Upload
nurul-izatie-mohd-fauzi
View
220
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
7/30/2019 Environment Pollution and Control 2
1/27
7/30/2019 Environment Pollution and Control 2
2/27
7/30/2019 Environment Pollution and Control 2
3/27
7/30/2019 Environment Pollution and Control 2
4/27
7/30/2019 Environment Pollution and Control 2
5/27
Solid, semi-solid, liquid, or gaseous, unwanted
or residual materials (not including hazardous or
biodegradable wastes) from an industrial
operation.
Composed of chemicals dumped in sites
that are not managed.
Not have the correct control method.
Liquid substance thrown by methodslandfill with soil.
The material is often found polychlorinated biphenol
(PCB),benzene etc
7/30/2019 Environment Pollution and Control 2
6/27
AFFECT &cause
7/30/2019 Environment Pollution and Control 2
7/27
7/30/2019 Environment Pollution and Control 2
8/27
b) Municipal landfill.
commonly known as trash or garbage.
is a combination of all of a city's solid and semisolid waste.
It includes mainly household or domestic waste, but it can also
contain commercial and industrial waste with the exception of
industrial hazardous waste (waste from industrial practices that
causes a threat to human or environmental health).
Industrial hazardous waste is excluded from municipal waste
because it is typically dealt with separately based on environmental
regulations.
7/30/2019 Environment Pollution and Control 2
9/27
WASTE THAT ISBIODEGRADABLE.
RECYCLABLEMATERIALS.
INERT
WASTE.
COMPOSITEWASTE.
HOUSEHOLDHAZARDOUSWASTE.
7/30/2019 Environment Pollution and Control 2
10/27
t
here are a number of different ways in which cities dispose of their waste.
most well known, are dumps.
These are open holes in the ground where trash is disposed of and has little
environmental regulations.
These are areas that are specially created so waste can be put into the
ground with little or no harm to the natural environment through pollution.
landfills are engineered to protect the environment and prevent pollutants
from entering the soil and possibly polluting ground water in one of two ways :
a) clay liner .
b) a municipal solid waste landfill.
Once trash is put into these landfills, it is compacted until the areas is full,
at which time the trash is buried.
7/30/2019 Environment Pollution and Control 2
11/27
This is done to prevent the trash from contacting the environment but also
to keep it dry and out of contact with air so it will not quickly decompose.
About 55% of the waste generated in the United States goes to landfills while
around 90% of waste created in the United Kingdom is disposed in this manner.
waste can also be disposed using waste combustors.
involves the burning of municipal waste at extremely high temperatures toreduce waste volume, control bacteria, and sometimes generate electricity.
Air pollution from the combustion is sometimes a concern with this type of
waste disposal but governments have regulations to reduce pollution.
transfer stations are the third type of municipal waste disposal currently in
use.
facilities that where municipal waste is unloaded and sorted to remove
recyclables and hazardous materials.
7/30/2019 Environment Pollution and Control 2
12/27
c) Saltwater intrusions.
Salt water intrusion occurs in coastal freshwater aquifers when the
different densities of both the saltwater and freshwater allow the ocean
water to intrude into the freshwater aquifer.
These areas are usually supporting large populations where the
demanding groundwater withdrawals from these aquifers is
exceeding the recharge rate.
Figure 2 gives a rough illustration of what an overdrawn aquifermay look like.
This can cause lateral and vertical intrusion of the surrounding
saltwater, and evidence of saltwater intrusion has been found
throughout the eastern seaboard of the U.S. (USGS, 2007).
7/30/2019 Environment Pollution and Control 2
13/27
7/30/2019 Environment Pollution and Control 2
14/27
The encroaching seawater will encounter an area known as the zone
of dispersion, where the freshwater and saltwater mix and form an
interface, as illustrated in Figure 3.
This interface moves back and forth naturally because of
fluctuations in the recharge rate of freshwater back into thesecoastal aquifers (Ranjan, 2007).
Aquifers are naturally replenished by precipitation and surface
waters that saturate into the ground and work their way through
the soil and geologic material to the water table.
7/30/2019 Environment Pollution and Control 2
15/27
7/30/2019 Environment Pollution and Control 2
16/27
Pesticides, fertilizers, herbicides and animal
waste are agricultural sources of
groundwater contamination.
The agricultural contamination sources are
varied and numerous: spillage of fertilizers
and pesticides during handling, runoff from
the loading and washing of pesticide sprayers
or other application equipments.
7/30/2019 Environment Pollution and Control 2
17/27
7/30/2019 Environment Pollution and Control 2
18/27
Contamination may also occur when
chemicals are stored in uncovered areas,unprotected from wind and rain, or are
stored in locations where the groundwater
flows from the direction of the chemical
storage to the well.
7/30/2019 Environment Pollution and Control 2
19/27
Sewage water will be treated in septic tanks for
some time. Suspended material settles to the
bottom of the tank and the pump out whenaffecting the efficiency of the tank. The material
can be processed into fertilizer or soil
improvement material.
DOMESTIC WASTE
7/30/2019 Environment Pollution and Control 2
20/27
7/30/2019 Environment Pollution and Control 2
21/27
Water from the tank through aperforated pipe system that would cause
this water into the ground. If the septic
tank is not working good bacteria and
viruses from water discharge will
contaminate well water.
Other substances found in wastewaterare detergents, nitrate and chloride.
7/30/2019 Environment Pollution and Control 2
22/27
7/30/2019 Environment Pollution and Control 2
23/27
PETROLEUM WASTE AND
MINING
7/30/2019 Environment Pollution and Control 2
24/27
1. sustainability of the marine ecosystem and the
economy of a country.
2. Waste oil will be poison to the sensitive marine
environment and coastal organic substrate.
3. Wildlife other than fish such as mammals, reptiles,
amphibians and birds that live near the ocean will also
suffer from poisoning caused by oil spills.
4. The oil forms a layer on the surface of sea water will
stop, light and oxygen gas to enter the sea.
7/30/2019 Environment Pollution and Control 2
25/27
management of tailings is an intrinsically
risky activity, often involving residualprocessing chemicals and elevated levels of
metals.
waste disposal facilities and resulting loss
of land productivity, effects on ecosystems,
dust and erosion.
7/30/2019 Environment Pollution and Control 2
26/27
7/30/2019 Environment Pollution and Control 2
27/27