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Environment in Lebanon: Status and Way Forward. Ricardo Khoury Environmental Consultant, ELARD City Café – Beirut, Lebanon April 5, 2007. Objectives. Describe key environmental concerns in Lebanon Explain how government is addressing these concerns - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Environment in Lebanon:Status and Way Forward
Environment in Lebanon:Status and Way Forward
Ricardo KhouryEnvironmental Consultant, ELARD
City Café – Beirut, Lebanon
April 5, 2007
2
Objectives
• Describe key environmental concerns in Lebanon
• Explain how government is addressing these concerns
• Discuss means for civic society and scientists to push forward the environmental agenda
3
Environmental Concerns
• Solid Waste• Wastewater• Water• Air quality• Climate change• Environmental impacts from July 2006 war
Sources of pollution
Sinks of pollution
Effect of pollution
4
Solid Waste
• MSW Generation (2001 estimate): 1.44 million tons/year
• Equivalent to 0.92 kg/capita/day
9%
3%
5%
2%
3%
10%17%
51%63%
7%
5%
4%
3%
18%
Organic
Paper and Cardboard
Plastic
Glass
Textiles
Metals
Construction/ demolition
Other
GBA National
Source: MoE/Ecodit
5
Solid Waste (2)
Source: MoE
6
Solid Waste (3)
Greater Beirut and Mount Lebanon
Zahle (50%)
TripoliControlled Waste Disposal Areas
7
Solid Waste (4)
• Recent Initiatives– USAID Program (2003-2007) (15 mUSD)– EU / OMSAR Program (on-going) (10.5 mEURO)
• Support to Unions of Municipalities and municipalities in solid waste management
8
Solid Waste (5)
• A draft Law for Integrated Solid Waste Management was prepared by MoE (2005) and is ready for adoption
• Lack of long-term planning in this sector is a major hindrance to its improvement
• Political interference is another major obstacle
9
Wastewater
• Lebanon generates about 250 million m3 of wastewater per year
• Almost the totality of this wastewater is directly discharged in the sea, rivers, valleys or land
10
Wastewater (2)
Akkar (2)
Tripoli (5)
Koura (1)
Batroun (4)
Jbeil (5)
Beirut (7)
Kesrouan (6)
Baabda (3)
Aley (1)
Metn (7)
Chouf (3)
Saida (6)
Sour (3)
Source: CDR/LACECO, 2000c
Mediterranean Sea
11
Wastewater (3)
• The GoL initiated the construction of seven wastewater treatment plants in 2001: Saida, Chekka, Batroun, Jbeil, Chouf coastal area, Baalbeck and Nabatiyeh
• None is yet operational
• Several municipalities have or are finding their own solutions with support of international agencies (such as USAID)
12
Water
• Lebanon has 40 major streams and rivers with 17 perennial rivers and more than 2000 springs
• Water quality data issparse and not enoughto assess severity ofwater pollution
13
Water (2)
• Of the 10 stations monitored by the National Center for Marine Sciences (NCMS) only one station was deemed fit for swimming based on concentration of fecal coliforms(SOER, 2001)
14
Water (3)
• Surface water also suffers from pollution
15
Water (4)
• Seawater intrusion
16
Water (5)
• Limited progress in solid waste and wastewater management does not help alleviate impacts on water resources
• Limited control on industrial and agricultural discharges
• No systematic monitoring of quality of water resources
17
Air Quality & Climate Change
• Main sources of air pollution:– Transport– Power plants– Industries
52.43.1
54.2
476.4361.2
83.0
0
500
CO2 CH4 N20 NOx CO NMVOC SO2
Air
po
llut
ion
load
s (k
tonn
es)
13,000
Greenhouse Gases
18
Air Quality & Climate Change (2)
• Limited monitoring of ambient air quality• MoE developed a draft Law for the
Protection of Air Quality (2005) – yet to be adopted
• No strategy for air quality protection available
Average166 mg/m3
USEPA24-hr standard
Lebanese 24-hr standard
TS
P,
µg/
m3
19
Air Quality & Climate Change (3)
• Climate change– Lebanon signed the Kyoto Protocol– Eligible to participate in Clean Development
Mechanism (CDM)– Is in the process of selecting a Designated
National Authority (DNA)
20
Environmental Impacts from War
21
The Oil Spill
• Up to 15,000 m3 of heavy fuel oil spilled in the Mediterranean Sea
•150 km of coast affected by the oil spill
• Palm Island Nature Reserve (Protected Area) polluted
22
Impacts from Reconstruction
• 445,000 m2 of road network, 92 bridges, and 130,000 dwelling units (HRC)
• 2.5 to 3 million m3 of construction and demolition wastes
• Inadequate waste management affecting water courses, biodiversity and coastal zone
• Demand for natural resources (sand and aggregates) has doubled to meet reconstruction needs
• Average dust concentration could increase by a factor 5 in areas close to heavy construction activities
23
Other Environmental Impacts (1)
24
Other Environmental Impacts (2)