Environment Audit 5th Line

8/3/2019 Environment Audit 5th Line

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E507Volume 5

ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT OF SANTACRUZ - BORIVALI5TH RAILWAY LINE PROJECT

(Submitted to Mumbal Metropolitan Region DevelopmentAuthorit, Govt. of Maharashtra)

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Serene Environmenl Svics509, 'Devavrata', Plot No. 63 ,Sector 17, Vashl, Nav Mumbal 400705Telebx - 7896926EMail: sereneffvsni.comWeb sie: www.serenenviro.com

JUNE 2002

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Sr. No. Description Page NumberExecutive Summary1.0 Introduction 11.1 Background 11.2 Statement Of Purpose 12.0 Project Details 22.1 Project Need And Details 2

2.2 Project Components and Status 23.0 Scope And Methodology 43.1 Scope and Methodology 43.2 Legal Requirements 54.0 Baseline Environmental Status And Impacts 84.1 Terrain an d Geology 84.2 Climate 84.3 Ambient Air Quality 84.4 Noise Levels 94.5 Ground and Surface Water Quality 94.6 Natural Habitats and Ecology 10

4.7 Landuse 104.8 Resettlement and Rehabiliation 104.9 Archaeological and Cultural Property 115.0 Assessment of Environmental Mitigation Measures 145.1 Introduction 145.2 EHS Mitigation Measures 146.0 Environmental Monitoring And Reporting 216.1 Environmental Monitoring Program 21

6.2 Institutional Setup 256.2.1 institutional strengthening 266.3 Estimated Cost of EMP Implementation 27


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LIST OF TABLESTable Description PageNumber Number1.1 Project Components 3

1.2 Project Implementation Status 32.0 Detailed Scope and Methodology 43.0 Day time Noise Monitoring Results 94.0 Impact Matrix 125.1 EHS Mitigation Measures (Pre-Construction / Design Stage) 155.2 . EHS Mitigation Measures (Construction Stage) 165.3 EHS Mitigation Measures (Operation Stage) 196.0 Monitoring Program during Operation Phase 247.0 Training Program for Institutional Strengthening 26

LIST OF FIGURESFigure Description Page Number

Number1.0 Existing Organization Framework For Western Railway 25

LIST OF ANNEXURESAnnex DescriptionNumber

l.A Terms of Reference for carrying out Environmental Audit of Railway Projects11.B Legal Requirements2. Site Photographs3. Public Consultation Details4. Environment/ Health/ Safety Inspection Sheet5. Documentation to be maintained by contractor or railway site engineer on site6. Format for survival reporting for tree plantation


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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

AAQ: Ambient Air QualityCPCB: Central Pollution Control BoardCEMP: Community Environment Management PlansEA: Environmental AssessmentEMP: Environmental Management PlanEHS Environment, Health and SafetyFOB: Foot over-bridgesGOM: Government of MaharashtraMMR: Mumbai Metropolitan RegionMOEF: Ministry of Environment and ForestsMGGM: Municipal Corporation of Greater MumbaiMMRDA: Mumbai Metropolitan Regional Development AuthorityMLEA: Micro-Level Environmental AssessmentMRVC: Mumbai Rail Vikas CorporationMSEB: Maharashtra State Electricity BoardMUTP: Mumbai Urban Transport ProjectPIA: Project Implementation AgencyPUC Pollution Under ControlRAP: Rehabilitation Action PlanROW: Right of WayR&R Resettlement and RehabilitationSES: Serene Environmental ServicesWR: Westem Railway


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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY1.0 INTRODUCTION

The Mumbai Urban Transport Project (MUTP) has identified a number of sub-projects tostrengthen the suburban rail transport and road transport in Greater Mumbai and MumbaiMetropolitan Region (MMR) as a whole. MUTP places considerable emphasis on improvingpublic transport including the railway capacity.As per requirement of The World Bank, Environmental Assessments (EA) was done for someof these sub-projects in the years 1996 to 1998. Also, a consolidated EA was prepared forthe entire MUTP project. Environmental Management Plans (EMP) wa s prepared as a partof these EAs, which included mitigation measures for minimising adverse environmentalimpacts. Currently, several of these sub-projects are in different stages of construction andMMRDA desires to carry ou t an assessment of the relevant EMPs.This assignment pertains to the EMP assessment/audit for the 5 th line construction betweenSantacruz and Borivali stations on Westem Railway (WR). This project is being implementedby the Western Railway (WR).Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA) has retained the services ofSerene Environmental Services (SES) to carry out Environmental Audit for railway projects ofMUTP.

2.0 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDYTh e objectives of the Environmental Audit are as follows:o Assess the status of environmental impacts during ongoing construction and future

planned activities.0 Assess whether any environmental mitigation measures are required based on on-goingcompleted works, if any. io Environmental mitigation measures for planned works, if required.O Document lessons that can be useful for future projects.O Mitigate environmental impacts on the marine water quality, water flow due to

construction of bridges and other possible impacts as identified in the MLEA report bfBorivali - Virar Quadrupling Project prepared by Montgomery Watson Consultants,Mumbai.

3.0 PROJECT COMPONENTSThe Santacruz - Borivali 5 th railway line is necessary to improve the reliability of Suburbantrains, which are working beyond saturation level of line capacity. The scope of projectincludes construction of 5 th railway line between Santacruz to Borivali covering about 15 kms.Four additional 9-car rakes or 12-car rakes service could be introduced on this line toenhance the capacity of suburban section of Western Railway.The broad components of the project can be grouped under the following heads:. Earthwork for laying of rail tracks between stations


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Environmental Audit of Santacruz- Bonvali Serene Environmental Services;5"h Railway line Project* Construction of additional infrastructure at various stations such as New Plafforms and

extension of existing platforms, Station building and Booking office, Foot over-bridges(FOB), Extension of level crossings, etc.

* Construction of major and minor bridges at various locations* Construction of miscellaneous structures such as drainage, boundary walls etc.The implementation status of the project is given below:

No. Section Current Status1. Santacruz to Andheri Project Completed and Operating2. Andheri to Goregaon Work completed - Ready for Operation3. Goregaon to Borivali Only track-linking work is remaining

3.1 Applicable Legal RequirementsThe applicable Indian environmental regulations, World Bank policies/directives and GOMdirectives for all MUTP projects are given in detail in Annex lB. This EMP's for theSantacruz-Borivali project have been prepared within the framework of the ConsolidatedEnvironmental Assessment (CEA), Report for MUTP, 2002. The legal requirementsapplicable to the Santacruz-Borivali project are as follows:Indian Environmental and Other Requlations

o Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986, associated Rules and Notifications under the Act.0 The Maharashtra (Urban Areas) Preservation of Trees Act, 1975g Land Acquisition Act 1894 (LA Act):0 Maharashtra Regional and Town Planning Act, 1966 (MR&TP Act):D Development Control Regulations for Greater Mumbai 1991 (DCRs):

World Bank Policieso Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01)O Involuntary Resettlerpent (OD 4.30)

4.0 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS and IMPACTSFor this project Environmental Assessment has not been carried out earlier and baselineenvironmental data is not available. As discussed earlier, construction work for the project isfully complete. Thus, impacts during construction phase of the project cannot be assessed.However, residual impacts, if any, due to completed activities and ongoing activities havebeen evaluated and are presented below. A summary of Impacts is presented in Table A.

4.1 Ambient Air QualityCurrentAAO Monitorin' DataBaseline data for the project site is not available. AAQ is being monitored by MunicipalCorporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM) at several locations in Mumbai. Monitoring is doneas per the methodology prescribed by Ministry of Environment and forests (MOEF), NewDelhi. One of the locations where monitoring is conducted regularly is near the Khar railwaystation. Although this station does not lie between Santacruz and Borivali, it is on the sameline and located adjacent to Santacruz to the south. This location is considered as anexample of area near the railway stations, having high density of vehicular traffic includingauto-rickshaws, buses, private vehides etc. The annual average values for the year 2000 for

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Environmental Audit of Santacruz- Borivali Serene Environmental Services5h Railway line ProjectSO2 , NOx and SPM reported at,Khar was 16.16 ILg/m 3 , 69.25 jig/M3 and 290 tW/M . Thesevalues may not represent the MQ levels at other stations, but may be taken as an example.The values for NOx and SPM exceed the MO annual average standards for residential areas.These MQ annual average MQ standards for residential areas are as follows: S02 (60jig/m3); NOx (60 .g/m); SPM (140 gg/m3).AAQ near commercial and residential areas near railway stations, typically have elevatedAAQ levels due to sluggish traffic and highly built-up area with poor dispersion conditions.However, areas between stations have much lower values.Impacts During Construction PhaseConstruction work is completed. Thus impacts on air quality due to construction activitycannot be assessed.Impacts During Operation PhaseDuring the operation stage, there will be no impact on air quality, as electric trains will beoperated on the proposed track.

4.2 Noise ImpactsBaseline data for the project site is not available. However, spot monitoring of noise wasdone near the 5 th line between Santacruz and Andheri to assess noise impacts.Durinq Construction PhaseConstruction work is completed. Thus impacts on noise levels due to construction activitycannot be assessed.Durinq Operation PhaseExisting baseline noise levels in this area exceeds the CPCB noise standards for residentialarea. This is typically found near the railway stations, where residential areas are locatedquite close (30 to 50 m) to railway tracks.Boundary wall have been constructed along the railway land, however this is not expected tohave much potential for noise attenuation, as residential building are located very close to thetracks and are 3 to 4 storey high. Providing a barTier all along the track to this height may notbe feasible. Source reduction techniques by providing better track/wheel interface and trackmodification may be more appropriate for noise reduction.

4.3 Ground and Surface Water QualityConstruction work is completed. Thus impacts on any water body, due to construction activitycannot be assessed. However, there are no water bodies of any significance (lakes, rivers,creek etc.) present in the Santacruz-Borivali rail corridor. In act most of the area is denseBuilt-up area. Thus there would not have been any adverse environmental impact on waterbodies.Impacts During Operation PhaseThe operation of the project is not likely to have a significant impact on water bodies due tothe following reasons:

Wastewater generated at platforms and the new railway quarters will be treated inseptic tank and discharged via soak pits or discharged into existing seweragenetwork.


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* Drains are constructed at locations near stations likely to be flooded duringmonsoons.

* There is no other activity which generates effluent and which can adversely affectany water body.

4.4 Natural Habitats and EcologyManagement and conservation of natural habitats likely to be affected by the SantacruzBorivali project is required by The World Bank Operational Policy OP 4.04. There are nonatural habitats along this route such as forests, mangroves, which require protection.ImPacts Durina Construction PhasePermission for felling of these trees were obtained from the Tree Officer of MCGM. Area fortree plantation is limited due to dense built-up area on this route (See Photo 1-n Annex 2).However, WR is carrying out track-side and other plantation for enhancement of the areawherever feasible. This activity is proactive and plantation targets are normally set for variousWR managers.Impacts During Oneration PhaseImpacts on ecology is not expected during the operation stage as the project is coming upalongside the existing tracks and there is-no forest and other sensitive ecological reservesnear the tracks that can be affected due to operation of additional rakes.

4.5 LanduseThis rail corridor is large built-up area with no significant ecological resources, water bodiesetc. There are mixed use and residential areas immediately adjacent to the corridorboundary. At Malad and Goregaon few patches of vacant land are seen in between stations.

The land-use pattern has not change significantly due to the implementation of the project asit has come up alongside the existing tracks.4.6 Resettlement an d Rehabilitation

There are 515 project-affected households (PAHs) which need resettlement. Resettlementand rehabilitation of the project-affected households is being done by MMRDA as per theRehabilitation Action Plan (RAP) of Govt. of Maharashtra. Site specific CommunityEnvironment Management Plans (CEMP) are being prepared separately by MMRDA fortransit and permanent locations.

4.7 Archaeological an d Cultural PropertyRehabilitation of Cultural Property such as archaeological and historical sites, religious(temples, mosques etc.) affected by project activities is required by The World BankQperational Policy 4 11 on Cultural Property Preservation.As per survey conducted by MMRDA, there were no such structures present on this route.

A summary of the impacts during construction and operation phases of the project in given inTable A

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EnvironmentalAudlt of Santacruz- Borivalh SereneEnvironmentalServices5Zh Railway line Project

Table A Impact MatrixNo. Parameter Impacts During Construction phase Impacts During operation phase

1. Air Quality Construction work is completed. Thus impacts on air No negative impacts durng operation phase.quality due to construction activity cannot be assessed.

2. Noise Construction work is completed. Thus impacts on noise Existing baseline noise levels in this area exceeds the CPCBlevels due to construction activity cannot be assessed. noise standards for residential area. This is typically foundnear the railway tracks where residential areas are locatedquite close (30 to 50 m) o railway tracks.Boundary wall have been constructed along the railway landhowever this is not expected to have much potential fornoise attenuation, as residential building are located veryclose to the tracks and are 3 to 4 storey high. Providing abarrier all along the track to this height may not be feasibleSource reduction techniques by providing better track/wheelinterface and track modification may be more appropriate fornoise reduction.


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Table A Cont..No. Parameter Impacts During Construction phase Impacts During operation phase3 Water Quality No water bodies of any significance such as lakes, rivers, No significant adverse impacts as effluent fromcreek etc. present in the Santacruz-Borivali rail corridor. platforms will be treated in septic tanks andNo adverse environmental impact on any water body. discharged via soak pits/ or into existing sewers.No other source of effluent during operation.4. Natural Permission for felling of trees had been obtained from the No adverse impacts on ecology during operationHabitats and Tree Officer. Area for tree plantation is limited due to phase. No forest and other sensitive ecologicalEcology dense built-up area on this route (See Photo 1 in Annex reserves located in the rail corridor.2). However, WR is carrying out track-side and other

plantation for enhancement of the area wherever feasible.(Photo 3 in Annex 2 shows plantation and fencing atAndheri station)5. Landuse The land-use pattern has not change significantly due to No adverse impacts expected.the implementation of the project as it has come upalongside the existing tracks.There are 515 project-affected households (PAHs) whichneed resettlement. Resettlement and rehabilitation of thePAH done by MMRDA as per the Rehabilitation ActionPlan (RAP) of Govt. of Maharashtra.

6. Archaeological As per survey conducted by MMRDA, there were no such No adverse impacts expected.and Cultural structures present on this route. More details are given inProperty. the Rehabilitation Action Plan (RAP) for MUTP andRehabilitation Implementation Plan (RIP) for the Project.

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Environmental Audit of Santacruz- Bonvali Serene Environmental Servicesdh Railway line Project5.0 Assessment of Environmental Mitigation Measures

The entire construction work for the project is complete and thus EHS measures cannot beaudited/assessed for the construction phase. Also, as seen from the previous section, sitevisits have not revealed any significant adverse environmental impact caused due the alreadycompleted activity.Thus, as far as this project is concerned, recommendations for EMP implementationinclude the following: EHS mitigation measures that could be included as a requirement for contractorsfor future works in this area.* EMP monitoring and reporting during operational stage.* Institutional mechanism for EMP implementationThe EHS issues are addressed for the components given below

* Ecological impacts such as tree cutting and destruction of mangroves.* Resettlement and rehabilitation* Utility relocation* Generation of Dust due to construction activity* Construction Vehicle /equipment exhaust emissions* Noise from vehicles, plants and equipment*. Contamination of water bodies* Ecological impacts such as tree cutting and destruction of mangroves* Soil erosion* Debris disposal* Soil contamination by construction wastes, fuel etc.* Land degradation in quarry area.* Health and hygierqe at construction labour camps* Delays and congestion on tracks* Traffic Control and Safety* Occupational Health and Safety

Critical EHS recommendations for the project are given below, more details on audit findings andrecommendations are available in Tables 5.1 to 5.3 of this reporL

Pre-construction and desiqn stage:1. Resettlement is currently being carried out by MMRDA as per RAP of GOM. SeparateTransit and permanent accommodations for project affected households should be audited at

least 6 monthly.2. All necessary permissions to be taken for cutting trees/vegetation3. Along with design of noise barriers, technology with low noise should be incorporated.

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Construction Phase1. Road wetting for earth-working operations to be done regularly for dust suppression..2. All contractors to make sure that all dumpers and other vehicles being used at site have been

checked for vehicle emissions and have a valid PUC certificate.3. A clear documented procedure to be made part of the tender documents for future projects,requirng contractors to dispose debris in low-lying areas away from water bodies, as fillmaterial only.

4. Documentation such as quarry release receipt issued by the District Revenue officer at thequarry site to be available at construction site.5. Safety and hazard posters and signs should be clearly displayed at locations such as plafformworks, level crossings, Station building construction areas etc.

6. W.R. to assure that procedure for work permit is followed at all construction sites.7. WR to assure that all contractors make available safety shoes, face masks, earplugs etc. asapplicable to the labourers. Such PPE's should be available on site and assessment shouldbe made during scheduled inspections.

WR to make sure that all above requirements (given in more detail in EMP tables 5.1 to 5.3)should be made part of tender documents for future projects.ODeration Phase1. Regular maintenance of track side plantation.2. Noise monitoring on Santacruz-Borvali route as given in Table 6.

6.0 Environmental Monitoring and ReportingSte visits and interviews have revealed the following facts related to environmentalmanagement organisation:. In the consolidated EA report for MUTP, MRVC was reported to be the Project

Implementation Agency (PIA). However, Westem Railway '/VR) is the PIA for thisproject. MRVC is the coordinating agency to facilitate communication between MMRDAand WR.

o WR has not been involved in any of the earlier EA efforts. Environmental mitigationmeasures identified in the earlier EA for this project and also identified in he consolidatedEA are not available with WR. However, WR has incorporated certain EHS elements inthe tender documents.o Environmental monitoring is currently not required to be done by the contractors. Apartfrom periodic safety inspections, currently there is no feedback mechanism for EHSelements of the project.

The construction phase is completed and site observations have not revealed any significantresidual impacts on the site due to construction phase. Major significant impacts would bethe displacement of project affected people and cutting of vegetation along the ROW. Themonitoring of R&R components is being covered separately as a part of another study andpermissions have been taken earlier for cufting of vegetation

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Comprehensive periodic site inspection programs for EHS elements and a regularenvironmental monitorng program will best achieve the objectives of monitoring describedabove for this project.The recommended EMP monitoring and reporting mechanism, inspection schedule - format -responsibilities, current institutional mechanism, training requirements etc. are given in detailin Section 6.1 of this report. The cost for EMP fo r Santacruz-Borvali line is estimated at Rs.1346000 (See Table 8).

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1.0 INTRODUCTION1.1 Background

The Mumbai Urban Transport Project (MUTP) has identified a number of sub-projects tostrengthen the suburban rail transport and road transport in Greater Mumbai and MumbaiMetropolitan Region (MMR) as a whole. MUTP places considerable emphasis on improvingpublic transport including the railway capacity.As per requirement of The World Bank, Environmental Assessments (EA) was done for someof these sub-projects in the years 1996 to 1998. Also, a consolidated EA was prepared forthe entire MUTP project. Environmental Management Plans (EMP) was prepared as a partof these EAs, which included mitigation measures for minimising adverse environmentalimpacts. Currently, several of these sub-projects are in different stages of construction andMMRDA desires to carry out an assessment of the relevant EMPs.This assignment pertains to the EMP assessment/audit for the 5th line construction betweenSantacruz an d Borivali stations on Western Railway (WR). This project is being implementedby the Western Railway (WR).

1.2 Statement of purposeMumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA) has retained the services ofSerene Environmental Services (SES) to carry out Environmental Audit for railway projectsof MUTP. The scope of work is as per TOR given in the RFP no . PD/MUTP/EA/701/2001dated October 16, 2001 (Annex 1). The work was awarded to SES on November 7, 2001,after final negotiations on November 6,2001.Objectivesof the study:*' Assess the status of environmental impacts during ongoing construction and futureplanned activities.0 Assess whether any environmental mitigation measures are required based on on-goingcompleted works, if any.l' Environmental mitigation measures for planned works, if required.0- Document lessons that can be useful for future projects.*' Mitigate environmental impacts on the marine water quality, water flow due toconstruction of bridges and other possible impacts as identified in the MLEA report ofBorivali - Virar Rail Quadrupling Project (BVQR), prepared by Montgomerry WatsonConsultants, Mumbai, 1998.


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2.0 PROJECT DETAILS2.1 Project Need and Details

The Santacruz - Borvali 5th railway line is necessary to improve the reliability of Suburbantrains, which are working beyond saturation level of line capacity. The scope of projectincludes construction of 5 th railway line between Santacruz to Borivali covering about 15 kms.Four additional 9-car rakes or 12-car rakes service could be introduced on this line toenhance the capacity of suburban section of Western Railway.Benefits of the 5th line between Santacruz - Borivali:1. Segregation of suburban and non-suburban traffic between Santacruz and Borivali, thus

releasing capacity on through lines to allow more suburban trains and create new routefor passenger trains to new passenger terminus at Bandra.2. Provision of 5th line will provide additional three suburban 12-car rake paths from Borvali

to Churchgate.2.2 Project Components and Status

The broad components of the project can be grouped under the following heads:* Earthwork for laying of rail tracks between stations* Construction of additional infrastructure at various stations such as New Platforms andextension of existing platforms, Station building and Booking office, F?ot over-bridges

(FOB), Extension of level crossings, etc.* Construction of major and minor bridges at various locations* Construction of miscellaneous structures such as drainage, boundary walls etc.The broad project components and implementation status of the same are given below inTable 1.1 and 1.2 respectively. Santacruz to Andheri line has started operating and track-linking work is in progress in case of Goregaon to Borvali railway line. Photo I (Annex 2)shows the completed 5th line with boundary wall. Photo 2 shows a view of a minor bridge(subway extension).

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Table 1.1 Project ComponentsNo. Description Unit Scope1. Land Acquisition Sq.m. 9682. Earth Work Cum 1500003. Major Bridge (12 to 18 m) Nos. 44. Minor Bridge (< 12m) Nos. 235. Level Crossing extensions Nos. 66. F.O.B extensions Nos. 87. Quarters to be dismantled Nos. 1058. Quarters to be constructed Nos. 1059. Hoarding Nos. 7210. Ballast Cum 5500011 . Booking office at Kandivali, Nos. 1Plaffomm shed at Vileparle andMalad.12. New Plafform at Andheri Nos. 113. Construction of Boundary wall, Boundary wall near residential areas,drains, fencing etc. at different encroachment areas. Drainagestations provided at stations and areas prone toflooding.

Table 1.2 Project Implementation StatusNo. Section Current Status1. Santacruz to Andheri Work Completed - Ready for Operation2. Andheri to Goregaon Work completed - Ready for Operation3. Goregaon to Borivali Only track-linking work is remaining

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3.1 SCOPE AND METHODOLOGYAs described earlier the construction of project is completed. An assessment of AltemativeSites for the Santacruz - Borvali project was not carred out since the lines will be coming upadjacent to the existing lines with a view to enhancing the capacity of these lines. Publicconsultation have also been conducted for MUTP and its various components. The details ofwhich are given in Annex 3.The various tasks and methodology followed for completing these objectives are given belowin Table 2.0. Methodology followed is as per the Inception Report of the project.Table 2.0 Detailed Scope and Methodology

Scope MethodologyTask IReview of previous reports such as These reports were reviewed for understanding the projectengineering design, MUTP background.consolidated EA report etc.Task 2Determination of significant impacts on Site visits along ROW of the proposed tracks and facilitiesthe air, noise and ecological such as stations etc.environment that have occurred due to Ambient Air Qualitycurrent construction works and future Ambient air quality impacts during construction stages ofplanned activities. the project cannot be assessed, as the construction work isover and tracks are largely operational. Residual impacts

that could have been caused due to construction /modification of infrastructure such as plafforms etc. wereassessed during site visits. Ambient air monitoring is notenvisaged for the project.Noise ImpactsSpot monitoring of Noise levels at the following locationwil be done:* Near 5 line between Santacruz to Andheri - This lineis operational and noise levels due to operation of this

line were measured.Water QualityConstruction of the project is complete and no impact onsurface or ground water quality expected. No watermonitoring envisagedImpacts on water quality due to planned construction ofplatforms, sanitary facilities etc will be assessed. No watermonitoring envisaged.Soil QualityAll earthwork and construction of bridges etc are completeSoil analysis is not envisaged.

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Table 2.0 ContScope MethodologyEcological ImpactsArea alongside the tracks is largely built-up and noecological resources of any significance are present in thiscorridor. However, stock is taken of the number of treescut in the ROW and track- side plantation efforts.

TASK 3 Construction work is fully complete for this project. Thus* Preparation of EMPs for adverse implementation status of EMPs during construction stageenvironmental impacts identified cannot be assessed. However, it can be safely said thatfor the completed and planned measures implemented durng the construction stage wasworks. Preparation of EMP matrix, similar to those currently being implemented at the Borivali-specific EMPs, responsibilities and Virar Rail Quadrupling project. Both these projects areauthorities for implementation and being implemented by Westem Railways.the cost implications for the EMP * To assess any residual impacts that may have beenimplementation. caused during construction, site visits were conducted

* Assess the adequacy of current along tracks and at Andheri Station.institutional arrangements and * Organization structure and chain of command betweensuggest measures for contractors, Railway and MRVC was reviewed.strengthening the same if required. * A representative EMP matrix consisting of measures* Suggest improvements in that should be incorporated in the tender documents forimplementation of mitigation any future projects are included.measures in future activities. * Environmental Monitoring protocols are defined for

operation stage.* EMP implementation framework, reporting

requirements etc. have been firmed up afterdiscussions with MRVC, Westem Railway andMMRDA.


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3.2 Applicable Legal RequirementsThe applicable Indian environmental regulations, World Bank policies/directives and GOMdirectives for all MUTP projects are given in detail in Annex lB. This EMP's for theSantacruz-Borivali project have been prepared within the framework of the ConsolidatedEnvironmental Assessment (CEA), Report for MUTP, 2002. The legal requirementsapplicable to the Santacruz-Borivali project are as follows:Indian Environmental and Other Regulations

*' Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986, associated Rules and Notifications under the Act.*' The Maharashtra (Urban Areas) Preservation of Trees Act, 1975*' Land Acquisition Act 1894 (LA Act):*' Maharashtra Regional and Town Planning Act, 1966 (MR&TP Act):* Development Control Regulations for Greater Mumbai 1991 (DCRs):

World Bank Policies*' Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01)*' Involuntary Reseftlement (OD 4.30)

Relevant compliance action for these policies has been covered in the following Section 4.6

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4.0 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS and IMPACTSFor this project Environmental Assessment has not been carried out earlier and baselineenvironmental data is not available. As discussed earlier, construction work for the project isfully complete. Thus, impacts during construction phase of the project cannot be assessed.However, residual impacts, if any, due to completed activities and ongoing activities havebeen evaluated and are presented below. A summary of Impacts is presented in Table 3.

4.1 Terrain and GeologySantacruz - Borvali tracks run over almost a level terrain in the area. The area through out isbuilt-up. Some open areas are observed between Malad and Goregaon. Geology is typicalof the westem coast i.e. Basalt rocks overlain by alluvial soils / clays.

4.2 ClimateThe climate of the area is characterized by high humidity nearly all year round, oppressivesummers season and well-distributed and heavy rainfall during the southwest monsoonseason. This suburban district receives heavy rainfall during the southwest monsoon seasonbetween June and August.

4.3 Ambient Air QualityCurrent AA Q MonitoringDataBaseline data for the project site is not available. AAQ is being monitored by MunicipalCorporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM) at several locations in Mumbai. Mronitoring is doneas per the methodology prescribed by Ministry of Environment and forests (MOEF), NewDelhi. One of the locations where monitoring is conducted regularly is near the Khar railwaystation. Although this station does not lie between Santacruz and Borivali, it is on the sameline and located adjacent to Santacnrz to the south. This location is considered as anexample of area near the railway stations, having high density of vehicular traffic includingauto-rickshaws, buses, private vehicles etc. The annual average values for the year 2000 forS02, NOx and SPM reported at Khar was 16.16 t1g/M 3, 69.25 jig/M3 and 290 hig/M 3. Thesevalues may not represent the AAQ levels at other stations, but may be taken as an example.The values for NOx and SPM exceed the AAQ annual average standards for residential areas.These AAQ annual average AAQ standards for residential areas are as follows: S02 (60[Lg/M 3); NO x (60 jig/m3); SPM (140 jig/rn3).AAQ near commercial and residential areas near railway stations, typically have elevatedAAQ levels due to sluggish traffic and highly built-up area with poor dispersion conditions.However, areas between stations have much lower values.


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Impact AssessmentDurina Construction PhaseConstruction work is completed. Thus impacts on air quality due to construction activitycannot be assessed.Durnnq Operation PhaseDurng the operation stage, there will be no impact on air quality, as electric trains will beoperated on the proposed track.

4.4 Noise LevelsBaseline DataBaseline data for the project site is not available. However, spot monitoring of noise (daytime) was done near the 5e line between Santacnrz and Andheri to assess noise impacts.Photo 1 in Annex 2 shows a section of the completed 5th line with boundary wall andresidential areas next to it. Noise monitoring was done at a similar locations. The noisemonitoring locations and values are given below in Table 4.0Table 4.0 Day time Noise Monitoring Results

No. Location Noise levels CPCB NoisedB(A) Standards forresidential area1. Baseline noise level 30 m from railway track at 65 - 70 Day time - 55dB(A)Santacruz - no train movement (behind Night time - 45boundary wall) dB(A)2. Baseline noisb level 30 m from railway track at 83 - 87Santacruz - with train movement (behindboundary wall)

Impact AssessmentDuring Construction PhaseConstruction work is completed. Thus impacts on noise levels due to construction activitycannot be assessed.During ODeration PhaseExisting baseline noise levels in this area exceeds the CPCB noise standards for residentialarea. This is typically found near the railway stations, where residential areas are locatedquite close (30 to 50 m) to railway tracks.Boundary wall have been constructed along the railway land,-however this is not expected tohave much potential for noise attenuation, as residential building are located very close to thetracks and are 3 to 4 storey high. Providing a barrier all along the track to this height may notbe feasible. Source reduction techniques by providing better track/wheel interface and trackmodification may be more appropriate for noise reduction.

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4.5 Ground and Surface Water QualityImpact AssessmentDurinq Construction PhaseConstruction work is completed. Thus impacts on any water body due to construction activitycannot be assessed. However, there are no water bodies of any significance (lakes, rivers,creek etc.) present in the Santacnrz-Borivali rail corridor. In fact most of the area is denseBuilt-up area. Thus there would not have been any adverse environmental impact on waterbodies.During Operation PhaseThe operation of the project is not likely to have a significant impact on water bodies due tothe following reasons:* Wastewater generated at platforms and the new railway quarters will be treated in septictank and discharged via soak pits or discharged into existing sewerage network.* Drains are constructed at locations near stations likely to be flooded during monsoons.* There is no other activity which generates effluent and which can adversely affect anywater body.

4.6 Natural Habitats and EcologyManagement and conservation of natural habitats likely to be affected by the SantacruzBorivali project is required by The World Bank Operational Policy OP 4.04. There are nonatural habitats along this route such as forests, mangroves, which require protection.Imoacts During Construction PhasePermission for felling of these trees were obtained from the Tree Officer of MCGM. Area fortree plantation is limited due to dense built-up area on this route (See Photo I in Annex 2).However, WR is carrying out track-side and other plantation for enhancement of the areawherever feasible. Photo 3 in Annex 2 shows plantation and fencing done at AndheriStation. Photo 4 shows the completed 5th line with track-side vegetable plantation which isgiven on contract. This activity is proactive and plantation targets are normally set for variousWR managers.Impacts Durina Operation PhaseImpacts on ecology is not expected during the operation stage as the project is coming upalongside the existing tracks and there is no forest and other sensitive ecological reservesnear the tracks that can be affected due to operation of additional rakes.

4.7 Land UseThis rail corridor is large built-up area with no significant ecological resources, water bodiesetc. There are mixed use- and residential areas immediately adjacent to the corridorboundary. At Malad and Goregaon few patches of vacant land are seen in between stations.ImpactsThe land-use pattern has not change significantly due to the implementation of the project asit has come up alongside the existing tracks.

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4.8 Resettlement and RehabilitationThere are 515 project-affected households (PAHs) which need resettlement. Resettlementand rehabilitation of the project-affected households is being done by MMRDA as per theRehabilrtation Action Plan (RAP) of Govt of Maharashtra. Site specific CommunityEnvironment Management Plans (CEMP) are being prepared separately by MMRDA fortransit and permanent locations.

4.9 Archaeological and Cultural PropertyRehabilitation of Cultural Property such as archaeological and historical sites, religious(temples, mosques etc.) affected by project activities is required by The World BankOperational Policy 4.11 on Cultural Property Preservation.As per survey conducted by MMRDA, there were no such structures present on this route.Table 4.0 presents summarized impacts during construction and operation phase of project.

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Table 4.0 Impact MjatrixNo. Parameter Impacts During Construction phase Impacts During operation phase

1 Air Quality Construction work is completed. Thus impacts on air No negative impacts during operation phase.quality due to construction activity cannot be assessed.2. Noise Construction work is completed. Thus impacts on noise Existing baseline noise levels in this area exceeds the CPCBlevels due to construction activity cannot be assessed. noise standards for residential area. This is typically foundnear the railway tracks where residential areas are locatedquite close (30 to 50 m) o railway tracks.

Boundary wall have been constructed along the railway landhowever this is not expected to have much potential fornoise aKtenuation, as residential building are located veryclose to the tracks and are 3 to 4 storey high. Providing abarrier all along the track to this height may not be feasible.Source reduction techniques by providing beKter track/vheelinterface and track modification may be more appropriate fornoise reduction.


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Table 4.0 Cont..No. Parameter Impacts During Construction phase Impacts During operation phase3. Water Quality No water bodies of any significance such as lakes, rivers, No significant adverse impacts as effluent fromcreek etc. present in the Santacruz-Borivali rail corridor. plafforms will be treated in septic tanks and

No adverse environmental impact on any water body. discharged via soak pits/ or into existing sewersNo other source of effluent during operation.4. Natural Permission for felling of trees had been obtained from the No adverse impacts on ecology during operationHabitats and Tree Officer. Area for tree plantation is limited due to phase. No forest and other sensitive ecologicaEcology dense built-up area on this route (See Photo I in Annex reserves located in the rail corridor.2). However, WR is carrying out track-side and other

plantation for enhancement of the area wherever feasible.(Photo 3 in Annex 2 shows plantation and fencing atAndheri station)5. Landuse The land-use pattern has not change significantly due to No adverse impacts expected.the implementation of the project as it has come upalongside the existing tracks.There are 515 project-affected households (PAHs) whichneed resettlement. Resettlement and rehabilitation of thePAH done by MMRDA as per the Rehabilitation ActionPlan (RAP) of Govt. of Maharashtra.

6. Archaeological As per survey conducted by MMRDA, there were no such No adverse impacts expected.and Cultural structures present on this route. More details are given inProperty. the Rehabilitation Action Plan (RAP) for MUTP andRehabilitation Implementation Plan (RIP) for the Project.

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5.0 Assessment of Environmental Mitigation Measures5.1 Introduction

The previous sections described the changes observed in baseline environmental status andthe environmental impacts during construction and operation stages of the project. Thissection is dedicated to evaluating the Environment, Health and Safety (EHS) mitigation needsand institutional mechanisms for their implementation. EHS mitigation measures, monitoringprograms and reporting structure are required to be a part of an Environmental ManagementPlan.As discussed earlier, the entire construction work for the project is complete and thus EHSmeasures cannot be audited/assessed for the construction phase. Also, as seen from theprevious section, site visits have not revealed any significant adverse environmental impactcaused due the already completed activity.Thus, as far as this project is concemed, recommendations for EMP implementation includethe following:* EHS mitigation measures that could be included as a requirement for contractors forfuture works in this area.* EMP monitoring and reporting during operational stage.* Institutional mechanism for EMP implementation

5.2 EHS Mitigation MeasuresEMP measures are presented in Table 5.1 to 5.3 for the design, construction and operationstages. Tables 5.1 and 5.2 will be applicable only for future projects. Table 5.3 isapplicable to the operating stage of the current Santacruz-Borivali 5th line project.The mitigation requirements mentioned should be complied by the WR by assigningresponsibilities for the same to various WR departments and making it a part of contractorrequirements where relevant.

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TABLE 5.1 EHS Mitigation Measures (PRE-CONSTRUCTION I DESIGN STAGE)Environmental EHS Mitigation Measures To be taken* Responsibility **Impact Implementation SupervisionEcological impacts Trees to be removed before commencement of construction, with prior permission from Forestsuch as tree cutting Officer as required by the Th e Maharashtra (Urban Areas) Preservation of Trees Act, 1975. W R - Site Engineer WR - Dy . Chiefand destruction of with contractor Engineer (Construction)mangroves.Utility relocation All utilities, such as electrical installations, telephone l ines etc. to be shifted after prior approval of

agencies. WR - Site Engineer WR - Dy. Chiewith contractor Engineer (Construction)Noise pollution Construction of noise barriers at appropriate locations. Barriers as mentioned above may providethe noise attenuation to some extent, however, it isdoubfful that any attenuation will be possible WR - Site Engineer WR - Dy . Chieover the ground floor of existing structures. Also, the effect will be variable to a arge extent as with contractor Engineer (Construction)residential an d sensitive receptors will be located at variable distances from the boundary wall.Noise reduction at source appears to be a more practical approach to address the noise impacts.These should be implemented by WR.A variety of sources ar e responsible for both the total environmental noise pollution of a passingtrain and its interior noise. These sources ar e the wheel, the rail, the track components - sleepers,ballast etc. Some of the measures which ar e being introduced inall new rail lines are:a. Us e of continuous welded railsb. Rubber pads between rail and sleepers.c 30-cm stone ballast cushion below sleeper seat, which will reduce noise by providing elasticity.d. Construction of concrete bridges instead of steel bridges.

o T/e EMP Measures given above or pre-constructionand constructionphases are applicable or FutureRailway Projectson thisandotlierroutes of WR.** A follow-up mechanism for regular monitoring of mitigation measures to be followed as per EMP monitoring and reporting inSection 6 and the inspection sheet and formats in Annex 4 and 5.

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TABLE 5.2 EHS Mitigation Measures (CONSTRUCTION STAGE)Environmental EHS Mitigation Measures To be taken* Responsibility **Impact Implementation SupervisionGeneration of Dust Construction site to be watered periodically to minimize fugitive dust generation. WR - Site Engineer &due to construction Site contractor Dy . Chief Engineeractivity (Construction)All Earthwork and construction material should be protected in such amanner so as to minimize WR - Site Engineer &generation of dust. All dumpers should be covered by tarpaulin sheets to minimise spillage of sand Site contractor Dy . Chief Engineeran d soil. (Construction)Construction Vehicle Exhaust emissions from all construction vehicles shall adhere to vehicle emission norms. WR - Site Engineer &/equipment exhaust Site contractor Dy . Chief Engineer(Construction)Noise from vehicles, All vehicle an d construction equipment shall be fitted with exhaust silencers. Damaged silencers WR - Site Engineer &plants an d to be promptly replaced by contractor. Vehicles to be maintained an d services regularly. Site contractor Dy.. Chief Engineerequipment . (Construction)Contamination of Silt fencing shall be provided at the base of the embankment for the entire perimeter of an y water WR - Site Engineer &water bodies such as body (including wells). A documented procedure to be made by all contractors clearly prohibiting Site contractor Dy . Chief Engineerwells an d discharge/dumping of waste material into any water body. Checks on the same shall be kept as (Construction)lakes/ponds.dicag/upnofwsemtrainoaywtrbd.Cekontesmshlbekpas(otuto)pe r format given in nspection Sheet inAnnex 4Construction material containing fine particles shall be stored inan enclosure such that sediment- WR - Site Engineer &laden water does no t drain into nearby watercourses. Site contractor Dy . Chief Engineer(Construction)Siltation of soil into water bodies shall be prevented as far as possible by adapting soil erosioncontrol measures as per MoST (Ministry of Surface Transport) guidelines Site contractor WR - Site Engineer &Dy . Chief Engineer(Construction)Construction work close to water bodies shall be avoided during monsoon. Site contractor WR - Site Engineer &

Dy . Chief Engineer(Construction)Insections along water courses an d close to cross drainage channels, earth, stone or any otherconstruction material shall be properly disposed so as not to block the flow of water. Site contractor WR - Site Engineer &Dy . Chief Engineer(Construction)

* The EMP Measures given abovefor pre-constructionand construction phasesare applicable or FutureRailway Projectson this and otherroutes of WR

** A follow-up mechanism for regular monitoring of mitigation measures to be followed as per EMP monitoring and reporting -inSection 6and the inspection sheet and formats in Annex 4 and 5.

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TABLE 5.2 Cont.Environmental Impact EHS Mitigation Measures To be taken* Responsibility **Implementation SupervisionEcological impacts such as tree All works shall be carried out insuch a ashion that damage to flora isminimum WR - Site Engineercutting an d destruction of mangroves Site contractor & Dy . ChiefEngineerTrack - side plantation shall be done as pe r the Tree cutting permission from Tree WR - Site EngineerOfficer Site contractor & Dy . ChiefEngineer

Soil erosion On road/track embankments, slopes shall be stabilized. The work shall consist of WR - Site Engineermeasures as per design, or as directed by the engineer to control soil erosion, Site contractor & Dy. Chiefsedimentation an d water pollution, through use of berms, dikes, sediment basin, Engineermulches, grasses an d other devices.Debris disposal Debris generated due to dismantling of existing structures shall be suitably reused in WR - Site Engineerproposed construction. Un-utilised debris shall be suitably disposed either as fill Site contractor & Dy. Chiefmaterial or at pre-designated dump locations, approved by engineer. Care should be Engineertaken that the material does not block natural drainage or contaminate water bodies.

A clear documented procedure to be made part of the tender documents, requiringcontractors to dispose debris in ow-lying areas away from water bodies, as fill materialonly. Monitoring the same to be done by use of inspection sheet inAnnex 4 and 5Slurry or similar debris generated from pile driving or other construction activities shall WR - Site Engineerbe disposed such that itdoes not flow into surface water bodies or form mu d puddles in Site contractor & Dy. Chiefthe area. EngineerLoss of top soil Th e topsoil from all areas of cutting an d all areas to be permanently covered shall be WR - Site Engineerstripped to a specif ied depth of 150 mm and stored instockpiles. Site contractor & Dy. ChiefEngineerThe topsoil from the stockpile shall be used to cover disturbed areas an d cut slopesan d also for re-development of borrow areas, landscaping and road side plantation.Soil contamination by construction Oi l and fuel spills from construction equipment shall be minimized by good O& M WR - Site Engineerwastes, fuel etc. practices. Soils contaminated by such spills shall be disposed as per MOEF Site contractor & Dy. Chiefrequirements. I_Engineer

* The EMP MYeasuresgiven aboveforpre-constructionand construction phasesare applicableforFutureRailway Projectson this and otherroutes of WR** A follow-up mechanism for regular monitoring of mitigation measures to be followed as per EMP monitoring and reporting inSection 6 and the inspection sheet and formats in Annex 4 and 5.

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Table 5.2 Cont.Environmental Impact EHS Mitigation Measures To be taken * Responsibility **Implementation SupervisionLand degradation in quarry Sand and stones shall be sourced from only and licensed quarries. Documentation such as WR - Site Engineerarea quarry release receipt issued by the District Revenue officer at the quarry site to be available Site contractor & Dy. Chiefat construction site. EngineerHealth and hygiene at Construction labour camps shall be located away from the nearest habitation to avoid WR - Site Engineerconstruction labour camps conflicts and stress over infrastructure facilities. Site contractor & Dy. ChieHealth and hygiene at Engineerconstruction labour camps The contractor will provide, erect and maintain necessary (temporary) living accommodation WR - Site Engineerand ancillary facilities such as toilet blocks, potable water supply etc. for labour as per the Site contractor & Dy. Chiefstandards set by various labour Act. Engineer

On completion of the works, all temporary structures shall be cleared away along with all WR - Site Engineerwastes. All excreta and other disposal pits should be filled in and effectively sealed. The site Site contractor & Dy. Chieshould be left clean and tidy to the satisfaction of the engineer. EngineerDelays and congestion on The construction plan shall be discussed in advance with Western Railway Authorities to WR - Site Engineertracks avoid delays in existing train schedules. Site contractor & Dy. ChieEngineerTraffic Control and Safety The contractor shall take all necessary measures for the safety of existing train traffic during WR - Site Engineerconstruction and provide, erect and maintain such barricades, including signs, markings, Site contractor & Dy. Chiefflags, lights and flagmen as may be required by the engineer for the information and Engineerprotection of traffic. All such measures should as per requirement of Western Railway.

Special consideration shall be given in preparation of traffic control plan to the safety ofpedestrians (at railway crossings) and workers at night.* Tie EMP Measuresgiven abovefor pre-construction and construction phases are applicablefor FutureRailway Projectson this andotherroutes of KR

** A follow-up mechanism for regular monitoring of mitigation measures to be followed as per EMP monitoring and reporting inSection 6 and the inspection sheet and formats in Annex 4 and 5.

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Table 5.2 Cont.Environmental Impact EHS Mitigation Measures To be taken * Responsibility **Implementation SupervisionOccupational Health and The contractor is required to comply with all the precautions as required for the safety of WR - Site EngineerSafety workmen. Site contractor & Dy. ChiefEngineerThe contractor shall supply all necessary safety appliances such as safety goggles, helmets, WR - Site Engineer

safety belts, earplugs, masks etc. to the worker and staff. All laws related to safe scaffolding, Site contractor & Dy. Chiefladders, working plafform, gangway, stairwells, excavations, safety entry and exit etc. shall be Engineercomplied with. This requirement should be made part of the tender documentation.Adequate precautions shall be taken to prevent danger from electrical equipment. All WR - Site Engineermachines/equipment used shall confirm to the relevant Indian Standards (IS) codes and shall Site contractor & Dy. Chiefbe regularly inspected by the engineer. EngineerA readily available first aid unit including an adequate supply of sterilized dressing material WR - Site Engineerand appliances shall be provided as per the requirements under the Factory Act. Site contractor & Dy. Chief_______________________________________________________________ ____________ EngiEnineeAll anti-malarial measures as prescribed by the engineer shall be complied with, including WR - Site Engineerfilling up of burrow pits. Site contractor & Dy. ChiefEngineer* The EMPMeasuresgiven aboveforpre-constructionandconstructionphasesare applicableforFutureRailway Projectson this andotherroutesof WR** A follow-up mechanism for regular monitoring of mitigation measures to be followed as per EMP monitoring and reporting inSection 6 and the inspection sheet and formats inAnnex 4 and 5.

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TABLE 5.3 EHS MITIGATION MEASURES (OPERATION STAGE)Environmental EHS Mitigation Measures To be taken Responsibility **Impact Implementation SupervisionNoise pollution To track the benefits accrued from noise reduction WR- Dy. Chieat source from installing improved track, wheel and WR - Site Engineer Engineerother mechanism, regular noise monitoring should with contractor (Construction)be done as per monitoring plan in Table 6.Land and water Contingency plans to be inplace for spill clean-up.contamination from Contingency plan needs to be made for the entire District District Collector MMRDAaccidental spills from by the District Collector. Emergency situations will need agoods trains. combined response from many agencies and a specificplan as a part of this project isnot envisaged.Rail traffic an d safety Unauthorised building development to be checked. Slum WR- Dy . Chieencroachments to be discouraged. WR - Site Engineer Engineerwith contractor (Construction)Surveillance along railway boundary to be increased tocheck encroachment and breach of boundary wall.Loss of plantation. Regular maintenance of the mandatory track-side an d WR- Dy. Chieother plantation should be done. WR - Site Engineer Engineerwith contractor (Construction)Monitoring of plantation to be done as per format inAnnex 6.

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6.0 Environmental Monitoring and ReportingSte visits and interviews have revealed the following facts related to environmentalmanagement organisation:. In the consolidated EA report for MUTP, MRVC was reported to be the Project

Implementation Agency (PIA). However, Westem Railway (WR) is the PIA for thisproject. MRVC is the coordinating agency to facilitate communication between MMRDAand WR.

* Environmental monitoring is currently not required to be done by the contractors. Apartfrom periodic safety inspections, currentiv there is no feedback mechanism for EHSelements of the project.

6.1 Environmental Monitoring ProgramThe main objectives of a monitoring program are:* To evaluate the effectiveness of the mitigation measures during the construction and

operation phases.* To satisfy the legal and community obligations* To respond to the unanticipated environmental issues at an early stage and to verify the

accuracy of environmental impact prediction.The monitoring of R&R components is being covered separately as a part of another studyand permissions have been taken earlier for cutting of vegetation.Comprehensive periodic site inspection programs for EHS elements and a regularenvironmental monitoring program will best achieve the objectives of monitoring describedabove for this project. This is covered in Section below.

6.1.1 EMP Monitoring and Reporting during Construction Phase6.1.1.1 Environmental Monitoring

The construction of this line is complete and hence monitoring during construction phase isnot being provided. For future works, monitoring of air quality, noise levels etc. will need to bedefined based on actual location and site conditions of the project.

6.1.1.2 Monitoring of EHS mitigation measures implementationIn the context of Railway projects of MUTP, an effective inspection program will go a longway to assure implementation of various EHS mitigation measures for this project. Theprogram given here could be used for future construction activities on this line. The inspectionprogram needs to be dove-tailed into existing programs followed by WR and, the parametersfor inspection, inspection schedules etc. need to be clearly defined. The EHS parameters tobe monitored depend upon factors such as :

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* EHS components affected* Construction schedule of the project* Environmental Mitigation measures suggestedBased on the site observations, level of awareness of contractor and WR staff, the followingprogram and procedure is suggested for effective monitoring of EHS implementation at futureconstruction sites covered by MUTP:a. Monthly inspection program by WR for all project construction sites. Theinspection will be carried out by DCE (Construction) In-charge of the construction

site, or his representative. The format for inspection will be as per Annex 4. Theinspection will be carried out during the entire period of construction activityincluding before start of construction and immediately after construction iscomplete.The completed inspection checklist shall be submitted by the concemed DCE tothe Chief Engineer (WR). Correctve action plan with time frame for implementationfor any non-compliance to be also submitted.(Separate checklists need to be filled in for separate works. However, a group ofsimilar activites could be inspected using the same checklist . E.g.- Findings ofinspection of construction of station building, FOB, platform extension work at astation could be entered in the same checklist).

b. All site contractors to maintain log books and other documentation specified inAnnex 5.

c. Copy of the completed monthly inspectfon checklist should be sent by the ChiefEngineer (WR) to MMRDA every month for review. The Inspection checklist for amonth along with the corrective actfon plan, if any, shall reach MMRDA no laterthan the 1?m da y of the next month.d. MMRDA to carry out independent 3rd- party inspection of various construction sites

(the sample sites indicated in this report could be visited at a minimum) everyquarter during the constructfon activity and also after construction is completed toassess any residual environmental Impact A Project Management Consultant(PMC) should be appointed for this purpose by MMRDA. Review checklist given inAnnex 4 could be used for this purpose.

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6.1.2 EMP Monitoring and Reporting during Operation PhaseOperation phase monitoring for this project is required mainly for the following:* Ambient noise levels to determine baseline levels and track improvements accrued due toimplementation of source noise reduction. Ambient air monitoring is not suggested since

the operation will no t contribute to air pollution (Electricity driven trains). Also no impactsduring operation stage expected on water quality and soil quality.* Health an d survival rates of the compensatory and other plantation done by WR.* Monitoring of Rehabilitation and Resettlement (R&R) sites for the people displaced due tothe project. This will be done as a separate exercise no t covered in his audit report.The monitoring program suggested isgiven inTable 6 below.

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Table 6 Monitoring Program During Operation Phase.Compone Parameters Locations Duration Frequency ResponsibilityntNoise Leq (day) * At residential Continuous Once every PIA (Deputylevels and Leq location 200 m 24 hour season Chief Engineer-

(night) North of reading with (Summer, WR) throughSantacruz a frequency Winter, Post- extemalstation, facing of 10 minutes monsoon). agencythe 5t line for 2 non-tracks. (At consecutivefront of and days perbehind week for 2boundary wall) weeks.

* At residentialarea near newplatformconstructed atAndheristation

* At residentialarea behindboundary wall200 m south ofBorivalistation.

Tree As per At plantaton 6-monthly for PIA (Deputyplantaton Format in locatons 3 years. Chief Engineer-survival Annex 6. WR) throughrates. external

agency

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6.2 INSTITUTIONAL SETUPThe construction activities of the project are being implemented by WR. The existing organisationalstructure of Railways for operation phase is given below in Figure 1.

FIGURE 1.0 EXISTING ORGANISATION FRAMEWORK FOR WESTERN RAILWAY(Santacruz-Borivali 5h Line)

|World Ban MMD_ DxAec| RVtr. - Cnrtlinntinn Anpnr

Chief Engineer (WR)

Dy. ChiefEngineer(Construction)Borivali to Virar

Assistant Engineers

In the consolidated EA report for MUTP, it was envisaged that the monitoring and reportingprocess for mitigation measures during construction should initiate from the contractor at thelowest rung who will report to the Project Implementation Agency (PIA) through the ProjectManagement Consultant (PMC). PMC could be appointed for periodic 3r party review of theEHS elements for the operating stages and for construction phases of any future projects.

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6.2.1 Institutional StrengtheningFor carrying out regular inspection for the EHS elements, the WR staff needs training forappreciation of various EHS elements. The training program proposed is given in Table 7below.Table 7. Training Program for Institutional StrengtheningModule Topic and Contents Duration1 Environmental Awareness Class RoomAppreciation of Environment, Health and Safety Training of Iissues - Fundamentals of Air Pollution, Noise, dayWater Pollution, Solid and Hazardous Wastesgeneration and handling etc.2 Environmental Impact Assessment Class RoomEIA fundamentals. Consequences of adverse Training of I

environmental impacts on various ecosystems. dayTypical environmental impacts of railway projects3 Environmental Legislation Class RoomIndian Environmental Laws and their application to Training of 1/2_Railway Projects. day4 EHS Management System Class RoomComponents of EHS Management System in Training of 1/2general and as applicable to Railway projects. dayMethodology of environmental monitoring for airquality, noise etc. Site visit to anyone railwayEnvironmental monitoring and inspection programs constructionas suggested in this report should be discussed. site for

appreciation ofReview of existing tender conditions and its variousmodification to include EHS elements for better EHS environmentalmanagement. components.(1/2 day)

The training should be provided at a minimum to the following personnel:* Deputy Chief Engineers (Construction)* Westem Railway Site In-charge of various construction sites* Contractor Site In-charge of various construction sites.1 training program of 4 days as given above should be conducted every quarter to cover al lconcemed WR staff. The training program can also be integrated into the WR induction-training program.Visits to country's having similar railway projects and with established and demonstrated EHSMahagement System, including demonstrated measures for noise attenuation could be visitedby concemed officials of WR. This will help in increasing awareness with WR and improvetechnical skills for EHS management.

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6.3 Estimated Cost of EMP ImplementationAs seen in the Tables 5.1 to 5.3, several EHS elements are already induded in the currentconstruction operation. The construction phase is complete and hence construction phaseEMP costs are not applicable.Table 8 Cost of EMP ImplementationComponent Unit cost (Rs) Units Total Cost (Rs)EnvironmentalMonitoring(Operation Phase)Noise Levels (Leq 2000 per 24-hr Leq 16 samples per season x 96000day and night) (1sample) 3seasons = 48 samplesTree plantation 15000 per survey 1 survey every 6 months 90000survival rates. for 3 years = 6 surveysTraining Program 40000 per program 4 programs per year 160000*of 4 days each.Visit abroad to 200000 per person 5 persons 1000000*Railway Project sitewith demonstratedMeasures forEnvironmentalProtection andestablished EHSManagement Systemincluding noiseattenuation.Total Cost 1346000*

* Cost of Training has already been included for WR in BVQR project The staff ofWR for this 2 lines will be included under the same training program. The actualcost for EMP for Santacruz-Borivali line will be Rs. 1,86,000.

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ANNEX-1ATERMS OF REFERENCE


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MUMBAI URBAN TRANSPORT PROJECTTERMS OF REFERENCE FOR CARRYING OUT ENVORONMENTALASSESSMENT/ AUDITING OF RAILWAY PROJECTS

1 ASSIGNMENT:The purpose of this assignment is to assist Mumbai Metropolitan RegionDevelopment Authority (MMRDA) in carrying out an environimlental audit ofvarious ongoing railways projects to determine how environmental Issues. if any,can be addressed at this staae of project implementation.

2 BACKGROUND:2.1 MMRDA had appointed Montgonmery-Watson Consultanlts (India) IPvt Ltd toundertake the preparation of the Environmental Assessment (EA) for the MUTP.This EA process resulted in the preparation of Sectoral-Level EnvironmentalAssessment (SLEA), Programmatic Level Environmental Assessiment (PLEA)

and Micro-Level Environmental Assessment (MLEA) The SLEA was a strategicdocument, the PLEAs were prepared for small generic sub-projects like flyovers.ROBs and RUBs while MLEAs were prepared for larger sub-projects like roadwideening and extenisionis This study was undertaken between 1996 and 1998and resulteCd In several outp)uts including a syntlhesized final epoit2 2 Consequently, almost all of these railway projects except DC to AC conversionhave been started and are in varying stages of implementation As thecoInstruction work of the project is already underway coIIsullants slhould assess

the cUrrent and residual requiremenits of environmiiiental manlagement practiceEnvironimental Studies, whict have been carried oult for railway projects, are asundera) Report of MLEA of Borivali-Virar Quadrupling prepared by Montgomery-Watson Consultants (India) Pvt. Ltd in 1998,b) Report of Initial Environmental Examination for Thane- Kurla 5th and 6th linesprepared by MMRDA in 2000-01.The Consultant should use these reports as the basis to carry out the proposedenvironmental audit

2 3 Somie of the projects may also involve construGtion in aieas. wlhichi are classifiedas restricted areas unfder Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Rules H-lence,permiission needs to be obtained under CR Z FRules fromil thie Ministry ofEiviroinilent and Forests. Governimlenit of Ildia for SUCIl projectS


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MUMBAI URBAN TRANSPORT PROJECTTERMS OF REFERENCE FOR CARRYING OUT ENVORONMENTALASSESSMENT/ AUDITING OF RAILWAY PROJECTS

I ASSIGNMENT:Th e purpose of this assignm1ent is to assist Mumbai Metropolitan RegionDevelopment Authority (MMRDA) in carrying Out an environmental audit ofvarious ongoing railways projects to determine ho w environmental Issues, if any.can be addressed at this stage of project implementation.

2 BACKGROUND:2 1 MMRDA had appointed Montgomery-Watson Consultantis (India) l vt Ltd toulidertake the preparation of the Environmental Assessment (EA) for the MUTPThis EA process resulted in the preparation of Sectoral-Level EnvironmentalAssessment (SLEA). Programmatic Level Environmental Assessmelnt (PLEA)and Micro-Level Environmental Assessment (MLEA) Tlhe SLEA was a strategicdocument, the PLEAs were prepared for small generic sub-piojects like flyovers.

ROBs and RUBs while MLEAs were prepared for larger sub-projects like roadwicdenin1g and extensionis This study was undertaken between 1996 and 1998and ICcsullCd in several outputs includinig a syntlesized final i epolt2 2 Consequently, almost all of these railway projects except DC to AC conversionhiave been started and are in varying stages of implementntion As tIheconistiuctioni work of the project is already underway consultalits sh ouldl assessthe currenit and residual requirenienits of enviionimental management practice'Enviionnmental stLidies, whichi lhave been carried out for railway projects. are as

undera) Report of MLEA of Borivali-Virar Quadrupling prepared by Montgomery-

Watson Consultants (India) Pvt Ltd in 1998.b) Report of Initial Environmental Examination for Thane- Kurla 5th and 6th linesprepared by MMRDA in 2000-01.The Consultant should use these reports as thie basis to carry out thie proposedenvironmental audit

2 3 Som1e of the projects m1ay also involve coristruGlior) In areas, which are classifiedas restricted areas un1der Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Rules I-fence,perinission needs to be obtained under CRZ FPules from tire Ministry ofEiivironment and Forests. Government of Indis foI SUCIn proJeCts


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Assessnicut has not Iben cairied out for this project as unider the scrcereeing ofMUTP carried otit by Montigomlery Watson, it was placed in the category ofsu)bproject w;thl possibly negligible un pacts on the environmilent3 2 2 hlle puIpose of the Audit will be to

- asscss teic status of enviroririiental liznpacts duringl onigoil(Colnstitictior0 ar rIopet atio!n

- assess wNiletlir aiiy environimilental miiitigation imeasuLres are e(ltiireid basedon the on- golilg and comipleted worksOUtlin1e enviroinmienital rnitigation measures for planned works if requiredCdocuIMent l^ssons that can be useful for future projects

LSuggest MiltigalIon m1easures for environimilental impacts on the mllarine watelquality, water flow due to construction of bridges and othier possible impactsas identified in the MLEA reporl of Borivali-Virar Quadrupling projectprepared by Montgomery Watson Consultants, Munmbai

.' :.3 *rlie detailed scope of woIk will be as followsTask 1: Pr eviouis oitap)it arl(l stti(iiesI1le conl0staLINlt s' oiol1l alaniiliatize hliiiiself with

- MLEA report of Borivali-Virar Quadrupling project prepared by MontgomeryWatson Consu'm.AaWts, Mumnbai- Final report on Environmental Assessmerit for the MUTP project prepared byMontgo iney Watson Consultants. Murimbam- Project Design/Enigineering and Techno-economic Feasibility Reportsprepared by MRVC.

Task 2: Assessment of ImpactsConsultanl sho-ld undertake site visits to Construction and Operationsites to chleck whether any significant impacts on the air, noise andecolo,:ical envi onmenit, have occurred, if any due to the alreadycomi,;c ted works-Co r .-.:;r: shoijlcd identify significant envircnmental impacts dLue to 6ni-goin( anca i).oo)csed activities, if any,CCorII-ltcat shouuld develop a matrix of poss'Ie envtionmierntal impactsarid 'ssues for assessment of the cumulati%.e impacts due to ongoirigcons t: uctioi anrd operation activities


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AssessmIcerit lias not l)ben camiied out for this project aS Under th1e screenillng ofMUTP carnted out by Monitgomiiery Watson, it wa s placed in the category ofsubproject w;thi possibly negligible unipacts on the environmilent3 2 2 1 hle pLi pose of tlie Audit will be to

- assess tIic status of ciiviioninilenital imlpacts (ILJIiig oriqoilr(; (C.tnStri0o am etopei ati o!

- assess whiethier any environmental mnitigation miieasures are we(qitirecd basedon the ongoing and coimpleted works

- Outline environillenital mitigationi mieasures for planned works if required- docuLiveii llcosos tllat can be useful for futLire projects- Suggest miltKi1ation mieasures for enviroiinmental inipacts on the mlarine waterquality, watCl flow due to construction of bridges and othier possible 1impactsas identilfed in the MLEA reporl of Borivali-Virar Quadrupling projectprepared by Montigomery Watson Consultants, Munmbai

2 :3 The detailed scope of woik will be as followsTask 1: Pre; iOIIS oultiht anrd st i(liesIhe cOIISLilhif1t s'Iould familiarize liiiiiself wvith

- MLEA report of Borivali-Virar Quadrupling project prepared by MontgomaeryWatson Co.su':amits, Munmbam

- Final ret Slt ole Environmental Assessmaerit for the MUTP project prepared byMontgo riery Watson Consultanits, Mumbai

- Project Design/Enginieering and Techno-econornic Feasibility Reportsprepared by MRVC

Task 2: Assessnient of ImpactsCIComIsultani slhojld undertake site visits to Constructioni arid Operationsites to chleck whether any significant impacts on the air, noise andecoloiical envioniment. have occurred, if any due to the alreadycoii:;c ted %vorksCon,.,;;tan: slioi Id idenitify significant envirormiental impacts dLIe to on -goin( ancli propcsed activities, if aniConn;wlt,Inl sliuuld develop a matrix of posslt!e environiiienital impacts* nd ssues for assessment of the cumulat . e impacts due to ongolingcons t: ctili and operation activities


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sulg9e ;t (!Ivii iicllial m1itigallon niieastires for planlnied ViOlKs. if aiiy asdelinclte(l in tIhe IFS iepoit as well as based on the MLEA repoil of BoDtvall-V1i.1a 01Qil(1 Iiidi'iliili ct'(11 epale d by Mol)toolli\ly W;at'.4m (,o i';i il-,;f,it;

I Ie detailcd scope of woi k will be as followsTask 1 : Previous output anid studiesTI'he consultant shoLild famliliarize hIimiself witlh- Initial Environmental Assessment Report prepared bv MMRDA and MRVC- MLEA iepoit of Bomivali-VWiar QuaCilupling project prepaied by lorollgomery

Watson Consultants, Mumbai- Final iepoit on lEnvironmental Assessmicnt for the MUITP project pilepalCd by

Montgonllely Watson Conesultants, Mumitbai- Project Design/Enigineerincg and Techno-economilc Fren-ibllty Reports

prepaiedcl by MPRVCTask 2: Assessmilenit of Impacts

Consultant shiould undertake site visits to Construction arid Operationsites to clheck whethler any significant impacts on tI-E' air, noise andecological environimienit, iave occurred, if any due to flhe alreadycoiiipletecl woiks

1Consultallt should identify significant environmental impacts dLie to on-4o9ing and lpioposeCd activities. if anyCConsultant sliould develop a matrix of possible environmilenital imlpactsand Issues for assessment the cuMIulative impacts due to ongoingconstiuction and operation activilties.

Task 3: Enviroiinienital Mitigation MeasuresConsultant should undertake visits to Construction and Operation sites toidentify if any environmental mitigation measures are recquired based onconm,pletecl an d planned works and delineate environniental mzlanagcmenitplan fol- tillIs puipose. An EMP matrix giving t[e environmental11mpactsS/ssUes. -thie mitigation measures, the impienlentatior andsupeivision authlority for tIe EMiP (whIicth inay e t.o dil'ere1nt ageicies),and the cost iiplications for each mitigationi miieasure s1o.ld be pl ovidedThe l-MI's an d their imiiplemlentation plans shIould )e pmepaled in(:oisuIllatiol ar 1( d aq lceiCllet withl thl MRPVC .r1(id ti1(, . (1 rh d


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stiggjel et iviionnieital imitigation miieasures for planned V,OIK-s, if aiiy asdIclihncte( in lhe IES iIp)oit as well as based on the MLEA iepoit of l3Drivali-Viill; Quld,IIIII !I pol'o(ct ptlep.iled by Moitqolliely W:11.'il Coii'.t11t11il';.M~UM?bai

II e detailed scol)e of woi k will he as followsTask 1: Previous output anid studiesIlhe consultant shIould familiarize Ihimself with- Initial Environmrental Assessment Report prepared bv MMRDA qnd MRVC- MLEA icpoit of Bo r ivali-Vuiar Quadiup[lilg project prepaied i y Monltigoliely

Watson Consulltants, Muimbai- Final iepoit on l-nvironiunental Assessiment for Ille MUI'P project pi epaied b)y

Montgonllcy Watson Consultants, Mumbai- Pr oject Design/Enginee riig and Techinio-econorlic f:e.,silility Reportspreparedcl by MRVCTask 2 : Assessimcint of Impacts

Consultant slhould undertake site visits to ConstruCtion arid Operationsites to chieck whetlher any significant impacts on thE air, noise anidecological environment, lave occurred, if any dire to the alreadycorpletecd worksConsultant should identify significant environmental imprincts dLue to on -oiirg and pi oposcd activilies, ifany

IConsullanit slhould develop a m1atrix of possib'e environmental imlpactsand Issues for assessmient the cum1ulative Iimpacts rlnLe to onigoingconstiuction and operation activities.

Task 3: Envirotinierital Mitigation Measures- Consultant should undertake visits to Construction and Operation sites toidentify if any environmental mitigation measures are reFquired based oncomiipletecd and planned works and delineate environmental mnragellientplall fol tIlIs pir pose An EMP mzatrix giving tte environmental

inpacts/issues, -the mnitigation measures, the impieillentation andsupeIvisioll autthoity for tI,e EMP (which may 'e two cil'i elut age.rcles),and tle cost irmiplications for eacth mllitigation nieaSLure slhouild hcE pr ovicded

- TThe EMPs andcl their iiiplermienitation plans should Ibe prepared In(onscillatiir arIl( anclieinil,nt withl tl)e MR\./(; aId( tiii' ,I I,(II(Cii(lSIJ(jCi ii i 's


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Task 2 Assessmicint of Impacts- Consultant should undeitake visits to the proposed sub-station sites to clieckwhiellter an y significanit impacts during constiuction and opeiation especiallyon ecological environmienit, would occur, if an y due to the proposed activities

Sonie of the impacts likely to occur relate to construction works. accessroads, ImIpact on suLioUlndilng flora and fauna, and imiact oni thc coastalecology (CRZ violation)

- Consultant shouild identify impacts during construction due to laying ofundergrouLid cables for replacement of L T. overhiead lines- Consultants should identify whether the DC transformers to be replacedcontain l'oly Chloiinated 3i-plienyls (PCB3s) anllll( diqlit the 1nii ipa(. ofdisposal of old DC tiansforimers,- Consultants slIoLild review the Project Design Report and EnviionmentalAssessmienit Report prepaied by M/s Rl-l ES and identify imipacts oii air,noise -and ecological environlmenit due to various othier activities of theproject

Task 3: Environmiental Mitigation Measures- Consultant shlould identify measures durnglg construction anld Operation, ifaiiy reqilleed to mitigate eiiviroiniienital impacts anrd delineate ilviiorio nmidllmariagemerit plan for this purpose- Consultant should identify ilitigation measures for minimiiizinig thie impacts ofold DC tiansforniefs and delineate EMP incorporatinig thle n easures for safedisposal of old tianisformers, arid prepare a PCB mianiagenietit plan in casePCBs are likely to be found in old transforniers- Th e EIVIPs aiid tIlicir iniipleniientationi plans shoul e prepared iii GOiISilS1iato101and agreemient with the MRVC and other concerned agencies

Task 4: Environmenital Assessment Report- Prepare an Environimlental Assessment report based on the above tasks

4 DOCUMENTS:r:ie coosultants shIould review the following documenits

Final ieport on Eiivironiental Assessmaerit for the M1UTP project plepared byMontgloiielry Watsoni Co n sultants.lunibaiii Project Design Report for Borivali-Virar Quadrup',ng. Santacruz-Borivall 5tilline, Klula-Tlharie 5thi and 6th lines and DC to AC conversionl piolectspiepar ecl by MRVC


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Task 4: Enviroinmental Assessment ReportPrepare Environmental Audit report for the present exercise based on theabove tasks

3.4 To perforn Environmenital Assessment of DC to AC Traction ConversionProject (1500 V DC to 25000 V AC)3.4.1 The MRVC has proposed to undertake the conversion of DC to AC Tractioni so

that the sub-urban trains in Mumnbai would be converted to traction of 25000 VAC from the present 1500 V DC. Th e project would involve the provision of 18DC sub-stations (5 substationis on Western Railway and 13 sub-stations onCentral Railway) in place of existing 69 DC suib-slalions Jlle delailedFnviio0ni enlal Assessmtenit was not carried out as ni1rderlC ret rii(:(i j ol MLJ icarried out by Montigomiiery Watson, it was identified to have least impacts on theenvironm1enit. M/s RITES as a part of feasibility study have identified variousenvironmental benefits of the project. The project will have 10 to 15 %Yo lowerconsumption of energy and lesser use of insulation materials such as copper andAluminum whichi would have least impact on environment as compared to DCtraction/ disposal of old DC transformers.3.4.2 The objectives of the environm1ental assessment will be to

-assess whiether any activity of tihe project will have imnpacts on theenvironimaenit such as construction of sub-stations withinl coastal

Documents

Environment Audit 5th Line