Ensuring increased runway throughput with advanced parallel … Meetings Seminars and... · 2017-10-10 · Ensuring increased runway throughput with advanced parallel runway operations

Ensuring increased runway throughput with

advanced parallel runway operations and

enhanced wake turbulence categories operations

ICAO ATMGE/24 Symposium, Yerevan, Armenia

Frédéric ROOSELEER

28th September 2017

Runway Capacity Challenges and Throughput Enhancement

Solutions RECAT-EU:

6 wake categories

Time-Based

Separation

RECAT-EU-PWS:

pairwise separation ICAO

PANS-ATM

Revision of separation

standards

Separation function of

weather conditions

Enhanced arrival

procedures

2 ICAO ATMGE/24 – Runway Throughput Solutions and Wake RECAT

How could we enhance

runway throughput in

peak time?

Weather-Dependant

Separation

CSPR - WIDAO

Local separation

optimisation

Summer 2035

CSPR Wake Independent Departure and Arrival Operations (WIDAO)

at Paris-CDG

5

In operations since 2011

Maximum negative stagger offset of

600m between departures and landings

for CSPR separated by 384m

Safety assessment based on local

wake, traffic and MET data ICAO ATMGE/24 – Runway Throughput Solutions and Wake RECAT

RECAT-EU Aircraft Categorisation

E145

B763 A346

A380

Heavy

Medium

Light

“Super”

UPPER

(CAT-B) LOWER

(CAT-C) A332

LJ25 4

Clustering

ICAO ATMGE/24 – Runway Throughput Solutions and Wake RECAT

RECAT-EU Aircraft Categorisation

E145

B763 A346

A380

Medium

Light

“Super”

CAT-B

CAT-C

B752

UPPER

(CAT-D)

LOWER

(CAT-E)

A332

LJ25 5

Clustering


RECAT Principles – Wake Generation

5 NM

If this is safe…

… this can be reduced (due to over-conservatism)


Simulation by UCL

RECAT Principles – Wake Resistance

5 NM

If this is safe…

… this can be reduced (due to over-conservatism)


Simulation by UCL

Separation based on a more efficient 6 wake category scheme

(European Wake Re-categorisation - RECAT-EU)


Wake Turbulence Safety Risk Assessment

9

WT

Severity

Metric

Follower aircraft

wake resistance

b

Vapp

Generator aircraft

vortex decay

Measurements Modelling

100,000+ wake tracks

at LHR and check with DXB

WVE Flight test

900 flight sim runs of

wake encounters

100+ hours flight test

of wake encounters

calibration


MVI_3991.AVI

RMC_06_max_acceptable_cutoff.wmv

RECAT-EU

proposal & safety

case

Stakeholders

Consultation

EASA

review

RECAT-EU final

proposal & safety

case

(endorsed by ECTL

Agency Advisory

Board)

Local change

safety case NSA

decision

EASA

decision

NSA

review

RECAT-EU : Regulatory process to implementation

10

RECAT-EU scheme can be used by Member

States as a basis to update current schemes


CDG as early RECAT-EU Implementer ?

Peaks = one TakeOff every 50s / one Landing every 50s

ARR

DEP

Main ARR peak: up to 75ARR/h

Traffic Mix : 25% H / 75% M

11

24/7 operations with

RECAT-EU distance

minima started on

March 22nd2016 for

arrival and departure

aircraft at both Paris

CDG and Le Bourget.


RECAT-EU CDG Deployment steps

RECAT EU publication

Technical changes (e.g. flight strip

adaptations)

ATCOs and Pilots familiarisation

Safety case on local changes

12

human factors

safety arguments explained

S

G

H

K

M

L


CDG ATC considerations

Big challenge to learn more separations

Many letters confusing

Resources in position, under pressure

Difference between CDG and other airports

Time to learn and integrate the change

Pilot’s reaction?

Airline involvement

Workshops with Flight Safety Officers

ROT

Communication

Support documentation

AIC

https://trainingzone.eurocontrol.int/clix/data/wbt/TRG/APT/APT-RECAT-EU/









ISA rating at the approach (APP) for the RECAT-EU and ICAO separation norms in

DBS low wind operation (combined simulations)

RECAT-EU – Human Performance Assessment

Real time simulation


Impact at CDG – New Separation Conformance

A330 A320

15

A380 A330


Same throughput with RECAT-EU but...

Impact at CDG – Throughput Benefits

Post-

RECAT-EU

Pre- RECAT-

EU


Impact at CDG – Throughput Benefits

Same throughput with RECAT-EU but...

Significant increase of Heavy and A380 in traffic mix

Post-

RECAT-EU

Pre-RECAT-

EU Applying original (PANS-ATM-based)

separations with post-RECAT-EU traffic


WVE reports vs. Altitude – Sep Norm – Go-arounds

Descent; 4

Intercept; 12

Glide; 6 Below 500ft; 6

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Descent Intercept Glide Below 500ft

In 2006, 10 reports

18

27

2 2

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Landing G/A WVE Non-RECAT(above ICAO)

G/A WVE RECAT(below ICAO)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Wake Occurrence Analysis – A Collaborative Framework

WVE reports collection

FDM data

ATC surveillance tracks data

LIDAR


1 year of RECAT-EU operations

RECAT-EU – Operational Benefits

Greater flexibility to Controllers for managing

traffic spacing;

Resilience through rapid recovery from

adverse conditions with a reduction of

overall delay

Runway throughput improvement of 3 to 8%

during peak periods at major airports;

Future capacity gains with further evolution

of traffic mix ;


RECAT-EU: Next deployments?

Operational trial (procedural) at Leipzig-Halle / EDDP and Munich APP

Full deployment project ongoing (Enhanced TBS) at London Heathrow / EGLL (end 2017 / early2018)

Partial deployment project ongoing at Vienna Schwechat / LOWW (end 2017 / early2018)


B739 B738 B737 B736 A321 A320 A318 A319 MD83 MD82 A148 B734 B733 B735 E190 GL5T GLEX GLF5 B712 F100 F70 B463 RJ1H RJ85 E170 CRJ7 CRJ9 GLF4

A388 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 5.5 4.5 4.5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

B77L 3.5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4.5 4 4 4 4 4.5 4.5 4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5

B77W 3.5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4.5 4 4 4 4 4.5 4.5 4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5

A351 3.5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4.5 4 4 4 4 4.5 4.5 4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5

A359 3.5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4.5 4 4 4 4 4.5 4.5 4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5

A358 3.5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4.5 4 4 4 4 4.5 4.5 4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5

B744 3.5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4.5 4 4 4 4 4.5 4.5 4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5

A346 3.5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4.5 4 4 4 4 4.5 4.5 4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5

A345 3.5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4.5 4 4 4 4 4.5 4.5 4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5

B773 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 4.5 4 4 4 4 4.5 4 4 4 4 4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4

B772 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 4.5 4 4 4 4 4.5 4 4 4 4 4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4

A343 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 4.5 4 4 4 4 4.5 4 4 4 4 4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4

A332 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 4.5 4 4 4 4 4.5 4 4 4 4 4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4

A333 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 4.5 4 4 4 4 4.5 4 4 4 4 4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4

A342 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 4.5 4 4 4 4 4.5 4 4 4 4 4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4

B788 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 4.5 4 4 4 4 4.5 4 4 4 4 4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4

MD11 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3.5 3 3 3 3 3.5 3.5 3 3 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5

B764 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 3 2.5 2.5 3 3 3 3 2.5 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

B762 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 3 2.5 2.5 3 3 3 3 2.5 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

B763 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 3 2.5 2.5 3 3 3 3 2.5 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

A306 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 3.5 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3

A30B 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 3.5 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3

A310 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 3.5 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3

B752 1.5 1.5 2 2 1.5 2 2 2 2 2 2.5 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2

B753 1.5 1.5 2 2 1.5 2 2 2 2 2 2.5 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2

Separation defined per pair of aircraft types

(Pairwise separations – RECAT-EU-PWS)

A343

A320

B739 B738 B737 B736 A321 A320 A318 A319 MD83 MD82 A148 B734 B733 B735 E190 GL5T GLEX GLF5 B712 F100 F70 B463 RJ1H RJ85 E170 CRJ7 CRJ9 GLF4

A388 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 5.5 4.5 4.5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

B77L 3.5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4.5 4 4 4 4 4.5 4.5 4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5

B77W 3.5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4.5 4 4 4 4 4.5 4.5 4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5

A351 3.5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4.5 4 4 4 4 4.5 4.5 4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5

A359 3.5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4.5 4 4 4 4 4.5 4.5 4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5

A358 3.5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4.5 4 4 4 4 4.5 4.5 4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5

B744 3.5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4.5 4 4 4 4 4.5 4.5 4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5

A346 3.5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4.5 4 4 4 4 4.5 4.5 4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5

A345 3.5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4.5 4 4 4 4 4.5 4.5 4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5

B773 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 4.5 4 4 4 4 4.5 4 4 4 4 4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4

B772 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 4.5 4 4 4 4 4.5 4 4 4 4 4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4

A343 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 4.5 4 4 4 4 4.5 4 4 4 4 4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4

A332 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 4.5 4 4 4 4 4.5 4 4 4 4 4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4

A333 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 4.5 4 4 4 4 4.5 4 4 4 4 4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4

A342 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 4.5 4 4 4 4 4.5 4 4 4 4 4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4

B788 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 4.5 4 4 4 4 4.5 4 4 4 4 4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4

MD11 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3.5 3 3 3 3 3.5 3.5 3 3 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5

B764 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 3 2.5 2.5 3 3 3 3 2.5 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

B762 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 3 2.5 2.5 3 3 3 3 2.5 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

B763 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 3 2.5 2.5 3 3 3 3 2.5 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

A306 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 3.5 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3

A30B 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 3.5 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3

A310 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 3.5 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3

B752 1.5 1.5 2 2 1.5 2 2 2 2 2 2.5 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2

B753 1.5 1.5 2 2 1.5 2 2 2 2 2 2.5 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2

Separations are adapted as a

function of leader and follower

aircraft type characteristics

(RECAT-2)

RECAT-2 – Pair Wise Separations currently under EASA review

21

Safety Case under EASA review

Low

Headwind

Strong

Headwind

Strong headwind increases time separation

for constant distance applied

Separation based on time in place of distance

(Time Based Separation - TBS)

Time Based Separation (TBS) permits the adaptation of separations to maintain runway

throughput in strong headwind conditions

22

Strong headwind increases time separation

for constant distance applied

Reduced separations support constant time

between 2 landings in strong headwind

conditions

Wake behaviour verified with measurements

Low

Headwind

Strong

Headwind

Separation based on time in place of distance

(Time Based Separation - TBS)

Time Based Separation (TBS) permits the adaptation of separations to maintain runway

throughput in strong headwind conditions

23

Safety Case under EASA review

Black Chevron: Compression buffer

Red chevron : Separation to be delivered

Only black Chevron

is used by

Approach controller

Red is provided if

the buffer is too

short

TBS entails the use of separation delivery support tool for APP and TWR

LORD – Leading Optimised Runway Delivery


Enhanced

Procedures

Runway

Occupancy Time

Mixed Mode Ops

CSPR Operations

RECAT-EU

T1

T2

T3

T4 T5 T6

T7

T8

LORD integrates different solutions to assist

ATCOs in the separation delivery task

Time separation = max ( [T1,T2,…,Tn] )

LORD

Weather

Dependant

Separation

RECAT Pairwise

separation Time Based

Separation

LORD – Leading Optimised Runway Delivery


RECAT-PWS-TBS / RECAT-EU / LORD in real-time simulations

At least 50% reduction of

strong headwind related

delay

10% increase in runway

throughput during peak

hours

Reduces the number of pairs

below separation minima

Simple HMI ensures no

increase in ATCO workload 26 ICAO ATMGE/24 – Runway Throughput Solutions and Wake RECAT

Procedural TBS / REDSEP as Quick wins

Objective:

To safely deliver part of runway throughput benefits from TBS without significant modification

of ATC tool

2 concept versions:

1. Fixed reduction of distance-based separation minima for wind above certain threshold level

2. Delivery of distance-based separation minima at a point located upstream the runway

threshold, for wind above certain threshold = “REDSEP”

Under deployment at Vienna


Thank you for your attention

www.recat-project.eu

[email protected]

Our Wake Knowledge Hub:

http://www.recat-project.eu/



Documents

Ensuring increased runway throughput with advanced parallel … Meetings Seminars and... · 2017-10-10 · Ensuring increased runway throughput with advanced parallel runway operations