ENVIRONMENT-IMMIDIATE SURROUNDINGS IN WHICH MAN LIVES.

- IT HAS LIVING & NON LIVING THINGS THAT SUPPORT LIFE & SUSTAIN VARIOUS HUMAN ACIVITIES

- COVERS ALL PHYSICAL ,CHEMICAL,BIOLOGICAL & SOCIAL PROCESSES WHICH PRODUCES SOLID EFFECT ON HUMAN BEINGS.- HUMAN BEING ALSO AFFECTS QUALITY OF ENVIRONMENT

- IT IS RELATED WITH ECOLOGY.

-

ENVIRONMENT HAVE FOLLOWING FOUR SEGMENTS.- 1. LITHO SPHERE ( HARD SURFACE OF

THE EARTH)

- 2. HYDROSHPERE ( WATER ON EARTH’S SURFACE)

- 3. ATMOSPHERE (AIR SURROUNDINGS THE EARTH )

- 4. BIOSPHERE ( COMPOSED OF ALL LIVING ORGANISM )

ATMOSPHERE N2 – 78.1 , O2 – 20.9 , TRACE GASES – 1 LAYERS OF ATMOSPHERE.

- TROPOSPHERE – LOWEST LAYER OF ATMOS.

IN WHICH LIVING ORGANISMS OPERATE.

EXTENDS FROM THE EARTH’S SURFACE TO AN AVERAGE OF 12 KM.

TROPOSPHERE ENDS AT A POINT WHERE TEMP. NOT LARGLY VARIES WITH HEIGHT

ENOUGH O2 IS AVAILABLE FOR SURVIVAL.

STRATOSPHERE THIS REGION BEGINS AT A HEIGHT OF 12 KMS UPTO 50 KMs.- IN LOWER REGION TEMP. IS -57

CENTI- THEN INCREASE IT WITH HEIGHT

BECOS OF INCREASE IN OZONE.- IT FORMS AN UMBRELLA CALLED AN OZONE UMBRELLA .

CONT.

IT ABSORBS THE U V RADIATION FROM THE SUN IT SERVES AS A BLANKET IN

REDUCING THE COOLING RATE OF EARTH .

SO EQULBRIUM BETWEEN OZONE AND REST OF THE AIR IS IMP. FACTOR OF THE ENVIRONMENT.

MESOSPHERE

IT EXTENDS TO 85 KMs OF HEIGHT.

THE TEMP. FALLS TO -95 DEG. CENTI.

THERMOSPHERE

IT BEGINS AT A HEIGHT OF 86 KM. AND EXTENDS UPTO 500 KMs.

THE TEMP. IS MORE THAN MESOSPHERE.

ECOLOGY

THE WORD IS DERIVED FROM TWOGREAK WORDS OIKOS & LOGOSOIKOS means HOUSE/PLACE OF

LIVINGLOGOS means STUDY ECOLOGY means STUDY of LIVING

ORGANISMS AT HOUSE .MEANS

Cont.

IT IS A STUDY OF ORGANISMS in

RELATION TO THEIR ENVIRONMENT

ECOSYSTEM IT IS A NATURAL FUNCTIONAL

ECOLOGICAL UNIT HAVING LIVING ORGANISMS & THEIR NON LIVING ENVIRONMENT THAT INTERECT TO FORM A STABLE SELF SUPPORTING SYSTEM.

POND,LAKE,DESERT,GRASS LAND, FOREST ARE EXAMPLE.

ECOSYSTEM FIG

Abiotic component biotic compo. climatic edophic producer rain soi l consumer light minarals decomp osers wind topographyTemp.

Basic nutrition link in an Ecosys.

GRASS RABBIT FOX WOLF TIGER

DEATH

INORGANIC DECOMPOSERS SUBSTANCES

EACH ECO SYS HAS TWO COMPONENT

ABIOTIC : INCLUDES RAIN ,TEMP.,LIGHT,WIND,HUMIDITY.

BIOTIC : INCLUDES PLANTS, ANIMALS,MICRO ORGANISM .

ON THE BASIS OF THEIR ROLE IN A ECOSYS. THE BIOTIC ARE CLSSIFIED AS

PRODUCERS

WITH SOLAR ENERGY PLANTS PRODUCES CARBOHYDRATES USING WASTE & CO2.

THE PROCESS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS PLANTS PRODUCE OWN FOOD SO

THEY ARE KNOWN AS AUTOTROPHOS.

CONSUMERS

ANIMALS ALL UNABLE TO PRODUCE THEIR OWN FOOD.

THEY DEPENDS ON PRODUCERS .

SO THEY ALL KNOWN AS CONSUMERS

REDUCER BACTERIA & FUNGI BELONGS TO THIS

CLASS. THEY DECOMPOSES THE DEAD

ORGANIC MATERIALS OF PRODUCER & CONSUMERS FOR THEIR

FOOD . THEY REALSE SIMPLE INORGANIC &

ORGANIC SUBSTANCES IN THE ENVIROMENT.

CYCLE

THESE SIMPLE SUBSTANCES ARE REUSED BY

PRODUCERS RESULTING IN A CYCLIC EXCHANGE OF MATERIALS BETWEEN BIOTIC & ABIOTIC .

GLOBAL ENIVIRONMENT PROBLEMS & SOLUTIONS GLOBAL WARMING & GREEN HOUSE EFFECT

:-THE TEMP. OF EARTH’s SURFACE IS THE ENERGY BALANCE BETWEEN THE HEAT

REACHING THE EARTH & RADIATED BACK INTO SPACE.

- DUE TO HEAVY USE OF FUEL RESULTED IN RISE IN CONCENTRATION OF GREEN HOUSE GASE LIKE CO2,CH4,OZON &WATER VAPOUR .

CONT. THESE GREEN HOUSE GASES IN

LOWER LEVEL OF ATMOSPHERE ACT LIKE THE GLASS OF GREEN HOUSE .

THEY ARE TRANSPARENT TO THE NEAR INFRARED RAYS (SHORT WAVE LEN.) BUT ARE OPAQUE TO THE HEAT RADIATED BY THE HEATED EARTH ( LONGER WAVE LEN.) & TRAP THEM.

CONT. NOT ALLOW SOLAR RAYS TO ESCAPE

INTO OUTER SPACE SO GREEN HOUSE GASES ADD TO THE HEAT THAT IS ALREADY PRESENT ON TO THE Earth's SURFACE .

THIS RESULT IN AN INCREASE IN TEMP. AND IS KNOWN AS

G R E E N H O U S E E F F E C T .ON GLOBAL SCALE THIS EFFECT IS KNOWN

AS G L O B A L W A R M I N G

GREEN HOUSE EFFECT MELTING OF THE ICE MASSES IN THE

ARCTIC AND ANTRARCTICA REGIONS, RISING OF THE SEA LEVEL.

SUBMERGE OF MANY LOW LEVEL COASTAL AREAS.

FLOODING OF THE COASTAL AREAS WILL CAUSE MASSIVE SOIL EROSION AND SILTATION ALSO WATER BORN DEASES.

IN TEMP. REGIONS THE SUMMER WILL BE LONGER AND HOTTER,WINTER WILL BE SHORTER AND WARMER (INDIA)

DRY SUB TROPICAL REGION MAY BECOME DRIER AND THE TROPICAL REGIONS MAY BECOME WATTER.

DUE TO CO2 NUTRITION OF SOIL DECRESES.

RAIN FALL DISTURBANCE OCUR

SOLUTIONS DEPENDENCE OF FOSSIL FUEL NEED

TO BE REDUCED . ENCOURAGING THE USE OF NON-

CONVENTIONAL SOURCES OF ENERGY LIKE SOLAR ENERGY,BIO GAS ,WIND AND HYDRO POWER.

REFORESTATION SHOULD BE ENCOURAGED , REDUCE CO2 CONCENTRATION.

ACID RAIN

TAJ MAHAL ,AGRA IS BEING ATTECKED BY ACID RAIN .

OTHER MONUMENTS IN DELHI ,CALCUTTA,ORISA AURANGABAD ARE ALSO EFFECTED BY ACIDIC RAIN.

DEPLETION OF THE OZONE LAYER

A LAYER OF OZONE ABUT 20-25 KMs. IS PRESENT IN THE ATMOSPHERE IN VERY SMALL QUANTITIES.

THE HIGHEST CONCENTRATION IS BEING AT HIGH ALTITUDES ,FORMED BY THE REACTION OF ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION AND PREVENTS THEM FROM REACHING THE SURFACE OF EARTH.

CONT.

THIS OZONE LAYER SERVES AS A SHIELD ,PROTECTING THE LIFE ON THE EARTH FROM THE HARMFUL EFFECT OF THE ULTRAVIOLET RADIATIONS FOUND IN THE SUN’S RADIATION.

EFFECT OF DEPLETION

RISE INCASES OF SKIN CANCER . REDUCE RESISTANCE POWER EYE EFFECTED . SHORTER LIFE OF PAINTS AND

PLASTICS . CROP DEMAGE. DISTURBS AQUATIC LIFE .(SEA)

EFFECT of O3 ON HUMAN CONCENTRATION EFFECT(PPM)0.2 - NO ADVERSE EFFECT.0.3 - NOSE AND THROAT ERRITATION.1.0 TO 3.0 EXTREME FATIGUE AFTER 2

HRS.9.0 – SEVERE EFFECT .

ગુ�જરા�તના� કા�થા� વિ સ્ત્તા�રા�માં�� દરિરાયો� દરા રાસે� ધૂ� ના� ધૂ� ભયો�નાકા બના� રાહ્રો� છે� .- છે� લ્લા� 3 રાસે માં� સે� રાત ,ના સે�રા�, લાસે�ડ અના� દમાંણૅ& ના�

દરિરાયો� આગુળ ધૂસે� આ �ના� બના� �ખુ�બ જ ધ્યો� છે� .- આગુ�હી� એ � છે� કા� 1956 જ� � દ� કા�ળ પડશે� .- રાસે 2007 માં� અમાં� રા�કા�ના� ઘણૅ� રા�જ્યો�માં� ત�પમાં�ના 4

ડ�ગ્રી� ફે� રા� ના ધૂ�રા� થાયો� .- અમાં� રા�કા�માં� 1999 થા� 2002 ત�વ્ર દ� કા�ળ પડ�લા�.

ગ્લા�બલા �મિમાંગુ ના� ભયો�નાકાત�

રાસે 2006 માં� દ� ના�યો�ના� જ� ગુલા�માં�1 લા�ખુ આગુ ના� કા�સ્સે� ના�ધૂ�યો�

2006 – અમાં� રા�કા� માં� કા� ટરિરાના� � �જો� ડ� . એકા અના�માં�ના માં�જબ 21 માં� સેદ�માં� યો� રા�પના� સેરા� રા�શે ત�પમાં�ના 5 ડ�ગ્રી� ફે� . ઉચુ� જસે� જ�થા� ત્યા� અના� કા આફેત�

સેરાજોસે� .Who ના� અહી� �લા માં�જબ ગ્લા�બલા �રામિમાંગુ� ના� કા�રાણૅ� �શ્વમાં�

દરા રાસે� 50 લા�ખુ જ�ટલા� ધૂ�રા� માં�� દગુ�ઓ ફે� લા�યો છે� . - ગ્લા�બલા �રામિમાંગુ� ના� કા�રાણૅ� ખુ� ત� ઊપજ પરા ખુરા�બ અસેરા

થાસે� .

ત�. 22/08/09 ના� બના� �

ફે�લા�પ�ઇં� ન્સના� રા�જધૂ�ના� માંના�લા� માં� ભ�રા� રાસે�દથા� પ� રા .

ગ્રી�સેના� એકા ગુ�માંમાં� ભ�રા� આગુથા� આખુ� ગુ�માંખુ�લા� કારા� �યો� અના� એથા� �સે સે� ધૂ� આગુ પ�હીચુ� .

- કા� ના� ડ� ના� અ� ત�રા�યો� ( ટ�રા� �ટ�) માં� ટ�રાના� ડ� � �જો� ડ� થા� ત�રા�જી.

ત�. 23/8/09

માં�. ગુ�ણૅ � ત શે�હી ના� લા�ખુ માં�જબ ગ્લા�બલા �માં�Oગુ અસેરા ઓછે� કારા �ના� એકા ઉપ�યો

સે�કા�હી�રા� બના�. ( દ�. ભ�. રાવિ �રા પ� ત�O )