ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND ENVIRONMENT … · PROJECT AT A GLANCE 1. Name of Project Punjab Acids-Chem. Pvt. Ltd. 2. Location Village Behra, Tehsil- Derabassi, Distt- Mohali,

ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

AND

ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN

For

M/S PUNJAB ACIDS-CHEM PVT. LTD. Village Behra, Behra-Gulabgarh Road, Distt- Mohali

Punjab.

By

Vardan Environet D--142, Sushant Lok-III,

Golf Course Extension Road, Sector-57, Gurgaon

July, 2014

2

PUNJAB ACIDS-CHEM PVT. LTD. VARDAN ENVIRONET,

DERABASSI, PUNJAB. GURGAON

INDEX

Chapters Page No.

PROJECT AT A GLANCE 07

TORs ISSUED BY EAC 09-13

COMPLIANCE OF TORs 15-20

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 22-38

FINAL EIA 40

INTRODUCTION 40

SCOPE & METHODOLOGY 43

PROFILE OF THE COMPANY’ & PROMOTERS 45

BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING 47

4.1 State 47

4.2 District SAS Nagar 48

4.3 Project Site 48

4.4 Study Area 53

4.5 Climate 55

4.6 Temperature 56

4.7 Rainfall 57

4.8 Humidity 58

4.9 Cloudiness 59

4.10 Winds 59

4.11 Drainage 61

4.12 Land Use 61

4.13 Forest 61

4.14 Flora & Fauna 61

4.15 Demographic & Socio Economic Scenario 62

5. ENVIRONMENTAL BENCH MARK

CONDITIONS IN THE STUDY AREA 64

5.1 Ambient Air Quality 64

3



5.2 Water Quality 74

5.3 Ambient Noise Quality 79

5.4 Soil 81

6. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 84

6.1 General 84

6.2 Raw Materials 84

6.3 Finished products & Installed Capacity 84

6.4 Installed Capacity 85

6.5 Facilities at the Plant 85

6.6 Machinery 86

6.7 Power 86

6.8 Water Supply 86

6.9 Manpower 87

6.10 Manufacturing Process 89

6.11 Waste Handling 101

6.11.1 Liquid waste 101

6.11.2 Solid waste 101

6.11.3 Hazardous waste 102

6.12 Pollution Control Measures 102

6.12.1 Air Pollution 102

6.12.2 Water Pollution 102

6.12.3 Noise Pollution 104

7. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 105

7.1 Present Environment 105

7.2 Probable Impact on Environment 105

7.3 Development Stage: - (Short Term) 106

7.4 Operational Stage: - (Long Term) 107

8. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN 110

8.1 General 110

8.2 Air Environment 110

4



8.2.1 Flue Gas Emission/Fugitive Emission Control 111

8.3 Water Environment 111

8.4 Land Environment 112

8.5 Solid Waste 112

8.6 Noise Environment 112

8.7 Green Belt 113

9. ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PROGRAMME 114

10. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 117

10.1 General 117

10.2 Occupational Environment 117

10.2.1 Man & Physical, Chemical & Biological Agents 117

10.2.2 Man and Machine 118

10.2.3 Man and Man 118

10.3 Occupational Hazards 118

10.4 Mitigation Measures 120

10.5 Safety Precautions & Suggestions 124

11. CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

AND ENVIRONEMNT POLICY 126

12. FIRE FIGHTING 130

13. RAIN WATER HARVESTING 139

14. EXPENDITURE ON ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES 145

List of Figures:

1.1 Key Plan of the Area 41

4.1 Location Plan 49

4.2 Location on Satellite Imagery 50

5



4.3 Layout Plan 51

4.4 LULC Map 52

4.5 Details of the Study Area 53

4.6 Wind-rose Diagram 60

5.1 Location of Monitoring Stations (Air) 65

5.2 Surface water /Ground water Monitoring Stations 75

5.3 Location of Monitoring Stations (Noise) 80

5.4 Soil Monitoring Station 82

6.1 Water Balance Flow Diagram 88

6.2 Manufacturing Process 93, 95, 97, 99,100

6.3 Flow Chart of APCS 103

List of Tables:

1.1 Location Details 42

4.1 Villages of the Study Area 54

4.2 Monthly Average Temperature 56

4.3 Monthly Average Rainfall 57

4.4 Monthly Humidity 58

4.5 Summary of Key Demography Statistics 62

4.6 Occupational Structure 63

5.1 Ambient Air Monitoring Stations 66

5.2 Ambient Air Quality 67

5.3 AAQ Results 69-71

5.4 Frequency Distribution 72

5.5 Water Monitoring Stations 74

5.6 Result of Surface Water 76

5.7 Result of Ground Water 77-78

5.8 Noise Levels 81

5.9 Result of Soil Samples test 83

11.1 Details of CSR 127

6



12.1 Fires Classification & Extinguishing Media 133

14.1 Cost of EPM 145

List of Annexure:

I Proceeding of Public Hearing

II Safety data Sheet

III Air Modeling output data

IV TSDF site Membership

V Consent Validity

VI Compliance of NOC

VII Stack Analysis report by PPCB

VIII Plant Photographs

Uploaded as

separate

document

7



PROJECT AT A GLANCE

1. Name of Project Punjab Acids-Chem. Pvt. Ltd.

2. Location Village Behra, Tehsil- Derabassi, Distt- Mohali, Punjab

3. Product Sulphuric Acid, Alum, Olem, Di-Methyl Sulphate, Sodium, Bi-

Sulphite, Sulphamic Acid & Liquid SO3

4. Capacity (TPD) Existing Proposed Total

Sulphuric Acid 75 125 200

Alum 200 Nil 200

Oleum Nil 70 70

Di-Methyl

Sulphate

Nil 30 30

Sodium Bi-

Sulphite

Nil 30 30

Sulphamic Acid Nil 30 30

Liquid SO3 Nil 30 30

5. Type of Project Industrial Chemicals

6. Cost of the Project 4426 lakhs

7. Total Land 10 Acres

8. Power

Requirement

699 KW

9. Source of power From Punjab State Power Corporation Ltd

10. Source of Water

Supply

Own Tube well

11. Quantity of Water

(KLD)

Existing Additional Total

60 185 245

12. Effluent Quantity Nil

13. Effluent treatment

Domestic = STP

Process = Nil

14. Alternate source

of power

1 No. DG Set (700KVA), 1 No. DG Set (325KVA), 1 turbine

350KVA

15. Air Pollution

Control

Multi-cyclones, Alkali Scrubber & Stack

16. Solid Waste Solids from APCD, Ash from Boiler Furnace

17. Hazardous waste Used oil from DG Set, Sulphur Sludge, Spent catalyst

18. Rain Water

Harvesting

12960m3/annum

8



TERMS OF REFERENCES ISSUED BY

EAC

9



10



11



12



13



14



COMPLIANCE OF TERMS OF

REFERENCES

15



Sr.

No.

Observations Compliance

1. Executive summary of the project. Given in EIA report

from Page no 22 to 38

2. Justification of the project. Due to increased

demand of the existing

product. The unit is

intent to expand their

existing Manufacturing

capacity.

3. Photographs of the existing and proposed plant area. Refer Annexure-VIII

4. Compliance to the conditions stipulated in the Environmental

Clearance/ NOC granted by the SPCB.

Refer Annexure- VI

5. A certified copy of the report of the status of compliance of the

conditions stipulated in the environmental clearance and Consent

to Operate for the ongoing/ existing operation of the project by

the Regional Office of the Ministry of Environment and Forests

and SPCB.

Refer Annexure- VI

6. Recent monitoring report from SPCB, which shall include data

on AAQ, water quality, solid waste etc. shall be submitted.

Refer Annexure- VII

7. Has the unit received any notice under the Section 5 of

Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 or relevant Sections of Air

and Water Acts? If so, compliance to the notice (s).

No

8. The earlier questionnaire for industry sector should be submitted

while submitting EIA/ EMP.

Submitted

9. Promoters and their back ground. Given in EIA report at

Page no 45

10. Regulatory framework. Given in EIA report at

Page no 45.

11. A map indicating location of the project and distance from

severely polluted area.

5 km from severely

polluted area. Given in

EIA report at Page no 50

& 52

12. Project location and plant layout. Given in EIA report at

Page no 49, 51

13. Infrastructure facilities including power sources. Refer Page 85, 86

14. Total cost of the project along with total capital cost and

recurring cost/ annum for environmental pollution control

measures.

Total project cost: 4426

lacs, capital cost for

environment protection

measures- 29 lacs, &

recurring cost- 3 lacs

15. Project site location along with site map of 10 km. area and site

details providing various industries, surface water bodies, forests

Refer page no.50, 52

16



etc.

16. Present land use based on satellite imagery for the study area of

10 km. radius. Details of land availability for the project along

with supporting document.

Refer page no. 52,50

17. Location of National Park/ Wild Life Sanctuary/ Reserve Forest

within 10 km. radius of the project.

There are no National

Park/ Wild Life

Sanctuary/ Reserve

Forest within 10 km.

radius of the project.

18. Permission, if any from the State Forest Department. Not required

19. Details of the total land and break-up of the land use for green

belt and other uses.

Refer Page no. 52

Figure-4.4

20. List of products along with the production capacities. Sulphuric Acid -200 TPD

Alum - 200 TPD

Oleum - 70 TPD

Di-methyl Sulphate-30 TPD

Sodium Bi-Sulphite- 30 TPD

Sulphamic Acid -30 TPD

Liquid SO3 - 30 TPD

21. Detailed list of raw materials required and source, mode of

storage and transportation.

Page no. 84

Para no – 6.2

22. Manufacturing process details along with the chemical reactions

and process flow chart.

Refer page no 89-100

Para no 6.10

23. Site-specific micro-meteorological data using temperature,

relative humidity, hourly wind speed and direction and rainfall is

necessary.

Referred in page no.56 –

59

Para no – 4.5 , 4.6 , 4.7 ,

4.8 , 4.9 ,4.10

24. Ambient air quality monitoring at 6 locations within the study

area of 5 km. aerial coverage from project site as per NAAQS

notified on 16th September, 2009. Location of one AAQMS in

downwind direction.

Done, Refer page no.

64- 73

25. One season site-specific micro-meteorological data using

temperature, relative humidity, hourly wind speed and direction

and rainfall and AAQ data (except monsoon) for PM10, PM 2.5,

SO2, NO x including VOCs shall be collected. The monitoring

stations shall take into account the pre-dominant wind direction,

population zone and sensitive receptors including reserved

forests. Data for water and noise monitoring shall also be

included.

Included in EIA report,

Refer page no. 64- 73

26. Air pollution control measures viz. Multi-cyclone and bag filter

etc. shall be proposed for the effective control of gaseous

emissions within permissible limits.

APCDs are proposed

like Multi-Cyclone in

Boiler, Alkali Scrubber

in Sulphuric Acid/ Alum

plant

27. Details of VOC monitoring system in the working zone Refer Page no.111, Para-

17



environment, if any. 8.2.1

28. Name of all the solvents to be used in the process and details of

solvent recovery system.

Refer Page – 95,100

29. Design details of ETP, incinerator, boiler, scrubbers/ bag filters

etc.

Refer Page- 103

30. Details of water and air pollution and its mitigation plan. Given in EIA report at

Page no- 106, 108, 110,

111.

31. Action plan to control ambient air quality as per NAAQS

Standards notified by the Ministry on 16th September, 2009.

Parameters are within

the prescribed limit

according to NAAQS

Standards notified by the

Ministry on 16th

September, 2009. , but

APCDs are proposed

like Multi-Cyclone in

Boiler, Alkali Scrubber

in Sulphuric Acid/ Alum

plant

32. An action plan to control and monitor secondary fugitive

emissions from all the sources.

Given in EIA report at

Page no 111

33. Determination of atmospheric inversion level at the project site

and assessment of ground level concentration of pollutants from

the stack emission based on site-specific meteorological

features. Air quality modeling for proposed plant.

Refer Annexure no III

34. Permission for the drawl of ground water from CGWA. Water

balance chart including quantity of effluent generated recycled

and reused and discharged.

CGWA permission is

applied for. Water

balance chart is given on

Page no. 86 Fig no – 6.1

35. Action plan for `Zero’ discharge of effluent shall be included. Complied, it’s a zero

discharge unit.

36. Treatment of phenol in the effluent, if any. No phenol is present in

the effluent

37. Ground water quality monitoring minimum at 6 locations shall

be carried out. Geological features and Geo-hydrological status

of the study area and ecological status (Terrestrial and Aquatic).

Refer page no 74 & 78

Table – 5.7, Geological

features: Alluvium, Geo-

hydrological status:

Major Water bearing

formation - Sand , Pre-

monsoon depth to water

level - 4.1-13.02 , Post-

monsoon depth to water

level - 4.1-12.89 , Long

term water level trend in

18



10 yrs- Fall -0.11 to 0.80

m/yr

38. The details of solid and hazardous wastes generation, storage,

utilization and disposal particularly related to the hazardous

waste calorific value of hazardous waste and detailed

characteristic of the hazardous waste. Action plan for the

disposal of fly ash generated from boiler shall be included.

Given in EIA report at

Page- 102, Refer Para -

6.11.3

39. Explore the possibility to use fuel other than wood. Other than wood, there

can be Oil, electric or

LPG boilers.

40. Precautions to be taken during storage and transportation of

hazardous chemicals shall be clearly mentioned and

incorporated.

Given in EIA report,

Refer chapter 10 ,

Para no. – 10.5 at Page

no- 124

41. Authorization/ Membership for the disposal of solid/ hazardous

waste in TSDF.

Refer Annexure- IV

42. List of hazardous chemicals (as per MSIHC rule) with toxicity

levels.

Details given in the

safety data sheet on

Annexure-II

43. A write up on “Safe Practice” followed for hazardous chemicals

including methanol handling, storage, transportation and

unloading to be submitted.



Annexure-II

44. A write up on “Treatment of Workers” affected by accidental

spillage of hazardous chemicals including methanol.



Annexure-II

45. Locating the plant in open area instead of covered to be

reviewed in view of safety consideration.

Reviewed

46. An action plan to develop green belt in 33% area. Refer Chapter – 8

Para – 8.7 at Page-113

47. Action plan for rainwater harvesting measures at plant site shall

be included to harvest rainwater from the roof tops and storm

water drains to recharge the ground water.

Refer Chapter -14, from

Page-153

48. Details of occupational health programme :-

i. To which chemicals, workers are exposed directly or

indirectly.

ii. Whether these chemicals are within Threshold Limit Values

(TLV) / Permissible Exposure Levels as per ACGIH

recommendation.

iii. What measures company has taken to keep these chemicals

within PEL /TLV.

Refer Chapter – 10 at

Page-117 and safety data

sheet on Annexure-II

19



iv. How the workers are evaluated concerning their exposure to

chemicals during pre-placement and periodical medical

monitoring.

v. What are onsite and offsite emergency plan during chemical

disaster.

vi. Liver function tests (LFT) during pre-placement and

periodical examination.

49. Details of occupational health surveillance programme. Details given in Chapter

– 10 at Page no- 117

50. Socio- economic development activities shall be in place. Given in EIA report,

Refer chapter 11 at

Page-126

51. Detailed Environment Management Plan (EMP) with specific

reference to details of air pollution control system, water &

wastewater management, monitoring frequency, responsibility

and time bound implementation plan for mitigation measure

shall be provided.

Given in EIA report,

Refer Chapter- 8, Page

no- 110

52. EMP shall include the concept of waste-minimization, recycle /

reuse / recover techniques, energy conservation and natural

resource conservation.

Included, Refer Chapter-

8, Page no-110

53. Corporate Environmental Responsibility

(a) Does the company have a well laid down Environment

Policy approved by its Board of Directors? If so, it may

be detailed in the EIA report.

(b) Does the Environmental Policy prescribe for standard

operating process/ procedures to bring into focus any

infringement/ deviation/ violation of the environmental or

forest norms/ conditions? If so, it may be detailed in the

EIA report.

Refer chapter – 11 at

Page-126

54. What is the hierarchical system or Administrative Order of the

Company to deal with the environmental issues and for ensuring

compliance with the EC conditions? Details of this system may

be given.

Refer chapter – 11 at

Page-126

55. Does the company has a system of reporting of non- compliance

/ violations of environmental norms to the Board of Directors of

the Company and / or shareholders or stakeholders at large? This

reporting mechanism should be detailed in the EIA report.

Refer Page no- 128

56. At least 5% of the total cost of the project should be earmarked

towards the Enterprise Social Commitment based on Public

Refer Page no- 127

20



Hearing issues and item-wise details along with time bound

action plan should be prepared and incorporated.

57. Total capital cost and recurring cost/ annum for environmental

pollution control measures.

Total project cost: 4426

lakhs, capital cost for

environment protection

measures- 29 lakhs, &

recurring cost- 3 lakhs

58. Public hearing issues raised and commitments made by the

project proponent on the same should be included separately in

EIA/ EMP Report in the form of tabular chart with financial

budget for complying with the commitments made.

Refer Public hearing

Document

59. Any litigation pending against the project and / or any direction /

order passed by any Court of Law against the project, if so,

details thereof.

No litigation is pending.

21



EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

22



1.0 INTRODUCTION:

M/s Punjab Acids-Chem. Pvt. Ltd. is proposing to enhance capacity of the unit &

addition of chemical products like Oleum, Di-Methyl Sulphate, Sodium Bi-

sulphite, Sulphamic Acid & Liquid SO3 at Village Behra, Tehsil Derabassi, Distt.

Mohali, Punjab. As per MoEF, GOI Notification dated 14-09-2006 they are

required to have Environmental Clearance for their project before establishing the

same. As per schedule of the Notification the Organic Chemical Industries are

listed at S. No. 5(f) and General Conditions given in the Notification are

applicable to the unit. Further, the project is to be treated as Category ‘A’ and thus

the Environmental clearance is to be given by the Central Govt. (MoEF). One of

the conditions of the TOR is to have Public Hearing, which has been organized by

PPCB on dated 15th January, 2014. Result of the same has been included in EIA

report as Annexure-I. This document is the summary of the Final EIA Report.

2.0 ENVIRONMENTAL BENCH MARK CONDITIONS:

In order to know the impact of the project on various parameters, it is necessary to

know their existing levels. The anticipated effect of the pollutants from the project,

if any, shall be superimposed on this to assess the final levels as compared to the

permissible limits.

Monitoring stations were established at eight different places within the study area

and the existing levels of various parameters in respect of the following were

observed to see their quality.

I) Ambient Air

II) Ground & Surface water

III) Noise

23



IV) Soil

It has been seen that all parameters are well within the permissible limits.

Demographic, Socio Economic aspects & Eco Biodiversity angles were also

studied & results documented.

3.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION:

3.1 General

The Punjab Acids-Chem. (P) Limited located at Village Behra, Tehsil Dera Bassi,

and Distt. S.A.S. Nagar Mohali, Punjab is about 6 Kms from Dera Bassi Bus

Stand and about 26 Kms from Chandigarh (U.T) Bus Stand. It is about 6 km from

Chandigarh – Ambala Highway. The unit has 10 acres existing land. No additional

land is required for expansion. The total cost of the project is 4426 lacs.

3.2 Machinery

Following machinery will be finally in position within the unit:

3.3 Manufacturing Process:

1) Sulphuric Acid Manufacturing Process:

The manufacturing process for Sulphuric Acid as practiced in the plant at

the present time is described as under:

S.NO. EQUIPMENT NAME

1 Reaction Vessels

2 Condensers, Heat Exchanger

3 Decanters/Centrifuge

4 Cooling Tower

5 Storage Tanks

6 Steam Boiler (6 TPH)

24



(a) Sulphur: Solid sulphur of 99% purity from sulphur storage yard is

charged by wheel-barrows to the sulphur melter-cum-settler. The molten

sulphur from the melter compartment flows to the sulphur settler

compartment. The melter has capacity equivalent to more than two days

consumption at the rated sulphur utilization. The melter chamber is

divided into three compartments for removal of any ash particles

(suspended solids) by settling. With an initial ash content of 0.2% in the

dirty molten sulphur, the ash content in the sulphur in the last

compartment of sulphur settler will not exceed 0.02% (200 ppm).

From the last pumping compartment molten sulphur at about 1350C is

pumped by means of one of the submerged centrifugal sulphur pumps to

the sulphur burner. The molten sulphur is pumped to the burner through a

steam jacketed and insulated pipe line and is controlled by a flow

regulating valve. The sulphur burner is of a horizontal type lined with

refractory and insulating material. The combustion of molten sulphur is

fully completed in the burner.

(b) Air and Gas System: The combustion air for burning of the sulphur

and for conversion of SO2 to SO3 is provided by the air blower via the

drying chamber. The air blower after the filtration of air on its suction side

forces clean air through a drying tower where 98.4% sulphuric acid is

circulated. The filtered and dried air goes to the sulphur burner.

The gases leaving the sulphur burner have around 11% SO2 at a

temperature of around 980 deg. C. These gases pass through waste heat

boiler No. 1 where saturated steam is produced at a pressure of about

32kg/cm2. The waste heat boiler no. 1 and super heater are designed

according to the process requirement and the temperature control of the

outlet gases is achieved through by-passing of a part of the hot gases

25



leaving the burner through a refractory lined duct line fitted with heat

resisting valve. It is thus possible to control the temperature of the gases

entering the first bed of the converter at the desired level.

Before entering the converter the gases pass through a special type of

lower type HGF filter which removes minor quantities of dust which might

reach this point. The filter is loaded with crushed and cleaned filter media

and is completely insulated. The gases leaving the HGF filter enter the first

bed of the converter at around 430 deg. C and come out at around 600 deg.

C. Vanadium pent oxide (V205) catalyst is used for the conversion of SO2

to SO3. These gases are cooled in a waste heat boiler No. 2 where steam is

raised at around 32 kg/cm2 and superheated to 370 deg. C. For proper

control of temperature, gas entering the second bed of the converter at

around 525 deg. C. is cooled to around 440 deg. C before entering the third

pass by passing the gas on the tube side of the hot heat exchanger which in

turn heats the gases coming from the cold heat exchanger. A by-pass valve

is provided on the tube side of the hot heat exchanger for proper control of

the gases entering the third bed of the converter. The gases come out of the

third bed of the converter at around 4650 C. are cooled on the tube side of

the cold heat exchanger to a temperature of around 2500 C which after

further cooling enter the interpass absorption tower where SO3 is absorbed

by means of sulphuric acid (98.4%) and the remaining gases coming out of

the interpass absorption tower at about 700 C are first heated on the shell

side of cold heat exchanger where the temperature is raised to around 3300

C. the gases then pass through the shell side of the hot heat exchanger

where the temperature is raised to around 425oC. before entering the fourth

bed of the converter. For proper control of temperature of the gases

26



entering the fourth bed of the converter, a by-pass on the tube side of the

cold heat exchanger is provided.

The fourth bed of catalyst is the largest of all the beds. The relative higher

contact time (lower space velocity) with negligible initial SO3

concentration causes a very high deg. of SO2 conversion to SO3. The

overall conversion of SO2 to SO3 obtain in the converter is more than

99.7%. The gasses pass through an economizer where they are cooled to

around 200 deg. C. These gases after further cooling enter the final

absorption tower then SO3 in the gases gets absorbed in the tower. The

remain gases containing mostly N2 (93%) and O2 (7 %) is passes through

demister and are vented through the alkali scrubber and then to stack. The

condition is of operation are controlled in such a manner that this

remaining gases escaping through the chimney are kept as per MINAS

standard.

A caustic alkali scrubber has been installed before the vent to chimney, for

absorbing any excessive quantity of unconverted SO2 gas that may

otherwise be released during the start-up for shutdown of such units as

well as during any plant disturbances.

(c) Acid System: 98.4% sulphuric acid is circulated in the air drying

tower, interpass absorption tower and final absorption tower. This ensures

optimum drying in case of drying tower and maximum absorption

efficiency of SO3 in the absorption towers. All the towers have common

acid pump tank. The air drying tower is used for drying of air coming from

the main air blower so that the moisture content in the dried air is removed

as per the process requirements. Interpass absorption tower removes SO2

coming from the third bed of the converter so that the gases entering the

27



fourth and final bed is free of SO3. This enhances the conversion of SO2 to

SO3 in such a way that the exhaust gases coming from the final absorption

tower are free of SO2.

The circulating acid is collected in a common acid pump tank. The acid

strength in the pump tank is controlled automatically with online acid

strength analyzers by feeding the required quantity of water through

automatic control valve and rotameter. The acid pump tank is fitted with a

vertical submerged acid circulation pump which feeds acid to the towers

via shell tube acid coolers of pore free alloys with latest design. These acid

coolers cool the acid before feeding the towers. The acid is cooled by shell

tube cooler, fed with closed circuit of cooling water. The tapping for the

product acid is taken from the outlet of the acid coolers.

2) Oleum:

Oleum is a dense colorless liquid which is formed by absorbing sulphur

trioxide gas in sulphuric acid. Oleum reacts like a mixture of sulphur

trioxide and Sulphuric acid but contains Pyro-sulphuric Acid (H2S2O7), the

composition of which corresponds to 45% sulphur trioxide. The sulphur

Trioxide gas is to be taken after the 3rd pass of converter of existing

Sulphuric acid plant to the Oleum absorption Tower from the bottom &

concentrated 98.4% Sulphuric Acid is to be fed from the top of the Oleum

absorption tower. The feed of sulphuric acid in the Oleum absorption

tower is to be maintained through Rota Meter, Oleum strength Monitor &

continue circulation of Oleum in the absorption tower. During the proper

Mixing/absorption of SO3 gas with H2SO4, the temperature will also

increased with exothermic reaction, to cool down the Oleum and maintain

the proper required temperature, the Oleum is to be cooled through Plate /

Shell type Oleum cooler.

28



3) Sulphur Trioxide (Liquid):

The Oleum Liquid is to be fed to SO3 Generator through Oleum Heater.

The evaporation with the help of steam is to be achieved to get the pure

gaseous vapours, which will be condensed in the SO3 condenser. The cold

water will be fed to SO3 condenser to get the proper production of liquid

sulphur trioxide & which will be stored in the jacketed Storage Tanks. The

liquid sulphur trioxide (24%) SO3 will be supplied to DMS plant from

these tanks only.

4) Di-Methyl-Sulphate

1. Methanol is Vaporized & the pre-heated Vapors are fed continuously

in a Catalyst Bed Reactor (Temp 240 to 250oc) to convert the methanol

into Di-Methyl-Ether (DME)

2. Di-Methyl-Ether thus formed is Sulphonated with Liquid SO3 to get

crude Di-Methyl-Sulphate (DMS) which is further purified by Vacuum

distillation to get pure DMS.

Reaction:

2CH3OH CH3OCH3+H2O

CH3OCH3+SO3 (CH3)2 SO4 {DMS}

1) Methanol is pumped from main storage tank continuously into

methanol vaporizer, vapors of methanol is passed thru two nos. heat

exchangers to superheat the methanol vapors which then fed continuously

into catalytic reactor containing alumina catalyst temperature of 250-260o

C is maintained in the reactor for conversion of methanol to Di-Methyl-

Ether, unconverted methanol is 15-20%. This DME+UN converted

methanol + water of reaction is taken into stripping col. To get pure DME

CAT

29



vapors, methanol + water mix. Is fed to methanol recovery col. To get pure

methanol which is reused?

2) DME from DME STRIPPING COL. Is fed into a sulphonater where

it reacts with liq. SO3 to get crude DMS.

3) Crude DMS from storage tank is fed into DMS distillation unit

continuously to get pure DMS which is stored in storage tanks as finished

product.

4) Bottom residue of distillation kettle containing some DMS and spent

acid is taken into another DMS recovery unit to recover left over DMS,

spent acid & small quantity of water is to be used alum plant and for

cooling in sulphuric acid plant.

5) Sulphamic Acid (SMA)

Chemical Reaction:

NH2CO2 + H2SO4 = 2NH3SO3H + CO2

(Urea + Sulphuric Acid) = (SMA)

98%

Urea is reacted with mixture of 98% Sulphuric Acid & 65% Oleum at

elevated temp. SMA thus formed is separated by diluting the reaction mass

& then filtering the slurry of SMA Thus formed wet cake of SMA is dried

and packed.

CO2 formed during reactions is vented out after scrubbing. Spent dilute

Sulphuric Acid is used in the manufacture of Alum etc.

30



6) Sodium bi-sulphite:-

Sulphur dioxide gas is purged in a Reactor containing Caustic solution

under agitating and circulation. Reaction takes place and crystallization

started after saturation of Mother Liquor. Then entire material is

centrifuged to separate solid wet cake of Sodium bi-sulphite which is dried

in Flash Dryer get dry Sodium bi-sulphite pure product. The Mother liquor

collected and recycled to prepare next batch.

Chemical Reaction:-

NaOH + SO2 NaHSO3

3.4 Facilities at the Plant

The firm has already acquired 10 acres of land where part factory building has

been constructed and remaining building, and some other ancillary structures are

proposed to be constructed for expansion. It provides adequate space for the

following areas of working:-

1. Storage for raw material and finished goods.

2. Plant and Machinery

3. Store

4. Offices

5. Toilets

6. Water storage tanks

Open space will be landscaped and trees will be planted in due course of time.

31



3.5 Emissions:-

There are no emissions from the process as no gaseous material is generated. All

materials which become vapors during process are condensed through series of

condensers, as all process occur in tightly closed system. However there may be

some secondary emissions due to moving of vehicles which will be controlled

through sprinkling of water.

3.6 Waste Handling Treatment:-

Liquid Waste:-

There will be no generation of waste from manufacturing process. The domestic

effluent shall be treated through STP. The domestic treated water will be used for

plantation.

Solid Waste:-

Solid wastes in the unit are from the following sources.

i) Solids from APCD.

ii) Ash from the Boiler furnace

Solids from APCD will be disposed off at designated land filling site. Ash from

boiler will be sending to land fill site.

Hazardous Waste:-

The Hazardous wastes generated from the unit are Sulphur Sludge, Catalyst dust and

used DG Set oils. The Sulphur sludge & Catalyst Dust will be sent to TSDF site

Nimbuan Dera Bassi for final disposal & used oil from D.G. Set shall be sold to

recyclers. There are no other hazardous wastes.

32



POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES:-

(i) AIR POLLUTION:-

Three stacks already exist in the industry and one more stack will be installed with

the boiler. The existing stacks are attached with alum plant and with DG sets. The

fuel used for boiler will be biomass. Diesel is used for DG set. The main pollutants

are particulate matter and gaseous emissions.

(ii) WATER POLLUTION:-

Water is already used in the process as well as domestic purpose. After expansion the

consumption of water will be increased. Waste water from the toilets will be treated

through septic tank. The domestic effluent shall mainly be used for plantation.

(iii) NOISE POLLUTION:-

There is some noise producing machineries such as ID Fan, Blowers etc. All these

machines are spread at different places within the covered sheds. Thus no noise of

significant level should go outside the working area which may disturb the general

noise environment. DG set will be installed with canopy.

ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT & MITIGATION

MEASURES:

General:

Various Environment factors as existing in the project area which possibly could

be affected by the activities have been assessed & identified as below:

(i) Ambient Air

(ii) Water Quality

(iii) Noise

(iv) Land use pattern

33



(v) Soil and Agricultural

(vi) Demography and socio-economic pattern.

(a) SHORT TERM-CONSTRUCTION STAGE:-

Air:

It is an existing unit which is already in production. There is no point source of Air

Pollution during construction phase. The only source will be the dust generation

due to excavation, construction and plying of vehicles within unit. Some emission

may be expected from vehicles plying in the area for transportation of material etc.

Kerosene oil shall be provided to the labour so that they do not burn wood for

cooking etc.

Water:

Requirement of water during construction activity will be about 1.0 m3/day and

there will be no waste discharge as the same will be used completely. However,

during monsoon some malba etc may get washed due to run off from the site.

There is a natural ‘nallah’ near the land which takes the entire run off from the

area. Thus, there will be no impact of the unit on water Environment.

Noise:

Some noise may be expected from the working of the machinery for replacement

and repair purposes and movement of vehicles. Steps will be taken to reduce its

effect by resorting to staggering of various operations. Even otherwise since there

will not be any large scale machinery; the activity is not likely to have any

significant effect on the overall noise environment.

Land:

It is an approved FEZ area; the land at site is leveled as such no leveling is

required. Natural drainage will not be disturbed. Solid waste from construction

34



activities will be used within the premises under roads & refilling. There will not

be any significant impact on land in general.

Socio Economic:

The project does not involve any displacement of population or rehabilitation of

any kind. Rather it will provide employment to local people in the shape of

additional man power required for the units, & will boost the economy of the area.

It will have some positive impact, although not to a large extent.

(b) LONG TERM-OPERATIONAL STAGE:-

After the unit starts production the operational impacts and their mitigation

measures could be as under:

(i) Air Environment

There is the source of likely pollution which is PM emission from the Boiler

furnaces & mist from Sulphuric Acid plant/Alum Plant. All the processes are

closed circuits as such emissions to the open atmosphere will be minimum.

However, APCD, Multi –Cyclone will be installed on boiler & Alkali Scrubber on

Sulphuric Acid/Alum plant already been provided to neutralize Acid mist. So there

will be not any effect on the Air Environment.

(ii) Water Environment

About 8.0 m3/day waste water is generated from existing unit. This will be treated

through STP. There is no discharge of water from industrial process. Treated

domestic water has been being discharged on land for irrigation. Treated effluent

will not be thrown in any water body. Thus water environment is not likely to be

affected. Further, ground water will be balanced through recharge by rain water

harvesting from the roof top to the extent about 12960m3/annum through recharge

35



wells. Thus pressure on underground water will be reduced. This will have some

positive effects.

(iii) Land Environment

It is existing unit and no additional land required for expansion and located in Free

Enterprises Zone. Thus there will not be any significant adverse effect on the

existing general land environment with the coming up of the project. Soil quality in

the area will not be affected.

(iv) Noise Environment

There will be no noise producing machinery or equipment except ID fans &

Blower etc. which will be placed at different places within the closed sheds

causing least disturbance in the area. There is no likelihood of any significant

change in noise environment. Noise Environment in the area thus, will not be

affected.

(v) Socio Economic Pattern

After expansion project will provide more employment to local people in the field

of running plants and maintenance of machinery, APCD & security etc. Thus it

will have positive effect on the employment potential in the area.

CONCLUSION:-

In view of the proper pollution control measure proposed for the unit as

stated above it is concluded that there will be improvement in the

development of commercial activities, generation of direct and indirect

employment opportunities & the overall, improvement of Quality of life in the

surrounding area.

36



4.0 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN:

To achieve the results as per the measures proposed for mitigation of the various

pollutants, the following management practices have been suggested for various

factors.

Air Environment

Cyclone & Alkali Scrubber shall be provided to arrest SPM from flue gases to

keep it within permissible limits. All vehicles for service activities at the project

site shall be checked for vehicular emission. The agencies will be asked to keep

them within prescribed limits. Tree plantation shall be done along the boundary

which will further improve the air Environment in general.

Water Environment

Water shall be drawn from existing tube well. During construction toilet facilities

shall be provided to labour with septic tank. Finally, waste water from the toilets

shall be taken to septic tank through underground delivery system and treated to

tertiary level. The treated water will be discharged on land for irrigation within the

premises. It will not be thrown outside either on land or in any water body. Roof

top rain water shall be harvested and used for ground water recharge to minimize

effect of withdrawal of water from the underground.

Noise Environment

During Construction stage “NO HORN” signs will be displayed at prominent places.

The drivers shall be directed not to blow horn unnecessarily. Vehicle owners will be

asked to maintain them in proper condition. During operational stage noise creating

machinery such as blower, ID Fans etc will be housed different places within closed

sheds so as not to disturb the noise level in the area.

37



Land Environment

To avoid erosion of the top soil the development is planned in the shortest possible

time and land-clearing activity shall be kept to the absolute minimum by working

at the specific sites one by one where construction is to take place so as to increase

detention and infiltration. Natural waterways/drainage pattern shall be maintained

by providing culverts where needed. The requirements of sand and aggregates for

the construction works will be met through venders. The land use is thus so

planned that there is minimum adverse impact.

Solid Waste

The solid waste generated from the construction activities shall be effectively

recycled within the project site. The other solid wastes from the APCD shall be

dumped in a dumping pit of R.C.C. and disposed off in the designated land fill

places.

Monitoring of various parameters will be done at frequent intervals in the study

area, so as to ensure that no deterioration takes place. The results of the monitoring

shall be documented and watched properly. The frequency of the checking is as

under:

S.No. Item Parameters to be

checked

Frequency

1 Ambient Air PM10 & PM2.5, NOX & SO2 Every six months

2 Vehicles PUC Every Quarter

3 Noise Level dB (A) Once in a year

4 Ground water As per IS 10500 Once in a year

In order to ensure the implementation of the EMP, a structured Environment

Management Cell (EMC) interwoven with the existing management system will

be created. This will include:-

38



Representative of the management

Process in charge

In charge maintenance Dept.

A representative of Environment consultants.

All actions of the cell shall be documented.

5.0 COST OF ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION MEASURES:

S.No Title Capital Cost

Lacs

Recurring Cost

- Lacs

(Annum)

1 Air Pollution Control 15.0 2.0

2. Noise Pollution Control

(Including cost of Landscaping,

Green Belt)

4.0 ---

3. Solid Waste Management 2.0 0.5

4. Environment Monitoring and

Management (Including

Establishment of Laboratory)

8.0 0.5

Total 29.0 3.0

39



ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

40



CHAPTER-1.0

INTRODUCTION

M/s Punjab Acids-Chem. Pvt. Ltd. is proposing to enhance capacity of the unit &

addition of chemical products like Oleum, Di-Methyl Sulphate, Sodium Bi-

sulphite, and Sulphamic Acid & Liquid SO3 at Village Behra, Tehsil Derabassi,

and Distt. Mohali, Punjab. As per MoEF, GOI Notification dated 14-09-2006 they

are required to have Environmental Clearance of their project before establishing

the same. As per schedule of the Notification the Organic Chemical Industries are

listed at S. No. 5(f), the general and specific conditions given in the Notification

are applicable to the unit. Further, the project site falls within the 10 km of

Haryana- Punjab State boundary, so the project is to be treated as Category ‘A’

and thus the Environmental Clearance is to be given by the Central Govt. (MoEF).

Earlier, the project was appraised by the EAC in their 6th meeting dated 7th March,

2013 and TORs were issued by them for preparation of final EIA report. One of

the conditions of the TOR is to have Public Hearing which has been organized by

PPCB on dated 15th January, 2014. Result of the same has been included in EIA

report as Annexure-I. Key plan of the site is attached as Fig 1.1. The location

details of the site are given in Table 1.1.

41



FIGURE – 1.1

KEY - PLAN

42



Table – 1.1

Location Details

S.No Particulars Details

1 Location

a Village/ Town/Plot No. Behra

b Tehsil Dera Bassi

c District S.A.S. Nagar Mohali

d State Punjab

e Latitude 30º34’17” North

d Longitude 76º53’07” East

2 Elevation 315 mts.

3 Land use at the project site Industrial

4 Climatic Conditions

Temperature

Rainfall

Relative Humidity, %

Wind speed, Kms/hour

Min: 6oC, Max:40 oc

1000-1100 mm (average)

Min: 23%, Max:80%

10 Km (approx.)

5 Nearest highway National Highway-22

(Chandigarh – Ambala about 6 km)

6 Nearest railhead Lalru (about 7 km)

7 Nearest airport Chandigarh (about 20 km)

8 Nearest major city Mohali (about 25 km)

9 Nearest major settlement Dera Bassi (about 6 km)

10 Features with 10 km :

i) Defence installations Nil

ii) Archaeological important

places

Nil

iii) Wild life sanctuaries Nil

Iv) Reserved/Protected forest Bir Kheri PF about 3 km, Bir Dadrala PF

about 4km, Bir Baqarpura PF about 7 km

from site.

v) Industries Industrial Focal Point Dera Bassi

vi) Rivers Dangri Nadi about 6 km in Haryana State &

Ghaggar Nadi about 8 km in Punjab.

vii) Hill ranges Nil

viii) State Boundary Haryana State (about 2 km)

43



CHAPTER-2.0

SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY

2.1 Scope

This report contains various information on the environmental factors viz-a-viz

contribution of pollution by the proposed unit. These factors include air, water,

noise, health and welfare facilities, land use and agricultural pattern etc., and

discuss the predicted impact of the proposed plant activities on these factors.

Broadly under the scope of this E.l.A. report it is envisaged:-

To assess the present status of air, water, land, noise,

biological & Socio economic components of

environment.

To identify, quantify &. Evaluate positive or negative impacts of

various operations on different environmental components.

To evaluate proposed pollution control measures and to suggest

additional control strategies, if any, to mitigate the adverse

effects.

To prepare Environmental Management Plan for utilization and

adoption of safety measures.

To delineate future Environmental quality monitoring programme.

Suggest safety measures against possible industrial hazards.

2.2 Methodology

Various steps involved in Environmental Impact Assessment study of the

proposed project are divided into the following phases:

Identification of significant environmental parameters and to study the

existing status within the impact zone with respect to air, water, noise, soil

and socioeconomic components of the environment.

44



Study of various activities of the proposed project for manufacture of

Sulphuric Acid, Alum, Oleum, Di-Methyl Sulphate, Sodium, Bi-Sulphite,

Sulphamic acid & Liquid SO3 and to indentify the area leading to

impact/change in environmental quality.

Identification/Prediction of impacts for identified activities and to study

levels of impact on various environmental components.

Evaluation of impacts after superimposing the predicted impact over the

baseline quality.

Formulation of Environmental Management Plan for implementation in the

proposed project.

45



CHAPTER-3.0

PROFILE OF THE COMPANY & PROMOTORS

M/s Punjab Acids-Chem. (Pvt.) Ltd is a Private Limited Company. The Directors of the

company are as under:

1. Sh. Inderjit Singh Bal

Father's Name Late S. Balwant Singh

Date of Birth 18.04.1960

Address # 3106, Sector 32 D, Chandigarh

Qualification Graduation

Experience Director in M/s D. K. Chemicals Pvt. Ltd.

since 1986

Director in M/s Balwant Singh & Sons Pvt.

Limited since 1987

Partner in M/s Punjab Chemical Agency

Partner in M/s Delhi Kota Roadways

Director in M/s Punjab Acids-Chem Pvt. Ltd.since 2001

2. Mrs. Inderpal Kaur

Husband's Name S. Harvinder Singh


Address # 49A/41, Punjabi Bagh, New Delhi


Experience Director in M/s Punjab Acids-Chem Pvt. Ltd.

since 2001

3. Mrs. Jagvinder Kaur

Husband's

Name

S. Inderjit Singh Bal


Address # 3106, Sector 32 D, Chandigarh


Experience Director in M/s Punjab Acids-Chem Pvt. Ltd. since 2001

46



4. Mr. Harvinder Singh

Father's Name Late S. Jagir Singh


Address # 49A/41, Punjabi Bagh, New Delhi


Experience Director in M/s D. K. Chemicals Pvt. Ltd.

since 1986

Director in M/s Balwant Singh & Sons Pvt.

Limited since 1987

Partner in M/s Punjab Chemical Agency

Partner in M/s Delhi Kota Roadways

Director in M/s Punjab Acids-Chem Pvt. Ltd.

since 2001

47



CHAPTER-4.0

BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING

4.1 The State

Punjab is one of the progressive States in the Northern part of India. It

derives its name from five rivers which used to flow through the State

before partition of the Country in 1947 viz Sutlej, Beas, Ravi, Chenab, and

Jhelum. After partition two of the rivers i.e. Chenab and Jhelum went to

Pakistan Punjab and the other three remained in Indian Punjab. It has one of

the oldest irrigation systems of the country known as Sir Hind Canal with

recent addition of Bhakhra Canal System. The economy of the State is

dependent mainly on Agriculture. It, along with Haryana, contributes about

50% food grains to the common pool of the country. Punjab has over 2.04

lakh small and medium industries and about 600 large scale industries. It

leads in the manufacture of machine and hand tools; printing and paper

cutting machinery; auto parts and electrical switch gear. The State also

provides more than 75% of the country's requirement for bicycles, sewing

machines, hosiery and sports goods. At par with the highest quality

standards in the world, these products have carved a niche for themselves in

markets across the globe.

It has also made big strides towards industrialization. A number of

Industrial areas have been developed by the State. Ludhiana, Jalandhar,

Amritsar and Mohali are famous for Large and Medium scale industrial

units. Many small Industrial areas & Focal Points have also been developed

in different towns for small scale units.

48



4.2 District S.A.S Nagar

S.A.S. Nagar District has been carved out of areas falling in Roper and

Patiala District as 18th District of Punjab on 14th April 2006. It is

contiguous to the union territory of Chandigarh. The district has been

formed to achieve growth of development as this area is emerging as major

I.T hub of Northern India. The district includes Mohali, Kharar and Dera

Bassi Tehsil. It is located in the South Eastern part of Punjab and is part of

Patiala division. The District includes 414 villages. The important

townships in the district are Kharar, Kurali, Mohali, and Zirakpur & Dera

Bassi. Kharar Tehsil is the largest administrative unit of the new district

with 154 villages followed by Dera Bassi Tehsil with 44 villages. The

district is spread over geographical area of 1092.64 sq. kms. The rural area

constitutes 1021.77 sq. kms as compared to urban area of 70.87 sq. kms.

Mohali town is the Head Quarter of the District and forms part of

Chandigarh Tricity which includes Chandigarh, Panchkula and Mohali.

4.3 Project Site

The Plant site is in FEZ (Free Enterprises Zone) Derabassi, Dist. S.A.S.

Nagar Mohali of Punjab. It is on Chandigarh-Ambala Highway NH-22.

Dera Bassi block has number of small scale and medium scale units.

Chemical, paints, Steel tubes, plywood, handlooms knitting and dairy are

some of the industries which have offered good employment to a number of

persons. Project site lies near Long 76° 53' 17" East and Lat: 30° 34' 07"

North and is at an altitude of about 315 m. above mean sea level. It is well

connected with Mohali, Chandigarh & Zirakpur through well maintained

metalled roads. It is about 25 K.M. from Mohali; Chandigarh Bus stand is

at a distance of about 20 K.M. by road. The nearest rail head is Lalru,

49



which is at a distance of about 7 km from the site. Location & Layout Plan

of the unit is given in Fig. 4.1 & 4.2

FIGURE – 4.1

LOCATION – PLAN

50



FIGURE – 4.2

LOCATION ON SATELLITE IMAGERY (COURTESY

GOOGLE EARTH)

51



FIGURE – 4.3

SITE – PLAN

52



FIGURE – 4.4

LULC MAP

LULC Classes Area in km2 Percentage

Dense Forest 3.20 1.02 Open Forest 98.91 31.40 Non Forest 24.80 7.87 Agriculture Land 177.17 56.25 Built-up Land 8.70 2.76 Water Body 2.21 0.70 Total 314.98 100

53



4.4 Study Area

In order to establish bench mark conditions near the unit an area of 10 km

around the site has been selected which is shown in Fig. 4.5 Detail of

villages falling in the study area has been given in Table 4.1.

FIGURE – 4.5

Details of the Study Area

(Within 10 kms radius area)

54



TABLE-4.1 DETAILS OF THE STUDY AREA

(Within 10 kms radius area)

Sr.

No.

Name of the Village Distance Direction

1 Project Site 0.0 -

2 Mirpur 6.25 NW

3 Mubarakpur 6.0 NW

4 Derabassi 6.0 N

5 Pandwala 5.0 NW

6 Bhagwanpur 5.5 SE

7 Samgauli 5.5 SW

8 Mukandpur 6.5 SW

9 Bijarpur 7.5 SW

10 Bahadurgarh 2.0 NW

11 Mankan 5.45 N

12 Bhanun 4.75 N

13 Ramgarh 7.25 N

14 Mor Tikri 6.0 N

15 Sultanpur 3.25 E

16 Kakrali 6.05 NW

17 Kheri Gujran 4.5 SW

18 Mahiwala 4.5 W

19 Dadrala 6.0 SW

20 Haripur 6.65 W

21 Haibatpur 4.75 NW

22 Dafarpur 7.0 NW

23 Gulabgarh 5.25 W

24 Kheri 4.5 NW

25 Nagal 3.25 NE

26 Alipur 4.75 NE

27 Babupur 1.75 NE

28 Khatauli 5.0 E

29 Toka 6.5 NE

55



4.5 Climate

There is a meteorological observatory at Chandigarh which is at a distance of

about 20 km from the site. Its data is fairly representative of the conditions in

the District in general.

Chandigarh falls under Koeppen’s Cwg category i.e. it has cold dry winder,

hot summer and sub tropical monsoon. Evaporation usually exceeds

precipitation and the weather is generally dry. The area experiences four

seasons: (i) Summer or hot season (mid- March to Mid-June) (ii) Rainy

30 Devi Nagar 7.45 SW

31 Knauli 7.25 NE

32 Khangesra 5.25 NE

33 Dhandaru 7.0 E

34 Haripur Hindua 1.85 W

35 Saidpur 3.85 W

36 Debkanuri 8.75 NE

37 Sandran 4.0 N

38 Khurhanwala 2.75 W

39 Jalauli 2.35 E

40 Sundarpur 1.75 SE

41 Rahawar 5.5 SE

42 Sarkpur 7.75 SE

43 Barwala 3.35 SE

44 Batawar 4.5 SE

45 Mauli 8.0 SE

46 Nayagaon 7.35 SE

47 Bharali 5.0 S

48 Bhagsi 6.45 S

49 Bera 2.5 S

50 Mianpur 8.25 SW

51 Rampur Sainian 0.75 W

56



season (late-June to mid-September); (iii) Post mansoon autiumn/transition

season (mid September to Mid- November); (iv) Winter (mid November to

mid-March). The dry spell of summer is long but with occasional drizzles or

under storms (City Development Plan Chandigarh).

4.6 Temperatures

The area is fairly plain. December and January are the coldest months

whereas in May and June the heat is quite intense. The wettest months of the

seasons are July, August and September. The temperature varies from 6oC

minimum to 40oC maximum during the year. Monthly average temperatures

of the area are given in Table-4.2.

TABLE-4.2

MONTHLY AVERAGE TEMPERATURE

Months Maximum oC Minimum oC

January 20 6 February 23 10 March 28 14 April 34 20 May 38 24 June 40 26

July 34 25 August 32 24

September 33 17

October 32 17

November 27 11

December 22 7 Source: IMD Data – Chandigarh (2004-‘09)

57



4.7 Rainfall

The rainfall in the Zone is caused by the South-West monsoon. It starts in

the month of July and extends up-to the end of September. During this

period the monsoon rain-fall contributes about 75 to 80% of the total annual

rainfall. The average annual rain fall is in the range of 1000 to 1100 mm.

The annual number of rainy days on an average is about 51 in a year, out of

which about 31 falls in the monsoon period of July to September. Monthly

rainfall data for this zone is given in Table-4.3

TABLE-4.3

MONTHLY AVERAGE RAINFALL

Months Rainfall (mm) Avg. no. of rainy days

January 44 3

February 41 2.5

March 30 2.0

April 12 0.1

May 24 2.0

June 110 5.0

July 290 12.0

August 295 13

September 184 6

October 43 2

November 7 1

December 20 2

Total 1100 51

Source: 2004-2009 IMD, Chandigarh

58



4.8 Humidity

In summer months of April, May and June, which is the driest part of the

year, the afternoon humidity comes down to 23% to 25% while the relative

humidity during monsoon months goes up-to 75% to 80%. Monthly

humidity is given in Table-4.4

TABLE-4.4

MONTHLY HUMIDITY

Months Humidity (%)

08.30 Hrs. 17.30 Hrs.

January 70 44

February 63 41

March 50 33

April 38 25

May 35 23

June 10 25

July 75 64

August 81 69

September 76 58

October 57 40

November 58 40

December 67 45

Total 1100 51

Source: 2004-2009 IMD, Chandigarh

59



4.9 Cloudiness

During monsoon season skies are over cast with moderate to heavy clouds.

During rest of the year, the sky is mostly clear. It is lightly clouded

occasionally during winter season.

4.10 Winds

The Wind direction in the area is mostly from North-West to South-East.

During January to May the winds are quite strong while July to October is

calm months. The general trends of various meteorological data from

meteorological observatory at Chandigarh and field observations are used

to draw Wind Rose Diagram. The Wind rose diagram is shown in Figure-

4.6

60



FIGURE-4.6

WIND-ROSE DIAGRAM

Source: IMD, Chandigarh

61



4.11 Drainage

The area is fairly plain and has good slope from North-East to South-West.

The area is well drained and takes the entire rain water flows to local

Choes.

4.12 Land Use

The total area of the District is 1092.64 sq km. 68% is net sown area and

32% is under non-agricultural use. Agriculture is mostly dependent on

tube-wells. Rice and wheat are the main crops in the area.

4.13 Forest

There are no reserved forests near the project site. In the entire district, area

under forest is about 18,000 Ha. The company also proposes to plant about

150 trees and shrubs within the project area.

4.14 Flora and Fauna

Ecological system consists of varieties of interrelationship between both

biotic and abiotic components. Biotic components comprise of both plant

and animal communities, which interact not only between them but also

with the abiotic components. Animal plant communities in their natural

habitat exist in a well organized manner. The project does not disturb any

natural setting and is coming up in an already existing Industrial area.

Flora in the area generally consists of Dalbergia, Prosopis, Albizzia, Ficus,

Azolla, Hydrilla, Nelumbo, Typha, Phragmites, Zizyphus Mauritiana,

Syzgium cumini, Ipomoea aquatica, Cyprus and Grasses. Animals like

Wild Boar, Flying Fox, Wildcat, Squirrel, Fruit bat, and Common

Mongoose are found in the area.

62



4.15 Demography and Socio-Economic Scenario

Quite a good Industrial and Residential development has taken place in this

area, especially near Dera Bassi & Zirakpur etc. The socio-economic

profile has been studied through random sample primary surveys and

secondary data. The significant demographic and socio economic statistics

of the district are summarized and given in Table- 4.5

TABLE-4.5

Summary of Key Demographic Statistics

Punjab Mohali

Particulars 2011 2011 Male Population 14,634,819 5,24,989

Female Population 13,069,417 4,61,158

Total Population 27,704,236 9,86,147

Sex Ratio 893/1000 878/1000

Density of

Population/Km2 550 830

Literacy Rate: Average 76.68 % 84.90%

Male 81.48% 89.20%

Female 71.34% 80.00%

63



TABLE-4.6

OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE IN THE AREA

Occupation 2011 Percentage in the

District Agriculture Labour 21,638 8.0 %

Cultivators 40,445 14.9 %

House Hold Industry 6,539 2.5 %

Others covering:

Transport and

Communication

Trade & commerce

Govt. Services

Construction

Industry

2,01,401

74.6 %

Total 2,70,023 100%

64



CHAPTER-5.0

ENVIRONMENTAL BENCH MARK CONDITIONS

IN THE STUDY AREA

The study has been carried out for 3 months i.e. March, April & May 2013.

Various Environmental factors have been checked at selected stations

around the project site and the results of their quality have been

documented. The monitoring locations have been identified considering

drainage pattern, habitation and croplands and likely areas that represent

base line conditions. These will be frequently checked after the project

comes into operation and remedial measures taken, if any of the parameters

goes beyond the permissible limits. These are discussed as below:

5.1 Ambient Air Quality

The Status of Ambient Air Quality in the study area has been determined by

monitoring air quality in the Area at different Locations. The study area is a

mix of rural, urban and industrial area and the various sources of pollution

are dust arising from agricultural activities, vehicular traffic and industries.

The Locations are given in Table-5.1. & Figure 5.1

The ambient Air Quality results fall between Low for gases and moderate

for RSPM in Project Area. The Ambient Air Quality results are given in

Table-5.2

65



FIGURE – 5.1

Location of Monitoring Stations

(Ambient Air)

Project Site, AA1 AA2

AA3

AA4

AA5

AA6

66



TABLE- 5.1

AMBIENT AIR MONITORING STATIONS

S.No. Sample

Code

Name of

Village/Location

Co-ordinate Distance from

site (KM)

1. AA-1 Project Site

30o34’07” N

76o53’17” E

0

2. AA-2 Sundarpur 30o34’28” N

76o55’19” E 3 (E)

3. AA-3 Bharaili 30o32’31” N

76o55’25” E 4.2 (SE)

4. AA-4 Kheri gujran 30o33’17” N

76o52’31” E 2.5 (SW)

5. AA-5 Mahiwala 30o34’17” N

76o51’49” E 3.2 (W)

6. AA-6 Bahadurgarh 30o35’36” N

76o53’58.4” E 2.9 (N)

67



TABLE-5.2

Summary of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results (parameter of concern)

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY (ug/m3)

Location MONTH Concentration of Pollutants (µg/m3) 24-Hour

Average Value

Parameters SO2 NOX VOC PM2.5 PM10

Permissible Limits 80 80 --- 60 100

AA1

Project Site

Mar.-2013 5.6 20.5 1.6 42.6 86

Apr.-2013 5.6 21.4 1.8 43 85.6

May. -2013 5.5 20.5 1.7 43.3 84.3

Average 5.5 20.8 1.7 42.9 85.3

AA2

Sundarpur

Mar.-2013 5.1 21.3 1.1 45 84.3

Apr.-2013 5.0 22.3 1.1 44.3 86.3

May. -2013 5.1 22.3 1.2 46.3 85.6

Average 5.0 21.9 1.1 45.2 85.4

AA3

Bharaili

Mar.-2013 4.4 18.1 0.8 42 68.6

Apr.-2013 4.2 18.2 0.9 43.6 72.6

May. -2013 4.6 19.4 0.9 42.3 78

Average 4.4 18.5 0.9 42.6 73

AA4

Kheri

Gujran

Mar.-2013 4.5 17.3 0.5 38 66.6

Apr.-2013 4.2 17.0 0.4 37.3 66.6

May. -2013 4.2 17.1 0.6 40 66.3

Average 4.3 17.1 0.5 38.4 66.5

68



TABLE-5.2 (Contd.)

Summary of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY (µg / m3)

Location MONTH Concentration of Pollutants (µg/m3) 24-Hour

Average Value

Parameters SO2 NOX VOC PM2.5 PM10

Permissible Limits 80 80 --- 60 100

AA5

Mahiwala

Mar.-2013 4.4 16.9 0.7 40 74

Apr.-2013 4.3 17.3 0.6 40 70.6

May. -2013 4.1 17.1 0.6 39.3 72

Average 4.2 17.1 0.6 39.7 72.2

AA6

Bahadurgarh

Mar.-2013 4.0 17.3 0.5 39.3 68.6

Apr.-2013 4.1 17.2 0.5 38 74.6

May. -2013 4.1 17.3 0.6 38.6 68

Average 4.0 17.2 0.5 38.7 70.4

The monitoring for PM10, PM2.5, VOC, SO2 and NOX has been undertaken for the months

March, April & May 2013 as per CPCB guidelines.

69



Table-5.3

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results

PROJECT SITE

S.NO DATE OF

MONITORING

PM2.5

ug/m3

PM10

ug/m3

SO2

ug/m3

NOX

ug/m3

CO

mg/m3

LEAD

ug/m3

NICKEL

ng/m3

ARSENIC

ug/m3

O3

ug/m3

NH3

ug/m3

VOC

µg/m3

1. 04-03-2013 46 90 5.7 20.5 0.6 <0.1 8.0 <0.5 50.2 17.2 1.7

2. 16-03-2013 42 82 5.4 20.4 0.8 <0.1 8.4 <0.5 51.4 17.4 1.5

3. 28-03-2013 40 86 5.8 20.6 0.6 <0.1 8.3 <0.5 52.0 17.0 1.6

4. 02-04-2013 46 91 5.8 21.4 0.8 <0.1 8.8 <0.5 52.0 17.5 1.8

5. 13-04-2013 40 78 5.5 21.3 0.6 <0.1 8.4 <0.5 51.0 17.4 1.7

6. 23-04-2013 43 88 5.5 21.6 0.7 <0.1 8.5 <0.5 50.8 16.8 1.7

7. 06-05-2013 45 82 5.5 20.5 0.7 <0.1 8.8 <0.5 51.4 17.0 1.6

8. 18-05-2013 44 87 5.6 20.6 0.8 <0.1 8.9 <0.5 50.9 17.2 1.8

9. 25-05-2013 42 84 5.4 20.4 0.6 <0.1 8.6 <0.5 51.2 17.0 1.8

MIN.

MAX.

40

46

78

91

5.4

5.8

20.4

21.6

0.6

0.8

<0.1

<0.1

8.0

8.9

<0.5

<0.5

50.2

52.0

16.8

17.5

1.5

1.8

PERMISSIBLE LIMITS 60 100 80 80 4 1 20 6 100 400 __

SUNDARPUR

S.NO DATE OF

MONITORING

PM2.5

ug/m3

PM10

ug/m3

SO2

ug/m3

NOX

ug/m3

CO

mg/m3

LEAD

ug/m3

NICKEL

ng/m3

ARSENIC

ug/m3

O3

ug/m3

NH3

ug/m3

VOC

µg/m3

1. 04-03-2013 42 84 5.2 21.1 0.6 <0.1 8.2 <0.5 46 14.0 1.0

2. 16-03-2013 45 82 5.3 21.4 0.8 <0.1 8.0 <0.5 48 14.3 1.2

3. 28-03-2013 48 87 5.0 21.6 0.6 <0.1 8.1 <0.5 46 14.3 1.0

4. 02-04-2013 42 83 5.0 22.6 0.8 <0.1 8.0 <0.5 44 14.0 1.2

5. 13-04-2013 43 86 5.0 22.0 0.5 <0.1 8.3 <0.5 47 14.0 1.0

6. 23-04-2013 48 90 5.2 22.3 0.7 <0.1 8.4 <0.5 50 14.1 1.1

7. 06-05-2013 44 86 5.3 22.2 0.6 <0.1 8.2 <0.5 49 14.4 1.2

8. 18-05-2013 48 87 5.1 22.8 0.7 <0.1 8.3 <0.5 44 14.1 1.3

9. 25-05-2013 47 84 5.1 22.1 0.8 <0.1 8.1 <0.5 45 14.2 1.0

MIN.

MAX.

42

48

82

90

5.0

5.3

22.0

22.8

0.5

0.8

<0.1

<0.1

8.0

8.4

<0.5

<0.5

44

50

14.0

14.4

1.0

1.3


70



BHARAILI

S.NO DATE OF

MONITORING

PM2.5

ug/m3

PM10

ug/m3

SO2

ug/m3

NOX

ug/m3

CO

mg/m3

LEAD

ug/m3

NICKEL

ng/m3

ARSENIC

ug/m3

O3

ug/m3

NH3

ug/m3

VOC

µg/m3

1. 04-03-2013 42 68 4.5 18.0 0.4 <0.1 6.3 <0.5 42.1 10.2 0.9

2. 16-03-2013 40 70 4.4 18.1 0.5 <0.1 6.0 <0.5 42.3 10.0 0.8

3. 28-03-2013 44 68 4.5 18.2 0.4 <0.1 6.3 <0.5 42.0 10.0 0.8

4. 02-04-2013 42 68 4.2 18.0 0.6 <0.1 6.0 <0.5 42.1 10.3 1.0

5. 13-04-2013 46 72 4.2 18.4 0.4 <0.1 6.1 <0.5 42.3 10.4 1.0

6. 23-04-2013 43 78 4.3 18.3 0.4 <0.1 6.3 <0.5 42.4 10.0 0.8

7. 06-05-2013 44 88 5.1 21.4 0.6 <0.1 8.4 <0.5 42.8 10.2 1.1

8. 18-05-2013 43 74 4.4 18.6 0.5 <0.1 6.3 <0.5 42.7 10.2 0.9

9. 25-05-2013 40 72 4.5 18.3 0.6 <0.1 6.2 <0.5 42.0 10.3 0.9

MIN.

MAX.

40

46

68

78

4.2

5.1

18.0

21.4

0.4

0.6

<0.1

<0.1

6.0

8.4

<0.5

<0.5

42.0

42.8

10.0

10.4

0.8

1.1


KHERI GUJRAN

S.NO DATE OF

MONITORING

PM2.5

ug/m3

PM10

ug/m3

SO2

ug/m3

NOX

ug/m3

CO

mg/m3

LEAD

ug/m3

NICKEL

ng/m3

ARSENIC

ug/m3

O3

ug/m3

NH3

ug/m3

VOC

µg/m3

1. 02-03-2013 38 66 4.6 17.4 0.5 <0.1 5.8 <0.5 41.0 9.8 0.6

2. 15-03-2013 36 70 4.5 17.2 0.5 <0.1 5.9 <0.5 41.2 9.6 0.4

3. 22-03-2013 40 64 4.6 17.4 0.5 <0.1 5.6 <0.5 41.2 9.4 0.5

4. 04-04-2013 40 66 4.3 17.0 0.6 <0.1 5.9 <0.5 41.0 9.2 0.6

5. 13-04-2013 36 64 4.2 17.0 0.4 <0.1 5.2 <0.5 41.3 9.3 0.4

6. 27-04-2013 36 70 4.1 17.1 0.5 <0.1 5.4 <0.5 41.0 9.5 0.3

7. 07-05-2013 40 66 4.2 17.0 0.5 <0.1 5.7 <0.5 41.3 9.7 0.6

8. 16-05-2013 42 68 4.4 17.1 0.6 <0.1 5.2 <0.5 41.2 9.8 0.6

9. 24-05-2013 38 65 4.0 17.4 0.4 <0.1 5.8 <0.5 41.2 9.0 0.6

MIN.

MAX.

36

42

64

70

4.0

4.6

17.0

17.4

0.4

0.6

<0.1

<0.1

5.2

5.9

<0.5

<0.5

41.0

41.3

9.0

9.8

0.3

0.6


71



MAHIWALA

S.NO DATE OF

MONITORING

PM2.5

ug/m3

PM10

ug/m3

SO2

ug/m3

NOX

ug/m3

CO

mg/m3

LEAD

ug/m3

NICKEL

ng/m3

ARSENIC

ug/m3

O3

ug/m3

NH3

ug/m3

VOC

µg/m3

1. 02-03-2013 40 78 4.5 16.8 0.5 <0.1 5.4 <0.5 42.0 9.2 0.6

2. 15-03-2013 38 74 4.4 16.9 0.5 <0.1 5.2 <0.5 42.5 9.0 0.8

3. 22-03-2013 42 70 4.5 17.0 0.4 <0.1 5.3 <0.5 42.3 9.1 0.7

4. 04-04-2013 38 68 4.4 17.4 0.5 <0.1 5.2 <0.5 42.3 9.1 0.5

5. 13-04-2013 42 72 4.5 17.3 0.5 <0.1 5.2 <0.5 42.5 9.1 0.5

6. 27-04-2013 40 72 4.0 17.4 0.5 <0.1 5.2 <0.5 42.2 9.3 0.7

7. 07-05-2013 40 78 4.0 17.0 0.4 <0.1 5.1 <0.5 42.5 9.0 0.8

8. 16-05-2013 36 72 4.2 17.2 0.4 <0.1 5.4 <0.5 42.0 9.0 0.7

9. 24-05-2013 42 66 4.1 17.3 0.5 <0.1 5.0 <0.5 42.3 9.2 0.5

MIN.

MAX.

36

42

66

78

4.0

4.5

16.8

17.4

0.4

0.6

<0.1

<0.1

5.0

5.4

<0.5

<0.5

42.0

42.5

9.0

9.3

0.5

0.8


BAHADURGARH

S.NO DATE OF

MONITORING

PM2.5

ug/m3

PM10

ug/m3

SO2

ug/m3

NOX

ug/m3

CO

mg/m3

LEAD

ug/m3

NICKEL

ng/m3

ARSENIC

ug/m3

O3

ug/m3

NH3

ug/m3

VOC

µg/m3

1. 02-03-2013 40 66 4.0 17.1 0.5 <0.1 5.0 <0.5 41.3 8.3 0.5

2. 15-03-2013 40 72 4.1 17.6 0.6 <0.1 5.3 <0.5 41.0 8.2 0.6

3. 22-03-2013 38 68 4.0 17.3 0.5 <0.1 5.0 <0.5 41.3 8.0 0.5

4. 04-04-2013 38 74 4.1 17.4 0.6 <0.1 5.1 <0.5 41.0 8.3 0.6

5. 13-04-2013 36 76 4.3 17.3 0.5 <0.1 5.0 <0.5 41.3 8.3 0.6

6. 27-04-2013 40 74 4.0 17.0 0.4 <0.1 5.0 <0.5 41.2 8.1 0.4

7. 07-05-2013 38 66 4.3 17.5 0.4 <0.1 5.0 <0.5 41.8 8.1 0.5

8. 16-05-2013 36 68 4.0 17.3 0.5 <0.1 5.2 <0.5 41.5 8.1 0.6

9. 24-05-2013 42 70 4.2 17.2 0.5 <0.1 5.0 <0.5 41.2 8.6 0.6

MIN.

MAX.

36

42

66

76

4.0

4.3

17.0

17.6

0.4

0.6

<0.1

<0.1

5.0

5.3

<0.5

<0.5

41.0

41.8

8.0

8.6

0.4

0.6


72



TABLE-5.4

FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF PM10, PM2.5, SO2 AND NOx IN

STUDY AREA

PM10

Range (µg/m3) Frequency Cumulative

Frequency

% Cumulative

Frequency

64.0-66.7 9 9 16.7

66.7-69.4 7 16 29.6

69.4-72.1 11 27 50

72.1-74.8 4 31 57.4

74.8-77.5 1 32 59.3

77.5-80.2 4 36 66.7

80.2-82.9 3 39 72.2

82.9-85.6 4 43 79.6

85.6-88.3 8 51 94.4

88.3-91.0 3 54 100

54

P98 = 88.9

PM2.5


Frequency

% Cumulative

Frequency

36.0-37.2 6 6 11.1

37.2-38.4 7 13 24.1

38.4-39.6 0 13 24.1

39.6-40.8 13 26 48.2

40.8-42.0 11 37 68.5

42.0-43.2 4 41 75.9

43.2-44.4 4 45 83.3

44.4-45.6 2 47 87.0

45.6-46.8 3 50 92.6

46.8-48.0 4 54 100

54

P98 = 47.9

73



SO2


Frequency

% Cumulative

Frequency

4.0 – 4.18 11 11 20.4

4.18 – 4.36 10 21 38.9

4.36 – 4.54 12 33 61.1

4.54 – 4.72 2 35 64.8

4.72 – 4.9 0 35 64.8

4.9 – 5.08 3 38 70.4

5.08 – 5.26 5 43 79.6

5.26 – 5.44 4 47 87.0

5.44 – 5.62 4 51 94.4

5.62 – 5.8 3 54 100

54

P98 = 5.7

NOx


Frequency

% Cumulative

Frequency

16.8 – 17.4 25 25 46.3

17.4 – 18.0 4 29 53.7

18.0 – 18.6 6 35 64.8

18.6 – 19.2 0 35 64.8

19.2 – 19.8 0 35 64.8

19.8 – 20.4 2 37 68.5

20.4 – 21.0 4 41 75.9

21.0 – 21.6 7 48 88.9

21.6 – 22.2 3 51 94.4

22.2 – 22.8 3 54 100

54

P98 = 22.6

74



5.2 Water Quality

Water quality of ground as well as surface resources in the study area has

been studied for assessing the water environment and to evaluate the

anticipated impact of the project. The location of the surface water and

ground water stations are given in Figure 5.2. The results of surface water

are given in Table-5.5 and of ground Water quality are given in Table-5.7

TABLE- 5.5

WATER MONITORING STATIONS

S.N

o.

Sample

Code

Name of

Village/Location

Distance from

site (KM)

1.

GW-1

Project Site

0

2. GW-2 Derabassi 6 (N)

3. GW-3 Mahiwala 3.2 (W)

4. GW-4 Mianpur 8.25 (SW)

5. GW-5 Bera 2.5 (S)

6. GW-6 Nagal 3.25 (NE)

75



Figure 5.2

Surface water /Ground water Monitoring Stations

76



TABLE-5.6

RESULT OF SURFACE WATER SAMPLES

Parameter Ghaggar River (SW-1)

pH 7.2

TSS 122 mg/l

TDS 390 mg/l

BOD 12 mg/l

Chloride 30 mg/l

Sulphate 42 mg/l

Iron ND

Lead ND

Total Chromium ND

77



TABLE-5.7

RESULTS OF GROUND WATER SAMPLES (mg/l except pH)

GW-1

Project Site

GW-2

Dera Bassi

GW-3

Mahiwala

Colour, Hazen, units,. <5 <5 <5

Odour Unobjectionabl

e

Unobjectionable Unobjectionable

Taste Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable

Turbidity, NTU <5 <5 <5

pH 6.5 7.1 7.0

Total Hardness (as CaCO3)

mg/I.

212 218 209

Iron (as Fe), mg/I, 0.1 0.12 0.08

Chloride (as CI), mg/I, 35 34 32

Magnesium as mg/I, 8 12 14

Sulphate (as SO4), mg/I, 94 83 91

Calcium , mg/I, 17 31 22

Fluoride (as F), mg/I, < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1

Sodium (as Na) mg/I 18 26 20

Cadmium(as Cd), mg/I <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

TDS , mg/I 385 358 362

Arsenic (as As), mg/I ND ND ND

Cyanide (as CN), mg/I ND ND ND

Lead (as Pb), mg/I 0.001 0.001 0.001

Chromium (as Cr), mg/I 0.01 0.01 0.01

Ecoli/Total Coliforms Absent Absent Absent

78



TABLE-5.7

RESULTS OF GROUND WATER SAMPLES (mg/l except pH)

GW-4

Mianpur

GW-5

Bera

GW-6

Nagal

Colour, Hazen, units. <5 <5 <5

Odour Unobjectionable Unobjectionable Unobjectionable

Taste Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable

Turbidity, NTU <5 <5 <5

pH 6.5 7.2 7.3

Total Hardness (as

CaCO3) mg/I.

210 216 232

Iron (as Fe), mg/I, 0.13 0.08 0.15

Chloride (as CI), mg/I, 35 37 41

Magnesium as mg/I, 13 10 11

Sulphate (as SO4), mg/I, 12 88 95

Calcium , mg/I, 22 23 31

Fluoride (as F), mg/I, < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1

Sodium (as Na) mg/I 20 28 24

Cadmium(as Cd), mg/I <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

TDS , mg/I 369 389 375

Arsenic (as As), mg/I ND ND ND

Cyanide (as CN), mg/I ND ND ND

Lead (as Pb), mg/I 0.001 0.001 0.001

Chromium (as Cr), mg/I 0.01 0.01 0.01

Ecoli/Total Coliforms Absent Absent Absent

79



5.3 Ambient Noise Quality

Noise is defined as unwanted sound due to any operation. It has become a

common problem and ambient noise levels are on the rise all around. Noise

levels were measured at various locations and are reported in Table-5.8.

The Location of monitoring stations for noise is shown in Figure 5.3.

80



FIGURE – 5.3

Location of Monitoring Stations

(Noise)

81



Table-5.8

NOISE LEVELS

S. No. Stations Noise Level, dB (A)

Day Time

(9.00 a.m. – 12.00 Noon)

Night Time

(9.00 p.m. – 12.00 Mid-

night)

1 Project site (AN1) 47 44

2 Dera Bassi (AN2) 51 49

3 Pandwal (AN3) 43 40

4 Mianpur (AN4) 46 42

5 Sundarpur (AN5) 41 38

6 Nagal (AN6) 42 40

7 Kheri Gujran (AN7) 44 41

8 Bhagwanpur (AN8) 41 37

Permissible Limits: Day Time: 75, Night time: 70

5.4 Soil

Soil is generally sandy loam almost all over the District and soil depth is

generally shallow except in areas having good vegetative cover. It is

generally dry, shallow and deficient in organic matters. The study area

comprises mostly of alluvial deposits of Quaternary age. The geological

formations in the area comprise of sandstone largely micaceous and form

major features. The top zone of this stage consists of maroon clays and buff

clays alternating one by one.

82



Figure 5.4

Soil Monitoring Stations

83



TABLE-5.9

RESULT OF SOIL SAMPLES TEST

Characteristic Project Site

(SS1)

Behra

(SS2)

Sundarpur

(SS3)

pH (1:2) 6.5 6.8 7.1

Electrical Conductivity of

Saturation Extract (1:2)

mmhos/cm

0.75 0.68 0.85

Soil Moisture Content (%) 30.5 27.6 31.26

Soil Texture Sandy loam Sandy loam Sandy loam

Bulk Density (gm/cc) 1.12 1.21 1.30

Organic Matter (%) 0.8 0.71 0.72

84



CHAPTER-6.0

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

6.1 General

The Punjab Acids-Chem. (P) Limited located at Village Behra, Tehsil Dera

Bassi, Dist. S.A.S. Nagar Mohali, and Punjab is about 6 Kms from Dera

Bassi Bus Stand and about 26 Kms from Chandigarh Bus Stand (U.T). It is

about 6 km from Chandigarh – Ambala Highway. The unit has 10 acres

existing land. No additional land is required for expansion. Location details

are given in Table 1.1. The total cost of the project is 4426 lacs.

6.2 Raw Materials

S.No. Raw

Materials

Source Mode of storage Mode of

Transport

1 Sulphur Oil Rifineries,

Panipat,Bhatinda

Designated storage

at plant premises

By Truck

2 Sulphuric Acid Captive Designated storage

at plant premises

Pipeline

3 Sulphur

Trioxide

Captive Designated storage

at plant premises

Pipeline

4 Liquid SO3 Captive Designated storage

at plant premises

Pipeline

5 Methanol NFL, GSFC Designated storage

at plant premises

By Tanker

6 Urea NFL, Market Designated storage

at plant premises

By Truck

7 Caustic Soda GSFC, SIEL,

Market

Designated storage

at plant premises

By Truck

6.3 Finished products & Installed Capacity

The units will manufactures following Product:

i. Sulphuric Acid

ii. Alum

iii. Oleum

85



iv. Sulphur Trioxide (SO3)

v. Di-Methyl Sulphate

vi. Sulphamic Acid

vii. Sodium Bi-sulphite

6.4 Installed Capacity:

The total installed capacity of the plant for the product will be as per details

given below:-

NAME OF PRODUCT EXISTING PROPOSED TOTAL

(TPD) (TPD) (TPD)

Sulphuric Acid = 75 125 200

Alum = 200 NIL 200

Oleum = NIL 70 70

Di-Methyl Sulphate = NIL 30 30

Sodium Bi-Sulphite = NIL 30 30

Sulphamic Acid = NIL 30 30

Liquid SO3 = NIL 30 30

The unit will operate for an effective period of 300 days in a year on three

shift basis of 8 hrs each.

6.5 Facilities at the Plant

The firm has already acquired 10 acres of land where part factory building

has been constructed and remaining building, and some other ancillary

structures are proposed to be constructed for expansion. It provides

adequate space for the following areas of working:-

1. Storage for raw material and finished goods.

2. Plant and Machinery

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3. Store

4. Offices

5. Toilets

6. Water storage tanks

Open space will be landscaped and trees will be planted in due

course of time.

6.6 Machinery

Following machinery will be finally in position within the unit:

S.NO. EQUIPMENT NAME

1 Reaction Vessels

2 Condensers

3 Decanters

4 Cooling Tower

5 Storage Tanks

6 Steam Boiler (6 TPH)

6.7 Power

The requirement of Power for the unit is 699 KW which will be supplied

by PSPCL.

6.8 Water Supply

The water requirement of the unit will be met from ground water through existing

tube-well. The daily requirement of water for existing unit is 60 & after expansion

total water requirement will be about 245m3. About 85 KLD water will be required

87



in process & make up water required for cooling purpose will be 30KLD. Water

required for boiler will be 120KLD and for domestic purpose 10KLD. The

capacity of storage tank for cooling purpose is about 500.0m3. Another tank of

about 50 m3 has also been provided for firefighting which shall be kept always

full. Flow chart of water use is given in fig. 6.1

6.9 Manpower

The requirement of personnel for the proposed plant has been made

keeping in view of the following:

Technical concept of plant, including process control and

instrumentation.

Smooth and efficient operation of the plant.

Effective co-ordination between the various departments within

the plant.

Optimum organization will well defined and judicious job

distribution

Optimum utilization of different grades of workmen and

supervisory staff and

Maximum capacity of the facilities.

Unit will work on three shift basis and manpower needed will be about 100-125 persons.

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Figure: 6.1

WATER BALANCE FLOW DIAGRAM

(KLD)

WATER TANK

245

245

BOILER

120

120

COOLING

1500

1500

PROCESS

85

85

DOMESTIC

10

10

EVAPORATION

30

30

CONSUMTION

2

2

STP

8+2

8+2

RE-USE

1470

470

USE IN PROCESS

85

85

IRRIGATION

STEAM

GENERATION

GENERATION

BLOW DOWN

2

2

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6.10 Manufacturing Process

1) Sulphuric Acid Manufacturing Process:

The manufacturing process for Sulphuric Acid as practiced in the plant at

the present time is described as under:

(a) Sulphur: Solid sulphur of 99% purity from sulphur storage yard is

charged by wheel-barrows to the sulphur melter-cum-settler. The molten

sulphur from the melter compartment flows to the sulphur settler

compartment. The melter has capacity equivalent to more than two days

consumption at the rated sulphur utilization. The melter chamber is

divided into three compartments for removal of any ash particles

(suspended solids) by settling. With an initial ash content of 0.2% in the

dirty molten sulphur, the ash content in the sulphur in the last compartment

of sulphur settler will not exceed 0.02% (200ppm).

From the last pumping compartment molten sulphur at about 1350C. is

pumped by means of one of the submerged centrifugal sulphur pumps to

the sulphur burner. The molten sulphur is pumped to the burner through a

steam jacketed and insulated pipe line and is controlled by a flow

regulating valve. The sulphur burner is of a horizontal type lined with

refractory and insulating material. The combustion of molten sulphur is

fully completed in the burner.

(b) Air and Gas System: The combustion air for burning of the

sulphur and for conversion of SO2 to SO3 is provided by the air blower via

the drying chamber. The air blower after the filtration of air on its suction

side forces clean air through a drying tower where 98.4% sulphuric acid is

circulated. The filtered and dried air goes to the sulphur burner.

90



The gases leaving the sulphur burner have around 11% SO2 at a

temperature of around 980 deg. C. These gases pass through waste heat

boiler No. 1 where saturated steam is produced at a pressure of about

32kg/cm2. The waste heat boiler no. 1 and super heater are designed

according to the process requirement and the temperature control of the

outlet gases is achieved through by-passing of a part of the hot gases

leaving the burner through a refractory lined duct line fitted with heat

resisting valve. It is thus possible to control the temperature of the gases

entering the first bed of the converter at the desired level.

Before entering the converter the gases pass through a special type of pad

bed type HGF filter which removes minor quantities of dust which might

reach this point. The filter is loaded with crushed and cleaned filter media

and is completely insulated. The gases leaving the HGF filter enter the first

bed of the converter at around 430 deg. C and come out at around 600 deg.

C. Vanadium pent oxide (V205) catalyst is used for the conversion of SO2

to SO3. These gases are cooled in a waste heat boiler No. 2 where steam is

raised at around 32 kg/cm2 and superheated to 370 deg. C. For proper

control of temperature, gas entering the second bed of the converter at

around 525 deg. C. is cooled to around 440 deg. C before entering the third

pass by passing the gas on the tube side of the hot heat exchanger which in

turn heats the gases coming from the cold heat exchanger. A by-pass valve

is provided on the tube side of the hot heat exchanger for proper control of

the gases entering the third bed of the converter. The gases come out of the

third bed of the converter at around 4650 C. are cooled on the tube side of

the cold heat exchanger to a temperature of around 2500 C which after

further cooling enter the interpass absorption tower where SO3 is absorbed

by means of sulphuric acid (98.4%) and the remaining gases coming out of

91



the interpass absorption tower at about 700 C are first heated on the shell

side of cold heat exchanger where the temperature is raised to around 3300

C. the gases then pass through the shell side of the hot heat exchanger

where the temperature is raised to around 425 deg. C. before entering the

fourth bed of the converter. For proper control of temperature of the gases

entering the fourth bed of the converter, a by-pass on the tube side of the

cold heat exchanger is provided.

The fourth bed of catalyst is the largest of all the beds. The relative higher

contact time (lower space velocity) with negligible initial SO3

concentration causes a very high deg. of SO2 conversion to SO3. The

overall conversion of SO2 to SO3 obtain in the converter is more than

99.7%. The gasses pass through an economizer where they are cooled to

around 200 deg. C. These gases after further cooling enter the final

absorption tower then SO3 in the gases gets absorbed in the tower. The

remain gases containing mostly N2 (93%) and O2 (7%) is passes through

demister and are vented through the stack. The condition is of operation

are controlled in such a manner that this remaining gases escaping through

the chimney are kept as per MINAS standard.

A caustic alkali scrubber has been installed before the vent to chimney, for

absorbing any excessive quantity of unconverted SO2 gas that may

otherwise be released during the start-up for shutdown of such units as

well as during any plant disturbances.

(c) Acid System: 98.4% sulphuric acid is circulated in the air drying

tower, interpass absorption tower and final absorption tower. This ensures

optimum drying in case of drying tower and maximum absorption

efficiency of SO3 in the absorption towers. All the towers have common

92



acid pump tank. The air drying tower is used for drying of air coming from

the main air blower so that the moisture content in the dried air is removed

as per the process requirements. Interpass absorption tower removes SO2

coming from the third bed of the converter so that the gases entering the

fourth and final bed is free of SO3. This enhances the conversion of SO2 to

SO3 in such a way that the exhaust gases coming from the final absorption

tower are free of SO2.

The circulating acid is collected in a common acid pump tank. The acid

strength in the pump tank is controlled automatically by feeding the

required quantity of water through automatic control valve. The acid pump

tank is fitted with a vertical submerged acid circulation pump which feeds

acid to the towers via respective acid coolers. These acid coolers cool the

acid before feeding the towers. The acid is cooled by using sprays over

trombone type coolers, fed with circulation cooling water. The tapping for

the product acid is taken from the outlet of the acid coolers.

93



Fig.6.2

MANUFACTURING PROCESS

94



2) Oleum:

Oleum is a dense colorless liquid which is formed by absorbing sulphur

trioxide gas in sulphuric acid. Oleum reacts like a mixture of sulphur

trioxide and Sulphuric acid but contains Pyro-sulphuric Acid (H2S2O7), the

composition of which corresponds to 45% sulphur trioxide. The sulphur

Trioxide gas is to be taken after the 3rd pass of converter of existing

Sulphuric acid plant to the Oleum absorption Tower from the bottom &

concentrated 98.4% Sulphuric Acid is to be fed from the top of the Oleum

absorption tower. The feed of sulphuric acid in the Oleum absorption

tower is to be maintained through Rota Meter, Oleum strength Monitor &

continue circulation of Oleum in the absorption tower. During the proper

Mixing/absorption of SO3 gas with H2SO4, the temperature will also

increased with exothermic reaction, to cool down the Oleum and maintain

the proper required temperature, the Oleum is to be cooled through Plate /

Shell type Oleum cooler.

3) Sulphur Trioxide (Liquid):

The Oleum Liquid is to be fed to SO3 Generator through Oleum Heater.

The evaporation with the help of steam is to be achieved to get the pure

gaseous vapours, which will be condensed in the SO3 condenser. The cold

water will be fed to SO3 condenser to get the proper production of liquid

sulphur trioxide & which will be stored in the jacketed Storage Tanks. The

liquid sulphur trioxide (24%) SO3 will be supplied to DMS plant from

these tanks only.

95



Fig.6.2


96



4) Di-Methyl-Sulphate

1. Methanol is vaporized & the pre-heated Vapors are fed continuously in a

Catalyst Bed Reactor (Temp 240 to 250oc) to convert the methanol into Di-

Methyl-Ether (DME).

2. Di-Methyl-Ether thus formed is Sulphonated with Liquid SO3 to get crude

Di-Methyl-Sulphate (DMS) which is further purified by Vacuum

distillation to get pure DMS.

REACTION:

CAT

1. 2CH3OH > CH3OCH3+H2O

2. CH3OCH3+SO3 > (CH3)2 SO4 {DMS}

3. Methanol is pumped from main storage tank continuously into methanol

vaporizer, vapors of methanol is passed thru two nos. heat exchangers to

superheat the methanol vapors which then fed continuously into catalytic

reactor containing alumina catalyst temp. of 250-260o C. is maintained in

the reactor for conversion of methanol to Di-Methyl-Ether, unconverted

methanol is 15-20%. This DME+UN converted methanol +water of

reaction is taken into stripping col. To get pure DME vapors, methanol +

water mix. Is fed to methanol recovery col. To get pure methanol which is

reused?

4. DME from DME STRIPPING COL. Is fed into a sulphonater where it

reacts with liq. SO3 to get crude DMS.

5. Crude DMS from storage tank is fed into DMS distillation unit

continuously to get pure DMS which is stored in storage tanks as finished

product.

97



6. Bottom residue of distillation kettle containing some DMS and spent acid is

taken into another DMS recovery unit to recover left over DMS, spent acid

& small quantity of water is to be used alum plant and for cooling in

sulphuric acid plant.

Fig.6.2


98



5) Sulphamic Acid (SMA)

Chemical Reaction:

NH2CO2 + H2SO4 = 2NH3SO3H + CO2

(Urea + Sulphuric Acid) = (SMA)

98%

Urea is reacted with mixture of 98% Sulphuric Acid & 65% Oleum at

elevated temp. SMA thus formed is separated by diluting the reaction mass

& then filtering the slurry of SMA Thus formed wet cake of SMA is dried

and packed.

CO2 formed during reactions is vented out after scrubbing. Spent dilute

Sulphuric Acid is used in the manufacture of Alum etc.

99



Fig.6.2


6) Sodium Bi-Sulphite:-

Sulphur dioxide gas is purged in a Reactor containing Caustic solution

under agitating and circulation. Reaction takes place and crystallization

started after saturation of Mother Liquor. Then entire material is

centrifuged to separate solid wet cake of Sodium bi-sulphite which is

dried in Flash Dryer get dry Sodium bi-sulphite pure product. The Mother

liquor collected and recycled to prepare next batch.

100



Chemical Reaction:-

NaOH + SO2 NaHSO3

Fig.6.2


101



OTHER FEATURES:

The plant would incorporate the most modern control system

using the latest Pollution Control System

Cooling water circuit is close circuited, whereby ensuring no

generation of waste water

The process, selected envisages re-cycling all the material

collected in the pollution control equipment whereby

ensuring no generation of solid waste.

The plant lay out is so arranged that the major production

units are laid in a straight line whereby minimizing / avoiding

the various transfer points.

Capacity of the units is planned so as to minimize the number

of equipment.

6.11 Waste Handling

6.11.1 Liquid waste

There will be no generation of waste from manufacturing process. The domestic

effluent shall be treated through STP. The domestic treated water will be used

for plantation.

6.11.2 Solid waste

Solid wastes in the unit are from the following sources.

i) Solids from APCD.

ii) Ash from the Boiler furnace

102



Solids from APCD will be disposed off at designated TSDF Site. Ash from

boiler will be used for land fill site.

6.11.3 Hazardous waste

The Hazardous wastes generated from the unit are Sulphur Sludge, Catalyst dust

and used DG Set oils. The Sulphur sludge & Catalyst Dust will be sent to TSDF

site Nimbuan Dera Bassi for final disposal & used oil from D.G. Set shall be

sold to recyclers. There are no other hazardous wastes.

6.12 Pollution Control Measures

The main sources of likely pollution from the unit & measures

adopted for their control are discussed as under:

6.12.1 Air Pollution

There are 3 No. stacks already exist in the industry and one no.

more stack will be installed on boiler. The existing stacks are

attached with alum plant, and with DG sets. The fuel used for boiler

will be biomass. Diesel is used for DG set. The main pollutants are

particulate matter and gaseous emissions. Process flow chart is given

in Figure 6.3

6.12.2 Water Pollution

It is existing unit. Water is already used in the manufacturing process

as well as domestic purpose. After expansion the consumption of

water will be increased. Waste water from the toilets will be treated

through septic tank. The domestic effluent shall mainly be used for

plantation.

103



Fig: 6.3

PROCESS FLOW CHART OF AIR POLLUTION CONTROL SYSTEM

Boiler

Duct

Multi-cyclone

ID Fan

Stack

104



6.12.3 Noise Pollution

There is some noise producing machineries such, as ID Fan, Blowers

etc. All these machines are spread at different places within the

covered sheds. Thus no noise of significant level shall go outside the

working area which may disturb the general noise environment. DG

set installed shall be noise free & with canopy.

105



CHAPTER-7.0

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

7.1 Present Environment:

Various Environment factors as existing in the project area which

possibly could be affected by the activities have been assessed &

identified as below:

i) Ambient Air

ii) Water Quality

iii) Noise

iv) Land use pattern

v) Soil and Agricultural

vi) Demography and socio-economic pattern.

7.2 Probable Impact on Environment:

The above factors will be checked after the implementation of the

project to cross check the probable impact discussed hereunder and

remedial measures taken wherever necessary. Broadly the impacts

may be classified in two categories as under:-

i) Short term - during construction/development stage

ii) Long term - during operational stage.

Both these categories have been considered while predicting and

evaluating the impacts as given herein after:-

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7.3 Development Stage: - (Short Term)

This is a construction phase of the project and the impacts are

temporary due to construction related activities which are as under:-

i) Air Environment:

There is no point source of Air Pollution. The only source will be

the dust generation due to excavation, construction and plying of

vehicles within unit. Some emission may be expected from vehicles

plying in the area for transportation of material etc. Kerosene oil

shall be provided to the labour so that they do not burn wood for

cooking etc.

ii) Water Environment :

Requirement of water during construction activity will be about 1.0

m3/day and there will be no waste discharge as the same will be used

completely. However, during monsoon some malba etc may get

washed due to run off from the site. There is a natural ‘nallah’ near

the land which takes the entire run off from the area.

Labour during construction is not very large. Hardly about 10

persons may be working daily on an average who may be using

water for drinking and bathing etc. Toilet facilities with septic tank

will be provided to labour @ 1 toilet for 20 persons who will be used

by the labour.

In view of this there is no likelihood of any significant impact on the

general environment of water in the area.

107



iii) Noise Environment:

Some noise may be expected from the working of the machinery for

replacement and repair purposes and movement of vehicles. Steps

will be taken to reduce its effect by resorting to staggering of various

operations. Even otherwise since there will not be any large scale

machinery; the activity is not likely to have any significant effect on

the overall noise environment.

iv) Land Environment:

It is an approved FEZ area; the land at site is leveled as such no

leveling is required. Natural drainage will not be disturbed. Solid

waste from construction activities will be used within the premises

under roads & refilling. There will not be any significant impact on

land in general.

v) Socio Economic:

The project does not involve any displacement of population or

rehabilitation of any kind. Rather it will provide employment to local

people in the shape of additional man power required for the units, &

will and boost the economy of the area. It will have some positive

impact, although not to a large extent.

7.4 Operational Stage: - (Long Term)

After completion, when the unit starts production, the operational

impacts on the various parameters are considered as under:-

108



i) Air Environment:

There is the source of likely pollution which is PM emission from

the Boiler furnaces & mist from Sulphuric Acid plant/Alum Plant.

All the processes are closed circuits as such emissions to the open

atmosphere will be minimum. However, APCD, Multi –Cyclone will

be provided on boiler. Alkali Scrubber has already been installed on

Sulphuric Acid/Alum plant to neutralize Acid mist.

ii) Water Environment:

The existing domestic waste water discharge is 8.0m3/day. After

expansion waste water discharge will be 10.0m3/day and same will

be treated through STP. There is no other discharge of water from

industrial process. Treated domestic water will be discharged on

land for irrigation. Treated effluent will not be thrown in any water

body. Thus water environment is not likely to be affected. Further,

ground water will be balanced through recharge by rain water

harvesting from the roof top to the extent about 12960m3/annum

through recharge wells. Thus pressure on underground water will be

reduced.

iii) Land Environment:

It is an existing unit already in production. No additional land will

required for expansion. The unit is located in Free Enterprises Zone.

Thus there will not be any significant adverse effect on the existing

general land environment with the coming up of the project.

109



iv) Noise Environment:

There will be no noise producing machinery or equipment except ID

fans & Blower etc. which will be placed at different places within

the closed sheds causing least disturbance in the area. There is no

likelihood of any significant change in noise environment.

v) Socio Economic Pattern

The project will provide employment to local people in the field of

running plants and maintenance of machinery, APCD & security etc.

Thus it will have positive effect on the employment potential in the

area.

110



CHAPTER-8.0

ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN

8.1 General

Environment Management Plan (E.M.P) in a project is prepared to mitigate

the possible adverse effect of various activities on the existing

environmental factors, during construction as well as in operational stages,

to avoid their deterioration, if any. It is desirable that necessary steps are

taken right from the beginning of the project to be more effective. As a

social and moral obligation on the part of everybody it becomes our

bounden duty to leave our environment to the next generation in a state at

least what we inherited from our ancestors, if not in a better condition.

E.M.P. for this project has been prepared keeping in view the existing

conditions and likely changes which may occur due to the proposed project.

The implementation and monitoring of different control measures have also

been covered. These are discussed as under:-

8.2 Air Environment

During construction stage water will be sprinkled on the soil to avoid

dust generation, if any.

The debris and unused construction malba shall be removed

immediately for recycling, if any, or for land fill.

Cyclone & Alkali Scrubber shall be provided to arrest PM from flue

gases to keep it within permissible limits.

All vehicles for service activities at the project site shall be checked

for vehicular emission.

The agencies will be asked to keep them within prescribed limits.

They will also be asked to maintain them properly.

111



Tree plantation shall be resorted to for further improving the air

environment in general and minimize noise levels, if any.

8.2.1 Flue Gas Emission/Fugitive Emission Control

The volatile matters getting released from the storage tanks, process piping,

reactors, fuel storage & combustion will be handled by various preventive

measures mentioned below:

1. Coal during combustion is completely burnt by providing sufficient air

for combustion and is released to atmosphere through high-rise stack.

Keeping in mind the CPCB guideline for controlling flue gas/fugitive

emission following arrangement will been done.

2. Each & Every process emission will be passed through scrubber and

finally released in to atmosphere through adequately designed stack height.

3. Preventive maintenance will be done so as to prevent any leakage and

spillage and thereby reducing the fugitive emission sources.

4. Storage tank will be provided with level gauge, dyke wall, automated

loading and unloading for the chemicals to avoid human contact.

5. All storage tanks will be designed and placed according to the Industrial

Safety & Health Department.

8.3 Water Environment:

Water shall be drawn from existing tube well.

During construction toilet facilities shall be provided to labour with

septic tank. Finally, waste water from the toilets shall be taken to septic

tank through underground delivery system and treated to tertiary level.

The treated water will be discharged on land for irrigation within the

premises. It will not be thrown outside either on land or in any water body.

Roof top rain water shall be harvested and used for ground water

recharge to minimize effect of withdrawal of water from the underground.

112



8.4 Land Environment:

To avoid erosion of the top soil the development is planned in the

shortest possible time and land-clearing activity shall be kept to the

absolute minimum by working at the specific sites one by one where

construction is to take place so as to increase detention and infiltration.

Natural waterways/drainage pattern shall be maintained by providing

culverts where needed.

The requirements of sand and aggregates for the construction works

will be met through venders. The land use is thus so planned that there is

minimum adverse impact.

8.5 Solid Waste:

The solid waste generated from the construction activities shall be

effectively recycled within the project.

The other solid wastes from the APCD shall be dumped in a

dumping pit of R.C.C. and disposed off in the designated land fill places.

8.6 Noise Environment

During Construction stage “NO HORN” signs will be displayed at

prominent places.

The drivers shall be directed not to blow horn unnecessarily.

Vehicle owners will be asked to maintain them in proper condition.

During operational stage noise creating machinery such as blower, ID

Fans etc will be housed different places within closed sheds so as not to

disturb the noise level in the area.

113



8.7 Green Belt:

The main objective of the green belt is to provide a barrier between the

source of pollution and the surrounding areas.

The green belt helps to capture the fugitive emission and to attenuate

the noise generated, apart from improving the aesthetics.

Development of green belt and other forms of greenery shall also

prevent soil erosion and washing away of topsoil besides helping in

stabilizing the functional ecosystem and further, to make the climate more

conducive and to restore water balance.

It is planned that the selected plants will be grown as per normal

horticultural (or forestry) practice and authorities responsible for plantation

will also make sure that adequate provision for watering and protection of

the saplings exists at site.

Species of trees shall be selected in consultation with the forest

Department officers. In all about 200 trees & shrubs are proposed to be

planted within the unit premises.

114



CHAPTER-9.0

ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PROGRAMME

9.1 Regular monitoring of all significant environmental parameters is essential

to check the compliance status vis-à-vis the environmental laws and

regulation. The objectives of the monitoring will be as follows:

To verify the results of the Impact Assessment Study with respect to the

proposed projects.

To study the trend of concentrated values of the parameters, which have

been identified as critical and then planning the mitigating measures.

To check and assess the efficacy of pollution control equipment.

To ensure that any additional parameters, other than those identified in

the impact, do not turn critical after the commissioning of proposed

project.

9.2 To implement the EMP, a structured Environment Management Cell

(EMC) interwoven with the existing management system will be created.

EMC will undertake regular monitoring of the environment and conduct

yearly audit of the environmental performance during the construction of

the project. It will also check that the stipulated measures are being

satisfactorily implemented and operated. It shall also co-ordinate with local

authorities to see that all environmental measures are well coordinated.

9.3 A comprehensive Environmental Monitoring Program that has been

prepared for the purpose of implementation in the proposed Industrial unit

by the EMC is described below:

115



The ambient Air quality shall be monitored at project site and to

upstream and downstream locations once every quarter for RSPM,

SPM, NOx & SO2, and CO levels during the construction phase and

operational phase. The ambient noise levels shall also be monitored

once every six months.

The vehicles shall be checked for PUC once every quarter during the

development period and records shall be maintained.

Groundwater quality of the Tube-wells in site area will be regularly

monitored preferably once in a quarter.

Air Pollution Control System shall be provided and weekly monitoring

of the parameters shall be undertaken. In addition monitoring shall be

got done from an independent agency as laid down by State Pollution

Control Board.

All the above observations will be compiled and documented by the EMC

to serve the following purposes.

Identification of any environmental problems that are occurring in the

area.

Initiating or providing solution to those problems through designated

channels and verification of the implementation status.

Controlling activities inside the project, until the environmental problem

has been corrected.

Suitably responding to emergency situations.

9.4 Environment Management Cell:

The Environment Management Cell shall include:

Representative of Management (Head of Environment Cell)

Process Incharge

116



Incharge Maintenance Department

A representative of Environmental Consultants

The cell shall be constituted immediately at the start of the project so that

appropriate actions to protect the Environment are taken from the very beginning.

All actions taken by the cell shall be documented.

117



CHAPTER-10.0

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

10.1 General

Occupational Health basically relates to protecting the Industrial Workers from the

ill effects of various parameters at the work place or in other words,” Occupational

Environment”. It is synonymous with `Preventive Medicine’ as both aim at

prevention of diseases & physical discomfort. This in the long run increases their

efficiency and ultimately results in better production. Thus, both the workers and

the industrialists are gainers.

10.2 Occupational Environment

Occupational Environment includes external conditions and influences which

prevail at the place of work and which have a bearing on the health of workers.

These are of three type’s i.e.

a) Man and physical, chemical & biological agents.

(b) Man and Machine

(c) Man & Man.

Details of these factors are as under:-

10.2.1 Man & Physical, Chemical & Biological Agents

i) Physical Agents: Physical factors which affect the health of the workers

adversely are heat & cold, humidity, air movement, light, noise and vibration.

These factors act in different ways on the health and efficiency of the workers,

singly or in different combinations.

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ii) Chemical Agents: These comprise chemicals, toxic dust and gases which are

potential hazardous to the health of the workers.

iii) Biological Agents: These consist of viral, bacterial and parasitic agents

who may result from close contact with animals or their products, contaminated

water, soil or food.

10.2.2 Man and Machine

Every industry or factory uses machines driven by power to improve production.

Unguarded machines, protruding & moving parts, lack of safety measures are the

major causes of the accidents in the industries.

10.2.3 Man and Man

These factors include human relationship among workers themselves on the one

hand and those in authority over them on the other. In case of discord in either of

them, the health of the workers & efficiency suffers and may result in sleep &

mental disorders.

10.3 Occupational Hazards

Keeping in view the above environmental factors, the workers may be exposed to

following types of hazards depending upon his occupation.

(a) Physical hazards

(b) Chemical hazards

(c) Mechanical hazards

(d) Biological hazards

These are discussed as under:-

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(a) Physical hazards

(i) Heat: Common physical hazard in most of the industries is heat. The direct

affects of heat exposure are burns, heat exhortations, heat strokes and heat cramps.

The indirect effects are decreased efficiency, increased fatigue etc. Radiant heat

from the ovens & furnaces is the main problem in some of the industries. Thus for

gainful work a reasonable temperature has to be maintained at each work place.

Normally, temperatures between 70° to 80° F are considered as the Comfort Zone

in this country and temperature above 80° F causes discomfort.

(ii) Light: In some of the industries, the workers are exposed to poor

illumination. This causes eye-strain, headache, eye pain and eye fatigue etc.

Similarly, excessive brightness or glare causes discomfort, annoyance & visual

fatigue. Intense direct glare may also result in blurring of vision and lead to

accidents.

(iii) Noise: Noise is a big health hazards in many industries. Its effects are of

two types:-

(a) Auditory effects – which result in temporary or permanent hear loss.

(b) Non-Auditory effects like nervousness, fatigue, inference with

communication by speech, decreased efficiency and annoyance.

(iv) Vibration: In some heavy industries where pneumatic tools such as drills

and hammers are used, vibration affects the hands & arms. With long exposure

fine blood vessels of the fingers may become increasingly sensitive. Joints of the

hands limbs & shoulders can be affected.

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(b) Chemical hazards: In almost all industries chemicals are used at one

place or the other. They affect the health of workers in three ways depending on

the duration and quantum of exposure as under:-

(i) Local Action

(ii) Inhalation

(ii) Ingestion

(c) Mechanical hazards: Mechanical hazards in the Industries centre round

machinery, protruding and moving parts. With proper planning these can be taken

care of.

(d) Biological hazards: These hazards occur in Units dealing with animals

and animal products like hair, wool, hides etc. These cause fungal infection and

some others also.

10.4 Mitigation Measures:

The main aim of occupational health is the promotion & maintenance of the

highest degree of physical, mental and social well being of workers in all

occupations. Thus, different measures are required to control ill-effects of

the various activities in the industries. Following measures therefore, are

required to be taken in this respect.

10.4.1 Environmental Sanitation:

(i) Water supply: A sufficient supply of whole-some drinking water is

one of the basic requirements in all Industrial Units. Installation of drinking

water fountains or taps should be provided at convenient points.

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(ii) Toilets: There should be sufficient number of latrines & urinals, separate

for males & females, preferably at the rate of 1 Toilet for 20 workers.

(iii) Sufficient space: Sufficient floor space & cubic space should be

provided to prevent not only the respiratory infections but to ensure a

comfortable working environment. A provision of 500 cft. Of space per

worker is considered comfortable.

10.4.2 Physical Agents:

(i) Heat: Ill-effects of high temperature can be prevented by observing

following precautions:-

(a) Replacement of water: Persons working under condition of high

temperature and humidity should drink cold water frequently, preferably

one litre per hour.

(b) Regularization of work: The duration of exposure to hot

environment should be cut-down. Persons should be rotated on such duties.

(c) Clothing: Clothing should be light, loose and of light colour.

(d) Protective Devices: Protective goggles, shields and helmets should

be encouraged.

(e) Work Environment: Temperature and humidity in working

environment may be controlled by proper ventilation & air-conditioning.

(ii) Humidity: Although humidity does not directly affect the workers

physical health it causes discomfort as the comfortable value ranges from 30% to

65%. Anything above or below these limits is unpleasing. Humidity can be

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controlled through proper ventilation in the work place. 4 to 6 air changes per

hour are considered appropriate to make it a comfort zone.

(iii) Light:

(a) Sufficiency: Good light is essential for efficient functioning. Poor

lighting causes strain which leads to eye fatigue & loss of efficiency.

Illumination of 15 to 20 foot candles is an accepted basic norm.

(b) Distribution: Distribution of light should be uniform having the same

intensity over the whole area of work; otherwise it will strain the eyes and

affect visual acuity.

(c) Absence of glare: Glare has an excessive contrast. Direct glare from

a light source should be avoided & camouflaged, otherwise it causes

annoyance.

(d) Steadiness: The source of light should be constant and not flickering.

(e) Colour of light: Since day light has a soothing affect on the eye,

artificial light, as far as possibly, be approximately of day light.

(iv) Noise: Noise is defined as unwanted sound or more precisely as “wrong

sound, in wrong place, at the wrong time”. It has now become a very important

stress factor in the environment of man. Acceptable norms in industries may be 40

to 60 dBA. Annoyance can be controlled as under:-

- By segregating the noisy machines, application of Mufflers or other noise

reducers to machines.

- Transmission of noise can be controlled by applying enclosures and

covering the room walls with sound absorbing materials.

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- Protection of workers can be achieved by providing ear plugs & air muffs.

Employees should be regularly rotated from noisy areas to comparatively

calm areas in the Factories.

10.4.3 Chemical Hazards: Chemical agents act in 3 ways as under:-

i) Local action: Some chemicals which come directly in contact with skin

cause, irritation and other problems. Hand gloves can be used where there is

possibility of the chemicals coming in contact with hands.

(ii) Inhalation: Dust, Gases & Metals and their compounds are the biggest

health hazards in the industry. They are absorbed in the body through

inhalation. Although, dust particles larger than 10 Microns settle down in the

air immediately but smaller ones, less than 5 Microns, are inhaled & directly

go into lungs. This is called respirable dust. To avoid their effect face masks

should be provided to the workers at vulnerable places.

(iii) Ingestion: Some chemical substances like Lead, Mercury, Arsenic and Zink

etc. may be swallowed in minute amounts through contaminated hands, food

and cigarettes. Although these are mostly excreted, but a small portion may

reach the blood stream. Use of hand gloves in such areas should be used

extensively.

10.4.4 Mechanical Hazards: These are related to the machinery and other

equipment having moving parts. Following precautions will be necessary for such

hazards.

(i) Proper guards should be provided around of moving parts, so that

accidental touching by the workers is avoided.

(ii) Sufficient space should be available around the machines for the workers to

move freely. All machines should be properly earthed to avoid any

electrical shocks.

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(iii) Safety Boots & Belts should be provided to workers where necessary to

save damage due to accidents.

10.4.5 Biological Hazards: These hazards occur mostly in industries dealing

with the animals and animal products like hair, wool and hides etc. Hand gloves,

face masks, and gum boots can be provided to all the workers to save them from

the infective and parasitic agents.

10.5 Safety Precautions & Suggestions:-

To protect the health of the workers in an Industry, following measures shall

be taken:-

i) Proper housing shall be provided to workers in large Units for comfortable

& stress free living.

ii) Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) shall be provided to workers, such as

Earplugs, Gloves, Eye Goggles, Helmets, Gum/ Safety Boots & Safety

Belts etc.

iii) Clean & cool drinking water shall be available to workers near work places

especially near hot spots.

iv) Proper ventilation shall be provided in work place, specially where heat is

generated.

v) Employees working near furnaces & other hot areas shall be rotated to

minimize exposure time.

vi) Acoustics shall be provided in rooms where noise creating machines work.

vii) All moving & protruding parts of machinery shall be guarded, so those

workers do not come in contact with them.

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viii) Proper lighting shall be provided in the work place. Glares will be avoided.

ix) Exhaust fans & canopy hoods shall be provided in the areas where dust &

other gases are expected from the operations.

x) First Aid Box shall be kept at prominent place to be used in emergent

cases.

xi) All firefighting equipment shall be frequently checked to see that they are

effective always.

xii) Frequent health check-up of the workers shall be done on regular basis and

the results documented. Timely medical treatment shall be provided to

affected person, if any.

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CHAPTER-11.0

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND

ENVIRONEMNT POLICY

11.1 Corporate social responsibility is the commitment of businesses to contribute to

sustainable economic development by working with the employees, their families,

local community & society at large to improve their lives in ways that are good for

business as well as overall development. It is a voluntary activity of a company

that supports social interests & environmental issues. It is a principle through

which the business houses contribute to the welfare of the society & not only

maximize their profits. CSR, in fact, is about business giving back to the society.

Some of the CSR related activities are summarized as follows:-

(i) Sustainable livelihood creation – Promoting micro entrepreneurship through

skills development, market linkages & women’s economic empowerment.

(ii) Education – Setting up schools, colleges curriculum development, teacher

training & community involvement.

(iii) Health care – Healthcare awareness camps & setting up hospitals &

dispensaries in areas where these are deficient and arranging equipment needed

by the patients if any. Providing free treatment to poor patients in Hospitals,

specially for life threatening diseases, as per recommendation of the Hospital

authorities.

(iv) Community initiative – Need based services, project/programs for

disadvantage youth, illiterate adults, socially & economically deprived sections

of the society & women self help groups.

(v) Rural development – Water management, housing, sheds, waste land,

agriculture & animal husbandry, genetic improvement & model village

development with all basic amenities.

(vi) Infrastructure developments – Roads, drinking water & sanitation etc.

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Keeping in view the above the company proposes to set aside 5% of the cost of the

Project for activities under CSR and creates a corpus for the same. The activities

shall be maintained from the interest of the corpus throughout the life of the

project. Following activities shall be taken up under this programme.

(5% of 4426 Lakhs = 2.213 Cr 2 Cr interest @ 9%= 20 lacs)

Table- 11.1

DETAIL OF CSR AND ITS TIME BOUND IMPLEMENTATION

Over a Period of 15 years

S.No. Name of the Village Welfare action Plan Estimated

Cost (Rs

Lacs)

1.

Behra, Bhagwanpur,

Rampur Sainian,

Khurhanwala

Environmental education cum

awareness campaign through

audio/video in each of these villages

and High schools of these villages

once a year.

1.0

Health check up camps including

vision, audiometry, spirometry,

respiratory disorders and free

medicines whenever required once a

year, also providing & running a free

Dispensary in Village Behra

1.5

Sewing machines, ceiling fans and

tricycles to needy poor and

handicapped once in five years.

1.5

Purified drinking water and separate

toilets in the schools and their upkeep. 2.0

Distribute uniforms, books & bags to

students in the school specially from

weaker section.

2.0

2. Recognized Government

Hospitals

Free medical treatment to very poor

patients as recommended by the

Hospitals whenever required.

12.0

Total

20.0

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11.2 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY

11.2.1 The Company is very much oblivious of its responsibility in protecting the

Environment. Thus various mitigation measures as given in the report shall

be taken-up and effort will be made to nullify the effect of the Project, on

the Environment, if any. Any action or effort remains incomplete, if it is not

monitored properly at regular intervals and corrective measures taken,

wherever necessary. Regular monitoring has thus, been provided.

11.2.2 The Company has a well defined policy to keep the Environment clean.

The Board of Directors has decided that all effective steps shall be taken to

prevent deterioration of the existing Environment. They have formed an

Environment Committee committed for this cause.

The Committee will consist of following persons:-

(i) General Manager

(ii) Manager Operations

(iii) Maintenance Engineer

(iv) Supervisor - Incharge of STP & APCD

11.2.3 Monitoring and Responsibilities:

(a) For Water Environment

(i) The supervisor shall visit and check the devices daily. He will see

that the STP is working properly and flow measurements are

recorded properly in a register.

(ii) The effluent from the STP shall be got checked by him in the

Laboratory once a week. Any parameter going out of the prescribed

limits will be reported to the General Manager for taking corrective

action. He will pursue the matter at personal level to bring the

parameters within permissible limits.

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(iii) The General Manager will keep in touch with the Environmental

Consultant and seek their guidance for corrective action as and when

required.

(iv) The Committee shall meet once every month to ensure

implementation of the programme.

(v) The General Manager will bring to the notice of the Managing

Director any further action to be taken to ensure environmental

requirements. The Managing Director will report to the Board of

Directors, the action taken to set right deficiency, if any.

(b) For Air Environment

(i) The supervisor will ensure that the APCD provided are functional at

all times. Air emissions from the stack will be got checked by him

once a month from a Laboratory to see that the limits of the various

parameters are not exceeded. In case of any deviation noticed, he

will inform the General Manager to take corrective action.

(ii) The supervisor will ensure that the water is sprinkled on roads

whenever transportation of material is to be done to and from the

factory premises in trucks.

(iii) The General Manager will ensure that all the vehicles coming to the

premises have PUC Certificates and they do not blow horn

unnecessarily within the premises.

(iv) The Manager Operations will ensure that the transportation of raw-

materials and finished goods is done in trucks covered with

Tarpaulins.

11.4 The Board of Directors will discuss at frequent intervals & see that the

environmental policy laid-down by them, is followed meticulously by all persons

in the Unit and the Environment is within the prescribed limits.

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CHAPTER- 12.0

FIRE FIGHTING

12.1 Introduction:

The unit is to come up in an area, which is an approved Industrial Focal

Point. A number of Industrial units exist adjacent to this unit. It falls in

Group G-1 category of Industrial Building and in Fire Zone 2 as per NBC.

Fire is one of the major hazards in factories, specially dealing with inflammable

gases/materials. It is, therefore, necessary that adequate steps are taken to

immediately control fire and reduce damages. Time element is very important

in this case as such immediate action has to be taken.

12.2 Management of fire & other hazards

Industrial fires and explosions cause considerable damage to lives and

property besides impending productivity. This damage may extend to

neighboring areas. The fundamental approach governing fire safety

attempts shall be adopted to ensure that fires do not at all start in the first

place and should they occur, to restrain their spread by quick detection and

extinguishment.

12.3 Prevention of spread of fire:

Despite many precautions taken, fires do break out. Hence every factory

should have established measures to detect a fire and to attack it

immediately. Automatic fire detection has many advantages such as speed

and reliability and is recommended for warehouses, control

rooms/computer rooms and unoccupied areas with high fire hazard.

Depending on the nature of the occupancy and the hazard, a variety of

detection systems are available. They are activated by one of the effects of

fire such as temperature rise, smoke flame or heat and can be coupled to an

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alarm system which would provide visual/audible alarms at designated

manned locations. They can also be designed to automatically actuate fire-

extinguishing systems. The selection/installation of the detection system

shall conform to the applicable National Standards.

12.4 Extinguishing Systems:

Equipment for firefighting shall be chosen with care and suited to the task.

Fires are classified depending on the materials involved and appropriate

extinguishing agents are also recommended. Different kinds of fire fighting

media are suggested as below:

Water

Water acts as a coolant, i.e. it reduces the temperature of the burning

product to a point below its fire point and hence extinguishes the fire.

Water should preferably be used as a fine spray or fog rather than a jet. This

enhances its cooling potential and prevents fire spread. Water should never

be used on water-reactive chemicals.

Dry Chemical Powders

They are generally effective on flammable solvents, aerosols, products

which react adversely with water and electrical fires.

Carbon Dioxide

This is effective on flammable solvents, products which react with water

and electrical wires.

Foam

A number of different types of foams are available commercially. Their

selection should be done after consulting the HSDS of different chemicals.

However, great skill is needed in using foams for effective results. The

classification of fire & recommendation are given in Table 11.1. The

extinguishing agents mentioned are applied to the fire using portable or

fixed appliances. To fight fires at their incipient stage, portable

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extinguishers prove very useful. This type will be provided in adequate

numbers at appropriate locations and employees shall be thoroughly trained

in their use. Insurance regulations, the Factories Act, as well as the Bureau

of Indian Standard provide ample guidance & will be followed.

Underground water storage of 100 m3 shall be provided.

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Table 12.1

Fires Classification & Extinguishing Media

Class of

fire

Description Extinguishing

medium

Indian Standard

A Fires involving ordinary

combustible materials, like

woods, paper textiles, etc.

where the cooling effect of

water is essential for the

extinction of fire

Water 934

940

6234

B. Fire in flammable liquids like

oils, solvents, petroleum

products, varnishes, paints

etc. where a blanketing

effects is essential

Foam

Carbon dioxide

Dry Chemical

933

2878

2171

4308

C Fires involving gaseous

substances under pressure

where it is necessary to dilute

the burning gas at a very fast

rate with an inert gas or

powder.

CO2 , Dry

Chemical Powder.

The best way to

extinguish such fires

is by stopping the

flow of fuel gas to the

fire. Container is kept

cool with water

spray.

2878

2171,4308

D Fires involving metals like

magnesium, aluminum, zinc,

potassium, etc. where the

burning metal is reactive to

water and which requires

special extinguishing media

or technique.

Special dry powders 2171

4861

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12.5 Management Plan:

The task of accident and emergency control can be simplified and made

effective if pre-planned systems and procedures are available. Without

these, important matters may be overlooked at the time of an emergency.

Every management must survey the total operation to identify potential for

fire losses and develop an action plan to put the business back to normal

with minimum loss of time. A fire protection Manual should be prepared,

preferably in 3-parts. The first part should outline the fire risks in terms of

plant locations, equipment and facilities and indicate the ways in which

risks have been minimized. The Second part would set out operating

procedures, standards of fire protection established, maintenance of these

standards, action to be taken in the event of fire by every level of

management, responsibility for inspection and repair. It should also include

instructions for staff responsible for building services. The third part

should outline the training required for existing and new staff, the

inspection schedules and check lists, sources of additional information and

help.

To have effective control a Management Plan has been prepared to alert

and take care of the workers and staff of the unit, in case there is any

fire or other accident in the adjoining Industrial unit. That includes:

Identifying Emergency team Leader and his Deputy and Establishment

of Site Emergency Control Room (SECR).

Emergency teams

Emergency teams shall consist of 2 teams, Action Team A and a Non-

Action Team-B. Action team-A will consist of staff of maintenance

department, security supervisor etc. Non-Action team-B will consist of

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people representative from the unit and other people in management

such as those looking after STP, APCS & water works etc. Team-A will

initiate action in case of emergency. Team-B will help team-A in

preparing to comply with specific instructions. A multi-channel network

shall connect site emergency control room to various district emergency

support centers, i.e. fire department, police department and hospitals and

automatically actuate fire-extinguishing systems. The

selection/installation of the detection system shall conform to the

applicable national standards. All other precautions as per NBC shall be

taken.

During non-emergencies this team A shall engage in following

activities:

1. Identification of hazards, interact with local office of Pollution

Control Board and Industry and find out which unit is using

hazardous chemicals or materials

2. Earmarking area for assembling during emergencies

3. Training programme for the staff on fire, first aid and evacuation

4. Identification of Hospitals

5. Identification and displaying emergency numbers and contacts

6. Displaying emergency symbols

7. Checking display of emergency information in storage area

8. Updating first aid emergency kit.

9. Updating fire control systems

10. Preparation and updating of standard operation procedures (SOP)

In case a staff member on duty spots any emergency and comes to know

about any fire or explosion in the industrial area or any gas leakage, he, as

136



per SOP, will go to the nearest emergency alarm station. He will also try his

best to find out about the exact location and nature of emergency from local

authorities. In accordance with the SOP the following activities will

immediately begin:

Team-A and Team-B will be activated

Announcements shall be made on the loudspeaker and workers will

be informed.

Necessary alarms shall be activated to direct the workers to the

emergency assembly area, if needed.

The external network of District Fire Station, Police and Hospital

shall be intimated.

The Emergency Supervisor shall also decide:

Whether the incident requires evacuation of workers.

Whether the workers to be kept indoors or to be evacuated and

assembled at predetermined site.

Whether district authorities are to be activated.

Once the emergency situation is under control, the advisory team will

return to SECR with their observations, report and submit the findings in

writing to Emergency Supervisor. Based on the report Emergency

Supervisor will communicate further directives and communicate

emergency and authorize step-by-step restoration of normal operation.

12.6 Alarm System during Disaster

On receiving the message of disaster from the site, the control room will

sound siren “wailing type” for 5 minutes. The message shall also be

broadcasted through Public Address System. On receiving the message of

emergency over, the alarm shall be sounded for 2 minutes. The features of

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alarm system shall be explained to all during trainings to avoid any

confusion.

12.7 First Aid

First Aid shall be readily available and at the nearest place in case of any

emergency. First aid charts showing actions to be taken in a practice shall

be displayed prominently. Following equipment shall be provided.

First Aid Boxes

Stretchers/Wheel/Chairs

Fire Blankets

Emergency Showers & Eye wash facilities

Emergency lighting

Arrangement shall be made with some local Doctor or Clinic for immediate

assistance in case of Emergency. Antidotes shall either be kept in the

factory of should be available with the Clinic/Doctor. M.S.D. Sheet shall be

sent to the Doctor Along with the patient.

First aid charts showing actions to be taken in case of a particular accident

shall be prominently displayed at the working places. In general following

actions could be taken depending on the injury.

i) Exposure to fumes or vapors’

Remove the affected person to fresh air. If needed try artificial respiration

& consult Doctor immediately.

ii) Eye Contact

Flush with water and get medical advice.

iii) Skin Contact

Remove contaminated clothing and wash off immediately with water.

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iv) Burns

Cool down the affected area with cold water until pain subsides. Apply

some antiseptic and obtain medical advice.

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CHAPTER 13.0

RAIN WATER HARVESTING

13.1 Introduction

Rain Water Harvesting is collecting and using precipitation from a

catchments surface. The rainwater collected can be stored for direct use or

can be recharged into the groundwater. Rain Water Harvesting is thus

becoming essential as it helps to meet our demand for the water either

directly as rain water is stored and put to different uses or indirectly via

replenishing the ground water.

Thus, there are two main techniques of Rain Water Harvesting (RWH)

depending on the end use.

Storage of rain water on surface for direct use

Recharge to ground water

For RWH, the rainwater that falls on a catchment is carried through

pipelines or drains for storage or recharge. The catchment can be a paved

area like a roof, terrace or courtyard of a building, or an unpaved area like a

lawn or open ground.

13.2 Methodology

The decision whether to store or recharge the harvested water depends on:

Hydro-meteorological characters viz. Rainfall duration,

general pattern and intensity of rainfall.

Hydro-geology of the area including nature and extent of

aquifer, soil cover, topography, depth to water levels and

chemical quality of ground water.

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In areas where rain falls throughout the year, barring a few dry periods, one

can make use of small size storage tanks for storing rainwater, since the

period between two spells of rain is short. On the other hand in areas where

the majority of the rainfall occurs during 3 to 4 months of monsoon, the

storage will require large size storage tanks and therefore it may be better to

use rainwater to recharge. However, a combination of two systems may

have to be adopted where hydro-geology of the area makes recharging

uneconomical due to depth to aquifers, nature of strata etc. Both the

approaches are discussed below:

13.2.1 Storage of Rainwater for Direct Use

Rainwater can be stored in an underground RCC/masonry tank. Pre-

fabricated tanks such as PVC can be installed above the ground. Each tank

must have an overflow system for situations when excess water enters the

tank. The overflow can be connected to the drainage system.

In general, runoff from only paved surfaces is used for storing since it will

be relatively less contaminated. Drainpipes that collect water from the

rooftop are diverted to the storage container. Rainwater collected from

rooftops is free of mineral pollutants like fluoride and calcium salts which

may be found in groundwater. But it is likely to be contaminated with

pollutants in air and on surface.

To prevent leaves and debris from entering the system, mesh filters should

be provided at the mouth of the drainpipe.

A first-flush device should be provided in the conduit before it is connected

to the storage container. This is to drain-off the first spell of runoff the

season, which may be more laden with dust and impurities.

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A sedimentation tank can also be provided before the main storage tank to

collect dust and impurities as se settlement. This is particularly useful in

case of underground storage water tanks.

It is preferable to use the stored water for purposes like gardening, flushing,

bathing, augmenting storage for fire-fighting etc. If it is to be used for

drinking purposes it should be used after boiling or disinfecting with

chlorine tablets of after filtration.

13.2.2 Artificial Recharge to Ground Water

Artificial recharge techniques are adopted where:

Adequate space for surface storage is not available especially in

urban areas.

Water level is deep enough (>8m.) and adequate subsurface

storage is available.

Permeable strata are available at shallow/moderate depth.

Where adequate quantity of surface water is available for recharge

to ground water.

Ground water quality is bad and the aim is to improve it.

Where there is possibility of intrusion of saline water especially in

coastal areas.

Where the evaporation rate is very high from surface water bodies.

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13.2.3 Methods of Ground Water Recharge

(i) Recharge Pits

Recharge pits are constructed for recharging the shallow aquifers. These are

constructed 1 to 2 m. wide and 2 to 3 m. deep which are back filled with

boulders, gravels & coarse sand. The size of filter material is generally

taken as below:

Coarse sand : 1 to 5 mm

Gravels : 5 to 10 mm

Boulders : 5 to 20 cm

The filter material should be filled in graded form. Boulders at the bottom,

gravels in between & coarse sand at the top so that the silt content that will

come with runoff will be deposited on the top of the coarse sand layer and

can easily be removed. If clay layer encountered at shallow depth, it should

be punctured with auger hole and that auger hole should be refilled with

fine gravel of 3 to 6 mm size.

(ii) Recharge Trenches

These are constructed when the permeable strata is available at shallow

depths. Trenches may be 0.5 to 1 m. wide, 1 to 1.5 m. deep and 10 to 20 m.

long depending upon availability of water. These are back filled with filter

materials. In case of clay layer encountered at shallow depth, the number of

auger holes may be constructed & back filled with fine gravels.

(iii) Abandoned Dug-wells

Existing abandoned dug wells may be utilized as recharge structure after

cleaning and de-silting the same. For removing the silt contents, the runoff

water should pass either through a de-silting chamber or filter chamber.

143



(iv) Hand Pumps / Tube-wells

The existing abandoned hand pumps may be used for recharging the

shallow/deep aquifers, if the availability of water is limited. Water should

pass through filter media before diverting it into hand pumps.

Abandoned tube-well may be used for recharging the shallow/deep

aquifers. These tube-wells should be redeveloped before use as recharge

structure. Water should pass through filter media before diverting it into

recharge tube-well.

(v) Recharge Wells

Recharge wells of 100 to 300mm. Diameter are generally constructed for

recharging the deeper aquifers and roof top rain water is diverted to

recharge well for recharge to ground water. The runoff water may be passed

through filter media to avoid choking of recharge wells.

(vi) Recharge Shafts

For recharging the shallow aquifers, which are located below clayey surface

at a depth of about 10 to 15 m, recharge shafts of 0.5 to 3 m. diameter and

10 to 15 m. deep are constructed depending upon availability of runoff.

These are back filed with boulders, gravels & coarse sand. For lesser

diameter shafts, the reverse/direct rotary rigs are used and larger diameter

shafts may be dug manually. In upper portion of 1 or 2m depth, the brick

masonry work is carried out for the stability of the structure.

(vii) Lateral Shafts with Bore Wells

If the aquifer is available at greater depth say 20 or 30 m, a shallow shaft of

2 to 5 m diameter and 5 to 6 m deep may be constructed depending upon

144



availability of runoff. Inside the shaft, a recharge well of 100 to 300 mm

diameter is constructed for recharging the available water to deeper aquifer.

At the bottom of the shaft a filter media is provided to avoid choking of the

recharge well.

For recharging the upper as well as deeper aquifers, lateral trench of 1.5 to

3 m. wide & 10 to 30 m. long depending upon availability of water with

one or more bore wells may be constructed. The lateral trench is back filled

with boulders, gravels & coarse sand.

(viii) Open Spreading

When permeable strata starts from top then open spreading is used. Water

is spread in streams/nalah by making check dams, nalah bunds, cement

plugs, gabion structures or percolation ponds.

13.3 General Arrangements Proposed

In the present case since the land available in the colony is limited and

large tanks cannot be constructed it is proposed to recharge the ground

water through deep bores.

13.4 Recharge Potential

The recharge is proposed to be done from the roof top of the building only.

The recharge potential thus available is as below:-

However, affords will be made to store this water for use in plantation

during non rainy days.

Area of the catchment (Roof Top) A = 16200 m2

Average annual rainfall R = 1.0 m

Runoff coefficient C = 0.8

Annual Roof Top Rain Water Harvesting Potential = 12960 m3

145



CHAPTER- 14.0

EXPENDITURE ON ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES

Table-14.1

Cost of environment protection measures

S.No Title Capital Cost

Lacs

Recurring Cost

- Lacs

(Annum)

1 Air Pollution Control 15.0 2.0

2. Noise Pollution Control

(Including cost of

Landscaping, Green Belt)

4.0 ---

3. Solid Waste Management 2.0 0.5

4. Environment Monitoring

and Management (Including

Establishment of

Laboratory)

8.0 0.5

Total 29.0 3.0

Documents

ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND ENVIRONMENT … · PROJECT AT A GLANCE 1. Name of Project Punjab Acids-Chem. Pvt. Ltd. 2. Location Village Behra, Tehsil- Derabassi, Distt- Mohali,