Environmental Bio-chemistry andToxicology

1. Environmental BiochemistryEnvironmental Biochemistry, identifying characteristics of the living matter, the cells and the bio-molecules e.g. proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, enzymes, nucleic acids, modified dna, recombinant DNA and genetic engineering, metabolic processes

2. Metabolic ProcessesMetabolism in Environmental Biochemistry, Digestion, Metabolism of Carbohydrates, Fats, and Proteins, Energy Utilization by Metabolic Processes, Using Energy to Put Molecules Together: Anabolic Reactions.

3. Metabolism and ToxicityEnvironmental Biological Processes, Toxicants and its Pathways into Ecosystems, Bio-concentration, Bio-transfer Factors, Biodegradation, Biomarkers, Endocrine Disrupters and Developmental Toxicants, Effects of Toxicants on Populations, Effects of Toxicants on Ecosystems

4. Environmental toxicology: Kinds of Toxic Substances, Toxicity-Influencing Factors, Exposure to Toxic Substances, Dose–Response Relationships, Relative Toxicities, Reversibility and Sensitivity, Xenobiotic and Endogenous Substances, Kinetic and Nonkinetic Toxicology, Receptors and Toxic Substances, Phases of Toxicity, Toxification and Detoxification, Behavioral and Physiological Responses, Reproductive and Developmental Effects

5. Toxicological ChemistryChemical Nature of Toxicants, Biochemical Transformations, Metabolic Reactions of Xenobiotic Compounds, Phase I Reactions, Phase II Reactions of Toxicants, Biochemical Mechanisms of Toxicity, Biochemistry of Mutagenesis, Biochemistry of Carcinogenesis

6. Toxic ResponsesGenetic Aspects of Toxicology e.g. Destructive Genetic Alterations, Toxicant Damage to DNA, toxic responses on respiratory system, skin, the liver, blood and the cardiovascular system, immune system, endocrine system, nervous system, reproductive system, developmental toxicology and teratology, kidney and bladder

7. Toxicological Chemistry for chemical substancesUses, sources of exposure, metabolism, toxicity and biochemical effects of Environmental metals, Pesticides and related materials, volatile organic compounds, air pollutants (inorganic gases and particulate maters); Toxic Natural Products

8. Analysis of XenobioticsIndicators Of Exposure To Xenobiotics, Determination Of Metals, Determination Of Nonmetals And Inorganic Compounds, Determination Of Parent Organic Compounds, Measurement Of Phase I And Phase II Reaction Products, Determination Of Adducts

Reference Books Stanley E. Manahan, (2003), Toxicological chemistry and biochemistry, Lewis PublishersMing-Ho-Yu (2005) Environmental Toxicology: Impacts of Environmental Toxicants on living system, Lewis Publisher, New York. Albert L. Lehninger (1993) Principles of Biochemistry 2nd Ed. CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi, India