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7/31/2019 Environmental Engineering NSF
1/15
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NSF Directorate for Engineering | Division ofChemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems (CBET)
Environmental Engineering and Sustainability Cluster
Environmental EngineeringProgram Director - Paul L. Bishop [email protected]
Trends in Research Education
Program Topical Areas
Research Project Examples
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Tools and techniques in areas of measurements,analysis, modeling, and synthesis are becomingincreasingly sophisticated
This requires interfacing with more science and
engineering areas
Refocusing on large natural systems and on more
holistic (cross-media) studies at large spatial scales
while also expanding in the opposite direction:nano-science, molecular and genetic analysis
Developing broad theoretical/conceptual
underpinnings by embracing concepts of industrial
ecology, sustainability, and ecological engineering
Trends in Research and Education
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Environmental EngineeringProgram at NSF
The Environmental Engineering programsupports innovative science-based engineeringresearch and education with the goals of:
restoring and maintaining the chemical, physical,and biological quality of the Nations water, airand land environment
preventing human exposure to toxic chemicals
and pathogenic bacteria
achieving sustainable development of naturalresources.
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Some hot topical areas in theEnvironmental Engineering programs
Pollutant Fate/Transformation
Environmental fate and reaction kinetics
concerning the persistence of antibiotics,pharmaceuticals, personal-care products, andother emerging contaminants in theenvironment
Nano-technology in Environmental Engineering
Applications of nano-materials in water andwastewater treatment, air pollution control,and ground-water remediation; environmentaland health implications of nano-materials
Slide 1 of 2
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Biotechnology in Environmental Engineering
Innovative coupling of physical-chemical
and microbial processes
Information Technology in Environmental Engrg Development of advanced sensors and data
acquisition systems, internet-based datasharing and information processing
Complex Environmental Systems
Ability to model and predict across a widerange of spatial and temporal scales;
real-time measurement and management
Slide 2 of 2
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Some hot topical areas in theEnvironmental Engineering programs
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Unsolicited Research Projects:FY 2009 Grants - Selected from 82 awards in FY 2009
Treatment Technology Research
Bacterial adhesion and metabolic activity
Development of highly efficient Aquaporin
based membranes for aqueous separationsIdentifying and quantifying active denitrifiers
in complex environments using functionalgene expression analysis
Complete reductive dechlorination oftrichloroethylene (TCE) bynon-Dehalococcoides microorganisms
Desalinated water and stability of drinking
water distribution systems 6
Slide 1 of 6
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Environmental Sensing Research
Rapid, sensitive and sequential detection ofE. coliand
total coliforms
Use of chiral tracers to determine cycling of POPs in
stream ecosystems
TT virus: A potential indicator of human enteric viruses
in source and drinking waters
Stable isotope probing to assess bioremediation ofLUST contaminants
Physiologically-coupled biosensing approaches for
real-time monitoring of environmental contaminants
Functional analysis of biofilms in premise plumbing
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Unsolicited Research Projects:FY 2009 Grants - Selected from 82 awards in FY 2009
Slide 2 of 6
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Nanomaterial Research
Environmental impacts of nanomaterials inengineered water systems on microorganisms
Capacitive deionization using asymmetricnanoporous oxide electrodes
Using nanotechnology to identify pollution sourcesin the landscape
Novel activated carbon nanofiber biofilm support
for enhanced wastewater treatment
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Unsolicited Research Projects:FY 2009 Grants - Selected from 82 awards in FY 2009
Slide 3 of 6
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Water Resources and Watershed Management
Integrated modeling for watershed management
EDC compounds in a Rocky Mountain stream
Fate and transport of biocolloids in beach sand
Fundamental understanding of mercury cyclingin lakes
The role of sunlight in controlling fecal indicator
bacteria and human virus concentrations inrecreational waters
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Unsolicited Research Projects:FY 2009 Grants - Selected from 82 awards in FY 2009
Slide 4 of 6
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Phytoremediation Research
Enhanced phytoremediation using endophytes
Heterotrophic degradation of and bioaugmentationfor emerging trace contaminants in wastewater
Removal of wastewater-derived contaminants intreatment wetlands
Enhancing phytoremediation throughcallus-culture induced variations inwetland plants
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Unsolicited Research Projects:FY 2009 Grants - Selected from 82 awards in FY 2009
Slide 5 of 6
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Air Pollution Research
Optimization of urban designs for air qualityand energy efficiency
Effects of volatility and morphology on vehicular
emitted ultrafine particle dynamics
Adsorption and desorption of air pollutants on
engineered nanomaterials
Integrated scheme for treating hydrophobicair contaminants
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Unsolicited Research Projects:FY 2009 Grants - Selected from 82 awards in FY 2009
Slide 6 of 6
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Figure 1: Hydraulic residence time(HRT)distributions for 1 completely mixed flowreactor(CMFR), 2 or 6 CMFRs in series
Figure 2: Predicted state(microbial storage productconcentrations)variability in a bacterial populationresponsible for phosphorus removal in an anaerobicreactor. Green squares are glycogen, blue triangles
are polyhydroxyalkanoates, and red circles arepolyphosphate.
Agent-based Modeling ofWastewater BacteriaAndrew Schuler - Duke University
Design and operation of biological wastewatertreatment systems relies on mathematicalmodeling of the biological processes of wastedegradation. This project is pioneering theuse of agent-based modeling in these systems,which entails the modeling of individualbacteria as they move through bioreactors, asopposed to the conventional "lumped"approach, whereby bacteria are modeled withrespect to their bulk concentrations.
The Schuler lab has built and applied a newagent-based simulation program
(DisSimulator), which can model thousands ofbacteria as they move through a given system.Using this program they have revealedseveral "emergent behaviors" that maylead to improved system design andoperation for improved plant performance.
Highlight ID: 15483 CBET-0607248
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Multiple Genomic Targets AdvanceWater Pollution Control TechnologyAmy Pruden - Virginia Tech
Recent advances in molecular biologyhave presented a tremendous opportunityto herald the next generation ofenvironmental science and engineering inwhich biological process design considersthe actual microbial communities involved
in catalyzing treatment.
The Pruden team is developing newgenome-enabled tools and using advancedstatistical approaches to synthesize theinformation obtained in order to determine
which tools best predict the performanceof bioremediation systems. They are alsoapplying these tools for advancingconsideration of inoculum as a viableaspect of engineered design ofbioremediation systems.
CBET-0547342
Figure 1: Schematic overview of a sulfate-reducing permeable reactive zone (SR-PRZ)remediating acid mine drainage. Thelignocelluloses-based matrix (wood chips)provides a slow-release source of organiccarbon for sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB).SRB produce sulfides, which bind heavymetals and remove them from the water
while at the same time neutralizing acidity.
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Debromination of PBDEsin Aquatic Sediments
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)(Figure 1),have been used extensively as flame retardants inconsumer goods for fire protection. As a result,rapid accumulation of PBDEs has occurred literally
everywhere in the environment. In aquatic systems,the majority of the PBDEs are deposited insediments, particularly those with high degrees ofbromination. The basic hypothesis of this proposalis that PBDEs, which have accumulated in theenvironment over the past four decades, havedebrominated in the sediments of
heavily contaminated water bodies. Comparisonbetween PBDEs and polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) in their production history, congenerdistribution patterns in commercial products,carbon-halogen bond energy, and the time scale ofenvironmental contamination, etc, supports theirhypothesis.
CBET-0756428CBET-0756320
O
Brx Bry
Figure 1. Structure of PBDEs.
Figure 2. Sampling at Maple Lake,Illinois with a gravity piston corer(Wildco Co.). A push corer (Great LakesWater Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin) has
also been used for sediment sampling inthis project. 14
An Li University of Illinois-Chicago
Karl Rockne University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
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Enhancing Gas-Particle Transport Processesfor Improved Mercury Emissions Controlfrom Coal-fired Power Plants
Figure 1: Helium-Neon laser used forinstantaneous particle Mass loading andparticle agglomeration measurements.
Figure 2: The trajectories of 1, 5, and 10micron particles in a turbulent round jet.Computational resources provided by theMinnesota Supercomputing Institute
Herek Clack - Illinois Institute of Technology
In 2005, the U.S. EPA issued the Clean Air
Mercury Rule (CAMR), making the U.S. the
first country to regulate mercury emissions
from coal-fired power plants (CFPPs). The
CAMR emissions caps are designed to reducetotal mercury emissions by 70% by 2018.
This project represents a combined
experimental and numerical modeling
collaboration between research groups at
the Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT) and
the University of Minnesota-Twin Cities (UM)to provide fundamental understanding of
mercury removal processes and to develop
enhanced mercury removal processes.
Highlight ID: 15480 CBET-0607292
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