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Environmental Controls I/IGEnvironmental Controls I/IG
Lecture 10Passive Thermal SystemsPassive Thermal Systems
Passive Thermal SystemsPassive Thermal Systems
Genius Loci + Microclimate +
Vernacular Precedent =
Architectural form as anenvironmental control system
Passive Thermal SystemsPassive Thermal Systems
Genius Loci
Environmental Forces Earth Wind Fire Water
Passive Thermal SystemsPassive Thermal Systems
Earth Contact Thermal massThermal mass Wind shelterWind shelter Solar exposureSolar exposure
Passive Thermal SystemsPassive Thermal Systems
Earthlike forms Thermal mass Wind shelter Solar “canyons”
Marriot LibrarySalt Lake City, Utah
Passive Thermal SystemsPassive Thermal Systems
Earth-based materials
Adobe, Brick, Stone Natural material
source Thermal mass Locally available Traditional and
modern uses
Passive Thermal SystemsPassive Thermal Systems
Earthscaping Natural materials Shelter/screening Locally available
Passive Thermal SystemsPassive Thermal Systems
Wind
Wind Tower Wind scoop Evaporative
cooling Thermal mass
cooling
Passive Thermal SystemsPassive Thermal Systems
Wind
Warm air rises Attic ventilation Solar chimneys
Passive Thermal SystemsPassive Thermal Systems
Fire Solar chimney
Morse-Libby Mansion Portland, Maine
Passive Thermal SystemsPassive Thermal Systems
Wind
Air movement affects comfort Cross ventilation
provides cooling
Passive Thermal SystemsPassive Thermal Systems
Fire
Solar Angles Summer &
Wintersolstices
Verdant and Autumnal equinoxes
Passive Thermal SystemsPassive Thermal Systems
Fire
Skin Surface Effects Color Reflectivity Position
Passive Thermal SystemsPassive Thermal Systems
Fire
Skin Thermal Mass Increasing thermal
mass delays heat penetration
Passive Thermal SystemsPassive Thermal Systems
Fire
Interior Solar Control Interior shading
reduces depth of solar penetration but still admits heat
Fire
Site Solar Control Evergreen trees
fairly constant Deciduous trees
vary seasonally
Passive Thermal SystemsPassive Thermal Systems
Passive Thermal SystemsPassive Thermal Systems
Fire
Exterior Solar Control Sheltered openings
(apertures)
Water
Evapotranspiration Landscaping
elements provide moisture
Passive Thermal SystemsPassive Thermal Systems
Water
Interior plantings can give off/trap moisture Use according to
local climate
Passive Thermal SystemsPassive Thermal Systems
Water
Evaporative cooling Water features
add to evaporative cooling (but increase humidity)
Passive Thermal SystemsPassive Thermal Systems
Water
Air directed over or through water can provide cooling Use according to
local climate
Passive Thermal SystemsPassive Thermal Systems
Microclimate
Fountain, recesses,and channeled breezes provide cooling
Building controls exposure to onshore winds
SF School of DesignSan Francisco, CA
Passive Thermal SystemsPassive Thermal Systems
MicroclimateEvaporative cooling Building exposed
to surrounding landscape
Pool, overhangs,and channeled breezes provide cooling
Taliesin WestPhoenix, AZ
Passive Thermal SystemsPassive Thermal Systems
Passive Thermal SystemsPassive Thermal Systems
Vernacular Precedents Drawn from Genius Loci Can be adapted to
contemporary design
Passive Thermal SystemsPassive Thermal Systems
Genius Loci + Microclimate +
Vernacular Precedent =
Architectural form as anenvironmental control system
