Upload
skyler-shipler
View
221
Download
3
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Enterprise Architecture & IT Infrastructure:
An Evolving Art and Science to Bridge
Business and ITVision and Reality
Minder Chen, Ph.D.CSU Channel Islands
Martin V. Smith School of Business and [email protected]
EA and IT Infrastructure - 2 © Minder Chen, 1995-2011
Big Picture
Business Strategy
Business Processes
IT Strategy
Business Capabilities
IT Solutions
Approach:
Cost/Value Analysis
Focus: Governance Portfolio Architecture Sourcing
Need: Resilience, Flexibility, Opportunism
Drivers: People, Process, Information, Relationships
Focus: “Processized” Analysis – Vocabulary Metrics
Context
EA and IT Infrastructure - 3 © Minder Chen, 1995-2011
BSP: Business Systems Planning
Requirements Acquisition Stewardship Disposition
Resource Lifecycle
Planning Control
EA and IT Infrastructure - 4 © Minder Chen, 1995-2011
Resource Life Cycle
Planning AcquisitionStewardship
(Control, Usage)Disposal
Summary Data
Planning data
Transaction data
Transaction data
EA and IT Infrastructure - 5 © Minder Chen, 1995-2011
Four-Stage Life Cycle of Functions to Support Products and Services of an Organization
4-Stage LC Planning AcquisitionStewardship Disposal
Data generated
Planning data (Create)
Transaction data (Create)
Transaction data (R, U)
Transaction data (Delete)
MaterialMaterial
req. planning Procurement Warehousing & inventory control Selling
EducationCurriculum
planningCourse
sched. & enroll. Performance & grad. checking
Student graduation
People Human res. planning Recruiting Training
Promotion Eval. Retirement Termination
Equipment Capacity planning
Equipment
purchaseMaintenance
and repairEquipment
disposal
EA and IT Infrastructure - 6 © Minder Chen, 1995-2011
Zackman Framework
Source: http://www.zifa.com/framework.pdf
EA and IT Infrastructure - 7 © Minder Chen, 1995-2011
Methodology Lifecycle
Source: IBM Component Business Model
Via Heap Map
EA and IT Infrastructure - 8 © Minder Chen, 1995-2011
Component Business Model
Dynamic capability Dynamic capability is defined as “the firm’s ability to integrate, build, and reconfigure internal and external competences to address rapidly changing environments”. The basic assumption of the dynamic capabilities framework is that today’s fast changing markets force firms to respond quickly and to be innovative.
Agile, sense and respond, reconfiguration, modularization
EA and IT Infrastructure - 9 © Minder Chen, 1995-2011
The 5 Dimensions of a Business Component
• IBM Component Business Model
Resource-Based ViewDaft (1983) says: "...firm resources include all assets, capabilities, organizational processes, firm attributes, information, knowledge, etc; controlled by a firm that enable the firm to conceive of and implement strategies that improve its efficiency and effectiveness.“
EA and IT Infrastructure - 10 © Minder Chen, 1995-2011
Heat Map
EA and IT Infrastructure - 11 © Minder Chen, 1995-2011
IT Infrastructure
• “The hardware, software, and telecommunication/ networking systems or equipment together provide the underlying foundation to support the organization’s goals.”
EA and IT Infrastructure - 12 © Minder Chen, 1995-2011
IT Infrastructure
• Cost allocation
Source: CISR Working Paper #329
EA and IT Infrastructure - 13 © Minder Chen, 1995-2011
EA and IT Infrastructure - 14 © Minder Chen, 1995-2011
Stages in IT Infrastructure Evolution
Mainframe/Mini Computers
Personal Computer
Client/Sever Computing
Internet computing/Web-based enterprise applications
Cloud Computing / Mobile computing
60~70s
80s
90s
Late 90s~
Mid 2000s~
EA and IT Infrastructure - 15 © Minder Chen, 1995-2011
Web-based IT Infrastructure
HTTP
TCP/IP
WWW
Internet
Run dynamicbusiness logic components
Software Applications
DBMSBrowsers
UserInterface
DataProcess
App.
EA and IT Infrastructure - 16 © Minder Chen, 1995-2011
Mobile Device
EA and IT Infrastructure - 17 © Minder Chen, 1995-2011
Mobile Computing
Source: 2011/9/28
EA and IT Infrastructure - 18 © Minder Chen, 1995-2011
Technology drivers of infrastructure evolution
• Moore’s law and micro-processing power Computing power doubles every 18 months/2 years Nanotechnology: May shrink size of transistors to width
of several atoms Contrary factors: Heat dissipation needs, power
consumption concerns
• Law of Mass Digital Storage The amount of data being stored each year doubles
• Metcalfe’s Law and network economics Value or power of a network grows exponentially as a
function of the number of network members As network members increase, more people want to use it
(demand for network access increases)
http://www.emc.com/collateral/demos/microsites/idc-digital-universe/iview.htm
EA and IT Infrastructure - 19 © Minder Chen, 1995-2011
Advancing Rates of Technology (Silicon, Storage, Telecom)
Smaller & faster & cheaper
EA and IT Infrastructure - 20 © Minder Chen, 1995-2011
Data Volume 210 =1028
EA and IT Infrastructure - 21 © Minder Chen, 1995-2011
EA and IT Infrastructure - 22 © Minder Chen, 1995-2011
Th
e In
tern
et o
f T
hin
gs
EA and IT Infrastructure - 23 © Minder Chen, 1995-2011
EA and IT Infrastructure - 24 © Minder Chen, 1995-2011
CPM: cost per thousand page impressions.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost_per_impression
EA and IT Infrastructure - 25 © Minder Chen, 1995-2011
Platform Continuum
• Bring your own machines, connectivity, software, etc.
• Complete control• Complete
responsibility• Static capabilities• Upfront capital costs
for the infrastructure
• Renting machines, connectivity, software
• Less control• Fewer
responsibilities• Lower capital costs • More flexible• Pay for fixed
capacity, even if idle
• Shared, multi-tenant infrastructure
• Virtualized & dynamic• Scalable & available• Abstracted from the
infrastructure• Higher-level services• Pay as you go
On-PremisesServers
Hosted
Servers
Cloud Platform
EA and IT Infrastructure - 26 © Minder Chen, 1995-2011
http://aws.amazon.com/
http://www.salesforce.com/
PaaS
Software as a service (SaaS)
Google AppEngine
Amazon's EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud)
EA and IT Infrastructure - 27 © Minder Chen, 1995-2011
Definition of Cloud Computing
• The NIST definition of cloud computing:
Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.
• The ability for end users to utilize parts of bulk resources and that these resources.
EA and IT Infrastructure - 28 © Minder Chen, 1995-2011
Characteristics of Cloud Services
NIST identifies several characteristics for a service to be considered “Cloud”:
• On-demand self-service: The ability for an end user to sign up and receive services without the long delays that have characterized traditional IT.
• Broad network access: Ability to access the service via standard platforms (desktop, laptop, mobile etc).
• Resource pooling: Resources are pooled across multiple customers.
• Rapid elasticity: Capability can scale to cope with demand peaks.
• Measured Service: Billing is metered and delivered as a utility service can be acquired quickly and easily.
http://resources.idgenterprise.com/original/AST-0032300_Understanding_the_Cloud_Computing_Stack.pdf
EA and IT Infrastructure - 29 © Minder Chen, 1995-2011
EA and IT Infrastructure - 30 © Minder Chen, 1995-2011
Characteristics of Architecture Stages