapter 07
Additional Studies
7.1 Public Consultation
The proposed area is within the notified industrial estate of Gujarat Industrial Development Corporation.
Exception to public consultation for projects located within a notified industrial estate is part of the EIA
Notification, 2006 (amended) under section 7, 7(i), III, (i), (b). The same is also referred in Section 1.4
Scope of Study, Chapter 1 Introduction.
Exemption from public consultation under EIA Notification, 2006 (amended) for industrial estates which
were notified before 14th September, 2006 (date of Notification of the present EIA Notification) has been
further clarified by an Office Memorandum of the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change
dated 10th December, 2014, given as Annex XVIII. In view of the above public consultation including
public hearing is not applicable to the project.
7.2 Risk Assessment
The proposed integrated TSDF poses process related risks from the following operations:
(a) Storage and handling of flammable material (solvent based organic material) stored in 200 l MS
drums in the proposed Hazardous Waste shed – flammability/CVCE hazards, possibility of
knock-on effects
(b) Handling of natural gas (auxiliary fuel for incinerator) from the PRS skid – jet fire, UVCE
Worst case and credible scenarios for loss of containment, dispersal of flammable material and its
meeting a source of ignition under conservative atmospheric stability conditions (D and F under Pasquill
– Gifford Stability classification) have been identified. Consequence analysis for consequences has been
carried out by USEPA Model ALOHA 5.4.5 (version release July, 2015) and footprints have been
overlaid on the layout of the proposed integrated TSDF.
No significant off-site consequences have been projected by the consequence analysis model. All the
consequences footprints for fatality/grave injury to personnel are within the site boundary. Ourance
frequency of the consequences based on international failure frequency databases are low, making the
overall risk ranking of the facility low/ within acceptable levels.
An on-site Disaster Management Plan has been formulated for the proposed facility. Details of the Risk
Assessment and DMP are given in Annex XV.
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7.3 Social Impact Assessment, R&R Action Plan
Proposed integrated TSDF is within notified industrial estate of GIDC. Land for the GIDC was acquired
about thirty years ago after following due procedure of land acquisition involving payment of fair
compensation to the land losers. Since firm possession of the land was not completed (by means of
erection of boundary wall and making the area out-of-bound for the local inhabitants) at the time of
acquisition, some of the land owners continued farming practices over the acquired piece of land. These
erstwhile land owners have been asked to vacate the land and the same is under process.
Since there is no relocation of village habitation and no new land acquisition is involved, no specific SIA
or Resettlement and Rehabilitation Plan has been scoped for EIA of the project. Details of the socio-
economic study based on primary and secondary survey is given in Annex XIII, as referred in section
3.2.12 Socio Economic Environment, Chapter 3 Description of Environment.
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Chapter 08
Project Benefits
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Chapter 08
Project Benefits
8.1 Improvement in Physical Infrastructure
Proposed integrated TSDF will be a significant boost in the hazardous waste management infrastructure
in the South Gujarat region.
The landfill component of the TSDF is being proposed as a service-extension of the present landfill of
M/s VWEMCL which will be filled up and capped within few months. The landfill extends critical
hazardous waste treatment and disposal to 500 odd member industries of various sizes in Vapi GIDC and
nearby industrial estates.
There is an acute need for a common-user Hazardous Waste Incineration facility to serve about 16
GIDCs, numerous private industrial estates and isolated industries and 5 SEZs within 125 km catchment
of Vapi GIDC. The voluminous and toxic incinerable hazardous waste1 from south Gujarat is presently
being transported to the common user Incinerators of M/s BEIL, Ankleshwar GIDC about 180 km and of
M/s SEPPL, Samakhiyali, Kutch about 620 km, which is a wasteful practice; is unfavourable
transportation economics and also a large hazardous exposure on the already busy road transport
infrastructure of the state.
A modern, flow integrated and energy optimised incinerator will offer better economics of scale in
treatment of the incinerable waste streams, will be better/robust than the aged incinerators operated by the
individual industries, and will be better monitored for regulatory compliances. The above might
encourage closure of individual/stand-alone incinerators of the industries in Vapi GIDC and adjoining
industrial estates and diversion of incinerable waste to the proposed incinerator. Since M/s VWEMCL is a
non-profit society of members, member industries will be assured of cost competitiveness of the
alternative. The TSDF will also provide disposal of non-hazardous plastic waste stream from paper
industries and will cause clean-up and freeing of several acres of land under the waste dumps in/around
Vapi area. This will lead to benefits on account of land reclamation for productive use, better aesthetics
and lessening of fire hazards due to clearing of the plastic waste dumps.
1 Estimated at 1,01,469 MT/annum incinerable waste generated in the Valsad Distt. in 20081, which has registered growth since the baseline inventorization year. National Inventory Data of Hazardous Waste generating industries & Hazardous Waste Management in India, February, 2009. CPCB Hazardous Waste Management Division, New Delhi.
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8.2 Improvement in Social Infrastructure
Scientific, judicious and environmentally compliant management of hazardous waste is a service which is
critical for the health and wellbeing of society, especially people living within the impact area of the
project.
Since the proposed integrated TSDF site is inside notified GIDC, there will not be any access or
restriction of easement of the nearby villages. Being an industry specific service activity, the integrated
TSDF will not add any significant social infrastructure in the region. However, M/s VWEMCL, and VIA,
the parent organization of M/s VWEMCL carry out several region-specific and socially conscious
activities under their Corporate Social Responsibility. Details of the CSR programme carried out by VIA
are given Annex XIX.
8.3 Employment Potential – Skilled, Semi Skilled and Unskilled
About 55 skilled manpower and 200 contract labours (including security personnel) will be needed for
operation of the TSDF. The project will give continued employment to the workers who will be rendered
jobless after closure of the existing landfill.
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Chapter 09
Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis
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Chapter 09
Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis
9.1 Construct of the Project Cost Benefit Analysis
A cost benefit analysis was carried out to assess whether the monetary and intangible costs of the
proposed project are outweighed by the benefits arising out of the project. Project cost estimated to be
incurred in the construction phase and one year’s operational expense of the project were computed as
given in Table 9.1. Cost of EMP (pollution control hardware as integral part of the system, as well as
operational expenses of implementation of the EMP measures) was in built into the cost of the project.
Intangible costs such as costs due to delay, incidences and cost accounting for any mid-project design
change/retrofitting are also included in the project cost.
Benefits of the project include revenues generated from landfilling, incineration, MEE treatment of liquid
effluent and generation of commercial power. Costs which could have incurred due to transportation,
treatment and disposal of the hazardous waste in absence of the proposed integrated TSDF have also been
included in the project benefits.
Revenue estimated to be realised from landfilling alone is greater than the cost of setting up and first
year’s operational costs of the integrated TSDF. The revenue realisation from the second year of
operation will recover the cost of the project completely.
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Table 9.1Cost Benefit Analysis of the Project
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Chapter 10
Environmental Management Plan
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Chapter 10 Environmental Management Plan
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Chapter 10
Environmental Management Plan
10.1 Administrative Control of EMP Implementation
Adverse and beneficial impacts of the project on the environment have been identified based on a detailed
modified Leopold matrix method as given in Figure 4.1, Chapter 4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts
and Mitigation Measures. An EMP to address all the adverse impacts and ensure continuity
of/optimization of the beneficial impacts of the project is presented in this chapter.
The proposed EMP provides specific actions to be undertaken at all stages of the project implementation
and identifies the administrative mechanism for implementation of mitigation measures. A layer of
management supervision and control is proposed to ensure that the EMP measures are implemented in the
effective manner. Based on the project intent and identified impacts, following four classes of EMP
measures are identified. Responsibility of implementation and supervision of the EMP measures is also
identified with physical parameters based on which the EMP implementation will be evaluated and mid-
course corrections will be introduced.
a. EMP measure as part of project design
b. EMP measure as part of responsible construction
c. EMP measure as part of environmental compliant operation
d. EMP measure as part of additional/associated environmental safeguards
The above measures are further detailed in the Table 5.1.
Separate Environmental Management Cells as proposed during construction and operation phase to
implement and monitor the effectiveness of the proposed EMP during construction and operation phase,
respectively are shown in Figure 10.1 and Figure 10.2.
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Table 5.1 Environmental Management Plan Sr Component of
the Project Activity Stage of
Project Impact Proposed Management Plan Measures Category/
Type of EMP
Monitoring by* Supervised By*
Cue on Corrective Action EMP administration
timeline
Documenta-tion of EMP adherence
C o n s t r u c t i o n P h a s e 1 Overall TSDF site
Site
poss
essio
n, ve
getat
ion cl
earin
g, sit
e gra
ding,
creati
on of
inne
r and
outer
perip
hera
l stor
m wa
ter dr
ain,
perip
hera
l road
s
Initia
l con
struc
tion Site hydrology
(surface drainage), loss of native ground vegetation, noise and traffic due to movement of construction material
1. Site to be graded and provided with storm water drains to maintain overall catchment and maintain the natural flow direction of the storm water
2. Top soil to be stripped up to 300 mm and stored in the area designated for on-site nursery for use for soft landscaping and landfill slope vegetation during closure phase
3. Ground vegetation to be mulched with the top soil
4. All construction material traffic to follow the GIDC roads; no traffic to follow the east/north/south side village roads, especially during day time
EMP
as pa
rt of
resp
onsib
le co
nstru
ction
EHS Executive, Project Manager
1. Overall construction noise and dusting during to be visually observed
2. Intensive sprinkling for dust suppression to be carried out in case dusting is observed outside of the site premises
3. Noise monitoring to be carried out during construction phase. Corrective actions to be taken if the day time noise at the site boundary exceeds 85 dB in the windward direction.
4. Corrective action to be immediately taken by good civil engineering practices if any soil erosion is observed at site during monsoon
1. EMP to be followed until one weeks after activity is over
2. Observation on efficacy of peripheral storm water drains during first monsoon for taking necessary design correction in site grading and storm water drainage
On-site documentati-on of Noise and SPM using Noise Meter and Dust Collector, to be sent for review by the CEO every week
2 Overall TSDF site
Crea
tion o
f on-
site n
urse
ry
Initia
l con
struc
tion Landuse of the
site, micro climate, vegetation, dust suppression, soil conditioning
1. Plantation of local species in consultation with the local Forest Department, and as per CPCB Guidelines for Developing Greenbelts, (PROBES/75/1999-2000), CPCB, March 2000
2. Ground vegetation/grass to be given away for free to the local villagers on a bi-monthly basis
EM
P as
part
of pr
oject
desig
n EHS Executive, Project Manager, HR-PR-Liaison Manager
1. Starting of site development immediately after side grading
2. Plantations to be carried out by visitors during site visits
1. Continuously till end of construction phase and handed over to operations phase
On-site documentati-o on of growth statistics of the trees and shrubs (number of sapling survival, girth growth, etc.) to be reviewed by the CEO and Board of Directors on a monthly frequency
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Chapter 10 Environmental Management Plan
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3 Landfill
Exca
vatio
n for
land
fill fo
unda
tion,
civil
cons
tructi
on of
land
fill ba
se, in
stalla
tion
of inn
er im
pervi
ous l
ayer
Land
fill co
nstru
ction
Air quality, noise, community health
1. Excavation to be carried out under continuous sprinkling of water
2. Water to be sprinklered over the soil dump created from foundation excavation, on a regular/daily basis so that wind-blown particulates are minimised; geotextile covering of the soil dump may also be considered if feasible
3. Excavators and tippers to be maintained in good conditions, with good engines and clean exhausts, and noise silencing
4. Excavation not to be carried out between 10 PM to 05 AM. EM
P as
part
of ad
dition
al/as
socia
ted
envir
onme
ntal s
afegu
ards
EHS Executive, Project Manager, HR-PR-Liaison Manager
1. Overall construction noise and dusting during to be visually observed
2. Intensive sprinkling for dust suppression to be carried out in case dusting is observed outside of the site premises
3. Noise monitoring to be carried out during construction phase. Corrective actions to be taken if the day time noise at the site boundary exceeds 85 dB in the windward direction.
4 Landfill
Soil d
epos
ition f
or ea
rthen
grav
ity bu
nd
cons
tructi
on
Land
fill co
nstru
ction
Significant offsite impact on ground water, native vegetation at the soil borrow site, air quality, surface water quality, noise, traffic, community health
1. Excavation to be carried out under continuous sprinkling of water
2. Water to be sprinklered over the temporary soil dumps
3. No loose soil to be placed in the prominent water course, or at a location where soil could be cut and be transported to a local drain blocking it during monsoon
4. Cut faces of the soil mound to be graduated into gentle slope and planted with grass to stabilise before onset of monsoon
5. Good quality excavator/s and tippers to be used for excavation, as no green belt/physical separation will be available to arrest dust
EMP
as pa
rt of
resp
onsib
le co
nstru
ction
Project Construction HR-PR-Liaison Manager
1. Since the site of borrow soil will be an offsite location, not in direct control of the proponent, additional attention will need to be kept by the Project Manager and Senior Management to sensitise the earth supplier and make sure that off-site EMP measures are implemented.
2. Inspection of the borrow earth excavation site to be monitored immediately before the onset of monsoon and necessary civil corrective measures to be taken to prevent soil erosion from the site.
1. Continuously till end of construction phase and handed over to operations phase
2. One week before the onset of monsoon
Status of the borrow earth site to be reviewed by the CEO and Board of Directors on a monthly frequency
Environmental Impact Assessment Report Integrated TSDF, GIDC Vapi Vapi Waste and Effluent Management Company Ltd.
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5 Incinerator, MEE, TG and other utilities
On-si
te fab
ricati
on, p
aintin
g and
erec
tion o
f har
dwar
e
Incine
rator
, MEE
and P
ower
Plan
t Occupational health, noise, traffic
1. All sandblasting to be carried out inside a fabric enclosure, with PPEs
2. Paintings to be carried out without spillage of paint/thinners on the ground
3. Paints and other surface preparation material/insulation material to be stored on a PCC flooring/inside a covered godown in the equipment lay down area
4. Construction at heights to be carried out under PPE protection
5. All portable DGs, air compressors to be inside acoustic enclosure; all rotating equipment to be acoustically treated
6. All heavy equipment bearing traffic to take only GIDC roads; village roads/culverts may not have adequate bearing capacity
7. No asbestos bearing insulation or insulation mats to be used
8. The site to be thoroughly cleaned of construction debris and brought to housekeeping standards of VWEMCL. All spilled/contaminated material to be deposited by contractor for onward disposal by VWEMCL in the existing landfill, or as suitable and to comply with the GPCB CtE conditions.
EMP
as pa
rt of
resp
onsib
le co
nstru
ction
Project Construction Manager, EHS Executive
1. Air and noise EMP measures for the landfill construction to be extended to the equipment fabrication and erection phase
2. Noise monitoring to be carried out during construction phase. Corrective actions to be taken if the day time noise at the site boundary exceeds 85 dB in the windward direction.
3. A safe and environmentally-less -impacting construction plan to be demanded/agreed upon with all the construction/erection contractors/agencies. Their adherence to monitored. NC to be corrected at ‘loss of work’ basis. NC closures to be documented with photo-documentation.
1. Continuously till end of construction/equipment erection and commissioning phase
2. Until VWEMCL’s demobilization permission is obtained after restoring site to acceptable condition
On-site documentati-o on air and noise quality to be maintained and reviewed with the CEO on a monthly frequency. On-site documentati-on in pre-decided formats to be maintained as in the Safety and Environment Plan submitted by the contractors, especially the NC closure reports
Environmental Impact Assessment Report Integrated TSDF, GIDC Vapi Vapi Waste and Effluent Management Company Ltd.
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6 Overall TSDF site
Civil
cons
tructi
on of
build
ings (
found
ation
exca
vatio
n, co
ncre
ting o
f lattic
e an
d roo
fs, br
ick m
ason
ry wo
rk, pl
aster
ing, in
terna
l wirin
g, plu
mbing
and
finish
ing)
Build
ing in
frastr
uctur
e con
struc
tion f
or th
e TSD
F – (
other
than
land
fill) Air quality, noise,
traffic, community health
1. All construction material traffic to follow the GIDC roads; no traffic to follow the east/north/south side village roads, especially during day time
2. Excavation to be carried out under continuous sprinkling of water
3. Water to be sprinklered over the soil/construction material (such as sand, aggregate) on a regular/daily basis so that wind-blown particulates are minimised; geotextile covering of the soil dump may also be considered if feasible
4. Dust generating activities such as sieving, handling of loose/powdery construction material not to be carried out during windy periods
5. Mixer machines to be maintained in good conditions, with good engines and clean exhausts, and noise silencing
6. Major civil construction (such as concrete mixing and pouring) not to be carried out between 10 PM to 05 AM.
7. Recycling of construction material to be practiced. A general recycling practice guideline is given in Annex XX.
EMP
as pa
rt of
resp
onsib
le co
nstru
ction
Project Construction Manager, EHS Executive
1. Air and noise EMP measures for the landfill construction to be extended to the building construction phase
1. Continuously till end of building construction phase
On-site documentati-on to be generated only in case of major environmental incidences, reviewed by the CEO on a monthly frequency
O p e r a t i o n P h a s e 7 Overall TSDF site
Maint
enan
ce of
Gre
enbe
lt
Oper
ation
, till p
ost c
losur
e and
perp
etuity
Landuse, surface drainage, ground water, biodiversity, soil quality, microclimate, aesthetics, air quality, ground water quality, noise
1. Horticulture function to be contracted. Horticulture to be maintained by a trained horticulturist
2. An on-site nursery to be developed 3. All biodegradable waste to be composted
on-site and used as manure 4. Artificial nests, holes and artefacts to be
installed to increase habitat diversity of the vegetation and soft landscape
5. Vegetation leaves to be washed with recycled water once every two months
EMP
as pa
rt of
resp
onsib
le co
nstru
ction
, en
viron
menta
l com
plian
t ope
ratio
n, ad
dition
al/as
socia
ted en
viron
menta
l safe
guar
ds an
d so
cially
cons
cious
busin
ess p
racti
ce Project Site Operation
Head, Manager EHS, Horticulture Agency
1. Pollution status of the TSDF site to be urgently and immediately monitored and reviewed when any sign of leaf senescence and necrosis is observed in the sensitive observation plants as given in Annex XVII based on Guidelines for Developing Greenbelts, (PROBES/75/1999-2000), CPCB, March 2000 to be planted as given in Chapter 6 Environment Monitoring Programme, Figure 6.3.
2. Pollution status of the TSDF site to be urgently and immediately monitored and reviewed when any sign of leaf senescence and necrosis is observed in the greenbelt trees/shrubs
1. Continuously till facility operation till post closure and perpetuity
MIS including vegetation growth and health (such as survival rate, epical growth, girth, etc. as suggested by the hortiuturist) to be reviewed by the CEO and Board of Directors on a bi-monthly frequency
Environmental Impact Assessment Report Integrated TSDF, GIDC Vapi Vapi Waste and Effluent Management Company Ltd.
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8 Overall TSDF site
Dust
supp
ress
ion
on ro
ads/u
npav
ed
surfa
ces
Oper
ation
, till p
ost
closu
re Air quality 1. Dust suppression on any exposed soil
surface (including daily soil covers) using water bowsers carrying treated wastewater
EMP
as pa
rt of
proje
ct de
sign Landfill/Civil
Construction Manager, Project Site Operation Head, Manager EHS
1. Air pollution status of the TSDF site to be reviewed if the AAQ results (as proposed in Chapter 6 Environment Monitoring Programme, Table 6.1, Sr. 1.) are non-compliant for more than 48 hours
1. Continuously till facility operation till post closure and perpetuity
MIS including AAQ of the site to be reviewed by the CEO on a monthly frequency
9 Landfill
Plac
emen
t of w
aste,
daily
soil c
over
ing,
leach
ate m
anag
emen
t
Land
fill op
erati
on, ti
ll pos
t clos
ure Air quality,
occupational health
1. EMP will be part of the SOP of operation. No additional/special purpose EMP proposed
EMP
as pa
rt of
proje
ct de
sign Landfill/Civil
Construction Manager 1. Invasive tests to be carried out if ground
water parameters as given in Chapter 6 Environment Monitoring Programme, Table 6.2, Sr. 2. (any five critical/relevant parameters decided by the Manager EHS) start rising at a rate of 5% per month from the rolling baseline for two consecutive months
2. Immediate corrective action to be taken in case of any accidental spillage of leachate on the way to the CETP site
1. Continuously till facility operation till post closure and perpetuity
MIS including ground Water Observation Wells data of the site to be reviewed by the CEO on a monthly frequency, and the Board of Directors on a six-monthly basis
10 Landfill
Mons
oon C
over
ing
Land
fill op
erati
on Surface water 1. EMP will be part of the SOP of operation.
No additional/special purpose EMP proposed
EMP
as pa
rt of
envir
onme
ntally
comp
liant
oper
ation
Project Site Operation Head, Landfill/Civil Construction Manager
1. Covering to be inspected completely on a daily basis and corrective coverage actions to be immediately taken as soon as visual signs of un-coverings are observed
1. Continuously till facility operation
Integrity of the monsoon cover to be personally inspected and documented by the CEO every two weeks
11 Overall TSDF site
Stor
age/h
andli
ng of
was
te in
the w
areh
ouse
Haz..
Was
te W
areh
ouse
op
erati
on Occupational
health 1. EMP will be part of the SOP of operation.
No additional/special purpose EMP proposed
EMP
as pa
rt of
envir
onme
ntally
comp
liant
oper
ation
Manager EHS 1. Incidences of loss of containment or acute exposure of hazardous waste to the handling personnel
2. Any loss-time injury to trigger incidence investigation
1. Continuously till facility operation
All loss-time incidences investigation-ns to be documented and reviewed by the CEO on immediate basis
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12 Incinerator, MEE, TG and other utilities
Incine
rator
– wa
ste lo
ading
, gas
trea
tmen
t, slud
ge ha
ndlin
g, ME
and T
G op
erati
on
Incine
rator
, MEE
and T
G op
erati
on Air quality,
occupational health
1. EMP will be part of SOP of operation
EMP
as pa
rt of
proje
ct de
sign MEE, Incineration and
TG Operations Manager
1. Incidences of system leakage/hot surface exposure to trigger immediate LDAR measures
2. Any loss-time injury to trigger incidence investigation
3. Efficiency of APC Measures to be reviewed if the AAQ results (as proposed in Chapter 6 Environment Monitoring Programme, Table 6.1, Sr. 1.) are non-compliant for more than 48 hours
1. Continuously till facility operation
Stack emission parameters to be reviewed by the Project Site Operation Head on a daily basis, and the CEO on a monthly basis All loss-time incidences investigation-ns to be documented and reviewed by the CEO on immediate basis
13 Incinerator, MEE, TG and other utilities
Incine
rator
– wa
ste
loadin
g, ga
s tre
atmen
t, slu
dge h
andli
ng, M
E an
d TG
oper
ation
Incine
rator
, MEE
and
TG op
erati
on Noise 1. EMP as part of SOP of hardware/facility
maintenance
EMP
as pa
rt of
proje
ct de
sign a
nd
envir
onme
ntally
co
mplia
nt op
erati
on MEE, Incineration and
TG Operations Manager, Maintenance Team
1. Noise monitoring to be carried out by in-house hand-held noise meter on a bi-weekly frequency. Corrective actions to be taken if the noise at the site boundary exceeds 85 dB in the windward direction.
1. Continuously till facility operation
None specific
14 Overall TSDF site
Hous
ekee
ping
and t
raffic
ma
nage
ment
TSDF
oper
ation
Air quality, noise 1. All traffic to follow designated routes, always over paved surfaces
2. All traffic coming from the landfill to pass through the tyre wash area
3. All equipment of landfill operation to be in good order of maintenance (with respect to noise and tailpipe smoke)
EMP
as pa
rt of
envir
onme
ntally
co
mplia
nt op
erati
on Project Site Operation
Head, Manager EHS None specific 1. Continuously
till facility operation till post closure and perpetuity
None specific
D e c o m e s s i o n i n g P h a s e
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15 Landfill
Final
capp
ing of
land
fill,
monit
oring
of w
ells a
nd
perio
dic ci
vil m
ainten
ance
of
the la
ndfill
Land
fill cl
osur
e Ground water 1. Specific and details EMP to be prepared, discussed and got vetted by the landfill designing firm/suitably identified institute, and GPCB, and followed through rigorously
EMP
as pa
rt of
proje
ct de
sign
and e
nviro
nmen
tally
comp
liant
oper
ation
CEO, CFO 1. Invasive tests to be carried out if ground water parameters as given in Chapter 6 Environment Monitoring Programme, Table 6.2, Sr. 2. (any five critical/relevant parameters decided by the Manager EHS during operation phase) start rising at a rate of 5% per month from the rolling baseline for two consecutive months
1. From the date of complete -fill of landfill till post closure and perpetuity
Stage wise, rigorous documentati-on of the closure procedure reviewed by the Board of Directors on a monthly basis
16 Incinerator, MEE, TG and other utilities
Deco
mmiss
ioning
of al
l inne
r co
ntact
parts
of th
e har
dwar
e
Incine
rator
, MEE
and T
G clo
sure
Occupational health
1. Specific and details EMP to be prepared, discussed and got vetted by the a suitably identified institute and GPCB, and followed through rigorously
EMP
as pa
rt of
proje
ct de
sign Project Site Operation
Head, Manager EHS None specific 1. From the date
of cooldown of the incinerator till total equipment dismantling and scrapping
Stage wise, rigorous documentati-on of the closure procedure reviewed by the Board of Directors on a monthly basis
*please refer Figure 10.1 and 10.2
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Figure 10.1 EM Cell during Construction Phase
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Chapter 10 Environmental Management Plan
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Figure 10.2 EM Cell during Operation Phase
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Chapter 11
Summary and Conclusion
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Chapter 11 Summary and Conclusion
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Chapter 11
Summary and Conclusion
11.0 Vapi Waste and Effluent Management Company Ltd.
M/s Vapi Waste and Effluent Management Company Ltd. is a non-equity and non-profit society of
members of Vapi Industrial Area. VWEMCL is operating a common-user secured landfill of 900,000 MT
capacity on plot no. 4807 in GIDC, Phase IV, Vapi, Ta. Pardi, Distt. Valsad, Gujarat since 1999-2000.
The landfill laid out on 10.3 ha land provides TSDF services to 515 member units of Vapi GIDC. The
existing landfill is approaching its design capacity at an average in-fill rate of 15,000 MT/month.
This Report documents and presents outcomes of the Environmental Impact Assessment process carried
out for establishment of a greenfield, integrated Treatment Storage and Disposal Facility proposed inside
a notified industrial estate at Vapi, ta. Pardi, Dist. Valsad, Gujarat.
11.1 Proposed Project
VWEMCL is proposing a new waste management facility over a 14.5 ha land over Plot nos. 2519/P to
3432 (48 contagious survey numbers) within industrial estate of Vapi GIDC. The facility will have the
following components.
a. Landfill of 20,10,000 MT overall capacity, to be developed above-grade in cellular fashion, in
phases
b. Incinerator of 15,000 kg/hr
c. Co-generation system of 17 Ton/hr steam output
d. An electrical power generation system of 2 MW
e. A Multiple Effect Evaporator of 7500 l/hr effluent input
f. Auxiliary utilities
In addition, the proposal includes erection of a naturally aspirated, high-head storage shed of 8000 sq.m.
with flame proof electrical fittings, impervious flooring, leachate collection drains, suitable soft partition,
circulation area, loading/unloading bays, etc.
11.2 Need for the Project
The existing landfill is approaching its design capacity and a new landfill is required to continue the
hazardous waste storage and disposal service provided by the current landfill to its member units.
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There is an acute need for a common-user Hazardous Waste Incineration facility to serve about 16
GIDCs, numerous private industrial estates and isolated industries and 5 SEZs within 125 km catchment
of Vapi GIDC. The voluminous and toxic incinerable hazardous waste from south Gujarat is presently
being transported to the common user Incinerators of M/s BEIL, Ankleshwar GIDC about 180 km and of
M/s SEPPL, Samakhiyali, Kutch about 620 km, which is a wasteful practice; is unfavourable
transportation economics and also a large hazardous exposure on the already busy road transport
infrastructure of the state.
On-going process optimization and cleaner production initiatives in the industries in the GIDC have
resulted in effluent stream segregation. Several industries have identified and segregated streams which
have high TDS contents which can be put through evaporation for recovery of condensate-water and dry
salts for landfilling. Segregation of such streams and their treatment in a multiple effect evaporator (MEE)
will have a positive impact on volume reduction and the treatability of effluent in the 55 MLD CETP
being operated by VWEMCL.
A judicious integration of components of the TSDF is sought to optimise utilization of sensible heat from
the Incinerator for production of high-pressure steam which will serve another effluent disposal function
in operation of MEE and will produce electrical power to surpass operation requirement of the system and
be a power – positive project. The project will also gainfully utilise the non-hazardous plastic waste
stream from paper industries as auxiliary fuel. The salient features of the proposed project are given in
Table 11.1.
Table 11.1 Salient Features of the Project
Details of the Proposed project
a. Landfill of 20,10,000 MT overall capacity b. Incinerator of 15,000 kg/hr c. Co-generation system of 17 ton/hr steam output d. An electrical power generation system of 2 MW e. A Multiple Effect Evaporator of 7500 l/hr effluent input f. Auxiliary utilities
LOCATION OF PLANT PROJECT Village Vapi, Ta: Pardi District & State Valsad & Gujarat Coordinates of the Plant site 200 21’ 49.02’’ N 720 57’ 24.69’’E Elevation 21 m above MSL GENERAL CLIMATIC CONDITIONS Mean Maximum Temperature 37.2°C Mean Minimum Temperature 11.6°C Relative Humidity 24 – 100 % (Average Annual) Annual Rainfall 1500 - 2200 mm (Average Annual) Wind Pattern West (from during Summer Season) Seismic Zone Seismic zone III as per IS 1893 (Part 1) 2002 HISTORICAL / IMPORTANT PLACES
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Archaeological/Historically Important Site None within the 10 km* radius
Water bodies Damanganga River –~ 5.4 km south from the Project Site Kolak River ~ 3.4 km north from the Project Site
Forest Area None within the 10 km* radius Sanctuaries / National Parks None within the 10 km* radius NEAREST HABITATION Nearest village ( habitation) Karvad Village – Approx. 1 Km* Nearest Taluka head quarter Pardi Taluka Panchayat Office – Approx.16 Km* Other villages in the area Chhiri, Pandhor, Rohina, Lavachha, Chandod, Kocharva ROAD NETWORK Road to the project site Approach road to project site is available Distance from State highway SH No.185 - Approx. 7 Km* OTHER TSDF IN THE AREA Existing TSDF of VWEMCL 1.4 Km* RAILWAY INFRASTRUCTURE Nearest Railway station Vapi approx. 5 km*
Note : *Aerial Distance
11.3 Statutory Clearances
The proposed activity is covered in the schedule of EIA Notification, 2006 (amended 2009, 2011, 2013,
2014, 2015) in ‘7(d) Common Hazardous Waste Treatment Storage and Disposal Facilities’ – Category
A (All integrated facilities having incineration & landfill or incineration alone). Additionally, since the
proposed location is within 10 km from the interstate boundary of the UT of Daman, it has to be cleared
by the MoEF CC under ‘General Condition’ of the Notification. Since the proposed integrated TSDF is
inside a notified Industrial Estate, per III, (i) (b) of the EIA Notification, public hearing is not applicable
on the project. ToR Letter was issued by the MoEF (F.No.10-16/2013/IA/III, dated 2nd December, 2013)
The EIS Report has been prepared under following guidelines of CPCB and MoEFCC:
1. Guidelines for conducting EIA : Site selection for CHWMF (HAZWOMS/25/2003-04), CPCB,
October, 2003
2. Technical EIA Guidance Manual for Common Hazardous Waste TSDF, IL&FS Ecosmart,
August, 2010
3. EIA Notification, 2006 (amended), Appendix III – Generic Structure of EIA Document
11.4 Integrated Waste Management Facility
The project is proposed over a plot area of 14.5 ha. Landfill will occupy about 7.87 ha area (54% of total
area). Greenbelt and open spaces will cover 3.2ha area (22% of the total area). The site will be
approachable through a 20 m wide GIDC road. The site will have 6 m wide greenbelt and a 6 m wide
peripheral road for circulation. Size of the landfill and features of key systems of the TSDF is given in
Table 11.2.
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Table 11.2 Technical Details of Landfill
Sr. Technical specifications Value 1 Total waste filling landfill area 7.87 ha 2 Quantity of waste to be disposed 20,10,000 MT 3 Volume of waste to be disposed 16,08,000 m3 4 Bulk density of compacted solid waste 1.8 MT/m3 5 Waste application height 9 Meters 6 Bottom slope (Traverse) 3% 7 Leachate drainage slope (Longitudinal) 1.5% 8 Inner side slopes of Embankment 1:2 (V:H) 9 Outer side slopes of Embankment 1:2.5 (V:H) 10. Monitoring wells Six (two u/s, two d/s, two either sides
Technical details including proposed sizes, required installation area and feed capacity of the incinerator,
Co-generation system, MEE and Power generation system including their ancillary utilities are given in
Table 11.3.
Table 11.3 Technical Details of Incinerator, Co-generation, MEE and Power Generation
Sr. System, Installation
Area (LxWxH in m)
Capacity Feed Flow (Kg/hr)
1. Waste Incinerator (30 x 30 x 15)
Solid waste (Dry) handling capacity of 6,665 kg/hr and total capacity of handling waste of 15,000 kg/hr (including moisture) with thermal capacity of 25,500 kWh/hr, Flue gas treatment system, auto feeding and ash removal system.
Primary sludge 6670 Secondary sludge Plastic waste Other Incinerable waste Moisture 7500
2. Waste Heat Recovery Boiler (20 x 20 x 10)
Waste heat recovery boiler of 17 TPH & 40 ATA capacity with desuperheater & economizer.
Boiler feed water 14200 Boiler feed water top up 1420 Flue gases at 1100 0C to steam generator
58500
3. Co-Generation System (50 x 50 x 10)
Condensing steam turbine of 2 MW capacity. Electrical generator of 2
MW capacity. Steam condenser of 8 MW
thermal capacity. Cooling tower of 2500 TR
capacity.
Steam at 40 bar & 500 0C to steam turbine
11900
Cooling water in condenser 1360000 Cooling tower water top up 17204
4. Multiple Effect Evaporator (12 x 08 x 18)
Quadruple effect evaporator with feeding capacity of 150 KL/day (7500 Litre/hr.) integrated with stripper & Agitated Thin Film Dryer (ATFD).
Effluent feed to MEE 7500 Steam @ 6 bar to MEE 2263
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The incinerator will require Natural Gas as auxiliary fuel to the tune of 1800 kg/hr. Natural gas will be
supplied by Gujarat Gas Company Ltd. through a NG valve skid. Approximately 400-600 liters of HSD
fuel will be required by the equipment in the landfill operation. Fuel will be procured in 200 l MS drums
on a daily and transferred to the equipment using hand operated gear pumps.
About 55 skilled manpower and 200 contract labours (including security personnel) will be needed for
operation of the TSDF.
11.5 Baseline Environment Studies for EIA
An area covered within 10 km from the approximate centre point of the Project Site has been considered
as the study area for generation of environmental baseline and evaluation of impacts from the proposed
project. Baseline environmental studies for the plant site were carried out during the out in the summer
months of 2014 (Ambient Air Quality, Noise) and 2015 (Surface and Ground Water, Soil, Ecology and
Biodiversity, Geology and Hydrogeology, and Socio Economic status).
11.5.1 Hydrology
The elevation of the site varies from 32 m MSL in the south to 31 m MSL in the north and north west.
The site is a flat land with gentle slopes towards west and north east. There is no surface drainage of
significance in close neighbourhood. The Damanganga River stream is at a distance of 5 km from the
Project Site and River Kolak, another small, perennial, westward flowing river about 3.5 km away. High
flood lines of both rivers are within few meters of the river banks; the Project Site is too far away to be
effected by high floods in both the rivers.
11.5.2 Geology and Soil
The study area and close surroundings comprise of weathered vescicular basaltic rock. The soil extends
up to 1 to 1.5 m below ground level followed by weathered basalt. It is then underlain by hard basalt
encountered at a depth. The depth of the bore wells vary from 20 to 80 m. The yield of the bore wells very
between 60 to 120 lpm (i.e. 1 to 2 lps).
11.5.3 Land use
Agriculture/crop land is the dominant landuse of the Impact Area. Builtup land occupies about 36.89
sq.km, water bodies occupy around 11.09 sq.km., crop land around 213.5 sq.km, wastelands around 48.72
sq.km and other land 4.7 sq.km. Industrial area and settlements forms only 4.8 % and 6.9 % of the
landuse respectively.
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11.5.4 Meteorology
Vapi experiences moderate summers, short winters and heavy rainy season. The mean maximum
temperature of the area is 37.2° C, and means minimum temperature is 11.6° C. Humidity ranges between
24-100 percent. The district receives between 1500 to 2200 mm of rainfall aminly during south west
monsoon. Predominant wind direction is W-SW-NW during Southwest Monsoon months, i.e. June to
October. During the winter months, the wind direction is from N -NE. The average annual wind velocity
is 6 to 9 km/hr.
11.5.5 Ambient Air Quality
The Project Site is on the leeward side of GIDC Industrial Estate according to the wind regimen of winter
months - which is most critical period from ambient air quality point of view. The Site forms the eastern
extremity of the Industrial Estate. Site being within/close to industrial estate, summary parameters like -
Particulate Matter (PM10), Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Sulphur dioxide (SO2) and Oxides of Nitrogen
(NOX) were selected for documentation of baseline. Predominant wind direction, population zone and
location where maximum GLC is anticipated have been considered for selection of air monitoring
locations.
Table 11.4. AAQ Sampling Stations
Sam. Point
Location Distance from Project Site (km)
Direction Rationale for site selection
AAQ1 Project site -- AAQ2 Karvad village (terrace of
Gram Panchayat office) 0.8 SW Nearfield, downwind
AAQ3 Chhiri village (landing of the village water tank)
1.8 NW Nearfield, crosswind
AAQ4 Pandhor village (terrace of Gram Panchayat office)
3 NE Nearfield, upwind
AAQ5 Rohina village (Nr. Gram Panchayat office, near Bank of Baroda)
9.5 NE Farfield, upwind
AAQ6 Vapi GIDC (main gate of Kundar Chemicals)
5.3 W Nearfield, high baseline for AAQ due to operating GIDC industrial estate
AAQ7 Lavachha village (near Gram Panchayat office)
7.7 SE Farfield, crosswind
AAQ8 Chanod colony (terrace of Mayur Appts, Bhula Nagar Colony)
4.3 SW Nearfield, downwind
AAQ9 Kocharva (Kumbhar Falia) 1.12 NE Nearfield, upwind, may be effected by stack downwash, fugitive emissions
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AAQ10 Dungri Falia (terrace of Darpan Cinema)
2.3 SW Nearfield, downwind, may be effected by stack downwash, fugitive emissions
Table 11.5. Ambient Air Monitoring Results (Period - Summer 2014)
Location
PM10 (µg/m3)
PM2.5 (µg/m3)
SO2
(µg/m3) NOx
(µg/m3) AA1
Project Site Average 95.5 51.7 17.3 22.8 98‰ 119.5 80.0 22.7 28.9
AA2
Karvad Village
Average 142.0 67.6 26.2 18.1 98‰ 156.1 87.6 30.8 22.7
AA3 Chhiri village
Average 84.0 46.9 14.5 20.2 98‰ 95.8 53.2 17.5 22.7
AA4
Pandhor Village
Average 80.7 39.8 10.4 15.2 98‰ 88.7 48.0 12.5 16.8
AA5
Rohina Village
Average 96.2 58.4 13.0 16.3 98‰ 109.2 71.9 16.6 19.2
AA6 Kundar Chemicals (Vapi GIDC)
Average 168.5 111.5 30.2 14.0 98‰ 192.3 135.9 36.0 17.3
AA7 Lavachha Village
Average 109.2 66.8 15.4 19.4 98‰ 122.3 94.6 19.9 25.7
AA8 Chanod Colony
Average 121.9 49.4 19.3 13.7
98‰ 150.2 65.2 27.6 16.5
A9 Kocharva Village
Average 96.1 47.8 11.0 11.2
98‰ 112.3 54.7 12.6 13.2
AA10 Dungri Falia
Average 119.5 61.7 29.4 24.0 98‰ 136.8 75.5 34.8 26.8
NAAQS Standards 24 hourly avg
100 60 80 80
The AAQ stations in the Impact Area exhibited more than 100 µg/m3 of PM10. Even farfield crosswind
and upwind stations such as Lavaccha and Rohina showed PM10 values higher than NAAQS standard.
High PM10 values in the predominately rural (no apparent impact by industrial activity due to large
distance) stations could be attributed by dry season and harvesting/agricultural activity going on the area.
PM2.5 values in all the AAQ stations were recorded almost near the NAAQS levels, except inside the
GIDC estate where they were much above the standards. NOx and SO2 - pollutants from fuel combustion
origin (industril or traffic) were well below the NAAQS standards uniformaly across all AAQ stations
indicating that the point-industrial sources of the industrial estate were under compliance. This also
indicates that a major source of particulates in the Impact Area is of fugitive emission (both indusrial and
traffic) origin.
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11.5.6 Ambient Noise Quality
Since noise follows similar principles of propagation and attenuation as that of air pollutants, and is
mostly couples with the same sources as that of air pollution, sampling for noise was carried at the AAQ
stations. Day time noise was monitored between 6:00 AM to 10:00 PM, night time noise was monitored
between 10:00 PM to 6:00 AM.
Twelve hourly averaged noise levels in the entire village and the project site are within noise standards
prescribed for residential and industrial areas, respectively. Noise in the sampling sites are from local
origin as industrial noise from GIDC are observed to be attenuated within few hundred meters from the
GIDC boundary.
11.5.7 Water Quality Selected water quality parameters of ground water resources and surface water resources within the
project area were considered for assessing the water environment.
11.5.7A Surface Water
Sampling locations for surface water in the impact area were selected based on a reconnaissance survey.
Sampling locations with rationale of selection are given in Table 11.6.
Table 11.6. Surface Water Sampling Stations Sam. Point
Location Distance from Project
Site (km)
Direction Rationale for site selection
SW1 Karvad village talav 0.82 SW Large, community user natural source water body near proposed site
SW2 Kocharva village talav 0.55 NE Large, community user natural source water body near proposed site
SW3 Natural drain west of existing landfill (downstream (flow wise))
1.6 SW Drain receiving treated sewages (soak pit overflows) and sundry discharges from GIDC estate
SW4 Natural drain immediate south of existing landfill
1.2 SW Water body abutting the existing landfill boundary wall, visibly polluted from waste dumping by scrap dealers on the other side of the drain, low flow during summer season
SW5 Natural drain west of existing landfill (upstream (flow wise))
1.4 WSW Drain receiving treated sewages (soak pit overflows) and sundry discharges from GIDC estate
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SW6 Irrigation canal near proposed TSDF site
0.30 SW Fluvial water body (intermittent man made flow) near proposed site, for pre-project baseline
SW7 Rata river, (tributary of Kolak river, near road bridge, Vapi Ambach road
1.96 NW Nearest perennial, fluvial water body with upstream watershed characteristics, low anthropogenic and no industrial effluent load (at the point of sampling)
Water quality of the Kocharva and Karvad talav which carried water for the whole year meets most of the
water quality parameters of IS 10500:2012 including minerals, heavy metals and specific pollutants such
as mineral oil, pesticides, etc. However, COD and BOD and presence of coliforms makes it non-potable
without treatment. The water is used for supplementary irrigation and sundry usages such as cattle
washing. Water quality in the natural drains flowing south and west of the existing site is poor in most of
the parameters. High COD and BOD, presence of pesticide – Lindane (in two samples), heavy metals
such as chromium, mercury and lead confirms industrial or anthropogenic pollution in the streams. Water
quality of the Rata river is typical of a fluvial river not highly polluted by anthropogenic/industrial
sources. However, presence of coliforms in the river samples makes it unsuitable for human consumption
without treatment. Irrigation canal water coursing from the west of the proposed site is similar to river
water in quality as its source is water from river Damanganga.
11.5.7B Ground Water
Ground water is the prime source of water for drinking and backyard irrigation in the rural habitations in
the Impact Area. Almost all the households in the nearby habitations have kitchen-level RO water
purifiers for potable usage. Owing to good rainfall in the South Gujarat region, ground water is available
at relatively lower depths of 30-100 m throughout the year. Sampling and analysis of water samples for
physical and chemical parameters and heavy metal analysis were undertaken as per IS 3025 & APHA
method.
Table 11.7 Ground Water Sampling Stations
Sam. Point
Location Distance from Project Site (km)
Direction Rationale for site selection
GW1 Karvad village borewell
0.8
S
Nearest rural habitations in the direction to the proposed TSDF. Groundwater from unconfined aquifer is the prime source of water.
GW2 Karvad village openwell
GW3 Kocharva village borewell
1.1
SW
Nearest rural habitations in the direction to the proposed TSDF. Groundwater from unconfined aquifer is the prime source of water.
GW4 Kocharva village openwell
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Sam. Point
Location Distance from Project Site (km)
Direction Rationale for site selection
GW5 Vadiavad village borewell
0.53 N Nearest rural habitations in the direction to the proposed TSDF. Groundwater from unconfined aquifer is the prime source of water.
GW6 Vadiavad village openwell
GW7 Dungri falia borewell
1.95 NW Nearest industrial settlement/semi-urban habitation dependant solely on ground water for potable/commercial usage.
Almost all samples are high in calcium, magnesium, hardness and alkalinity which are suspected from
lithological/geological origin, acquired during infiltration through upper layers of soil. Specific pollutants
of industrial origin such as mineral oil, phenolic compounds, heavy metals, etc. are absent in all the
samples. Specific pesticides are also absent in all the samples.
11.5.8 Soil Quality
Soil Sampling was carried out in the summer season of 2015. Sampling and analysis of 5 soil samples for
physical and chemical parameters were carried out.The soil texture is sandy loam type. The pH of the soil
samples collected were in the range of 6.98 to 7.84 indicating slightly acidic nature. The Nitrogen content
in the soils was found to be in the range of 130 – 230 kg / ha. Potassium level was found to be in the
range of 84 to 147 kg / ha. The organic carbon % was found to be in the range of 0.28 – 0.46 %
11.5.9 Biological Environment
Western and northern extremes of Impact Area have significant terrestrial and aquatic, floral and faunal
diversity due to natural vegetation and rich habitat diversity. Central part of the Impact Area with intense
industrial and urban growth has limited biodiversity comprising mostly of hangers-on species.
Biodiversity of the area near the proposed site was found influenced highly by heavy industrialization and
urbanization. Riverine ecosystem especially downstream of Vapi weir was found in degraded state.
11.5.10 Socio-Economic Environment
Socio Economic environment studies included gathering and interpretation of information about
population in study area, demographic profile, occupational profile, and literacy rate of the population
staying in study area from Census of India, 2011. The information was supplemented by a focused
questionnaire survey in the habitations in the Impact Area, mainly to identify standard of living, income
sources and health in various villages in the study area.
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11.6 Impact and Mitigation Measures
11.6.1 Impacts due to Location
Since the number of member industries and quantum of hazardous waste for landfilling is not expected to
increase significantly in the proposed landfill, no significant additional impact is envisaged due to the
proposed location of the TSDF.
The proposed TSDF site albeit being inside the notified GIDC will be closer to agricultural fields and
human habitations in comparison to the existing landfill site. However, since there will not be any
discharge from the activities inside the TSDF site, no direct negative impact on agricultural practice is
envisaged. Emissions from the incinerator will be dispersed by a 50 m tall stack to ground concentrations
much below statutory levels as prescribed in National Ambient Air Quality Standards, CPCB, November,
2009. Mitigation plan will be put into place to control fugitive emissions from operation of landfill,
incinerator, MEE and the power plant. Effectiveness of mitigation measures will be continuously
monitored by environmental monitoring plan suggested.
11.6.2 Impacts due to Possible Accidents
The proposed integrated TSDF will handle following hazardous material:
a. Landfillable hazardous waste
b. Chemicals for pre-treatment and stabilization of landfillable waste
c. Incinerable hazardous waste
d. Sludges from gas cleaning arrangement of the incinerator
e. Incineration ash
Hazards from all facility/operations have been identified and assessed. Based on severity of the hazard
and frequency of occurrence, specific management plan have been laid and addressed in Risk Assessment
and Disaster Management Plan.
11.6.3 Impacts due to Construction
First phase of the landfill of the integrated TSDF will take about four to five months to construct and
commission. Expansion of the landfill will commence about five or six weeks before the projected date of
fill-up and capping of the previous phase. Bulk of the construction in the landfill will comprise earth
movement for construction of the perimeter bund.
Construction of incinerator, MEE, power plant and other utilities and amenities will have civil work
comprising equipment foundation and plinth level works (except Administration building also housing
the waste inspection lab which will be completely built civil structures). This construction will also be
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completed within four to five months period. Most of the equipment of the TSDF components will be
ordered in pre-fabricated form and will be erected/ assembled at the site.
11.6.4 Impacts due to Decommissioning and Rehabilitation
Based on present rate of infill in the existing landfill, the proposed landfill will have a designed life of
about 10 to 11 years. However the incinerator system, MEE and power plant will have a design life of
about 40 years.
Closure and post closure of the landfill will be carried out as per guidelines issued by the CPCB in
accordance with Chapter-V Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facility for Hazardous Wastes, Hazardous
Wastes (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2008. Closure of the last phase of
the landfill will have impacts similar to that of construction of the landfill. Except for periodic monitoring
of the ground water monitoring wells and maintaining integrity of the slopes and top vegetative layer of
the landfill, there will not be any sizable activity in the post closure phase of the landfill to cause any
environmental impact whatsoever. The landfill part of the TSDF may be used for setting up PV Panels for
generation of solar energy based on techno-economic feasibility which will be carried out later.
A draft decommissioning plan of the incinerator, MEE power plant is also given, which shall be finalized
and appropriately followed before decommissioning of the non-landfill components of the TSDF.
11.7 Measures for Minimising and/or Offsetting Adverse Impacts Identified
An impact mitigation plan has been prepared to minimise/offset negative impacts arising from setting up
and operation of the proposed integrated TSDF.
The mitigative measures are classified into four classes, as follows:
a. Mitigation measure as part of project design
b. Mitigation measure as part of responsible construction
c. Mitigation measure as part of environmental compliant operation
d. Mitigation measure as part of additional/associated environmental safeguards
e. Mitigation measure as part of socially conscious business practice
11.7A Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitments of Environmental Components
Some of the impacts likely to arise from setting up, operation and decommissioning of the proposed
integrated TSDF arising will be irreversible. Special attention is given to irreversible negative impacts as
they cannot be reversed and may cause irrevocable damage if not attended properly and in time.
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11.7B Assessment of Significance of Impacts
A modified Leopold matrix method has been followed to assess impacts likely to arise from various
activities of the proposed integrated TSDF in its lifetime on various environmental attributes. The
significance of the impact warranting a specific impact mitigation action is also systematically discussed.
Impact of 40 activities of the proposed integrated TSDF (distributed into Construction, Operation and
Decommissioning phase) have been identified and graded on 23 identified relevant environmental
attributes (namely, duration of impact, nature, magnitude and scope). The impacts have been first divided
into adverse and beneficial, then their severity has been ranked based on attributes, e.g. any impact which
is long term, major and regional is ranked high; impact which is short term, major and regional is
medium, and impact which is short term, minor and local is ranked low.
Soil deposition for earthen gravity bund construction/RE wall construction (Construction phase) is a
major activity both by volume of work and duration of activity wise, which may have major adverse
environmental impacts (classified under Regional impact) over several environmental attributes on a site
not under direct control and administration of the project proponent. Design and implementation a
mitigation measure targeted towards vendor/supplier of the activity is essential to effectively practice the
mitigation measure proposed for this activity.
Similarly operation of the Incinerator, MEE and power has major adverse environmental impacts on Air
quality, Noise and Occupational health. Incremental/additional impact on air quality of the area due to
introduction of a permanent point source of emission have been estimated based on mathematical
modelling for dispersal of pollutants in the atmosphere carried out on a Gaussian Plume Model.Based on
the modelling results, the highest incremental increase in concentration of SO2 occurs at coordinates in
the WNW direction at a distance of 492 m and the incremental increase is 2.8 µg/m3.Similarly the highest
incremental increase in concentration of NOx occurs at coordinates in the WNW direction at a distance of
492 m and the incremental increase is 5.63 µg/m3. The highest incremental increase in concentration of
PM occurs at coordinates in the WNW direction at a distance of 492 m and the incremental increase is
0.73 µg/m3. The impacts are directed towards the GIDC and away from habitations in the E and SE
direction.
11.8A Site Alternatives
The present site has been selected after thorough examination of three alternate sites of relative size,
depending on the availability of un-utilized land in the vicinity of the Vapi GIDC. A quantitative
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comparative study of the identified sites was carried out based on the Rejection or Knock-out Criteria
prescribed for site-identification of TSDF sites by CPCB. Three sites were selected (Site A, B and C).
Site A is summarily unsuitable due to its proximity to the Damanganga river, Rofell college and a Daman
and Vapi towns. Site B though meeting few attributes of a landfill site is unsuitable due to its proximity
with Azad Nagar, a habitation cluster south west of it. It also falls in the overflow path of the Karvad
talav, thus experiences flooding for few days in the monsoon days. Additionally the site has been used for
sun-drying of recycled paper sheets used for packing by hand made paper since a long time, and also for
dumping of waste since a long time.
11.8B Alternative Technology
The landfill has been designed as an above grade landfill with 30 m base width earth gravity embankment
wall. However, there is an alternate and superior technology for construction of the embankment wall
called Paramesh Wall (Cable stayed, filled Gabion Structure) which has found application in several
water retaining, embankment and slope stabilization structures in the country. No technically unproven
technology is proposed for construction or operation of the Incinerator, MEE and power generation
system.
11.9 Environmental Monitoring Plan
Monitoring of the TSDF in operational phase is spread over monitoring of the following components
a) Hazardous waste Incinerator - Ambient air quality, Stack gas (details given in Table 11.8)
b) Secured Landfill – Vent gases of the capped landfill, Ground water, Surface water, Soil,
Biological indicators (Details given in Table 11.9)
A provisional budget of Rs. 75 Lacs will be made for the sampling and analysis of environmental
parameters the TSDF in the first year of operation ending financial year. Firm budget based on zero-base
budgeting principle will be made from the second year of operation. M/s VWEMCL will exercise no
constraint on budget of mandatory/recommended environmental monitoring of the integrated TSDF.
Table 11.8 Environmental Monitoring of Incinerator
Sr. Parameter Location Frequency 1 Ambient air quality –
PM10, PM2.5, NOx and SOx
Three ambient air quality monitoring stations, two upwind, one downwind 1200 angle around the TSDF.
Minimum of 104 measurements in a year taken twice a week, 24 hourly
2 Ambient air quality - Total Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH)
Same sampling locations as above Twice in an year (pre-monsoon and post-monsoon, say in the second week of January and third week of May
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3 SO2, NOx, HCl, CO In the stack monitoring port Continuously using on-line monitoring system
4 Particulate matter, HCL, SO2, CO, TOC, HF, NOx, total dioxins and furans, Cd, Th and their compounds, Hg and its compound, Sb, As, Pb, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, V and their compounds1
In the stack monitoring port
Quarterly, spaced out by three months, out of which two sampling occasions to be concurrent with AAQ (VOC and PAH) as given in Sr. 2 above
Table 11.9 Environmental Monitoring of Landfill
Sr. Parameter Location Frequency 1 Vent gas - VOCs and
H2S All landfill cap vents
once in a month
2 Ground Water - pH, Colour, EC, Turbidity (NTU), SS, TDS, TOC, COD, heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr, Hg, Ni), Fe, CN, F, As and Mn, Cl, NO3, SO4, TKN, Total Alkalinity, Total hardness and Total Pesticides
Four monitoring wells2 Once in the second week of every month
3 Surface waters - pH, Colour, EC, Turbidity (NTU), SS, TDS, TOC, DO, BOD, COD, heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr, Hg, Ni), Fe, CN, F, As and Mn, Cl, NO3, SO4, TKN, Total Alkalinity, Total hardness.
Karvad talav, Kocharva talav Second week of every quarter, out of which two sampling occasions to be concurrent with AAQ (VOC and PAH) as given in Sr. 2 above
1 Environment (Protection) Fifth Amendment Rules, 2008 dated 26 June 2008 (Annex XVI) 2 The ground water flow direction has to be ascertained periodically and reported at least once in three years so as to know any changes in the ground water flow directions due to any changes in the local conditions such as draw down of ground water.
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Chapter 12
Disclosure of Consultants Engaged
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Chapter 12
Disclosure of Consultants Engaged 12.0 EIA Consultant
Aditya Environmental Services Pvt. Ltd. is a Mumbai based consultancy organization rendering a wide
range of environment related services since more than twenty five years. Our client list includes some of
the foremost industrial and business houses in India, international financial institutions, Governmental
and semi Governmental bodies, etc. We have a team of qualified and experienced persons from various
disciplines to handle complex assignments. In addition, we have a pool of highly qualified experts from
related and specialized fields to draw upon should an assignment dictate so.
12.1 Range of Services
12.1.1 Environmental Planning Studies
Environmental Planning requires special attention as the issues involved need thorough understanding of
the environmental situation and forces affecting it. In addition to environmental sectors, many other
aspects also need to be taken into consideration while carrying out environmental planning. Collection,
generation and assimilation of voluminous data is a pre-requisite for any kind of planning exercise. We
have necessary experience of preparing inventories of various environmental attributes to aid diligent,
credible and scientific environmental planning.
Some of the notable assignments successfully completed include project URBAIR for MEIP-Mumbai
under World Bank funding, and Inventory of Hazardous Waste Generation in the state of Maharashtra.
12.1.2 Policy Planning Studies
We have undertaken research studies necessary for developing environmental policies, plans and
formulating rules for prestigious clients such as Central Pollution Control Board, Ministry of
Environment and Forests, Government of India, and other agencies such as World Bank. Aspects covered
under policy planning include undertaking national level surveys of the industrial sector (to gauge
magnitude of the problem), identifying key environmental parameters, monitoring to assess/evaluate
existing control techniques, assessment of control options and reviewing international legislations on the
industry. We then formulate various alternatives for consideration of implementing agencies to apply in
the local context. Some of the notable assignments in policy planning include Development of
Hydrocarbon Emission Standards for Petrochemical Industry for CPCB, and Development of Automobile
Emission Norms for Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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12.1.3 EIA and EMP
We undertake Environmental Impact Assessment studies for new industrial/developmental projects and
expansion of existing activities. The study results are used to formulate Environment Management Plan
for mitigation of adverse impacts due to the project and for achieving improvement of environmental
conditions. The studies are conducted as per guidelines of MoEFCC, World Bank (OP 4.01)/Asian
Development Bank and as required by the client. Both rapid (covering baseline environmental monitoring
for one season) and comprehensive (covering baseline environmental monitoring for one season) studies
can be undertaken by us as per demands of the project. Based on these studies, we also assist the client to
obtain Environmental Clearance from Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change, State EIA
Authorities, State Department of Environments, Coastal Zone Management Authorities, Pollution Control
Boards and other regulatory/financial agencies as per scaling requirements.
We have successfully completed several assignments for Chemical/Petrochemical industries, Power
Generation Projects, Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ), Mining, CDM Projects (Wind Farms), Construction
and Highway projects in Maharashtra, Haryana, Goa, Karnataka, Rajasthan and Gujarat. Such
assignments can be taken by us on a turnkey basis covering clearance of the project from State Pollution
Control Board, Dept. of Environment and/or Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change,
Govt. of India.
We are accredited by Quality Council of India - National Accreditation Board for Education and Training
(NABET) as EIA consultant for following twelve sectors.
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12.1.4 Risk Assessment Studies
We carry out HAZOP (Hazard and Operability) studies and Risk Assessment studies for projects
involving handling of chemicals. The HAZOP studies help identify hazards in operations whereas the
Risk Assessment studies help to ascertain extent of damage likely in case of an accident involving
chemicals. The output from the study helps to give pointers for effective on site/off site emergency
management. MoEFCC requires all units handling hazardous chemicals to present Risk Assessment
report along with EIA studies, before granting Environmental Clearance to the project. We have
completed several HAZOP and Risk Assessment assignments for various chemical, petrochemical,
drug/synthetic organic chemical manufacturing industries and pipeline projects.
12.1.5 On Site/Off Site Emergency Management Plan
We have prepared Onsite/Off Site emergency management plan and have provided assistance in setting
up of procedures and creating an organization for effective disaster preparedness as part of EC and RA of
several projects. Some of the notable assignments in DMP include Preparation of Framework for
Emergency Response Centre at Patalganga on behalf of PRIA.
12.1.6 Environment, Health and Safety Audits
We have an interdisciplinary team of chemical and environmental engineers with good knowledge of
process chemistry for conducting a range of audits such as Environmental, Health & Safety Audits and
Aspect Identification for ISO 14000 certification. The benefits of a good audit can be manifold, such as
establishment of present status of manufacturing units, identification of shortcomings/problem areas and
setting up targets for improvement as well as to fulfill statutory requirements.
12.1.7 Dispersion Modeling Studies
We have carried out modeling studies to ascertain impact on air and water environment due to existing as
well as proposed pollution sources. Dispersion modeling to gauge impact on air quality is routinely
carried out as part of EIA studies. We have carried out such studies for industrial & highway projects. In
addition, impact on noise levels is also gauged for high way projects. The project URBAR involved
multiple source mathematical modeling using KILDER, a model developed by NILU wherein emissions
over a 40 km x 20 km grid were modeled. Notable assignments for water modeling includes dispersion
modeling for pesticide industry discharge into Cumbarzua canal connecting Zuari & Mondovi rivers in
Goa, thus having bi-directional flows during high/low tides.
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12.1.8 Environmental Due Diligence Audits
Environmental Due Diligence Audits are being increasingly resorted to by multinational corporations
before acquiring manufacturing facility and/or businesses in India to ascertain environmental status in the
areas of soil, land and ground water, and to ascertain current and future environmental liabilities of a
company. With an in-house strength in geology and environmental engineering we are ideally suited to
take up such assignments. Some of the notable jobs include assessment of automobile manufacturing unit
near Bangalore for FIAT Engg, Italy and assessment of chemical manufacturing units in MIDC, Tarapur.
12.1.9 Environmental Training and Awareness
We have conducted programs to train employees in environment, health and safety in handling of
chemicals, importance of environmental protection, disaster management and legal issues. We have tied
up with professionals in the fields of mass communication and advertising in order to spread the message
of environment protection on a mass scale. We have also conducted opinion polls for projects to
understand people’s perception on environmental issues. Some of the notable jobs include planning and
implementing awareness programs on environmental impacts before Sinhasta Kumbh Mela at
Trimbakeshwar, Nasik for Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran and Department of Environment, Government
of Maharashtra, teachers training program for villages around Patalganga Rasayani Industrial Area, and
Establishment of Emergency Response Centre. We have formed a group of enthusiastic professionals
under the banner of Centre of Environmental Awareness to help conduct these programs.
12.1.10 Project Management Consultancy for installing Effluent Treatment Plant
We provide comprehensive consultancy services in the area of design, execution supervision and O&M in
CETPs. Span of services include study of effluent sources, their characterization and assessment of
options for effluent treatment, preparation of Techno-Economic Feasibility, detailed designing,
identification of vendors, on-site execution supervision, commissioning support and operation assistance.
We also have unique experience in treatment-troubleshooting, debottlenecking and performance
optimization in industrial ETPs operating on strong/complex effluent.
Some of our clients for comprehensive O&Ms of ETPS include IG Petrochemicals, Taloja & Reliance
Industries Ltd., Patalganga who have relied on us since last fifteen years.
Environmental Impact Assessment Report Integrated TSDF, GIDC Vapi Vapi Waste and Effluent Management Company Ltd.
Chapter 12 Disclosure of Consultants Engaged
Environmental Consultant Page 5 Aditya Environmental Services Pvt. Ltd.
12.1.11 Environmental Monitoring Surveys
Our laboratory for environmental monitoring is certified under ISO 9001:2008 & OHSAS 1800:2007.
The laboratory is fully geared up to monitor all environmental parameters. We have trained staff
comprising scientists and engineers to undertake evaluation of any kind of environmental problems.
We have experience and expertise in following types of surveys:
- Compliance monitoring as per PCB Consent/Environmental Clearance conditions
- Work room/ventilation assessment studies
- Prformance evaluation of air pollution control systems and ETPs
- Noise level surveys/illumination surveys
- Water/wastewater analysis for industrial effluents & sewage
- Marine water quality assessments & marine ecology studies
- Soil contamination assessment
- Soil fertility studies
- Hazardous waste analysis
- Clean room assessments
- Microbiological studies
12.1.12 Compliance Services
AESPL maintains a separate compliance cell which assists companies to comply with all environmental
legislations such as obtaining consents from pollution control boards, filing regular returns under various
environmental laws and replying to queries/letters/questionnaires sent by Boards.
We also take up filing of regular compliance reports to MoEFCC after obtaining Environmental
Clearance.