ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF CONSUMPTION AND … · ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES AT A MESO-LEVEL: PRINCIPLES, LIMITATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES OF TERRITORIAL

research group for environmental life cycle sustainability assessment

ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES AT A MESO-LEVEL:

PRINCIPLES, LIMITATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES OF TERRITORIAL LCA

Eléonore Loiseau, Philippe Roux, Guillaume Junqua, Pierre Maurel and Véronique Bellon-Maurel

Congrès [avniR] – Lille – 5 et 6 novembre 2014

research group for environmental life cycle sustainability assessment2

Meso Scale EIOA / …Input Output Analysis

(IOA) / Partial equilibrium models /

……

Macro Scale(National Economy,

Economy-wide)…

Multi -region IOA / General equilibrium

models / ……

Economique

Environmental

Micro Scale (“Product-oriented”)

Life Cycle Assessment

Broade ning th e OBJECT of

ANALYS IS

Broade ning th e OBJECT of

ANALYS IS

Broadening the SCOPE of INDICATORSBroadening the SCOPE of INDICATORS

Economic Social

Life Cycle Costing Social Life Cycle Assessment

Needs for adaptions of the

LCA methodological

framework

From Guinée et al., 2011

Introduction ‟Territorial LCA” Framework Results

Broadening the LCA scopeConclusion



What is meso-level?Conclusion

LowerMicro

UpperMicro

Upper Meso

LowerMeso

Macro

SCALES of Object of Analysis

DIM

ENSI

ON Political Citizens Neighborhoods

Small regions Regions Nations

Economic Products /Services

Production processes

Sites /Companies

SectorsEconomy-

wide

Territory-oriented LCAs



Territory-oriented LCAsConclusion

The territory: a complex and

multifunctional system

(Datar 2003, Moine 2006)

Stakeholders

Use Develop Manage

Geographical area

Territory-based LCAs

One specific activity sector

Territorial LCAs

All production and consumption activities



Territorial LCAsConclusion

Territorial LCAs

One specific activity sector All production and consumption activities



Main bottlenecks and adaptations*Conclusion

Phase 2: Life Cycle Inventory

(LCI)

Phase 2: Life Cycle Inventory

(LCI)

Phase 3: Life Cycle Impact Assessment

(LCIA)

Phase 3: Life Cycle Impact Assessment

(LCIA)

Phase 4: InterprétationPhase 4: Interprétation

Phase 1: Scope and

Goal definitions

Phase 1: Scope and

Goal definitions

IND

ICA

TO

RS

Consideration of local context

MB4Data collection

MB3FU definitionMB1

System boudaries

MB2

Sources: ISO 14040 and14044*Loiseau et al. 2013. Adapting the LCA framework to environmental assessment in land planning. Int J LCA 18 (8)



MB1: Functional unit definition

Conclusion

Function definition of the studied system (i.e. product or

service)

Function definition of the studied system (i.e. product or

service)

Inventory & QuantificationInventory &

Quantification Environmental ImpactsEnvironmental Impacts

Definition of the territory

perimeter and the land planning

scenario

Definition of the territory

perimeter and the land planning

scenario

Territorial LCAConventional LCA

Services provided by the territory and a

given land planning scenario

Services provided by the territory and a

given land planning scenario

Stakeholders / Experts

Scientific and grey literature

Defined by


SOCIETAL Land Use Functions

Cohesion Health / LeisureENVIRONMENTAL Land Use

Functions

Abiotic Resources

Biotic Resources

From scientifc and « grey »

literature

Number of main

residences

Number of community-based

facilities

Number of secondary residences

Accommodation capacity of heathcare

establishments (number of beds)

Performance indicators of societal land use functions

Number of dwellings connected to sewage

Quantity of waste locally

treated (t)

Natura 2000 areas (ha)

Number of bird species of community interest

Performance indicators of environmental land use functions

*Pérez-Soba et al. 2008, Banski et al. 2011, MEDDTL (Minsitry of Ecology) 2011


MB1: Functional unit definition

Conclusion

ECONOMIC Land Use Functions

Production Innovation / Knowledge

Gross Domestic Product(GDP, €)

Utilized Agricultural land (ha)

Shellfish production (t)

Number of working people with higher education

Performance indicators of economic land use functions



MB2: System boundary definition

Conclusion

Concept of Total

Responsibility*

Economic flows

Potential Double counting!

Production activities

Consumption activities

Economic flows

Economic flow

sEconom

ic flow

s

Geographical boundaries

*Source: Eder and Narodoslawsky 1999



MB3: Data collection

Conclusion

Step 1: Activity inventories (consumption and

production)

Step 2: Conversion into LCIs

Two approaches

Bottom-up approach

Top-down approach

Local data: Statistics, surveys,

reports, GIS, …

Process LCA(PRO-LCA)

National / regional data:

Statistics, Reports, surveys, …

Environmental Input Output LCA

(EIO-LCA)

Physical flows Monetary flows


Rest of the world

Studied territory

Consumption and

production activities

« In-site » or directs Impacts

Emis

sion

s

Resources

« Off-site » or indirect Impacts


Goods and services

Emis

sion

s

Resources

Emis

sion

s


MB4: Consideration of local context

Conclusion


Introduction ‟Territorial LCA” Framework Results Conclusion

370 km² 117 000 inhabitants 14 muncipalities Attractive coastal territory (tourim,

shellfish production, wine growing, port area)

The lagoon, a rich ecological heritage

Identity card

Environmental diagnosis for the year 2010

Implementation in the French Mediterranean territory of Bassin de Thau*

*Loiseau et al. 2014. Implementation of an adapted LCA framework to environmental assessment of a territory: Important learning points from a French Mediterranean case study. J Clean Prod 80 (1) 17-29


PRODUCTION

Ag

ricultu

re

Man

ufact u

ring

In

du

strie s

Bu

ildin

g

Fish

eries / A

qu

acult u

re

En

ergy

In-p

lace S

ervices

En

d o

f lif e m

anag

emen

t

Tran

spo

r t and

sto

rage

Extractiv e

ind

ustrie s

Oth

er Se rvices

CONSUMPTION

CerealsGrappesOrchards

SunflowersGardeningPoultries

Shellfish productionFisheries

(trawlers, Purse seiners)

BauxiteLimestone

ICPEsOther industries

Wind turbinesCogeneration

IncinerationLandfill

Waste sorting (industrial and hazardous)

Activated sludge

Lagoon-based treatement

HighwaysRailwayHarbor

ShopsEducation

HealthMedical and paramedical

Sport & leisurePersonal services

Wholesale trade

Tertiary activities (lawyers,

editors, …)

HousesFlats

Tou

rists

Ihh

abitan

ts

Food, Goods and Services

Transport

Housing

Waste and wastewater manage-

ment


System descriptionConclusion


Activity inventory


Data sourcesConclusion

Activity reports: company annual accounts, annual reports of local authorities (e.g. information on public services such as waste and wastewater mangement …)

Administrative reports: e.g. prefectoral decisions for Installations Classified for the protection of the Environment

Reports or studies: e.g. Regional planning on

energy

National, regional or local statistics (INSEE)


EIO - LCA

US IO Table 500 products more than 1300 environmental flows

Food, good and service

consumption

Manufacturing activities other

than ICPEs

More than 250 products and

services

21 industrial

sectors

PRO - LCA

Ecoinvent

Surveys

Internal reports

Other consumption and

production activities

LCIs


Data sourcesConclusion


Bassin de Thau

France

Land use functions (per

inhabitant)

Environmental land use functions

Economic land use functions

Societal land use functions


Land use functionsConclusion



Environmental impactsConclusion

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

In-site

Off-site

Possible overestimation of environmental impacts (double counting)!

Climate changeHuman toxicityParticulate matter formation

Natural land transformationAgricultural land occupationUrban land occupation

Terrestrial ecotoxicityFossil resourcesMineral resources

Environmental impacts

ReCiPe 2008 V1.07

(Hierarchist)


Activity contributions to

impacts on climate change

49%

27%

5%12%

29%

54%

11%

Inhab - Food, goods and servicesInhab - HousingInhab - TransportInhab - Waste managementInhab - wastewater managementTour - StayTour - TransportTour - waste managementTour - Wastewater management

Consumption activity contributions

Off-site In-site

7%

64%

5%

16%

AgricultureFisheries - AquacultureQuarryingICPEOther industriesEnergyEnd of lifeBuildingIn-place servicesOther servicesTrasnport - storage

Production activity contributions

Off-site In-site

88%

5%


Main impacting activitiesConclusion


What is the territorial LCA applicability?

Identification of the main environmental issues based on a

biophysical modelling Identification the main activity

contributions Identification of burden shifting

Functional approach No « site-specific »

considerations No consideration of certain

environmental themes

INTEREST FEASIBILITY

Approach generic and reproducible to other french

territories: Data availability

Reasonable study duration (around 4-6 months for 1

manpower)

Still missing data

Top-down approach not optimal to model manufacturing activities

Introduction ‟Territorial LCA” Framework Results Conclusion


Environmental impacts

20


Main limitations and perspectivesConclusion

Association between a territory and a land planning scenario (current or prospective)

TERRITORIAL LCA



INPUTS

OUTPUTS

Provided Services(identified and assessed from literature review)

No consideration of interactions with

other encompassing

territories

3

Consequential LCA

Consequential LCA

3

4Lack of

knowledge on certain activities

New data acquisitionNew data

acquisition4



5

No stakeholder involvement

Implementing a participatory

process Double-counting

issue

1

Intra-territorial flows

consideration

Intra-territorial flow

consideration

1

« Site-generic » environmental

impacts2

« Site – specific » environmental

impacts2

« Site – specific » environmental

impacts

ww

w.e

lsa-

lca.

org


Thank you for your attention!

Think globally (Life Cycle) … Act locally!

“It is better to be roughly right than precisely wrong” John Maynard Keynes

Documents

ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF CONSUMPTION AND … · ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES AT A MESO-LEVEL: PRINCIPLES, LIMITATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES OF TERRITORIAL